我为何离开印度？：我与税务和商业挑战的斗争

@madhu25236
It's infuriating to see yet another video from the UK trying to undermine India. Their superiority complex and imperialistic mindset just can't accept that a country they once colonized for 200 years is now 50% larger in terms of economy. As for foreign companies leaving India, that's inevitable; today they might exit, but tomorrow the entire world will abandon them. But go ahead, keep crying about it!

看到英国又发布视频试图贬低印度，实在令人愤怒，他们那种优越感和帝国主义思维就是让人无法接受。这个曾被他们殖民200年的国家，如今经济规模比他们大50%。至于外资企业离开印度，这是不可避免的；今天他们可能退出，但明天全世界都会抛弃他们。不过请继续，你们就尽管哭诉吧！

@aniruddhrajendran7570
You are right. The UK's heydey is well and truly over. Their NHS faces record waiting tomes to treat patients, the economy has been stagnant with growth nowhere in sight, there are many no go zones for the police, grooming gangs are a huge issue. The country is finished.

你说得对。英国的黄金时代确实已经彻底结束了。他们的国民医疗服务体系面临创纪录的患者等待时间，经济停滞不前看不到增长的希望，许多区域连警察都不敢进入，儿童性剥削团伙问题严重。这个国家完蛋了。

@pd1596
India has no interest in being a manufacturing nation like China. The population in India are very highly educated and being a service provider (like the UK) makes total sense. They are striving to be a high wage, low tax nation and good for them. I think in the next 5 / 10 years we will start to see the plan coming together and our kids and kids kids will all want to move there to make their millions, like Australia, UAE and others of the past.

印度无意成为像中国那样的制造业大国。印度人口的受教育程度很高，发展服务业（像英国那样）完全合理。他们正在努力成为高工资、低税收的国家，这很好。我认为在未来5到10年内，我们将看到这个计划初见成效，我们的子孙后代都会想移民印度去赚大钱，就像过去人们向往澳大利亚、阿联酋等国家一样。

@my_yt-d6e
With increasing automation and AI playing a bigger role in the service sector, it won't be to India's advantage in the years ahead. There are some structural issues in India along with poor infrastructure, poor readiness for climate change, high risk of geopolitical tensions with their neighbors and the list can go on. It may take several generations before India can carve out its own path, but in the lifetime for most of us commenting here, the US/EU/UAE etc. will continue to offer its citizens the better living conditions for the foreseeable future and India won't be catching up to this anytime soon.

随着自动化和AI在服务业中扮演越来越重要的角色，未来几年这不会对印度有利。印度存在一些结构性的问题，包括基础设施薄弱、对气候变化准备不足、与邻国地缘政治紧张风险高等等，问题不胜枚举。印度可能需要几代人时间才能走出一条自己的道路，但在我们大多数评论者的有生之年，美国/欧盟/阿联酋等国家仍将继续为其公民提供更好的生活条件，而印度短期内无法赶上。

@gloofisearch
Sorry to tell you, but that is not going to happen. The service sector will be replaced in large part by AI. Also, do not forget, that India is mainly relying on English speaking countries for replacing services. However, there are less people living in those than there are people in India, and you compete with the Philippines, Malaysia and others. I have many friends in India and they all want to move to USA. I always ask "Why?". The competition is way to high. Why not Germany, Netherlands or France? They never thought of that, as they are taught that the US is the wholly grail, thus they all learn English. However, manufacturing something, is mostly the same world wide. A water kettle, a water heater, a microwave... The only difference are the labels and the power input/plug. We will always need those appliances and thus, we will always need these people, no matter how automated it will be, humans will always be needed to make those things.

很遗憾告诉你，这不会实现。服务业将大部分被AI取代。别忘了，印度主要依赖英语国家获取服务外包机会，但这些国家的总人口还不如印度多，而且你们还要与菲律宾、马来西亚等国竞争。我在印度有很多朋友，他们都想去美国。我总问"为什么？"他们回答竞争太激烈了。为什么不去德国、荷兰或法国？他们从没考虑过，因为他们被灌输美国是终极目标，所以他们都学英语。但制造业的产品（电水壶、热水器、微波炉...）全球通用，唯一的区别就是标签和电源插头。我们永远需要这些电器，因此永远需要制造它们的人，无论自动化程度多高，它总需要人工参与生产。

@sunflash9
Sorry, any service sector needs to be built on a strong agriculture sector, industry/manufacturing sector to be successful. Service only economy only works for micronation, citystate and tourist spots, and never for medium/large size countries. Being a high skilled manufacturing hub can be insanely profitable and create a strong and resilient circular economy, and generate tax revenues to fund infrastructure and public service. India wants to skip industry/manufacturing and go straight to service economy would not work. Service economy needs to build on strong agriculture and industry/manufacturing as foundation to be sustainable.

