大型制药公司为何撤离印度？

@MrA21586
The Indian tax authorities have a reputation for targeting foreign companies with ridiculous tax grabs

印度的税务部门以对外企进行荒谬的税务勒索而臭名昭著。

@Jayjay-gp3ne
Nope, foreign big corps love the unregulated market that's they setup their firms here, this tax regulation is recent phenomenon, but as long of you're a upper caste especially brahman and baniya Indian huntudva politicians will always favor you.

错，外资大企业当初就是冲着这里监管宽松才来设厂的。税收政策是近年来的变化，但只要你是婆罗门或巴尼亚等高种姓，印度教民族主义政客永远会偏袒你。

@amandashputre1539
@Jayjay-gp3ne bro it is not caste based politicians have gotten smarter they favour the person who give them most advantages ( donations , helping in elections etc )

老兄，现在印度已经不只看种姓了，政客们变精明了，谁给的好处多（捐款、助选等）就偏向谁。

@andrewsuryali8540
There's a very important factor that you didn't mention here, which is that Indian politicians and businesspeople don't understand the value of supply chains. In China Huawei is currently investing on three chemical companies which make the lowest of the lowest rung of materials for their semiconductor needs. We aren't even talking silicon wafer manufacturers; these are facilities that literally extract silicon from sand and quartz. Two of the companies are those that make the chemicals used for this extraction process. In India nobody cares. Even their business leaders somehow assume silicon wafers appear magically out of thin air to be bought. In about five years, the Chinese will control the entire silicon supply chain from sand to chips and Indian businesses will be flabbergasted that silicon wafers have to be obtained with a lengthy approval process from Chinese bureaucrats. By this time Huawei would already be making germanium chips from germanium refined by their subsidiaries.

你们忽略了一个关键的因素：印度政商界根本不理解供应链的价值。看看中国的华为正在做什么——他们投资了三家化工企业，专门生产半导体制造中最底层的原材料。这还不是制造硅片的工厂，而是直接从砂石和石英中提取硅的设施。其中两家公司专门生产硅提取过程中所需的化学制剂。
而在印度，没人在意这些基础产业。他们的商业领袖似乎天真地认为硅片会从天上掉下来，随时可以购买。照此发展，不出五年中国就能掌控从砂子到芯片的完整的硅材料供应链。到那时，当印度企业发现获取硅片需要经过中国官僚冗长的审批程序时，他们一定会目瞪口呆。而彼时华为恐怕早已通过子公司提炼锗材料，开始制造锗芯片了。

@nishanthselvamani5716
They do know man. Even they are also getting contracts. Eg Rafale jets are using Indian company spares and TATA is going to manufacture rafale body.

他们当然知道！印度企业也在接订单好吗？比如阵风战机就用印度公司的零件，塔塔集团即将制造机身。

@navinadv
India will never match China’s efficiency on bureaucratic issues. China is more monocultural (relatively) than India. India is more like a confederation of culturally dissimilar states than a country. What works in Punjab, doesn’t work in Tamilnadu. Mumbai (aka Bombay) seems efficient when you compare it to the rest of India but falls woefully short when compared to any city in Eastern China (where most of the development is).
India’s development is hampered by structural challenges of land reform, casteism, and an extremely bloated and inefficient bureaucracy. These challenges limit the pace of infrastructure development, industrial growth, and higher education. A good measure is to compare the percentage of Indian students who are studying outside India and want to return to India vs the same for China. The US which has the best data on this is flooded with Indians wanting employment based immigration vs a much smaller percentage for the Chinese. China offers adequate opportunities at home while India doesn’t. When you see Indians wanting to return (vs being forced to return) you will know the tides of development have changed.

