America’s Buried History of White Slavery

《被埋葬的美国白奴史》 拉里·罗曼洛夫


The best way to forget history is to rewrite it. And in the rewriting, to carefully dexe references to any historical events or circumstances we find uncomfortable. Thus, American history books are totally silent on the matter of these white slaves, mostly of European stock with a great number of Irish, but also English and Scottish, who were kidnapped or otherwise forcibly deported to the US as slave labor. In fact, an examination of available documentation indicates that white slavery in the Americas was a much more extensive operation than was black slavery, and the numbers may be severely under-estimated. Several authors have claimed, and I have seen reports that appear credible, that white slaves in America outnumbered the black. In his book, They Were White and They Were Slaves, Michael Hoffman wrote, “Negro slavery was efficiently established in colonial America because Black slaves were governed, organized and controlled by the structures and organization that were first used to enslave and control Whites. Black slaves were late-comers fitted into a system already developed.”

忘记历史的最好方法就是改写历史。
在改写的过程中，要小心地删除任何我们觉得不舒服的历史事件或环境。因此，美国历史书对这些白奴的问题完全沉默，这些白奴大多是欧洲血统，有大量的爱尔兰人，也有英格兰人和苏格兰人，他们被绑架或以其他方式强行驱逐到美国作为奴隶劳工。
事实上，对现有文献的研究表明，美洲的白奴制比黑奴制要广泛得多，而且这个数字可能被严重低估了。有几位作者声称，美国白奴的数量超过黑人，我也看到过一些似乎可信的报道。在他的书《他们是白人，他们是奴隶》中，迈克尔·霍夫曼写道:“黑人奴隶制在殖民时期的美国得以有效建立，因为黑人奴隶是由最初用来奴役和控制白人的结构和组织来管理和控制的。黑人奴隶是适应已经形成的制度的后来者。”

The new nation had a need for cheap labor since the settlers were in the process of exterminating the inhabitants of a large country and taking possession of the lands, but lacked the workers to develop it. These white slaves were more important than the blacks, in both number and economic advantage. One white slave owner, Virginia planter John Pory, stated that white (not black) slaves were the nation’s “principal wealth”. It was due in large part to the overwhelming majority of white slaves that America built its foundations of wealth, since slavery was exclusively a matter of economics and profit. American capitalism was viciously predatory from the days of its birth. One eyewitness to the mass kidnapping of poor Whites estimated that from his personal knowledge alone, at least 10,000 were sold into slavery every year from throughout Great Britain for perhaps two centuries.

这个新国家需要廉价劳动力，因为殖民者正在消灭一个大国的居民并占有土地，但缺乏发展它的工人。这些白人奴隶在数量上和经济上都比黑人重要。一位白人奴隶主，弗吉尼亚州的种植园主约翰·波里说，白人奴隶(不是黑人)是国家的“主要财富”。 美国建立起财富的基础，在很大程度上要归功于绝大多数的白人奴隶，因为奴隶制完全是经济和利润的问题。美国资本主义从诞生之日起就具有恶性掠夺性。一位目睹了大规模绑架贫穷白人事件的目击者估计，仅就他个人所知，大约两个世纪以来，大不列颠各地每年至少有1万人被卖为奴隶。

American history texts make reference to what is called indentured servitude, as a kind of “benignly paternalistic system whereby colonial immigrants spent a few years working off their passage and went on to better things”. The myth is that overseas passage was expensive and British and European civilians willingly signed indentures requiring them to work for a few years to pay off the cost of their passage, after which time they would be given land and their freedom to pursue a glorious future in the New World. But it was no such thing. There may indeed have been a few such indentured persons fitting this descxtion, but they were a minuscule minority with their conditions not better than that suffered by all slaves. In fact, their indentures most often amounted to a life sentence at hard labor, and with a life that would be preciously short when we look at the hideous mortality rates. There are documented records of white convicts asking to be hanged in Britain rather than sent to the gulag that was America.

