如果我们用核武器攻击太阳会发生什么？
What would happen if we nuked the Sun?
译文简介
现在，如果你指的是距离地球约9300万英里的G2V黄矮星(距离利物浦为1.5亿公里)，即使你可以再造一个“沙皇炸弹”，然后把它扔到太阳上，它也不会有任何作用。
正文翻译
What would happen if we nuked the Sun?
如果我们用核武器攻击太阳会发生什么？
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Send “a” nuke? That’s like throwing a grain of sand in the ocean and expecting to see some significant result. Send all our nukes (every one on the planet) and it’d be like throwing a stone the size of, say a cigarette lighter flint, into Lake Michigan.
The sun is a thermonuclear furnace of immense size and mass. It runs by fusion of atomic materials like a hydrogen bomb. Our puny H-bombs are a fraction of its output every second. Our smaller, fission devices (A-Bombs) aren’t even a millisecond of the sun’s output.
The reason is something called relative scale. Here’s a photo of a scale model of our solar system.
Any more questions?
扔核武器？这就像往海里扔了一粒沙子，然后期待看到一些重要的结果。把我们所有的核武器(地球上的每一个)都扔过去，就像把一个打火机大小的石头扔进密歇根湖一样。
太阳是一个巨大的热核熔炉。它通过原子材料的聚变来运转，就像氢弹一样。我们的氢弹只是它每秒输出量的一小部分。我们更小的裂变装置(原子弹)的辐射量甚至不到太阳辐射量的一毫秒。
原因在于所谓的相对尺度。这是一张我们太阳系的比例模型的照片。
还有什么问题吗？
The scale of things in the Cosmos never ceases to astonish me. There are stars that make our Sun look dinky. And our Sun is 99% of the mass of our system.
宇宙万物的规模总是让我惊讶不已。有些恒星系让我们的太阳看起来很渺小。太阳的质量是整个系统的99%
Just one small correction - the biggest bomb we ever made released as much energy as one second of sunlight striking Earth - the actual output of the sun in one second is about a billion times larger.
这里提供一个小的修正：我们制造的最大的炸弹释放的能量相当于太阳光照射地球的一秒，而太阳在一秒内的实际输出大约是这个数的十亿倍。
9 orders of magnitude isn’t really a small correction.
9个数量级并不是一个小的修正。
To be honest I was pretty surprised to learn that Earth absorbs a billionth of the sun’s energy, it's many orders of magnitude higher than I would have guessed.
That said, I take your point.
说实话，当我得知地球吸收了太阳十亿分之一的能量时，我非常惊讶，这比我想象的要高很多个数量级。
不过我同意你的观点。
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The Sun’s energy goes out in all directions from it.
The Earth is really far away, and really small (small in comparison).
So the best way to picture it intuitively is that the Sun’s radiating light goes off in every direction, and only a very tiny bit of it hits the Earth.
太阳的能量向四面八方发散。
地球真的很远，而且真的很小(相比之下很小)。
所以最直观的描述方法就是太阳的辐射光向各个方向发散，只有很小的一部分照射到地球上。
Kinda makes you feel tiny, right?
会让你觉得自己很渺小，对吧?
You should check out some of those universe size comparison videos. By the end of the video you begin to realize that we as a species honestly don't matter in the grand scheme of things. We really are just some infinitely tiny speck. It's humbling really.
你应该看看那些宇宙大小比较的视频。在视频的最后，你会开始意识到，我们作为一个物种，真的不重要。我们真的只是一个无限小的微粒。这是羞辱。
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Also, the sun is actually nuking itself all the time. The sun is actually a nuclear reaction happening all the time. So if you add a tiny tiny tiny nuclear explosion from a bomb, it would be insignificant, and it would already be doing the same thing the sun is doing.
此外，太阳实际上一直在核攻击自己。太阳实际上是一个一直在发生的核反应堆。
所以如果你加上一个非常非常非常小的核弹爆炸，那就微不足道了，它已经在做和太阳一样的事情了。
I find a good way of thinking about how big the Sun is, is to consider that the Sun is losing 4 tons of mass per second, has been doing so for billions of years, and will continue to do so for another couple billion years before anything really noticeable happens.