抱歉，任何服务业都需要强大的农业和工业/制造业作为基础才能成功。纯服务经济只适合微型国家、城市国家和旅游胜地，绝不适合中型/大型国家。成为高技能制造中心的利润惊人，能创造强大而有韧性的循环经济，并为基础设施和公共服务提供税收。印度想跳过工业/制造业直接发展服务经济是行不通的，服务经济必须以强大农业和工业/制造业为基础才能持续。

@yashsiriah21
India has a very big population which is unemployed or underemployed. Only manufacturing jobs have the capacity to provide gainful employment to such a huge population. Service sector may give big bucks but it can't absorb a lot of people. Besides, a country needs to have a good manufacturing knowledge and capacity to prepare it for any kind of eventualities that may come in the future. Indian politicians show that they have no interest in manufacturing, but we can't really grow to our best potential without manufacturing

印度有大量失业或未充分就业人口。只有制造业能为如此庞大人口提供有酬就业。服务业或许利润丰厚，但吸纳的就业有限。此外，国家需要具备制造业知识和能力以应对未来可能出现的各种突发状况。印度政客对制造业毫无兴趣，但没有制造业，我们永远无法发挥最大潜力。

@thecomment9489
Indian population highly educated?
Literacy rate in India is 74% and going by various levels of education even the secondary school education rate must be less than 50% and for the tertiary education and above it is below 10%.
Tertiary education rate in developed countries is above 40% and even in China it is around 25%.

印度人口的教育程度高？
印度的识字率仅74%，根据各级教育数据推算，其中学教育完成率肯定不足50%，高等教育及以上学历者更是低于10%。
发达国家的高等教育普及率超过40%，就连中国也达到了25%左右。

@worldview2888
People cannot possibly believe that indaian media is currently going WILD with fake positive news about how "indaia will conquer the future". I have never laughed so hard I almost felt it is as good as sex.

居然有人相信印度媒体正在疯狂炒作的"印度将征服未来"的虚假正面新闻。我笑得前仰后合，快感堪比性高潮。

@Ducktility
True, only 5% of Indians finish high school, the growth rate is negative 3% and GDP is falling. 98.95% people are poor. Cant even even launch a satellite.

没错，仅5%的印度人完成了高中学业，经济增长率-3%，GDP持续下滑。98.95%人口处于贫困状态，连卫星都发射不了。

@kushaliyersharma9688
@Ducktility wtf atleast lie in a believable way, want me to tell previous years gdp growth, how extreme poverty is eradicated in india, and which nations landed on mars? come on man

@Ducktility 胡说八道也要有个限度！要我列举印度历年的GDP增长数据吗？印度的极端贫困早已消除，火星探测也有印度的份。拜托别睁眼说瞎话！

@learningmaster8060
I see the comment section filled with C bot comments. C is scared of C manufacturing moving outside C, and India is a very large country with equal capabilities to C. India is slowly but gradually overtaking C in manufacturing, and C fear of this is obvious in the commenting section of this video. Regarding tax problems, I agree that Indian tax authorities are harassing businesses, but this could easily change with a simple government intervention. C employers get slave workers working 16 hours a day for an 8-hour salary; that is the main advantage of C manufacturing. In the rest of the world, including India, we value family life and work-life balance; hence, the C always have an upper hand due to their slave factories.

我发现评论区充斥着C水军的言论。C害怕制造业外流，而印度作为体量相当的国家完全具备与C同等的制造实力。印度正在逐步超越C的制造业地位，这种恐惧在本视频的评论区表露无遗。关于税收问题，我承认印度的税务部门确实在刁难企业，但这只需政府简单干预就能改变。C的雇主让工人每天工作16小时却只支付8小时的工资——这种NU隶工厂模式才是C制造业的核心优势。包括印度在内的其他国家重视家庭生活与工作的平衡，正因如此，依靠血汗工厂的C总能占据上风。

@wallacekatini3424
China is more than 3 times larger in size than India. Go for geography classes first

中国的国土面积是印度的三倍多，先去补补地理课吧。

@ohlawd3699
India's GDP recently passed Japan's (over 4 trillion) and they now have the 4th largest economy in the world. Meanwhile, most of, if not all of India's enemies are either struggling or falling behind (take China's failing economy for example). So the question is, how does making propaganda videos like this change that reality? Maybe if you followed India's example instead by working hard and doing the right thing, then maybe your country wouldn't be struggling and could do as well they are.

