人类几乎毫无防御能力，为什么野生动物不再攻击我们?（一）
Humans are practically defenseless. Why don''t wild animals attack us more?
译文简介
我不确定这种认为人类几乎毫无防御能力的观点从何而来。一个手无寸铁的人仍然是大自然的一大恐怖物种。人类拥有强大的视觉，尤其是在光谱上，这使得大多数动物的伪装毫无用处。
正文翻译
Humans are practically defenseless. Why don't wild animals attack us more?
人类几乎毫无防御能力。为什么野生动物不再攻击我们?
评论翻译
很赞 ( 0 )
收藏
I’m uncertain where this notion comes from that humans are practically defenseless.
A single unarmed human is still one of the great terrors of nature.
A human has powerful vision, particularly on the color spectrum, making most animal camouflage useless.
Human hearing is well above the average and the power human brain can combine environmental cues between the senses to detect and track animals in a way that would seem supernatural.
We can run, climb, swim and jump. There are few environments we can’t pursue into or flee from.
Humans have decent bite strength, and human hands can be used for clubbing or gripping, making us dangerous in a grapple. As soon as we start upgrading our natural weapons with tools the danger increases beyond most animals comprehension.
我不确定这种认为人类几乎毫无防御能力的观点从何而来。一个手无寸铁的人仍然是大自然的一大恐怖物种。人类拥有强大的视觉，尤其是在光谱上，这使得大多数动物的伪装毫无用处。
人类的听力远远高于平均水平，而且人类的大脑可以将感知到的环境线索相结合，以一种似乎是超自然的方式来探测和跟踪动物。我们可以跑，爬，游泳和跳跃。只有少数环境是我们无法涉入或逃离的。
人类有相当强的咬合力，人类的手可以用来击打或抓握，这使我们在搏斗中很强大。一旦我们开始用工具升级我们的天然武器，危险就会增加到大多数动物无法理解的程度。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Allow that human to walk by some rocks and now it has ranged weapons, projectiles that can injure and confuse well past an opponent's reach.
And this is all with the human at their most vulnerable.
Humans live in groups, hunt, travel, live and fight together. If you see one human, there may be more near by. With the extra production that groups allow for they may be armed with more complex weapons. Bows, slings, or better constructed clubs and spears.
They can communicate complex information and organize in to ambushes, formations and other tactics.
允许一个人走过一根棍子，现在他/她有了一根矛或棍棒。这两种武器都能使人类的攻击范围扩大，使其攻击时不会使身体脆弱的某一部分暴露出来。它们给了他/她更大的攻击范围和打击力量。拿着一根简单棍子的一个人比地球上大多数捕食者都强。
允许那个人走过一些石头，现在他/她有了远程武器，投掷物可以伤害和迷惑远超过对手的射程。
以上这一切都只发生在人类最脆弱的时期。人类群居，一起狩猎，一起旅行，一起生活，一起战斗。如果你看到一个人，附近可能还有更多。随着捕获的猎物变得更多，他们可能会装备更复杂的武器。弓，投石器，或者更好的棍棒和长矛。他们能传达复杂的信息，组织伏击、编队和其他战术。
And it only gets worse from here. Humans can believe in abstract, imagined things, gods, nations, companies. Made up concepts that allow them to organize on a scale even they don’t quite understand. This leads to guns, cars, planes.
Humans have gone to the bottom of the sea and to the near reaches of space. We can vaporize cities by unleashing unstable micro-stars and zip around the world at the speed of sound.
Animals don’t attack us, because any who dared were slaughtered long ago. The few foolish enough to still try are hunted down.
What, about all that, is defenseless?
他们会复仇。如果你杀了其中一个，它的同伴会追杀你，你的家人，你的孩子。
从这里开始，情况只会变得更糟。人类可以相信抽象的、想象的事物——神、民族、同伴。虚构的概念让他们能够在自己都不太理解的范围内组织起来。这导致了枪支、汽车和飞机的诞生。人类已经到达了海底和接近太空的地方。我们可以释放不稳定的微型恒星，让城市蒸发，以声速在世界各地飞驰。
动物不会攻击我们，因为任何胆敢杀人的物种很久以前就被屠杀干净了。少数傻到还想尝试的物种也会被猎杀。
哪门子的毫无防御能力?