我找到了一个很好的思考太阳有多大的方法，那就是考虑太阳正在以每秒4吨的速度失去质量，这样的情况已经持续了数十亿年，而且还将继续持续几十亿年直到真正显著的事情发生。
The mind boggles when we try to grasp how insignificant we are in the cosmos. Our tiny blue marble pales in comparison to the size of the sun (Sol). And yet…
Our sun is nothing remarkable or enormous. Not in the scale of the universe’s stars. At some point the mind just cannot grasp how enormous some planets and stars really are.
当我们试图理解我们在宇宙中是多么的微不足道时，我们的大脑会感到惊讶。我们小小的蓝色大理石与太阳(太阳)的大小相比相形见绌。然而,……
我们的太阳并不是什么了不起的、巨大的东西。在宇宙恒星的规模下不是的。在某种程度上，我们的大脑无法理解某些行星和恒星究竟有多么巨大。
In reality our sun is actually quite Big, at least compared to the rest of the 99% of stars our sin is both really big and really shiny, is just that that 1% is composed of true monsters which are on a weight clases of their own, but those stars are the exception not the rule
事实上，我们的太阳实际上相当大，至少与其余99%的恒星相比，我们的太阳既大又亮，只是那1%是由真正的怪物组成的，它们有自己的重量等级，但那些恒星是例外，而不是常规。
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Well, in the frxwork of chaos theory, dropping a grain of sand in the ocean can have disastrous consequences.
在混沌理论的框架下，在海洋中丢一粒沙子会带来灾难性的后果。
Oh, so that’s why we have global warming. As a kid, I tossed sand into the ocean. Sorry, didn't know that would happen. PS Read the poem about that guy who was hesitant about eating a peach. Ignore the part where he shoots himself in the head.
哦，所以这就是全球变暖的原因。
小时候，我往海里扔沙子。对不起，我不知道会这样。
编辑：读过一首诗，是关于那个犹豫要不要吃桃子的人，忽略他朝自己脑袋开枪的部分。
Ugh i bet when i peed in the ocean i upset the current and water temperature
我敢打赌，我在海里撒尿的时候，肯定弄乱了洋流和水温。
Then we’d better stop the billions of grains of sand that get washed back and forth by the tides and those nasty Sahara storms which can dump huge amounts of sand everywhere. And don’t get me started on all those dangerous rivers.
Meanwhile, I’m working out exactly where on the sun I need to drop my bomb.
那我们最好阻止数以十亿计的沙粒被潮汐和可恶的撒哈拉风暴来回冲刷，这些风暴会把大量的沙粒倾倒到各处。别让我提及那些危险的河流。
与此同时，我正在计算我要在太阳上的确切位置投放炸弹。
Still a long way from building death star. But knowing us, I know we'll get there sooner than we think.
要造死星还有很长的路要走。但以我对我们的了解，我知道我们会比想象中更快到达那里。
Okay, now…what if we threw an Earth-sized ball of pure hydrogen into the Sun?
好吧，现在如果我们仍一团地球大小的纯氢气到太阳里会怎样？
Amusing question. Short answer: Not a whole lot would happen.
Without getting too deeply into the mathematics, let me ask you at what speed this blob of H2 is moving towards the sun? Let’s just use 40 Km/sec. Earth normally orbits the sun at around 30 Km/sec so 40 is a reasonable number. That’s roughly 89,500 mph. For convenience round it up to 90,000 mph.
So our ball of H2 has to travel 92,960,000 (92.96 million miles) moving at 90,000 mph. From 1 AU (earth’s orbit) it’ll take 1,032 hours to reach the sun — about 43 days, not counting an acceleration due to gravitational pull. But will it reach the sun at all?
有趣的问题。简短的回答是:不会发生太多事情。
无需太深入的数学，我来问一下氢气团以什么速度向太阳移动?我们假设40千米/秒。正常情况下，地球绕太阳公转的速度约为30公里/秒，所以40是一个合理的数字。大约是89500英里每小时。为了方便起见，时速可达9万英里。
所以氢气团要以每小时9万英里的速度飞驰9296万英里从1个天文单位(地球轨道)出发，需要1032个小时才能到达太阳，这还不包括引力带来的加速度，大约需要43天。但它最终会到达太阳吗?
