欧盟圈分享：各国存在哪些本国独有的、造成民众思想分裂的问题？

bozezone
Whether Homeopathy should be paid for by health insurance. It is proven to be 100% placebo and otherwise completely useless, but it is such a massive industry with a big political lobby and many followers that insurances continue to spend 100s of millions of our money for sugar pills. This angers every rational German, but isn’t likely to change soon.
This is a very specific problem for Germans. Similarly, we also have a large subculture of “Anthroposophie”, a pseudoscientific movement that started here in the late 1800s and remains unbelievably popular.

（德）顺势疗法是否应该由健康保险偿付。已经证明了顺势疗法是100%的安慰剂，在其他方面完全无用，但这是一个巨大的产业，背后有一个规模很大的政治游说团体和诸多追随者，健保继续把我们的钱花在买这些糖丸上。这触怒了每一个理性的德国人，但这种现状不太可能很快改变。
对德国人来说这是一个非常确切的问题。类似地，我们也存在一种声势浩大的亚文化，即“人智学”亚文化，这是十九世纪末始于我们德国的一场伪科学运动，直到今天，流行程度仍高到离谱。
（译注：人智学是由神秘主义者鲁道夫施泰纳创立的唯灵论运动，它假设存在一个客观的、智力上可理解的精神世界，人类经验可以访问）

It still amazes me how those “alternative medicine” (and also being against vaccines) are so popular in the German-speaking world. Even in Italy, the small German speaking minority had the lowest rates of covid vaccination

（回，意）这些“替代医学”（以及反对疫苗）在德语世界中受欢迎的程度之高仍然让我惊讶。即使是在意大利，讲德语的少数族裔接种新冠疫苗的比例也是最低的。

Nazis made it popular.

（回，德）是纳粹使其流行。
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It's that 19th century Romantic spirit...

（回，美）这是十九世纪的浪漫主义精神...

Robot_4_jarvis
The territorial structure of the State and everything that stems from it:
the Catalan independence conflict, the pardons for their leaders, etc
the place of Catalan, Basque and Galician and the public policies related to it (should they be required for civil servants? should education be imparted entirely in those languages, or partially? if partially, to what extent?)
In part, some of these issues should be specific for the regions concerned by them, but for certain political groups, talking about the use of Spanish in Catalonia gives them votes in other parts of Spain, so usually you hear about it in national news.

（西）国家的地域结构以及由此衍生出的一切问题。
加泰罗尼亚的独立冲突、对其领导人的赦免等等。
加泰罗尼亚语、巴斯克语和加利西亚语的地位（排名）以及与之相关的公共政策（是否应该要求公务员掌握这些语言，是否应该完全用这些语言进行授教，还是使用其中的一部分？如果部分使用，用到何种程度？）
从某种程度上说，这些问题中有一部分应该是它们所涉及的地区独有的问题，但对某些政治团体来说，谈论在加泰罗尼亚地区使用西班牙语能让他们在西班牙其他地区获得选票，所以你常会在国家新闻中听到这个问题。

Then there is the stuff related to the Royal Family and, more specifically, the former king and his adventures with exlovers, tax agencies and arab petrostates.
Another thing that some and then comes into the news are the love hate triangle formed by Spain, Morocco and Argelia Algeria. And the other three elements that also play into the conflict: the Western Sahara, African migrants and gas.
And, or course, there are always some news about a corruption case.
addendum: there is also stuff about Franco and the dictatorship being debated.

再有就是和皇室有关的事情，更确切地说，是前国王以及他在前情人、税务机构和阿拉伯石油国家展开的冒险。
还有一个问题，就是西班牙、摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚构成的爱恨交织的三角关系。还有其他三个因素也在这场冲突中发挥作用：西撒哈拉、非洲移民和天然气问题。
当然了，也总会出现一些关于腐败案件的新闻。
补缺：也会就佛朗哥及其独裁统治的话题展开辩论。

trotskys_ghost
It's not as hot and pressing as the gun debate in the US or some other examples, but the question of Irish unification can be quite divisive.

（爱尔兰）这个问题不像美国的枪支辩论或其他一些例子那么有热度/紧迫，但爱尔兰的统一问题可能会造成相当大的分裂。
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The majority of people in the Republic are in favour of unification but the division emerges when the process and details are discussed. There are very differing views on what, if any, concessions should be offered to placate the loyalist community in Northern Ireland. That as well as things like should NI be allowed to keep their devolved government, how do the health systems and school systems become merged, what happens to the status of Irish as an official state language (and one that is mandatory in schools) and many more.