印度永远无法在行政效率上与中国匹敌。中国（相对而言）具有更强的文化同质性，而印度更像是由文化迥异的邦组成的联邦。在旁遮普行得通的政策，到了泰米尔纳德就完全失效。孟买（又称Bombay）与印度其他城市相比或许还算高效，但若与中国东部的任何城市（主要的经济发展区）相较，则相形见绌。
印度的发展正受困于三大结构性难题：土地改革停滞、种姓制度桎梏，以及极度臃肿低效的官僚体系。这些顽疾严重制约着基础设施建设、工业发展和高等教育水平。一个鲜明的对比指标是观察中印两国海外留学生的归国意愿——美国的数据最具说服力：渴望通过工作移民留下的印度学生的比例远高于中国留学生。中国能为本国人才提供充足的发展机遇，而印度则不能。当某天印度人开始主动选择回国（而非被迫回国）之时，才是这个国家发展浪潮真正转向的标志。

@ashpatel2505
@andrewsuryali8540 While observation about India’s lagging to China is accurate, but criticism lacks the understanding of variables responsible for the wide gape between two countries. China’s development started with Nixon visiting China and the decision by USA and some European countries to outsource manufacturing to China significantly benefited China's economy by creating jobs, boosting export growth, and facilitating economic development. It also spurred infrastructure development, attracted foreign investment, and helped China climb the value chain. China being communist country with visionary leadership took advantage of this seismic move by the west. While India was to late in adopting modern industrialization because of many reasons, some organic, some structural and political! The country had no natural resources or foreign capital investment to adopt technology hardware manufacturing and hence opted to move into less capital intensive areas such as software development and IT services. Let’s hope , the country has finally entered the new era and will optimize its industrial policy to take advantage of changing dynamics with many foreign companies have stated paying attention to India for investment in manufacturing.

@andrewsuryali8540 虽然关于印度落后于中国的观察是准确的，但这些批评并未理解造成两国巨大差距的多重变量。中国的发展始于尼克松访华，以及美国和部分欧洲国家决定将制造业外包至中国——这一战略通过创造就业、推动出口增长和促进经济发展，使中国受益匪浅。此举还刺激了基础设施建设，吸引了外资，并助力中国向价值链上游攀升。作为一个拥有远见领导层的共产主义国家，中国充分利用了西方的这一重大决策。
而印度因诸多原因（有些是客观条件，有些是结构和政治因素）未能及时跟上现代工业化步伐。该国既缺乏自然资源，也缺少外资投入来发展技术硬件制造，因此选择转向软件开发与IT服务等资本密集度较低的领域。如今随着多家外企开始关注印度制造业投资，希望这个国家最终能迎来新时代，能够优化产业政策以把握局势变化的机遇。

@Claudia_Ackermann
The Indians on the comments were riled up
That's their problem, they don't take constructive criticism, they always say your are racist or lies that spread by Pakistan and etc
So if this video made them mad, then its true

评论区的印度网友暴跳如雷。这就是他们的问题——从不愿意接受建设性的批评，动不动就指责别人种族歧视，或者说是巴基斯坦散布的谎言。既然这个视频能激怒他们，恰恰说明内容属实。

@krishnanunnimadathil8142
Hardly anyone is blaming Pakistan here. But there is a lot of racism and unwarranted stereotypes being flung around given every chance here.

这里几乎没人指责巴基斯坦，但某些人一有机会就散播种族主义和毫无根据的刻板印象。

@theultimateshield5133
Personally i didnt see any Indian lambasting as I believe mostly we are aware of our problems but this channel has 15 videos on collapse of China since 2015, also India has seen tough times and solved many of its issues and to be fair our politicians are changing, people are voting in smart leaders, I believe one day this country will have a good system in place.