在整整43天里，它将受到太阳风的轰击。太阳风是由来自太阳的带电粒子(电子和质子)组成的。有速度约为400公里/秒的太阳风，也有速度约为800公里/秒的太阳风。这些风的温度在80万到140万摄氏度之间。太阳风会撞击地球大小的氢气球，如果没有磁层的保护，太阳风会在43天内每天每秒剥离数千万个粒子。
我们离太阳越近，太阳风的密度就越大(也可能更热)。这将加速太阳风造成的质量损失。如果你的氢气球到达太阳，它会比它开始时小得多。
My best guess is — not much will happen.The sun would barely notice it had been fed about 260 billion cubic miles of Hydrogen. In terms of “adding fuel to the fire” I think it’d be like comparing all the fuel emitted by the fuel injector nozzles of a NASCAR engine for 1 second to the amount of fuel the engine used for the entire race.
Volume of sun: 339,116 trillion cubic miles(!!)
Volume of Earth: 260 billion cubic miles
太阳大约比地球大130万倍。即使减少的氢气球接近太阳，我认为引力会在它变得超级热之前把它像纱线球一样分开。
我的最佳猜测是——不会发生太多事情。太阳几乎不会注意到它已经得到了大约2600亿立方英里的氢气。
太阳的体积:339116万亿立方英里
地球体积:2600亿立方英里
“Send all our nukes (every one on the planet) and it’d be like throwing a stone the size of, say a cigarette lighter flint, into Lake Michigan.”
The total megaton capacity of all nuclear weapons on Earth is about 7000
megatons.
The amount of energy from the sun that just hits Earth every minute is 65000 megatons.
I’m pretty sure all our nuclear weapons hitting the sun at once, would be like a tiny grain of sand thrown into the ocean…
“把我们所有的核武器(地球上的每一个)都扔出去，就像把一个打火机大小的石头扔进密歇根湖。”
地球上所有核武器的总容量约为7000兆吨。每分钟从太阳照射到地球的能量是65000兆吨。
我很确定我们所有的核武器同时击中太阳，就会像扔进大海的一粒沙子……
Well, that is simple. If any of these conditions were a tiny bit off, there will be no one theorising about this. So the “well tuned universe” theory is just a poor understanding of cause and effect. These conditions seems perfect to us because we were born from them. In other words, our surroundings shaped our way of understanding what is perfect, and that always was and always will be the conditions that exist in our world. This hypothesis needs no one to set these conditions, as long as the are possible. Something happening at astronomical odds it's not even remotely impossible.
很简单。如果这些条件有任何一点偏差，就不会有人对此进行理论推导了。
因此，“调谐宇宙”理论只是对因果关系的理解不足。这些条件对我们来说似乎是完美的，因为我们是从它们那里诞生的。换句话说，我们的环境塑造了我们理解什么是完美的方式，这一直是，也将永远是存在于我们的世界的条件。
这个假设不需要任何人设定这些条件，只要这些条件是可能的，那么以天文数字的概率发生的事情不是完全不可能。
Absolutely nothing.
The sun is big.
Really, really big.
Like, mind bogglingly big.
Did I mention the sun is huge?
Nuclear detonations are perhaps the largest single "event" that mankind has ever created - the energy released by a nuke is absolutely phenomenal.
However, it's only a large amount of energy compared to our low energy environment. In energy terms, the Earth is really dull. It's an incredibly low energy environment - which is why it's perfect for the development of life.
However, the surface of the sun is not dull. It's huge. And hot. And energetic. A nuke wouldn't even make a dent in this.
Various parts of the surface of the sun undergo “tiny" temperature fluctuations over the course of the day - the energy of these tiny oscillations about the mean value are bigger than the energy released by every nuclear weapon ever built by mankind.
This means that if we threw our entire nuclear arsenal at the sun, we wouldn't be able to tell the difference between the energy from the nukes, and random thermal noise from the sun.
Even if we concentrated all the nukes in the same spot, this single concentrated blast pales in comparison to the energy released in solar flares and the like.
The sun is scarily powerful.
Did I mention it's also really big?