美国的历史文献提到了所谓的“契约奴役”，认为这是一种“善意的家长式制度，殖民地移民用几年的时间来工作，以偿还他们的生活费，然后去追求更好的生活”。其中的虚幻是，海外航行是昂贵的，英国和欧洲平民自愿签订契约，要求他们工作几年来支付他们的航行费用，之后他们将获得土地和自由，在新世界追求辉煌的未来。
但事实并非如此。也许确实有一些这样的契约人符合这种描述，但他们是极少数，他们的条件并不比所有奴隶所遭受的要好。事实上，他们的契约通常相当于终身苦役，而当我们看到可怕的死亡率时，他们的生命就会变得非常短暂。有文献记载，白人囚犯要求在英国被绞死，而不是被送到美国的“古拉格集中营”。

It is only the elite establishment in America today who present a disingenuously impassioned propaganda to soften the brutality. The fact is that if this indenture process were really the standard, then thousands of the contracts would have survived and our museums would be full of them. There is no evidence of this. Some Jewish and other sympathetic historians pretend that this system of indentures, a kind of privileged form of bound labor, was representative of the entire experience of White bondage in America. But this definition would apply only to those voluntarily binding themselves to service, and of these there were very few, with the contracted indenture being maintained only as a spurious cover for plain and simple lifetime chattel slavery. Even the Whites referred to themselves as slaves who were not better than cattle, and who were by all accounts degraded chattels on a par with farm animals. There is evidence of many hopeful but illiterate migrants who were duped into signing indentures, ignorant of the actual content of the documents that legally designated them as personal property that could be bought and sold, gambled away, or killed without concern like any other animals. In any event, the indentures provided countless excuses for the slave-owners to extend the period of servitude indefinitely, often by 7 years for the most minor of offenses and 10 or 15 years for others. Few escaped.

如今，只有美国的精英阶层才会用虚伪的热情宣传来软化暴行。事实是，如果这种契约过程真的是标准的，那么成千上万的合同将被保存下来，我们的博物馆将装满它们。没有证据证明这一点。一些犹太人和其他有同情心的历史学家假装说，这种契约制度是一种特权形式的束缚劳动，代表了美国白人受奴役的整个经历。但这一定义只适用于那些自愿约束自己服务的人，而这些人很少，合同契约只是作为纯粹的终身动产奴隶制的虚假掩护。
就连白人也把自己说成是不如牛的奴隶，据说他们是与农场动物同等地位的劣等动产。有证据表明，许多有希望但不识字的移民被骗签署了契约，对法律上指定他们为个人财产的文件的实际内容一无所知，这些文件可以像其他动物一样被买卖、赌博或杀害。无论如何，契约为奴隶主无限期延长奴役期提供了无数借口，最轻微的罪行通常是7年，其他罪行通常是10年或15年。只有少数逃脱了。

The slave traders exerted grand efforts in inducing free whites to sign indentures, supposedly placing themselves in ‘temporary’ slavery with the promise of 50 acres of farmland at the end of the indenture term, but this was nothing more than a despicable racket. The promised lands were entrusted to the slave-owner on the understanding the land titles would later pass to the slaves, but these land rights could be forfeited for almost any reason, including laziness, with the land titles then becoming the master’s rightful property. Many slave-owners purchased large numbers of these so-called indentured persons and quickly concocted excuses to seize all the entrusted lands, occasionally with a gift and a wink to the relevant authorities. Certainly, hundreds of thousands and potentially millions of acres of fertile land were obtained in this manner, with many slave-owners accumulating vast estates and great wealth, which is precisely why this “benignly paternalistic” system was created. Indentured servitude was never more than an immense and cruel fraud.

奴隶贩子竭尽全力诱使自由白人签订契约，据说他们会在契约期满时得到50英亩农田的承诺，让自己成为“临时”奴隶，但这只不过是卑鄙的骗局。应许之地被委托给奴隶主，前提是土地所有权后来会转移给奴隶，但这些土地权利几乎可以因任何原因被剥夺，包括懒惰，土地所有权随后成为奴隶主的合法财产。许多奴隶主购买了大量这些所谓的契约人，并迅速编造借口夺取所有委托土地，有时还向有关当局赠送礼物和贿赂。当然，以这种方式获得了数十万甚至可能数百万英亩的肥沃土地，许多奴隶主积累了大量的财产和巨额财富，这正是这种“仁慈的家长式”制度被创造出来的原因。
契约奴役只不过是一场巨大而残酷的欺诈
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


One author wrote that historians deliberately maintain the fallacy that “wherever White ‘servants’ constituted the majority of servile laborers, they worked in privileged or even luxurious conditions which were forbidden to Blacks. In truth, White Slaves were often restricted to doing the dirty, backbreaking field work while Blacks and even Indians were taken into the plantation mansion houses to work as domestics.” A Major named Mordecai Manuel Noah, who was described as “the most distinguished Jewish layman of his time”, promoted slavery by equating it with freedom. Incredibly, he made pronouncements like this: “There is liberty under the name of slavery. A field Negro has his cottage, his wife, and children, his easy task, his little patch of corn and potatoes, his garden and fruit, which are his revenue and property. The house servant has handsome clothing, his luxurious meals, his admitted privacy, a kind master, and an indulgent and frequently fond mistress.”