就我个人而言，我没有看到印度人有什么过激反应，大多数人都清楚自身的问题。但这个频道自2015年起做了15期"中国崩溃论"视频，而印度虽然经历了困难，却解决了许多问题。公平地说，我们的政客正在改变，民众也在选举明智的领导人。我相信终有一天这个国家会建立起完善的制度。

@danwelterweight4137
China reported a record $1.1 trillion surplus in trade last year. During the peak of China's trade war with the US China's trade exports to the rest of the world went up, not down.
Their economy also grew at a 5.4% in the first quarter.
They are also fastly progressing in chip manufacturing, EVs, quantum computing.
They are now the number one manufacturer of medicine and prescxtion drugs in the world.

中国去年创下1.1万亿美元的贸易顺差纪录。在中美贸易战最激烈时期，中国对世界其他地区的出口不降反升。中国第一季度经济增长率达5.4%。他们在芯片制造、电动汽车和量子计算领域也进展神速。如今中国已成为全球最大的医药和处方药生产国。

@hellslayer9638
This is a common extortion tactic here , either you pay party fund or your life as a business owner turn to literal nightmare . Even shop owners pay extortion to police , its called " hafta wasoli" even almost every factory pays it here if you are noticed .

这是此地常见的勒索手段——要么给党派缴纳资金，否则生意人就会陷入噩梦。连小店都要向警察交称为"hafta wasoli"的保护费，几乎每家被盯上的工厂都要交这笔钱。

@Melonzy123
The real question is: Why is India pretending to be something they are not? That is a superpower, which is so cringe when they use that term.

真正的问题是：印度为何要假装成自己不是的样子？自称超级大国实在令人尴尬。

@FireFox-ch2tu
4th biggest economy, 5th biggest manufacturer in the world, 4th biggest armed forces, the biggest population in the world etc. if you think these numbers normal then you are nothing but a coping troll.

全球第四大经济体、第五大制造国、第四大武装力量、世界第一人口大国...如果你觉得这些数据平平无奇，那你不过是个自我安慰的网络喷子。

@aburetik4866
lndia is known as the graveyard of foreign firms.
2783 foreign companies shut India operations since 2014.
These include Metro AG, Holcim, Ford, General Motors, Royal Bank of Scotland, Citibank, Harley-Davidson, Huawei, among others.

印度被称为外企坟场。自2014年以来已有2783家外企关闭在印业务，包括麦德龙、豪瑞、福特、通用汽车、苏格兰皇家银行、花旗银行、哈雷戴维森、华为等。

@sorryminati4719
Both of the Samsung and Volkswagen cases are frustrating also because Indian companies like Reliance have done the exact same thing but were never fined, but rather it was brushed off. That is the very basis of anti free market

三星和大众的案例令人愤慨还在于信实等印度企业做过完全相同的事却从未被罚款，反而被轻描淡写地放过，这正是反自由市场的根本体现。

@MikaelChuaungo1
The fastest growing sector in the IT spehere in India is Onlne Gambling . And the biggest donors to Modi's BJP party are these online gaming platforms. (insert Mild Shock meme)
India does not deserve development because people keep voting for leaders who are busy filling their own pockets.

印度IT领域增长最快的行业是在线赌博，而莫迪人民党最大的金主正是这些网络赌博平台。印度不配发展，因为印度民众总是选举那些中饱私囊的领导人。

@lkgpuanimho0349
I keep saying this. People think that because India has the same population as China, they are automatically going to be like China.
You look at all the Asian countries that have become wealthy and developed, they are all Chinese or East Asian.
Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, Japan.
None are from South Asia like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, India.
Even you take countries that have significant population of both Indians and Chinese like Malaysia for example, the Chinese are often so much wealthier than the Indians.
When I say this, I always get attacks by people, but it is the truth.
India will NOT become the next China. There is a higher chance of countries like Vietnam, Thailand or Malaysia achieving that than India.