连一点涟漪都没有，太阳很大。真的，真的很大。
让你大脑感到爆炸的大。
核爆炸可能是人类有史以来创造的最大的单一“事件”——核弹释放的能量绝对是惊人的。然而，这只是与我们的低能源环境相比。从能源的角度来说，地球真的很沉闷。这是一个非常低的能源环境——这就是为什么它是生命发展的完美之地。
然而，太阳的表面并不沉闷，它是巨大、炽热和精力充沛的。一枚核弹根本不会改变这一切。太阳表面的各个部分在一天中都会经历“微小”的温度波动——这些微小波动的能量约为平均值，比人类有史以来制造的每一枚核武器释放的能量都要大。
这意味着，如果我们把我们所有的核武库都扔向太阳，我们依然无法区分核武器的能量，和来自太阳的随机热噪声。即使我们把所有的核弹集中在同一个地方，这种集中的爆炸与太阳耀斑等释放的能量相比也相形见绌。
太阳的力量大得吓人。我说过它很大了，对吗?
Great. The OP could be asked, what happens when you put a small matchstick on the Sun? On the scale of the Sun's energy, our nukes are not much bigger than a small matchstick - they will be roundoff errors.
And in any case, the Sun itself is a nuclear reactor.
很好。答主可能会被问到，当你把一根小火柴放在太阳上会发生什么?
在太阳能量的尺度上，我们的核武器并不比一根小火柴大多少，它们将是误差。
无论如何，太阳本身就是一个核反应堆。
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It's better than just that - it's a nuclear fusion reactor, something we're still struggling to create here on Earth.
不只是这样。它是一个核聚变反应堆，我们在地球上仍在努力创造的东西。
I don’t know why an nuclear fusion reactor is hard to make when we can do fission. It is weird.
我不知道为什么当我们可以进行裂变时却很难制造核聚变反应堆。
这是奇怪的。
Breaking up an unstable atom with a lot of neutrons is very different from try to fuse two atoms together. The Uranium U-235 wants to break apart and we are just helping it a bit by hitting with neutrons. Hydrogen atoms don’t want to merge with other nucleus unless they can be convinced in a big way.
用大量中子分解一个不稳定的原子与试图将两个原子熔合在一起是完全不同的。铀-235想要分裂，我们只是通过中子撞击来帮助它。
氢原子不愿意与其他原子核合并，除非它们能被大范围地挤压。
I was in college once and a few of the students were all terrified of the concept of nuclear waste. I understand that energy grade Uranium is more refined, but I don't know how they understand this stuff was in the Earth for billions of years before us, and the world did OK. They were all terrified that we would turn into zombies or something. I wasn't proud of where I did my Associates studies.
I made the joke that if we were so scared, why didn't we just shoot it all into the sun. I get that the only actual problem is logistics, but I thought, "Yeah, that would solve this problem."
The class was horrified because the sun is important and that we have to take care of it, so they were afraid of poisoning it with radiation...
I'm really not proud of where I got my Associates.
我上大学的时候，有几个学生都对核废料的概念感到恐惧。我知道能源级的铀更精炼，但我不知道他们是如何理解这种物质在我们之前的数十亿年就存在于地球上，而且世界运转良好。他们都很害怕我们会变成僵尸什么的。
我开玩笑说，如果我们这么害怕，为什么不直接把它射到太阳上去呢。我知道唯一的实际问题是运输，但我想，“是的，这样就能解决这个问题了。” 结果全班同学都吓坏了，因为（他们认为）太阳很重要，我们必须照顾好它，所以他们害怕辐射会上海它……
Massive celebrations on the streets in Liverpool.
Liverpool’s 30-year boycott of The Sun is one of the most successful of all time
That is, of course, if you mean The Sun newspaper. It’s not very popular in Liverpool because of a factually inaccurate article they wrote in 1989 that slandered the fans of Liverpool FC.
Now if you mean the G2V yellow dwarf star that is located about 93 million miles from Earth (150 million km to those in Liverpool), even if you could build another Tsar Bomba and dump it into the Sun, it wouldn’t do a thing. The Sun star is several orders of magnitude more powerful and even a 62-megaton nuclear weapon detonating on its surface would not affect it a bit.
Seriously, you’re talking about something so large, massive and powerful that it has been functioning for 4.6 billion years and will keep on functioning in the same manner for another five billion years before it starts to run out of fuel, even though it’s fusing an enormous amount of hydrogen into helium every second—the same principle that Tsar Bomba worked on with just a relatively small amount of hydrogen.
If you want to “nuke the Sun,” you’d do better to focus on making the people of Liverpool happy, and leave the G2V yellow dwarf alone.