一位作者写道，历史学家故意坚持一种谬论，即“凡是白人‘仆人’占奴隶劳工多数的地方，他们就在黑人禁止的特权甚至奢侈的条件下工作。”事实上，白人奴隶经常被限制从事肮脏、繁重的田间劳动，而黑人甚至印第安人则被带到种植园的豪宅里做家仆。”
一位名叫莫迪凯·曼努埃尔·诺亚的少校被形容为“那个时代最杰出的犹太门外汉”，他把奴隶制等同于自由，以此来推广奴隶制。令人难以置信的是，他发表了这样的声明:“在奴隶制的名义下有自由。一个有田黑人有他的小屋，他的妻子和孩子，他轻松地工作，他的一小块玉米和土豆，他的花园和水果，这些都是他的收入和财产。仆人有漂亮的衣服，奢华的食物，公认的隐私，一个善良的主人，和一个纵容的，经常是宠爱的情妇。”
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


David W. Galenson wrote a treatise titled ‘White Slavery entitled White Servitude in Colonial America’, in which he stated, “European men and women could exercise choice both in deciding whether to migrate to the colonies and in choosing possible destinations.” These comments, and so many more like them, are pure fiction, very large lies meant to erase the evil of centuries. White slaves were obtained from the poorest levels of British society who were regarded as expendable by the ruling class. Economists advocated the enslavement of poor Whites because they saw them as the cheapest and most effective way to develop the colonies in the New World while ridding themselves of the surplus poor who were “unprofitable” to England. As American agriculture expanded, landowners demanded the legalisation of the practice of kidnapping poor Whites for slavery. Parliamentary legislation was passed to specifically permit the capture of White children, with this becoming what we can call an “open hunting season” on the poor of Great Britain as well as anyone the British aristocracy happened to despise.

戴维德·W·嘉伦森写了一篇名为《美国殖民地的白人奴役》的论文，他在论文中写道，“欧洲男人和女人可以在决定是否移民到殖民地和选择可能的目的地方面进行选择。” 这些言论，还有很多类似的言论，都是纯粹的虚构，是为了抹去几个世纪以来的邪恶而编造的弥天大谎。白人奴隶来自英国社会最贫困的阶层，他们被统治阶级视为消耗品。
经济学家主张奴役贫穷的白人，因为他们认为这是开发新大陆殖民地最便宜、最有效的方式，同时也能摆脱对英国“无利可图”的剩余穷人。随着美国农业的扩张，土地所有者要求将绑架贫穷白人为奴的做法合法化。议会通过立法，明确允许抓捕白人儿童，这成为了我们所说的“开放狩猎季节”，针对英国的穷人以及英国贵族碰巧鄙视的任何人。

Given the secrecy of the entire matter of white slavery, it isn’t surprising that few are aware that a great many of the slaves deported to the Americas or Australia were not convicts as the record states, but were actually political prisoners and political dissidents, and many more were prisoners of war. England in particular made a point of rounding up every political dissident of substance, imprisoning them, then deporting them as ‘convicts’. It was also a policy of England to cooperate with the slave traders in permitting what were called “slave-hunting gangs” who roamed freely throughout the country and vacuumed up virtually anyone not looking rich, this process viewed with much approval by the British aristocracy. It was Henry Cromwell who ordered all the homeless poor throughout Great Britain to be captured and deported by the slave traders, for being “unprofitable to the Realm”.