我一直强调这一点：人们总以为印度的人口和中国相当，就自动能成为下一个中国。看看亚洲所有发达富裕的经济体：香港（特区）、台湾（地区）、新加坡、韩国、日本，全是华人或东亚国家。南亚的孟加拉、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、印度无一上榜。
即便在马来西亚这种印裔和华裔都很多的国家，华人也普遍比印裔富裕得多。每当我指出这一点，我总会遭人攻击，但这就是事实。印度绝不会成为下一个中国，越南、泰国或马来西亚实现这一目标的可能性都比印度大得多。

@reubennelson4086
thats because a rich neighbourhood makes you rich. In east asia, China was the last one to become rich since they are an autocracy, in south asia, india is the richest of the lot by far since it is a democracy

这是因为富裕的邻居能带动你致富。在东亚，中国因专制体制成为最后一个富裕起来的国家；而在南亚，印度作为皿煮国家已是该地区最富裕的国家。

@WorkersUnited111
Well none of the Southeast Asian countries have become much wealthier either.

然而东南亚国家也没几个真正富裕起来的。

@sandyetok
@reubennelson4086 Your logic is truly genius. Therefore, as countries with similar populations, why the GDP of China, the most backward country in East Asia, is five times that of India, the richest country in South Asia.

@reubennelson4086 你的逻辑真是天才。那么按照人口规模相似的前提，为何东亚最落后的中国的GDP却是南亚最富裕的国家印度的五倍？

@thecomment9489
@reubennelson4086 If that theory was correct then there would not be the largest slum in the city with most billionaires in Asia. The theory is race based and all Mongoloid/East Asian race countries are highly developed except DPRK and the reason si it is not allowed to participate in the global economy and is brutally sanctioned. If allowed to integrate in the global economy even DPRK will surpass India easily in all indicators of human development.

@reubennelson4086 如果这个理论成立，亚洲亿万富翁最多的城市就不该同时拥有最大的贫民窟。这套种族主义理论忽略了一个事实：所有蒙古人种/东亚国家都高度发达（朝鲜除外），而朝鲜落后的原因正是被排除在全球经济体系之外并遭受严厉的制裁。如果允许其融入全球经济，朝鲜在所有人类发展指标上都能轻松超越印度。

@Bytional
Let me give you an example of India maufactures:
A Chinese refiner company wants to export its tech and equipments to an indian company, back then these tech are not so tightly controlled by Chinese government, so this Indian company agrees and paid lots of money for these, equipments are sent and sites are about to build, but you need experts and engineers from China to help setup these lines, so they appily for the work visa, strangely Indian government never show any interests, both companies are very worried about this deal, but Indian government not only stall the paperwork and also the visa for the engineers, so after 5 years, Chinese government notices this deal, stop the tech transfer, the Indian company gets nothing.
Sometimes I wonder how the Indian get anything done.

让我举个印度制造业的典型例子：
中国某炼油企业曾想向印度公司出口技术和设备，当时这些技术尚未被中国政府严格管控。印度公司支付巨额资金后，设备运抵、场地准备就绪，但需要中国专家协助安装生产线。然而印度政府对工作签证申请异常冷淡，两家公司焦急等待五年后，中国政府叫停技术转让，印度公司最终血本无归。
在这种效率下，真不知道印度人是怎么做成任何事情的。

@xleanium
The main reason is none of this and no one talk about this.
The politicians especially ones from rural and least developed area dont want factories or high quality of life for their constituents. Because keeping them poor give them votes !
it mostly like this : One government bring in a factory or business before next election the others start to create issues in the factory using unx/social media stating pollution etc and close the business as "win" say we drove out International conglomerate who want to take advantage.
you need to remember the fear from British invasion is still being in their minds and the politician use this to their advantage

根本的原因无人提及：
来自欠发达地区的政客根本不想让选民过上好日子，因为贫困才能保证选票！
典型的操作是：某届政府引进工厂后，反对派会在下次选举前煽动工会/社交媒体以污染等理由闹事，最后以"赶走剥削我们的国际巨头"为政绩关闭工厂。
别忘了对英国殖民的恐惧仍深植人心，政客们最擅长利用这一点。