利物浦街头举行了大规模的庆祝活动，利物浦对《太阳报》长达30年的抵制是史上最成功的。如果你指的是（核攻击）《太阳报》的话。它在利物浦不太受欢迎，因为他们在1989年写了一篇不准确的文章，诽谤利物浦的球迷。
现在，如果你指的是距离地球约9300万英里的G2V黄矮星(距离利物浦为1.5亿公里)，即使你可以再造一个“沙皇炸弹”，然后把它扔到太阳上，它也不会有任何作用。太阳恒星的威力要大好几个数量级，即使是6200万吨级的核武器在其表面爆炸也不会对其产生丝毫影响。
说真的，你说的是一个如此巨大物体，它已经运行了46亿年，而且还将以同样的方式继续运行50亿年，直到它的燃料耗尽，尽管它每秒会将大量的氢聚变成氦——这和沙皇炸弹用相对少量的氢研究的原理一样。
如果你想“用核武器摧毁太阳/《太阳报》”，你最好把精力集中在让利物浦人民开心上，别再纠缠G2V黄色侏儒了。
Daniel Whose Favorite City is Kamakura, Kanagawa
In the late 1990s I was once briefly confronted by a gentleman wearing Liverpool FC colors for bringing a copy of The Sun into the lavatories of the London Underground. He could tell I was a tourist, and was actually quite friendly, but felt compelled to share with me the source of his city's frustrations with Murdoch and his publication.
He was also quite relieved and rather amused when I informed him that I was already aware of the story, and that the only reason I'd obtained a copy was because the lavatories were out of toilet tissue.
He readily agreed that my intended use of the paper was, quite possibly, the only purpose for which it was well suited.
上世纪90年代末，我曾短暂地遇到一位身穿利物浦FC球衣的绅士，因为我把一本《太阳报》(the Sun)带进了伦敦地铁的卫生间。他能看出我是个游客，而且实际上还挺友好的，但他觉得有必要和我分享他的城市对默多克和他的出版物到失望的原因。
当我告诉他，我已经知道了这个故事，我拿到这本书的唯一原因是厕所里的卫生纸用完了，他感到很宽慰，也觉得很有趣。他欣然同意，我使用这报纸的目的很可能是它唯一适合的用途。
To understand the level of enmity between Liverpudlians and the Sun imagine if shortly after 9/11 a newspaper had run an article not only blaming New Yorkers for the attack but saying they were literally pissing on the firefighters trying to rescue people and robbing the corpses of the victims.
要理解利物浦人和《太阳报》之间的敌意程度。
想象一下，如果在9/11事件发生后不久，一家报纸发表一篇文章，不仅指责纽约人发动了袭击，还说纽约人对那些试图营救民众、发掘受害者尸体的消防员们大怒。
There was once a drunk ant that decided to attack an elephant, goaded by its also drunken friends.
When it finally reached the neck area, the friends kept yelling: Choke him, choke him!
Guess what happened to the elephant?
If you guessed “absolutely nothing, the elephant is so big it didn't even notice any of the ants or the so-called choking”, you'd be right.
Our “Nuke” is the ant’s pincers. The best weaponry we have.
And the sun in proportion is way bigger even than the elephant.
So sure, let’s spend the ants’ weaponry to choke the elephant.
Or let's worry about other stuff, in the knowledge that the sun is big. And the typical solar flare that messes our equipment week by week is much, much more energy than the biggest nuclear explosion we can muster (that's why we detect its effects all the way here).
从前，有一只喝醉了的蚂蚁，在它同样喝醉的朋友的刺激下，决定攻击一头大象。
当它最后到达脖子处时，朋友们不停地喊：掐死他，掐死他！猜猜大象后来怎么样了?
如果你猜测“屁事没有，大象太大了，它甚至没有注意到任何蚂蚁或所谓的窒息”，那你猜对了。
我们的“核弹”就是蚂蚁的钳子，我们拥有的最好的武器。太阳按比例比大象还要大得多。所以，让我们用蚂蚁的武器来勒死大象吧。或者，让我们来考虑下其他的东西，因为太阳很大。典型的太阳耀斑一周又一周地把我们的设备弄得一团糟，其能量远远超过我们所能制造的最大的核爆炸。