I would add that most animals are not eager to fight, too high a risk of injury that could later kill them. Humans are relatively large, and we look even bigger because we stand upright. I would think we look like a dangerous opponent to most animals.
我想补充的是，大多数动物都不急于战斗，受伤的风险太高，可能会导致它们死亡。人类体型相对较大，我们看起来更庞大，因为我们是直立的。
我觉得我们对大多数动物来说都是一个危险的对手。
Kill a human, and they will come back, in numbers, kill you, kill your whole family, and burn your damn house down.
The first and foremost advantage that humans have is our big brains. Those big brains allow for MUCH better communication, and hence the ability to work as teams. Most predators only hunt as individuals, and even those that hunt in packs rarely have real structure to them. Humans, by contrast, can really organize. Further, we can use tools. A man with a rifle most certainly isn’t defenseless… Indeed, even a man with a spear is going to be more than a match for most animals.
Fifty men with spears can kill anything on the planet.
And we did. A lot.
杀了一个人类，他们会成群结队地回来，杀了你，杀了你的全家，还会把你的房子烧了。
人类第一个也是最重要的优势是我们的大脑更大。这些大的大脑能够更好地进行沟通，从而具有团队合作的能力。大多数捕食者都是单独捕食，即使是那些成群捕食的也很少有真正的组织结构。相比之下，人类真的能够组织起来。
此外，我们可以使用工具。一个拿着来复枪的人肯定不是毫无防御能力的……事实上，即使是一个拿着长矛的人也将是大多数动物的对手。
50个人拿着长矛，就能杀死这个星球上的任何物种。
我们干过这样事儿，很多。
Humans are social creatures, and tool users. You're usually not facing just one human, but a whole clan of them.
人类是社会生物，也是工具使用者。通常你面对的不是一个人类，而是一群。
Perfect answer. People like to pretend that the natural state of an adult human is naked and defenceless, rather than either carrying a weapon or standing next to someone who is.
完美的答案。
人们喜欢假装一个成年人的自然状态是赤身裸体，毫无防备，而不是携带武器或站在有武器的人旁边。
Oh, and they’ll add your muscles and organs to their diet and make useful/decorative things from your hide and bones.
Don’t mess with humans.
哦，他们还会把你的肌肉和器官加入到他们的饮食中，用你的皮和骨头做有用的/装饰性的东西。
不要惹人类。
And we’re smart enough to target defenseless cubs to extirpate any species that views us as a snack - which is probably exactly what we did to the saber-tooth tiger.
And keep in mind that no other animal can heave a rock (or a spear) with anything like the accuracy and velocity of a human.
And we can outrun (for distance) all but a handful of megafauna.
And after all that, some wolves peeled off and joined us and now we can use their noses and teeth to our advantage, which is really scary.
我们足够聪明，会瞄准毫无防备的幼崽，消灭任何视我们为零食的物种——这可能正是我们对剑齿虎所做的。记住，没有任何其他动物能像人类一样精准和快速地使用石头(或矛或其他任何东西)。
除了少数巨型动物，我们跑得比任何物种都快(距离)。在那之后，一些狼脱离了狼群并加入了我们，现在我们可以利用它们的鼻子和牙齿，这真的很可怕。
And we can outrun (for distance) all but a handful of megafauna
True, but our real superpower (from a physical perspective) is endurance. There's virtually nothing on the planet that can outlast us over long distance. Humans used to (and still do in places) hunt by simply walking after the prey until the prey eventually collapsed of exhaustion.
“除了少数巨型动物，我们跑得比任何物种都快(距离)。”
对，但我们真正的超能力(从身体角度来看)是耐力。地球上几乎没有什么物种能在长距离跋涉方面比我们更好。
人类过去(现在仍有一些地方是这样)狩猎的方式是简单地跟着猎物走，直到猎物精疲力竭而倒下。链接：《耐力狩猎》——维基
For real intelligence and what comes with it i.e social and tool use is what defines humans.
定义人类的，是智慧以及随之而来的比如社会和对工具的使用。
Because we learned our lesson.