爱尔兰共和国的大部分人民都赞成统一，但在讨论过程和细节时，这种分歧就出现了。对于应该作出哪些（如果真能作出什么让步的话）让步来安抚北爱尔兰地区的效忠派群体（译注：即支持北爱尔兰留在英国），人们的意见分歧很大。这一点，以及诸如是否应该允许北爱尔兰保留其自治政府，卫生系统和学校系统的合并方式，爱尔兰语国家官方语言之地位会发生什么变化（而且学校会强制要求学习这门语言）等问题。
（译注：1999年，北爱尔兰议会推举成立由北爱尔兰多党分享权力的北爱尔兰自治政府。英国向北爱尔兰移交地方事务管理权，而爱尔兰放弃对北爱尔兰领土的主权要求）
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Basically it is a question of; in the case of unification, should NI become a semi-autonomous region of Ireland similar to how it is within the UK, does it just become folded into Ireland with no devolution, or do we try and build an entirely new state from the merger and what would that state look like.

基本上，这个问题是这样的：在统一的情况下，北爱尔兰是否应该成为爱尔兰的一个半自治的地区（类似于北爱尔兰留在英国境内的情况），是否应该直接被并入爱尔兰而不作权力下放，或者我们是否要试着通过这次合并建立一个全新的国家，以及这样一个新国家会是什么样子。

how big is the role of religion these days in Ireland, does it also still play a (major) role in the unification plans?

（回，德）现在，宗教对爱尔兰的影响有多大，在各种统一计划中是否仍然发挥着（主要）作用？

Not for anyone in the Republic. We have come a long way in the last two or three decades when the Church was so dominant. Most Irish people want the church to stay in its own little box and not touch anything outside its remit. Too many scandals.
Unfortunately they do still hold ownership of many institutions such as schools and hospitals, as well as a mind boggling property portfolio so they can exert their influence in some ways even if it is limited.
No one wants the Catholic church anywhere near unification.

（回，爱尔兰）对爱尔兰共和国的任何国民都没有什么影响力。在过去的二三十年里（当时教会的支配地位非常显著），我们经历了漫长的跋涉。大部分爱尔兰人希望教会老老实实待在自己小小的职权范围内，不要去染指它职权范围以外的任何东西。他们爆出的丑闻太多了。
不幸的是，很多机构的所有权仍然归他们，比如学校和医院，以及多到令人难以置信的物业组合，因此他们能够以某些方式施加其影响力，尽管是有限的。
没有任何人希望天主教会染指统一。

Captain_Grammaticus
I don't know if this relevant in other countries too, but here, the return of wolves (and also lynxes and bears, but lynxes don't eat as many sheep and there is no permanent bear population) as part of the environment and ecosystem is a rather hot debate. The people in mountaineous regions who are hunters and sheep- and cattlekeepers fear for their livestock and wish for a tighter control of wolf population. People in the cities think it's kinda cool that they're back. As of now, the killing of every single wolf needs to be approved individually by the cantonal government.

（瑞士）我不知道其他国家是否存在这类问题，但在我们这里，狼（还有猞猁和熊，但被猞猁吃掉的羊没有那么多，而熊的种群也不是一直都存在）作为环境和生态系统一部分的回归是相当火热的辩论话题。山区的猎人、养羊人和养牛人担心他们的牲畜，也希望对狼的种群进行更加严格的控制。城里人则认为这些野兽回来了是件挺酷的事情。到目前为止，杀死每一头狼都需要得到州政府的单独批准。

Same thing here in Norway, mountain brother!
Urban people like, are often more enviromentaly-focused in their reasonings, and cote ethics about taking lives. Country people are thinking abput their livelihoods and are probably a bit too scared for their won safety (despite the very rate occurence of wolf attacks on humans)

（回）在挪威也存在这个问题，山民兄弟们！
市区人在其论证中，往往更聚焦于环境，以及夺取生命时的Côte伦理（译注：Côte即零残忍）。乡下人考虑的则是自己的生计，可能还有点担心自身的安全（尽管狼攻击人的事件发生率很低）。

There's also a debate about this in Scotland. Wolves were exterminated in the 1600s, but now the wild deer population is out of control (could also be solved with more hunting IMO, but we already shoot 100,000 per year with no effect) and reintroducing wolves has been discussed since the 1960s. The ecology would support wolves just fine, but as in other countries, farmers fear for their livestock and the public fears for their safety.