考虑到整个白人奴隶制问题的秘密性，很少有人意识到，许多被驱逐到美洲或澳大利亚的奴隶并不是记录中所说的罪犯，而是实际上是政治犯和持不同政见者，更多的是战俘，这一点也不奇怪。
英国尤其注重把所有持不同政见者都抓起来，关进监狱，然后作为“罪犯”驱逐出境。英国的一项政策是与奴隶贩子合作，允许所谓的“猎奴团伙”在全国各地自由游荡，几乎把任何看起来不富有的人都抓走，这一过程得到了英国贵族的广泛认可。正是亨利·克伦威尔下令，以“对王国无利可图”为由，将全英国所有无家可归的穷人抓捕并驱逐出境。

Laws permitted the seizure of any persons in any part of England who appeared to be vagrant, or who were begging, and to have them conveyed to a British port and shipped to America to be sold. Accordingly, judges ordered the enslavement and shipping to America the total number of “those who made life unpleasant for the British upper class”. Westerners are generally aware that Australia was populated almost entirely with convicts from British prisons, but few are aware that the New World of America was initially populated in the same way from the same sources. The government of England virtually emptied its prisons, transporting most of its convicts, both men and women, to America to be sold to plantation owners and other industrialists, and brothels were forcibly emptied to provide unwilling human breeding stock for American slave-owners.

法律允许在英国任何地方扣押任何看起来是流浪汉或乞讨的人，并将他们运送到英国港口，然后运往美国出售。因此，法官下令将“那些使英国上层阶级生活不愉快的人”的人奴役并运往美国。
西方人一般都知道，澳大利亚几乎全是来自英国监狱的囚犯，但很少有人知道，美洲新大陆最初也是以同样的方式从同样的来源来的。英国政府几乎清空了监狱，将大部分男女囚犯运送到美国，卖给种植园主和其他实业家;妓院也被强行清空，为美国奴隶主提供不情愿的人类繁殖资源。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


The historical record tells us that “American slave-owners quickly began breeding the white women for both their own personal pleasure and for greater profit”, but this expression denies a brutal truth. The white women, especially the Irish, were simply stripped naked and repeatedly raped until they were pregnant, then kept in that condition. Children of slaves were themselves slaves, which increased the size of the master’s free workforce. Even if an Irish woman managed to obtained her freedom, her children would remain slaves and she would seldom abandon them, thereby remaining in servitude. Other American masters found a better way to use these white women – who were in many cases girls as young as ten or twelve – to increase their market value by breeding them with African men to produce slaves with a “mulatto” complexion which brought a higher price than their Irish livestock.

历史记载告诉我们，“美国奴隶主为了自己的个人快乐和更大的利益，很快就开始繁殖白人妇女”，但这种说法否认了一个残酷的事实。白人妇女，尤其是爱尔兰人，被剥光衣服，反复强奸，直到怀孕，然后一直处于这种状态。奴隶的子女本身就是奴隶，这增加了主人自由劳动力的规模。即使一个爱尔兰妇女设法获得了自由，她的孩子仍然是奴隶，她很少抛弃他们，因此仍然处于奴役状态。其他美国奴隶主找到了一个更好的办法，利用这些白人妇女——其中许多是年仅10岁或12岁的女孩——与非洲男人一起繁殖，生育出具有“黑白混血”肤色的奴隶，从而提高她们的市场价值，这比他们的爱尔兰牲畜的价格更高。

This practice of interbreeding White females with African men became so long-term and widespread that legislation was passed forbidding the practice because this production of offspring interfered with the profits of a large Jewish slave trader. The more perverse versions of Judaism also played a part. One of the reasons the African slave trade began was that African slaves were “not tainted with the stain of the hated Catholic theology” that infected the Irish. In part because of this, African slaves became more expensive to purchase and were often treated far better than their White counterparts. Black slaves were indeed cruelly used but not often worked to death as were the Whites who were available for almost nothing and were fully expendable. Upon arrival in America, these White British would be stripped naked, put in chains, and paraded on the auction floor where they were probed, examined and sold like livestock.

这种白人女性与非洲男性杂交的做法变得如此长期和普遍，以至于立法禁止了这种做法，因为这种后代的出现干扰了一个大型犹太奴隶商人的利润。更为反常的犹太教版本也起到了一定作用。非洲奴隶贸易开始的原因之一是，非洲奴隶“没有沾染上感染了爱尔兰人的令人讨厌的天主教神学的污点”。
基于这部分原因，购买非洲奴隶变得更加昂贵，而且他们的待遇往往比白人好得多。黑人奴隶确实被残酷地使用，但不像白人那样经常工作到死，白人几乎是免费的，完全是可牺牲的。一到美国，这些英国白人就会被剥光衣服，戴上镣铐，在拍卖场上游街示众，在那里他们像牲畜一样被探查、检查和出售。
（未完待续）