印度的GDP刚超越日本（突破4万亿美元），成为世界第四大经济体。与此同时，印度绝大多数（如果不是全部）敌对国家都在挣扎或落后（比如中国正面临经济衰退）。所以问题是，制作这种宣传视频能改变现实吗？如果你们效仿印度，努力工作、做正确的事，或许你们的国家就不会陷入困境，也能像印度一样成功。

@Adam-c4d4s
Yeah, most economists, including Indians, don't buy these claims made by the Modi government.
Just look at the infrastructure and standard of living in Japan, and compare with India.

没错，包括印度学者在内的大多数经济学家都不买莫迪政府的账。
看看日本的基础设施和生活水平，再对比下印度就知道了。

@dsbdsb6637
Video's main arguments starts from 8 Min approx. -
RCEP - India pulling out of it allowed it to prevent or limit China's imports.
Indian politicians don't want manufacturing - False reason is India did not focused on basic education after independence while China's focused on basic education which helped it easily industrialize. Secondly India's leap to service sector resulted in this argument which some academics & political parties adopted for ideologiccal reasons but i think it is more of a case of modelling the argument around the results than the other way around.
2% Global manufacturing percentage - India's manufacturing has literally started in last 10-15 yrs. with an eye on exports with global supply chain integration as till 1990's Indian manufacturing was focused on local demands with strict govt. control aka License raj & then shifted to service sector, Pharma, auto etc. Only in last decade or so India has shifted it's focus towards global supply chains & manufacturing. ASEAN manufacturing has lot of Chinese investment as it serves multiple purpose for Chinese geopolitics. So to assume anything based upon current global manufacturing percentage is highly misleading.
China's Megafactories & India's PLI scheme - Can't discuss PLI without noting how USA's global trade shakeup has affected national trade programs & output. China has megafactories because it industrialized earlier when global trade was free from burden of environmental regulations & small companies in India are due to lack of industrialization as agriculture is still the largest sector for most Indians.
I agree with the video abt. over regulations regarding workers in India & state wide divergences in them. Disagree with the point abt. women as states with better safety & higher industrialization have higher share of women workers in India. Most population is in rural areas because that's where they work in the absense of industries.
Agree abt. the point regarding education - Note STEM is great for industrialization Vs. Humanities or Law degrees {sadly which Indians have a large % of} though disagree with false equivalence with Mexico.
Disagree with the point abt. India-UK FTA because it assumes that trade intgration will not lead to change in manufacturing or trade.
Agree abt. failure of SEZ in India but it is because of lack of local autonomy & over regulation which is a legacy of abt. 50 yrs. of socialist rule. Only in last 1-2 decades policies have started to be shifted towards industrial sector over land or labor.
India is going for indutrialization & FTA's are being done to integrate India into global supply chain as well as manufacturing but for these to bear fruits it will take atleast a decade.

视频的主要论点从第8分钟左右开始 -
RCEP（区域全面经济伙伴关系协定）- 印度退出该协定使其能够阻止或限制从中国的进口。
关于"印度政客不想要制造业"的错误论点：错误的原因是印度独立后没有重视基础教育，而中国重视基础教育，从而更容易实现工业化。其次，印度向服务业跃升导致了这个论点，某些学术界和政治党派出于意识形态原因采纳了这个观点，但我认为这更像是根据结果倒推论点，而非相反。
2%的全球制造业占比 - 印度的制造业实际上是在过去10-15年才真正开始发展，着眼于出口和全球供应链整合。因为在1990年代之前，印度的制造业在严格的政府控制（即许可证制度）下专注于本地需求，后来转向了服务业、制药、汽车等领域。直到最近十年左右，印度才将重点转向全球供应链和制造业。东盟制造业中有大量的中国投资，因为这符合中国的多重地缘政治目的。因此基于当前全球制造业占比做出的所有假设都极具误导性。
中国的超级工厂与印度的PLI（生产挂钩激励）计划 - 讨论PLI时不能不提美国的全球贸易震荡对国家贸易计划和产出的影响。中国拥有超级工厂是因为它在全球贸易尚未受环保法规限制时就实现了工业化，而印度企业规模小是因为缺乏工业化，农业仍是大多数印度人的主要产业。
我同意视频关于对印度劳动者的过度监管及各邦差异的观点，但不同意关于女性的观点，因为在印度，安全性更高、工业化程度更高的邦，女性劳动者比例也更高。大部分印度人生活在农村地区，是因为在没有工业的情况下他们只能在那里工作。
我同意关于教育的观点 - 我注意到STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学）专业对工业化很重要，而人文或法律学位（遗憾的是印度人拥有这些学位的比例很高）则不然，但我不同意与墨西哥的错误类比。
我不同意关于印度-英国FTA（自由贸易协定）的观点，因为它假设贸易一体化不会带来制造业或贸易的变化。
我同意关于印度经济特区失败的观点，但这源于地方自治权不足和过度监管，这是约50年社会主义统治的遗产。直到最近10-20年，政策才开始从土地或劳动力转向工业领域。
印度正在推进工业化，并通过签订FTA融入全球供应链和制造业，但这些举措要见效至少还需要十年时间。

