为什么日本乃至东亚的屋顶是弯曲的?
Why are Japanese roofs curved?
译文简介
除了文化和美学方面的原因，日本乃至东亚的屋顶都是弯曲的，这是一种妥协。是的，这是三层“妥协”：
正文翻译
Why are Japanese roofs curved?
为什么日本乃至东亚的屋顶是弯曲的?
为什么日本乃至东亚的屋顶是弯曲的?
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Aside from cultural and aesthetic reasons, Japanese roofs, and East Asian roofs in general, are curved as a compromise to a compromise to a compromise.
Yeah, that’s three layers of “compromises.” Here’s the breakdown:
1st Compromise: Wooden BuildingsSo let’s start from the beginning. As you probably have noticed, East Asian buildings were built predominately out of wood, from the load-bearing pillars to the wooden walls to the paper windows. After all, wood is readily available (i.e. cheap), has great weight to strength ratio, and is easy to cut and shape.
However, wood is not perfect, which is why it is the first “compromise.” One of the major cons is that wood is not as weather-resistant as other materials such as stone or clay. In particular, high-humidity and/or heavy precipitation will cause wood to rot and warp. Thus, as useful as wood is, using it as your primary construction material means you have to engineer a way to keep your building as dry as possible.
除了文化和美学方面的原因，日本乃至东亚的屋顶都是弯曲的，这是一种妥协。是的，这是三层“妥协”：
第一层妥协：屋顶建筑
让我们从头开始。你可能已经注意到，东亚的建筑主要是用木材建造的，从承重柱子到木墙再到纸窗。毕竟，木材是现成的(即便宜)，有很大的重量强度比，并且容易切割和塑造。
然而，木材并不完美，这就是为什么它是第一层“妥协”。木材的一个主要缺点是不像石头或粘土等其他材料那样耐气候。特别是，高湿度和/或强降水会导致木材腐烂和翘曲。因此，尽管木材很有用，但使用它作为主要的建筑材料意味着你必须设计一种方法来保持建筑尽可能干燥。
The same exact concept goes for East Asian buildings. If the roof is the umbrella, the building itself, especially the wooden base, is the Gucci pants. In order to keep the wooden components as dry as possible, the eaves of a roof (i.e. the part that extends away from the exterior walls of a building) need to go farther out. Sure, if rain fell exactly vertically down, you probably can get away with short eaves, but rain tends to fall at an angle due to wind, sometimes at an extreme angle in bad storms during a typhoon.
However, extending the eaves has a number of cons. For one, like the full-size umbrella, it costs more. And, more relevant to this question, an enlarged roof may block rain, but it also blocks something else: sunlight. Having sunlight shining through your window may seem like a simple luxury, but before air conditioning and heating, sunlight was extremely important in keeping a building warm and dry, especially during the colder months.
So, East Asian buildings started to incorporate a new design element, the third compromise…
第二层妥协:延长屋檐
假设你穿着一条价值2000美元的古驰裤子在一个阳光明媚的日子出门，但突然间下起了倾盆大雨。于是，你冲向最近的便利店，不得不在两把雨伞之间做出选择:一把迷你雨伞，以及一把全尺寸雨伞。在其他任何一天，你可能会喜欢更便宜、更便携的迷你伞，但迷你伞几乎无法遮住你的腿。全尺寸的雨伞可能携带起来不方便，也会花更多的钱，但如果你的首要任务是保护你的裤子不被雨淋湿，你会想要更大的伞。
同样的概念也适用于东亚建筑。如果屋顶是伞，那么建筑本身，尤其是木质底座，就是古驰的裤子。为了使木质构件尽可能干燥，屋顶的屋檐(即从建筑物外墙延伸出去的部分)需要向外延伸。当然，如果雨是垂直落下的，你可能不会受到短屋檐的影响，但由于风的作用，雨往往会以一定的角度落下，有时在台风期间的恶劣风暴中会以一个极端的角度落下。
然而，延长屋檐也有一些缺点。其一，像全尺寸的伞一样，它的价格更高。而且，与这个问题更相关的是，一个扩大的屋顶可能可以阻挡雨水，但它也阻挡了其他东西:阳光。让阳光照进你的窗户似乎是一种简单不过的奢侈，但在空调和暖气出现之前，阳光在保持建筑温暖和干燥方面是极其重要的，尤其是在寒冷的月份。
因此，东亚建筑开始融入一种新的设计元素，第三种妥协……
So, how do you keep the good aspects of this roof, while fixing the bad? The solution is to curve the eaves upward, angling them in such a way to maximize direct sunlight. The fact that the eaves are angled the highest at the corners aren’t a coincidence, either. As Pythagoras will tell you, the corners of the roofs are the farthest points from the building, which means they needed to be angled the highest in order for sunlight to hit the building.
