《反对美国对伊朗开战：一封给联合国安理会的公开信》 作者：杰弗里·萨克斯

Distinguished Members of the Security Council,
The President of the United States is issuing grave threats of force against the Islamic Republic of Iran if it does not accede to US demands. His actions risk a major regional war that would be devastating. Asked if he wanted regime change, he responded that it “seems like that would be the best thing that could happen.” When asked why a second US aircraft carrier has been sent to the region, President Trump answered “in case we don’t make a deal, we’ll need it … if we need it, we’ll have it ready.”
These threats are in violation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, which declares that “All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.”
These threats come in the context of Iran’s repeated calls for negotiations. Moreover, on February 7, Iran’s Foreign Minister delivered a speech in Doha proposing comprehensive negotiations for regional peace, following a round of talks in Oman supported by the diplomacy of the Arab states and Türkiye. Even as a second round of negotiations has been announced, the US is resorting to escalating threats of force.

安全理事会的各位杰出成员：
美国总统正对伊朗伊斯兰共和国发出严重武力威胁，称如果伊朗不答应美国的要求，将面临武力打击。其行为冒着引发一场毁灭性地区大战的风险。在被问及是否想要更迭政权时，他回答说，这“似乎是可能发生的最棒的事情”。当被问及为何向该地区派遣第二艘美国航母时，特朗普总统回答称，“以防我们无法达成协议，我们需要它……如果我们有需要，它将随时待命”。

这些威胁违反了《联合国宪章》第二条第四项，该项规定：“各会员国在其国际关系上不得武力威胁或使用武力，或以与联合国宗旨不符之任何其他方法，侵害任何国家之领土完整或政治独立。”
这些威胁是在伊朗多次呼吁谈判的背景下发生的。此外，2月7日，在阿曼举行了一轮由阿拉伯国家和土耳其外交支持的会谈后，伊朗外长在多哈发表讲话，提议就地区和平进行全面谈判。即便在第二轮谈判已经宣布的情况下，美国仍在变本加厉地进行武力威胁。

The issue facing the UN Security Council in these perilous days is whether any member state, by force or threat of force, may place itself above the United Nations Charter that governs us all. At stake is the integrity of the UN-based international system.
One of the crucial roles of the Security Council is to call on member states to settle disputes by peaceful means such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or judicial settlement, without the threat of force or resort to force. Today, the world is in urgent need of a renewed commitment to diplomacy.
The current threat of an attack by the US did not begin with any failure by Iran to negotiate. On the contrary, it began with the United States’ repudiation of negotiations that had already succeeded.

安理会在这些危险日子里所面临的问题是，是否有任何成员国可以通过武力或武力威胁，将自己置于统治我们所有人的《联合国宪章》之上。这关系到以联合国为基础的国际体系的完整性。
安理会的关键角色之一是呼吁成员国通过谈判、调解、仲裁或司法结算等和平手段解决争端，而不采取武力威胁或诉诸武力。今天，世界迫切需要重新致力于外交。

当前美国发出的攻击威胁并非始于伊朗在谈判上的失败。相反，它始于美国对已经取得成功的谈判的否定。

On July 14, 2015, after years of extensive diplomacy, Iran and the P5 countries plus Germany concluded the Joint Comprehensive plan of Action (JCPOA) to ensure that Iran’s nuclear program would remain exclusively peaceful. In return, economic sanctions on Iran were to be lifted. The JCPOA placed Iran’s nuclear activities under strict and continuous scrutiny by the International Atomic Energy Agency and thereby ended the risk of a nuclear-arms breakout by Iran, a risk that Iran had consistently denied.
On July 20, 2015, the UNSC unanimously adopted Resolution 2231. That resolution “endorses the JCPOA” and calls upon all states to take the steps “necessary to support the implementation.” It terminated previous sanctions resolutions and incorporated the JCPOA into international law. The Security Council explicitly recognized Iran’s “right to develop nuclear energy for peaceful purposes” under the Non-Proliferation Treaty and established a robust verification regime.