@thecomment9489
"while China's focused on basic education which helped it easily industrialize"
Yes that happened under Mao's tenure. In 1949 China had just 12% literacy and by the time in 1976 Mao died China's literacy was above 70%. India's 2011 literacy rate was 74%.
LOL, socialist rule. Then why not give a Mumbai size plot of land to the two A&A's and make them fully autonomous and then maybe we will see how much your theory holds water.
But yes we do have very rare example of successfully running public sector organisations and one of them is DMRC which has maintained the metro services in Delhi well, because well it is largely autonomous and free from the typical public sector inefficiencies.

"而中国重视基础教育从而更容易实现工业化"
这确实发生在毛泽东执政时期。1949年中国的识字率仅12%，到1976年毛泽东去世时已经超过70%。印度2011年的识字率是74%。
呵呵，你归咎于社会主义统治。那为什么不给两个A&A（注：可能指特定机构）一块孟买大小的土地让其完全自治，看看你的理论有多少说服力？
不过我们确实有极少数成功的公共部门的案例，比如德里地铁公司（DMRC）良好地运营着德里地铁，正因为其高度自治且避免了典型的公共部门的低效问题。

@dsbdsb6637
@thecomment9489 As if economic experiments can be repeated & scientifically proven. Also all economic models can not be understood without looking at their borader context. Management matters more than private or public sector though i agree that public sector tends to have greater inefficiencies.
I was specifically talking abt. primary / basic education because our leaders initially focused on higher education while neglected primary education.
The problem with the video is it's metanarrative & that's why i explained the parts i agree & disagree with.

你说得好像经济实验可以重复验证似的。所有经济模型都离不开其宏观背景。管理质量比公私属性更重要——虽然我承认公共部门通常效率更低。
我特指初等/基础教育问题，因为我们的领导人最初重视高等教育却忽视了基础教育。
这个视频的根本问题在于其元叙事，所以我才分别说明了同意和反对的部分。

@reubennelson4086
In east asia, China was the last country to become rich since it was a dictatorship. South korea, Taiwan, Japan all were democracies and became rich. In South asia, in gdp per capita, India is the first one to become rich and highest per capita since it is a democracy. Pakistan is a dictatorship and they arent doing so good economoically.

在东亚，中国是最后一个变得富裕的国家，因为它是一个DC郑泉。韩国、台湾（地区）、日本都是皿煮国家/地区，并且变得富裕。在南亚，按人均GDP计算，印度是第一个变得富裕的国家，也是人均收入最高的国家，因为它是一个皿煮国家。巴基斯坦是一个DC郑泉，它在经济上并不景气。

@amandashputre1539
no democracy was the best thing to ever happen to us dont compare it to China dont think China and india started at the same "political " situation we only started at the same "financial " situation

没有民主体制对我们来说反而是最好的事情，不要拿中国来比较。不要以为中国和印度是从相同的"政治"起点出发的，我们只是在"经济"起点上相同。

@jotighuman3462
India has so much potential with educated leaders Our leaders are corrupt and keep going backwards instead of forward Instead of religious division if they spent that time on trade schools to improve skill level of its citizens it could be manufacturing powerhouse

印度本可以凭借受过教育的领导层实现巨大的发展潜力，但我们的领导人腐败无能，不断开倒车而非向前进。如果他们能把制造宗教分裂的时间用来建设职业培训学校，提升公民的技能水平，印度本可以成为制造业强国。

@vishwakat8743
While I agree with all of the points about the government being inadequate; I don't think focusing on low skill manufacturing is an option in the world anymore. The moat is incredibly small, and we are moving more towards automated, local manufacturing as opposed to labor subsidized global manufacturing. I think India should just play to its strengths in Software services, pharmaceuticals and R&D. These fields have grown very quickly with no government support; but with policy support they could 3-4X the economy. Though the number of jobs created from these fields will be a lot lower.

虽然我完全同意关于政府不作为的所有观点，但我认为在全球范围内，低技能制造业已不再是可行的选择。这个领域的护城河太浅，全球趋势正在转向自动化本地制造，而非依赖劳动力补贴的全球化制造。我认为印度应该发挥其在软件服务、制药和研发领域的优势，这些领域在没有政府支持的情况下已经快速发展，如果有政策支持，它们能让经济增长3-4倍。不过这些领域创造的就业机会会少很多。