If you're a human, keep scrolling. This answer is meant for my fellow animals.
Let's go back to the early men. Assuming a wild animal attacks and kills one of their own…
Humans, unlike any other animal don't take that shit. They will want one thing. Revenge
No matter how fast you move or how far you go, humans are relentless. They will track you down and hunt you.
And when they find you. There's only one thing in their mind.
No matter how big or strong you think you are, you will be slaughtered.You think you're the biggest shit in your world? Be in for a rude awakening.
Our ancestors have learned that hunting those “defenceless” pile of bones and little flesh is not worth it and you should too.
Why? Cause humans haven't changed one fucking bit.
因为我们吸取了教训。如果你是人类，继续往下翻。这个答案是给我的同伴们的。
让我们回到早期的人类。假设有一只野生动物袭击并杀死了自己的动物同伴。
人类不像其他动物，不会接受这种东西。他们只想要一样东西——复仇。
无论是速度还是耐力，人类都是无情的。他们会找到你，追捕你。等他们找到你。他们脑子里只有一件事。无论你认为自己有多强壮，你都会被屠杀。
你以为你是世界上最大的混蛋吗?你会猛然醒悟的。
我们的祖先已经知道，狩猎那些“毫无防御能力”的骨头和小肉堆是不值得的，你也应该这样做。为什么?因为人类一点都没变。
图：在失踪渔船上发现人类遗骸之后，澳大利亚官员们猎杀了鳄鱼
My fellow animals~
我的动物同伴们在哪儿？
Hey there
嘿，这里。
That's accurate. Animals aren't stupid. They know one dead human will get a response of groups of heavily armed humans butchering them and using their hides for rugs.
这是准确的。动物都不傻，它们知道一个人死了，会被一群全副武装的人来杀掉自己，然后用它们的皮做地毯。
They don't 'know' in the sense of what knowing commonly means. They have evolved to avoid humans. This is because animals which attacked humans naturally died in larger numbers, and those which were left weren't inclined to do so, or were simply afraid of humans, and they managed to pass on their genes.
他们不知道通常意义上的“知道”。
但它们已经进化到避开人类，这是因为攻击人类的动物会大量死亡，而剩下的动物则不愿意这样做，或者只是害怕人类，它们成功地将自己的基因传递了下去。
I agree 100%. This is completely in line with evolution. Genetic traits being passed on. The animals that had no interest in humans (or were afraid) were effectively able to pass their genetic information. People seem to have a hard time differentiating evolution and adaptation
我100%同意。这完全符合进化。遗传特征被传递。那些对人类不感兴趣(或害怕)的动物能够有效地传递它们的基因信息。
人们似乎很难区分进化和适应。
My wife and I sat quietly after reading this, thinking deeply.
Nah, I’m playing. We died laughing, because this is so true. I asked her, “Is this not so true? It feels wrong to leave an animal alive, if it killed, or even hurt a human.” She was like, “Yeah, it feels wrong. I mean, we will even hunt down lions and bears.”
I said, “Babe, that is nothing. Bears and lions live on land. We humans are so batshit insane that we hunt down sharks that even get a taste of a person. We aren’t fish. We don’t swim well compared to fish, and we can’t breath under water. We can’t even see underwater very well.
We don’t give a single fuck. We go hunting for some sharks, cause we gonna make sure that giant murder fish don’t try that shit again.
Hell, we don’t even know if the shark we find is the right shark. We just hunt sharks near the coast, catch them, slice them open, dig through their guts, and see if we find any human flesh, clothing, articles, or bones. If we don’t, we shrug, and go find another shark to kill.”
Humans. We are some scary lil bastards.