2015年7月14日，经过多年的广泛外交努力，伊朗与五常加一国家（P5+1，即美国、英国、法国、俄罗斯、中国及德国）签署了《联合全面行动计划》（JCPOA），以确保伊朗的核计划完全保持和平性质。作为回报，对伊朗的经济制裁将被取消。《联合全面行动计划》将伊朗的核活动置于国际原子能机构严格且持续的监测之下，从而消除了伊朗进行核武器突破的风险，而伊朗此前一直否认存在这种风险。

2015年7月20日，联合国安理会一致通过了第2231号决议。该决议“认可《联合全面行动计划》”，并呼吁所有国家采取“支持执行所必需的”步骤。该决议终止了此前的制裁决议，并将《联合全面行动计划》纳入国际法。安理会明确承认伊朗根据《不扩散核武器条约》拥有“为和平目的开发核能的权利”，并建立了一套强有力的核查机制。

Yet on May 8, 2018, three years after the successful UNSC Resolution, the United States unilaterally withdrew from the JCPOA. This withdrawal was actively lobbied for by the Israeli government. Since the late 1990s, Israel’s leadership has repeatedly, falsely, and hypocritically claimed that Iran was on the verge of obtaining a nuclear weapon, even as Israel itself had secretly acquired nuclear weapons outside the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and has until today refused to join the treaty and subject itself to its controls.
When President Trump unilaterally withdrew the United States from the JCPOA, the US reimposed wide-ranging sanctions in direct contradiction of Resolution 2231 and launched a campaign of economic warfare designed to cripple Iran’s economy that continues to this day.

然而，在安理会决议成功通过三年后的2018年5月8日，美国单方面退出了《联合全面行动计划》。以色列政府曾为这一退出进行了积极游说。自20世纪90年代末以来，以色列领导层一再虚假且虚伪地声称伊朗即将获得核武器，而以色列自身却在《不扩散核武器条约》之外秘密获取了核武器，且至今拒绝加入该条约并接受其管控。

当特朗普总统单方面让美国退出《联合全面行动计划》时，美国重新实施了广泛的制裁，这直接违反了第2231号决议，并启动了一场旨在瘫痪伊朗经济的经济战运动，且这一运动一直持续至今。

The current threats by the US are therefore part of a long-standing pattern of feigning interest in negotiations while in fact pursuing economic warfare and military force. In June 2025, following the renewal of negotiations earlier that year, the United States and Iran entered a sixth round of talks. The US had characterized the negotiations as constructive and positive. The sixth round was set for June 15, 2025. Yet on June 13, 2025, the US supported Israel’s bombing of Iran. A week after that, the US attacked Iran under Operation Midnight Hammer.
The US assault on the UN Charter has now escalated once again to the brink of war, with US threats of force and acts of economic warfare proceeding daily. The US has been escalating its military presence near Iran and has repeatedly threatened to launch an imminent attack.

因此，美国目前的威胁是其长期以来表现出的模式的一部分，即假装对谈判感兴趣，而实际上却在进行经济战和武力打击。2025年6月，在当年早些时候恢复谈判之后，美国和伊朗进入了第六轮会谈。美国曾将谈判描述为建设性的、积极的。第六轮谈判原定于2025年6月15日举行。然而，在2025年6月13日，美国支持了以色列对伊朗的轰炸。一周后，美国在“午夜之锤行动”下袭击了伊朗。

美国对《联合国宪章》的攻击现在再次升级到战争边缘，美国的武力威胁和经济战行为每天都在进行。美国一直在伊朗附近升级其军事存在，并一再威胁要发起迫在眉睫的攻击。

The administration has also been candid about its strategy of economic warfare. On January 20, in an interview in Davos, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent described how the US had deliberately engineered the collapse of the Iranian currency, a dollar shortage, and a collapse of imports, all with the goal of fomenting economic suffering and mass unrest. Bessent described the resulting unrest as “moving in a very positive way here.”
The most striking aspect of the US campaign for regime change in Iran is the repeated US insistence that Iran must negotiate. Iran has negotiated, repeatedly. The JCPOA was negotiated and ratified by the UN Security Council. Even after Iran engaged in renewed negotiations last summer, it faced large‑scale air strikes on its territory. Now, the US openly avows the policy of economic collapse and regime change.

美国政府对其经济战策略也直言不讳。1月20日，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特在达沃斯的一次采访中描述了美国如何蓄意策划了伊朗货币崩溃、美元短缺和进口萎缩，其目的均在于煽动经济苦难和大规模动荡。贝森特将由此产生的动荡描述为正“以非常积极的方式发展”。
美国在伊朗推行政权更迭运动中最引人注目的一点是，美方反复坚持伊朗必须进行谈判。而伊朗已经一再进行了谈判。《联合全面行动计划》曾经过谈判并由联合国安理会批准。即使在伊朗去年夏天参与了新一轮谈判之后，其领土仍遭到了大规模空袭。现在，美国公开承认其政策就是导致经济崩溃和政权更迭。

No country is safe if the United States can make brazen threats against Iran and indeed several other states in recent weeks, including Cuba, Denmark, and others.
It is both sad and poignant to recall that the United Nations was the brainchild of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He envisioned an era of great-power cooperation and multilateralism under international law as the basis of international peace and security. His wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, oversaw the drafting and adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The US at that time envisioned an era in which diplomacy would prosper, and a time in which law and justice rather than brute force would prevail, a time when we would honor the words of the Prophet Isaiah inscribed on the wall on First Avenue facing the United Nations: “They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation. Neither shall they learn war any more.”