（回，英格兰）在苏格兰，针对这个问题也存在辩论。那里的狼在十六世纪就被消灭殆尽了，但现在野生鹿的种群数量已经失控了（在我看来更多的狩猎可以解决这个问题，但我们每年射杀的鹿已经达到10万只了，却没有任何效果），重新引进狼的问题自六十年代起就开始讨论了。这里的生态环境，供养狼群是没有问题的，但就和其他国家一样，农民们担心他们的牲畜，而公众担心自己的安全。

There was at least one small trial of wolf reintroduction in a secret area, which went well, but there are no plans to reintroduce them on a large scale. A lot of the Highlands is open grazing land, and sheep outnumber deer 2 to 1 while sharing a habitat with them. I can well understand sheep farmers being opposed to this.

以前在某个秘密地区，至少进行过一次小规模引进狼的实验，实验进展很顺利，但没有大规模重新引进它们的计划。苏格兰高地的很多地方都是开放的牧场，羊的数量多于鹿，比率达到了2比1，而且与鹿共享同一片栖息地。养羊人反对这么做，我是完全可以理解的。

Rhathymiaz
Currently the Farmers Crisis, which is actually a nitrogen crisis.
Nitrogen levels are high in the Netherlands and the government needs to make some drastic policy changes to reduce the nitrogen levels or else nature will be damaged (even more). One of those policy changes is that we need to reduce the amount of cattle. In the last few decades cattle production has grown exponentially and made us one of the largest cattle export countries in the world. Now they have to reverse that growth and farmers are not having it. They’ve been protesting for the last few years, but in the last weeks it’s almost daily and affecting citizens in daily life. Especially since they’ve started to set hay bales and even asbestos on fire on the highways is driving a wedge between groups. They’re endangering human lives with those actions and former sympathisers are now against them. I don’t think they’re done just yet, especially now that government is in summer recess. I wonder what happens when they return next fall!

（荷）目前的农民危机，实质上是氮排放危机。
荷兰的氮含量很高，政府必须作出一些极端的政策改变，才能降低氮含量，否则大自然将受到伤害（甚至是更大的伤害）。其中的一项政策变化是：我们需要减少牛的数量。在过去的几十年里，牛只的产量呈现指数式增长，这也使我们成为全世界最大的牛只出口国之一。现在，他们不得不去逆转这种增长，而农民们并不接受。在过去几年中他们一直在抗议，但在过去几周，抗议几乎每天都在进行，而且影响到了国民的日常生活。特别是，他们已经开始在高速公路上焚烧干草捆，甚至石棉，这便破坏了各群体间的关系。他们的这些行为正在危害人们的生命，以前同情他们的人现在都反对他们了。我认为他们现在还没有消停，尤其是，现在政府正处于夏季休会期间。我很想知道他们明年秋天回来时会发生什么。

I don't think it is actually a nitrogen crisis, nitrogen is just the straw that broke the camels back. The scale of cattle farming in the Netherlands just doesn't make any sense, I read the other day that almost half of the country is covered in farmland that only serves to feed all of our livestock. The amount of subsidies and land it takes and the amount of pollution it generates, not just nitrogen, but also methane, is huge and has been unacceptable for decades.

（回，荷）我不认为其实质是一场氮排放危机，氮排放只是压垮骆驼的最后那根稻草。在荷兰，养牛的规模根本就不合理，有一天我读到，荷兰有几乎一半的土地都被以农地的形式占用，其唯一的作用就是养活我们所有的牲畜。它所占用的补贴和土地数量及其产生的污染，不仅仅是氮，还有甲烷，都是巨大的，而且几十年来，这种情况一直都是公众无法接受的。
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Myzzelf0
Probably nuclear energy. It produces about 70% of our electricity but many oppose it. Very contentious issue overall, and quite specific to france considering how important it is for us. Its kind of our version of German gas or American oil.

（法）可能是核能。它产出了我们约七成的电力，但有很多人反对它。总的来说，这是一个争议性很强的问题，而且考虑到这个问题对我们的重要性，也算是法国特有的问题。它有点像法国版本的德国天然气问题或美国石油问题。

Otherwise, historical figures are highly debated, like Maréchal Petain, who was a great military leader during ww1 but a tyrant during ww2, or Napoléon, who revived the flames of the revolution, conquered half of europe and spread ideas that shaped our nation, but who also murdered countless civilians, burnt down half of europe, and basically re established an absolute monarchy.