@027atulyakumar2
Also bcz bureaucrats are busy fighting over power and perks. Eg- Indian DM get 10x more perks than US mayors. While IITns , doctors, and scientists can’t even dream of reaching to lvl of foreign counterparts. We have VIP expenditure budget more than research budget

更因为官僚们沉迷于权力斗争：印度地方行政官的待遇是美国市长的十倍，而印度理工学院的精英、医生和科学家却难以企及国外同行的水平。我国的特权开支甚至超过了科研预算。

@BiggieTrismegistus
I'm an American and am hardly an expert on India but the political power wielded by small farmers seems all out of proportion to their economic importance. If anything India needs fewer farmers because a whole bunch of small farms will be much less efficient than a handful of larger ones.

作为美国人，我虽非印度问题专家，但小农群体所掌握的政治影响力似乎与其经济重要性严重不符。事实上，印度需要的恰恰是减少农民的数量——因为大量分散的小农经营模式，其效率远低于集中化运营的大型农场。

@burhanuddinsakarwala5033
Corruption in India is the main reason for this. Bureaucracy wouldn't be a problem if the bureaucracy always needs to be greased to do a basic task which is their job to do.

腐败才是根源。如果连本职工作都要行贿才能推进，官僚体系自然沦为绊脚石。

@027atulyakumar2
Indian bureaucrats Like IAS/IPS have 10x more perks , power and status expenditure than Mayor of USA . Today even top engineers, doctors and scientists are trying luck in UPSC , bcz top educated citizens can’t even dream of reaching thr US counterparts, but IAS/IPS have worlds most expensive luxury budgets , even more than US Mayor . They were built as British Servants to exploit India, not to serve, and they made sure to keep doing it .

印度行政官(IAS/IPS)的待遇、权力和地位开支是美国市长的十倍。如今连顶尖的工程师、医生和科学家都在挤公务员考试，因为这些精英永远达不到美国同行的水平，而行政官却享受着全球最奢侈的预算。这个殖民时期为剥削印度而设计的体系至今仍在履行它的原始使命。

@chrisloo6453
India could never be trusted in business. I know, because I've worked in a petroluem company, we sent our geotechnical consultant to work inhouse in their office for a month. They never honour the contractual payment obligations, lost millions $, decided to cut our loss and terminated future projects with them.

印度人在商业上根本不可信。我在石油公司工作时曾派地质顾问去他们的办公室驻场一个月。他们从不履行合同付款义务，在让我们损失数百万美元后，我们只能止损并终止合作。

@Mike-z7o6i
Yes, I did know. I worked in a diplomatic mission there for 3 years. I went in thinking - like every economist does - that India will be massive and important in the future. I left realizing this will never happen because the collective culture will never work together for a common cause. Corruption is just the start.

是的，我深有体会。我曾在那里的外交机构工作过三年。和所有的经济学家一样，初到时我认为印度必将崛起成为重要的大国。但离开时我意识到这永远不会发生，因为他们的集体文化永远无法为共同的目标相互协作。腐败问题只是冰山一角。

@pyrophobia133
calling China corrupt while India does very business unfriendly things is just pure cope

一边指责中国F败，一边印度自己却在搞各种反商业操作，这纯粹是自我安慰。

@KingOfMadCows
C does have corruption but most of their corruption is actually pretty efficient. In C, sometimes you need to get things done by giving some gifts and greasing some palms, but they do get things done fast. And it actually builds relationships that smooths things out for future deals.
In India, you don't just pay once and get it done, they're constantly finding excuses to ask for more. Things get bogged down and you have to pay more and more, and nothing gets done.

C确实存在腐败，但他们的腐败往往很高效。在C，有时需要送礼打点才能办事，但事情确实能快速解决。这种关系还能为日后的交易铺路。
而在印度，付一次钱根本不够，他们会不断找借口索要更多。事情会陷入僵局，你将不得不持续加码，最后可能还是办不成事。