如果美国可以在最近几周对伊朗以及古巴、丹麦等其他几个国家发出厚颜无耻的威胁，那么没有一个国家是安全的。
回忆起联合国是富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统的构想，既令人悲伤又触动人心。他愿景中的国际和平与安全基础，是国际法框架下的大国合作与多边主义。他的妻子埃莉诺·罗斯福则主持了《世界人权宣言》的起草和通过。

当时的美国憧憬着一个外交繁荣的时代，一个法律和正义而非蛮力盛行的时代，一个我们将践行刻在联合国对面第一大道墙上的先知以赛亚之言的时代：“他们要将刀打成犁头，把枪打成镰刀。这国不举刀攻击那国，他们也不再学习战事。”

To allow the UN Charter to be ruthlessly violated, no less by its host country, is to invite the return to global war, this time in the nuclear age. In other words, it is to invite humanity’s self-destruction. On behalf of We the Peoples, the UN Security Council carries the authority and heavy responsibility to keep the peace.
Sincerely yours,
Jeffrey D. Sachs
University Professor at Columbia University

任由《联合国宪章》遭到无情破坏——更何况是遭到其东道国的破坏——无异于招致全球战争的回归，且这一次是在核时代。换句话说，这无异于招致人类的自我毁灭。联合国安理会代表“我等人民”，肩负着维护和平的权威与重责。
谨致，
杰弗里·D·萨克斯
哥伦比亚大学大学教授

Appendix. I humbly offer below an illustrative Draft Resolution by which the UNSC could fulfill its duty in the current context.
The Security Council,
Recalling the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, in particular the obligation of all Member States to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, as set forth in Article 2(4) of the Charter,
Reaffirming that the maintenance of international peace and security rests upon respect for international law, the authority of the Security Council, and the peaceful settlement of disputes,
Recalling its resolution 2231 (2015), adopted unanimously on 20 July 2015, by which the Security Council endorsed the Joint Comprehensive plan of Action (JCPOA) and called upon all Member States to take actions necessary to support its implementation,

附录。我谨在下方提供一份说明性的决议草案，安理会可借此履行其在当前背景下的职责。
安全理事会，
回顾《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，特别是《宪章》第二条第四项规定的所有会员国均应避免以武力威胁或使用武力侵害任何国家之领土完整或政治独立之义务，
重申维护国际和平与安全取决于对国际法、安全理事会权威及和平解决争端的尊重，

回顾其于2015年7月20日一致通过的第2231（2015）号决议，安全理事会通过该决议认可了《联合全面行动计划》，并呼吁所有会员国采取支持执行该计划所必需的行动，

Reaffirming its commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the need for all States Party to that Treaty to comply fully with their obligations, and recalling the right of States Party, in conformity with Articles I and II of that Treaty, to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination

重申对《不扩散核武器条约》的承诺，强调该条约所有缔约国必须充分履行其义务，并回顾缔约国根据该条约第一条和第二条，享有在无歧视的情况下发展核能的研究、生产和使用的权利。

Acting under the Charter of the United Nations,
1.Calls upon all Member States to immediately and unconditionally cease all threats or uses of force and to comply fully with their obligations under Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations;
2.Acknowledges that the JCPOA constituted a valid multilateral negotiation endorsed by the Security Council, and recognizes that the abandonment of the JCPOA resulted from the unilateral withdrawal of the United States;
3.Decides that, under its authority, the UNSC mandates all States concerned to immediately engage in negotiations to conclude a renewed comprehensive arrangement on the Iranian nuclear issue, building upon the principles of the JCPOA and fully consistent with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;
4.Calls upon all Member States to refrain from actions that undermine diplomatic efforts, escalate tensions, or weaken the authority of the United Nations;
Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

根据《联合国宪章》行事，
1.呼吁所有会员国立即且无条件地停止一切武力威胁或武力使用，并充分履行其在《联合国宪章》第二条第四项下的义务；
2.承认《联合全面行动计划》（JCPOA）构成了经安全理事会认可的有效多边谈判，并确认该计划的被废弃是由美国的单方面退出所导致的；
3.决定由安理会授权，强制要求所有相关国家立即参与谈判，在《联合全面行动计划》原则的基础上，并完全符合《不扩散核武器条约》的前提下，就伊朗核问题达成一份新的全面安排；

4.呼吁所有会员国克制采取任何破坏外交努力、升级紧张局势或削弱联合国权威的行为；
决定继续积极审议此案。