我和妻子读完这这条答案后，静静地坐着，沉思着。
不，我开玩笑的，我们笑死了，因为这是真的。我问她:“这不是真的吗?如果一只动物杀死了人，甚至伤害了人，让它活着是不对的。” 她说："是啊，感觉不对劲。我的意思是，我们甚至会猎杀狮子和熊。”
我说:“宝贝，这没什么。熊和狮子生活在陆地上。我们人类是如此的疯狂，以至于我们会猎杀鲨鱼，哪怕它们尝了一口人的味道。我们不是鱼。和鱼比起来，我们游得不好，而且我们不能在水下呼吸。我们甚至不能很好地看清水下环境。但我们一点都不在乎。我们会去捕鲨鱼，因为我们要确保那些杀人巨鱼不会再来这一套。“
见鬼，我们甚至不知道我们找到的鲨鱼是不是那条。我们只是在海岸附近捕猎鲨鱼，抓住它们，把它们切开，挖开它们的内脏，看看能不能找到人肉，衣服，物品或骨头。如果我们没找到，我们就耸耸肩，去找另一条鲨鱼来杀。”
人类。我们是一群可怕的混蛋。
“we shrug, and go find another shark to kill.”
I just realized I don’t need to put a costume for halloween. We all are scary enough already.
我刚意识到万圣节不用穿戏服了，我们已经够可怕了。
Bahaha, truth!
噗哈哈哈，确实！
And what do mosquitoes do for you? Bring disease and nasty bites—thats it. Yet there are more mosquitoes around than ever, despite decades of humans TRYING to exterminate them.
HUBRIS might lead to our demise, but we are simply incapable of exterminating anything but weak, vulnerable species that were on the way out anyway. As soon as you can name a strong, robust species (like coyotes, or crows) that we have eliminated then you might have a point.
蚊子对你做了什么?带来疾病和可怕的咬伤——就这样。
然而，尽管几十年来人类一直试图消灭蚊子，但现在的蚊子比以往任何时候都多。
狂妄自大可能会导致我们的灭亡，除了那些无论如何都要灭绝的、脆弱的物种，我们没有能力消灭任何东西。一旦你能说出一个我们已经消灭的强壮的物种(比如郊狼或乌鸦)，你说的那些话才能说得通。
Your comment is confusing. I didn't have a point that related to wiping out other animals.
You may be interested though, to know that we absolutely CAN wipe out mosquitoes, and every other species of animal on this planet.
We tested releasing a storm of sterile male mosquitoes on an island that had a large quantity of mosquitoes. The population of mosquitoes dropped immensely.
If it wasn't for people realizing that we need our fellow animals to help maintain the environment, we would live on a dead world.
We already nearly wiped out the American Buffalo, and we have inadvertently wiped out many other species as well.
Not sure what you are really getting at, but if we wanted to kill a species, we could do it with ease.
But we don't want to. That's a terrible idea.
But we will get vengeance.
你的评论令人费解。我没有什么关于消灭其他动物的观点。
你可能会有兴趣知道——我们完全可以消灭蚊子，以及这个星球上的所有其他物种。我们测试了在一个有大量蚊子的岛上释放大量不育雄蚊子。蚊子的数量急剧下降。
如果人们没有意识到我们需要我们的动物伙伴来帮助维护环境，我们将生活在一个死亡的世界。我们已经几乎消灭了美洲野牛，我们也无意中消灭了许多其他物种。不知道你真正想要的是什么，但如果我们想要杀死一个物种，我们可以轻易做到。
但我们不想那么做，这是一个可怕的主意。
但我们是会复仇的。
Yeah . Thats right. Tear everyone, everything up who harms the family. Thats how it should be. Instill so much fear in their genetic memory that they shit thier pants when they see a human, like some humans do when they see a spider.
是的。这是正确的。把所有伤害这个家族的东西都撕碎，也应该是这样。
在它们的基因记忆中灌输太多恐惧以至于他们一看到人就吓得尿裤子，就像有些人看到蜘蛛一样。
genetic fear doesn't affect polar bears because it's the only animal which doesn't avoid human contact, instead, if he sees one, immediately goes hunting mode.
遗传上的恐惧不会影响北极熊，因为它是唯一不回避人类接触的动物，相反，如果它看到人类，就会立即进入狩猎模式。
I’m not sure, but I would imagine most humans (while generally preferring to avoid bears in general) have always avoided going to the polar regions altogether due to harsh living conditions.
我不确定，但我可以想象大多数人(虽然一般来说更多的是避开熊)总是避免去极地地区，因为恶劣的生活条件。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Makes me feel proud of being a human, LOL
让我为自己是人类而感到自豪，哈哈
Same here fellow animal.