另外，历史人物也存在很大的争议，比如贝当元帅，他在第一次世界大战期间是一名伟大的军事领袖，但在第二次世界大战期间成为了暴君，或是拿破仑，他重新燃起了革命的火焰，征服了半个欧洲，将塑造了我们这个民族的思想播散了出去，但他也杀害了无数平民，烧毁了半个欧洲，而且重新建立了一个（实质上的）君主专制。

maximows
We do have the LGBT debate, the EU laws debate but I think it’s a very fake wedge that’s only used by the governing party on their state television to rile up and scare their voters. I believe that if a different party won and focused on other things, people wouldn’t see these as issues.

（波）我们确实存在针对LGBT和欧盟法律的辩论，但我认为这是一个非常假的楔子，只被执政党用来在他们的国家电视台上激怒和吓唬他们的选民。我相信，如果另一个政党获胜并专注于其他问题，人们就不会再把这些看作是问题。

Al_Dutaur_Balanzan
I guess from an Italian point of view, it's the legacy of fascism. It really doesn't go away completely and occasionally pops up depending on the political climate.
Like right now, Draghi's government collapsed and we are headed for a snap election in September in which the party called Fratelli d'Italia is expected to be the first or second biggest party in parliament and which will probably express the prime minister.

（意）我想，从意大利人的角度来看，是法西斯主义的遗产。它还真不会彻底消失，而且，根据政治气候的变化，偶尔会突然冒出来。
就像现在，德拉吉的政府倒台了，我们将在九月举行一次临时选举，在这次选举中，名为Fratelli d'Italia（意大利兄弟党）的政党预计将成为议会中的第一或第二大党，而这可能会让他们问鼎总理。

FdI professes to be a post fascist party, but there are a lot of things that don't match their claims. From their symbol, which shows a tricolor flame and is the same used by the MSI, a party founded in 1946 by veterans of the Social republic of Salò, which was a puppet state of the Nazis, to the candidates they have, like Caio Giulio Cesare Mussolini, to the many occasions where their representatives were caught in situations showing them making the fascist salute, dining in restaurants with a bust of Mussolini, their youth division partaking in neonazi camps, etc. They shake off criticisms by saying that their opponents are stuck in the past.
Their opponents are currently running an haphazard campaign on the claim "vote us or the fascists will take over".

意大利兄弟党自称是后法西斯主义政党，但他们很多方面的情况都和他们的说法不符。从他们的标志，即三色火焰，和MSI（即“意大利社会运动”，是一个由萨洛共和国的退伍军人在1946年成立的政党，该政权是纳粹的一个傀儡国）使用的标志一样，到他们的候选人，比如卡欧·朱利奥·切萨雷·墨索里尼，再到他们的代表多次被抓到在不同场合向法西斯致敬，在有墨索里尼半身像的餐厅用餐，他们的青年部加入新纳粹营地，等等。而他们摆脱批评的方法是，指责他们的对手停留在过去。
目前，他们的对手正在组织一场杂乱无章的竞选活动，他们声称：“投票给我们，否则法西斯分子就会接管”。
（译注：萨洛共和国即意大利社会共和国（1943-1945），由墨索里尼建立）

just_let_me_sleep_
In Slovakia, the biggest problem recently are bears. Their population seems to grow and they are spreading in more inhabited areas, in the last 2-3 there have been numerous attacks ( I don't recall if any of them very deadly or not) - bears attacking cyclists, tourists, people on walks, groups in the forest's... The mister of environment said that people don't need to be afraid, bears obviously don't eat people or meat, according to him, they are herbivores...

（斯洛伐克）在最近的斯洛伐克，最严重的问题是熊。它们的种群数量似乎越来越多，而且正在向更多的居民区扩张，在过去的两三年里，发生的袭击事件数不胜数（其中是否有非常致命的案例我不记得了），熊攻击骑行客、游客、散步的人、森林中的人群。环境部长说，人们不需要害怕，显然熊不吃人也不吃肉，根据他的说法，它们是食草动物…

Veilchengerd
The introduction of a speed limit on the Autobahn. 57% of the population are in favour of introducing some kind of speed limit, but whenever the topic is brought up in public debate, the conservative press goes absolutely apeshit and culture warrior-y.
It's almost like the US' Second Amendment rows, but with cars.

（德）在高速公路上引进限速。57%的人赞成引进某种速度限制，可是，每当在公开辩论中提到这个话题时，保守派媒体就会怒不可遏，变身为文化战士。
这简直就像美国的宪法第二修正案，不过是针对汽车的。

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