我也是，动物同胞。
Makes me feel ashamed
让我感到羞愧。
We survived nature. That’s a huge accomplishment. Many animals become extinct. Long ago we were cavemen always in danger of wild animals like Saber tooth tigers, Mammoths, Bears who could tear us into pieces easily. And yet our ancestors didn’t let us perish. We managed to win somehow. We should be ashamed of what we are doing to nature today, but I don’t think we should be ashamed of our cavemen ancestors.
我们幸存了下来，这是一个巨大的成就。许多动物灭绝了。很久以前，我们是穴居人，总是面临着像剑齿虎、猛犸象、熊这样的野生动物的危险，它们很容易把我们撕成碎片。
但我们的祖先没有让我们灭亡。我们设法赢了。我们应该为我们今天对自然所做的事情感到羞耻，但我认为我们不应该为我们的穴居祖先感到羞耻。
We should be ashamed that we forgot why we survived. Working together and caring about one another.
我们应该为忘记生存的原因而感到羞愧。共事，互相关心。
We have survived so far, but extinction is inevitable, be it by our own hands, friendly rocks visiting from space or tiny invisibles foes here on earth.
我们已经存活至今，但灭绝是不可避免的，无论是我们自己的手，还是来自太空的“友好”岩石，抑或是地球上看不见的小敌人。
And humans don’t just go after the one killer, they often slaughter the family and tribe for good measure as well
人类不会只追捕一个杀手，他们经常屠杀整个家族和部落。
And not just the men, but the women and children too!
不只是男人，还有女人和孩子！
This post is on point. Humans are like that indeed. That is a topic that i studied for more then 30 years. You should be affraid of humans. There are plenty of reasons for it. Only a few humans are different. Sad.
这篇文章很中肯。人类确实是这样。这是一个我研究了30多年的话题。你应该害怕人类。原因有很多。只有少数人是不同的。
伤心。
The Afro-Eurasian megafauna did not die out nearly completely because they coevolved with humans and hence evolved to avoid humans.
On the other hand, when early hunter gatherers reached to places like Australia, Americas and many islands, the megafauna as well as a lot of small animals of those areas were obliterated. The animals in those places never got enough time to evolve to avoid humans.
欧亚和非洲巨型动物之所以没有完全灭绝，是因为它们与人类共同进化，进化出了躲避人类的能力。
另一方面，当早期的狩猎采集者到达澳大利亚、美洲和许多岛屿时，这些地区的巨型动物和许多小型动物都灭绝了。这些地方的动物没有足够的时间进化来躲避人类。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Some form of big cat evolved, specifically to hunt humans.
AND WE FUCKING HUNTED THEM TO EXTINCTION. Seriously, we're scary as all hell.
某些种类的大型猫科动物进化了，专门捕食人类。
特么的，我们把它们猎到灭绝。说真的，我们可怕得要死。
The cat in question is dubbed “dinofelis” and most likely preyed on hominids, like baboons and modern human ancestors like australopithecus.
Though they went extinct a long time before modern humans came to be, so it’s not as comparable.
这种猫被称为“dinofelis”，很可能以类人猿为食，比如狒狒和南方古猿等现代人类祖先。
虽然他们在现代人类出现之前很久就灭绝了，所以没有可比性。
Revenge hunting is more something of the last millennia . In the early days it would be a good way to die, hunting a predator and then get ambushed by something else. You’d also need the resources to hunt something specific instead of the most available.
now kill on sight is a thing. In which human settlement encroachment causes animals to learn to avoid those.
复仇式狩猎更多的是过去千年的产物。在早期，这是一种很好的死亡方式，猎杀猎食者，然后又被其他猎食者伏击。你还需要资源来狩猎特定的动物。
一遇到就杀掉，人类的入侵使动物学会了躲避。
Not to mention, the premise of the question is already wrong. Humans aren’t defenseless at all. Our ability to reason and use tools/weapons makes us far more dangerous than most animals. That’s why we are at the top of the food chain and not something else.
这个问题的前提已经错了。人类并非毫无防御能力。我们推理和使用工具/武器的能力使我们比大多数动物更危险。
这就是为什么我们处在食物链的顶端，而不是别的什么。