Interestingly, there is a very visible correlation between the extremity of the curve of a building’s roof with its geographic latitude. Why? Because at lower latitudes closer to the Equator, the Sun travels higher up in the sky, which means the eaves need to be curved higher to allow direct sunlight into the building. Meanwhile, at higher latitudes in the northern regions — i.e. Japan, Korea, northern China — the Sun travels lower in the sky, meaning the roofs do not need to curve as much to allow direct sunlight.
第三层妥协：翘曲的屋檐
概括一下，我们现在有一个“超大”屋顶的木制建筑，有长长的屋檐，可以挡雨，这很好，但也能阻挡阳光，这就不那么好了。那么，你如何保持屋顶好的一面，同时解决不好的一面呢?解决方案是将屋檐向上弯曲，使其倾斜以最大限度地吸收直射的阳光。事实上，屋檐的四角，翘曲程度也最高这不是巧合。正如毕达哥拉斯会告诉你的那样，屋顶的角落是离建筑物最远的地方，这意味着它们需要有最高的角度，这样阳光才能照到建筑物上。
有趣的是，建筑的屋顶末端的翘曲与其地理纬度之间有着非常明显的相关性。为什么?因为在低纬度靠近赤道的地方，太阳的位置也更高，这意味着屋檐需要弯曲得更高，以便让阳光直接进入建筑。与此同时，在北方高纬度地区，如日本、韩国、中国北部，太阳在空中的位置更低，这意味着屋顶不需要弯曲太多以允许阳光直射。
日本寺庙：
北京紫禁城（中国北方）：
朝鲜宫殿：
Now, in case you’re wondering why this is a “compromise,” again, it’s just the cost of it all. Curved eaves are obviously more difficult to build and require more materials.
However, it does seem like an elegant solution to all the major problems I listed above. Ultimately, this became a design feature in and of itself, one that defines a region or country’s style and philosophies. It’s honestly a very interesting aspect of East Asian architecture to discuss, and I hope this answer can provide some insight in the more scientific (?) reasons behind it.
现在，如果你想知道为什么这是一种“妥协”。再说一次，这只是综合下来的代价。弯曲的屋檐显然更难建造，需要更多的材料。
然而，它似乎是我上面列出的所有主要问题的完美解决方案。最终，这本身成为了一种设计特征，它定义了一个地区或国家的风格和哲学。老实说，这是东亚建筑非常值得讨论的一个方面，我希望这个答案能够为其背后更科学的原因提供一些见解。
Japanese primarily use wood due to the issue of earthquakes and absence of lime.
Regular earthquakes means the flexible wood will last much longer in the presence of regular earthquakes such as the islands experience.
The japanese islands are volcanic and thus relatively new rock, this means it has very little limestone for stone builders to use to make concrete and mortar.
Compare this to the Chinese mainland, which has less regular earthquakes and access to lime. They use brick and mortar far more often, restricting wood more for roofing.
由于地震和缺乏石灰的问题，日本人主要使用木材。
经常发生的地震意味着，在发生地震的情况下，例如在岛屿上，弹性的木材可以维持更长的时间。
日本岛屿是火山形成的，因此岩石相对较新，这意味着建筑工人用来制作混凝土和砂浆的石灰石很少。
相比之下，中国大陆地震频率较低，也没有太多石灰可供开采。他们更多地使用砖块和灰泥，屋顶也更多地局限于木材。
That is definitely a major factor, but I would argue that other East Asian countries and regions used wood about as much as Japan did. Chinese architecture is a little hard to define, as it varies dramatically from region to region. In some places, yes, brick and mortar is the norm, but wood was more prent in other places. Also, Korea does not have earthquakes, but also uses wood about as frequently as Japan.
Point is that there are many reasons for people to use wood. The need to withstand earthquakes was just one on top of many other reasons.
这绝对是一个主要因素，但我认为其他东亚国家和地区使用木材的数量和日本差不多。中国建筑有点难以定义，因为不同地区的建筑差异很大。在一些地方，砖和灰泥的确很常见，但在其他地方木头更普遍。此外，韩国没有地震，但也像日本一样频繁地使用木材。
重点是，人们使用木材有很多原因。抵御地震的需要只是众多原因中的一个。
If you study the places where wood is the norm, it is becasue they lack the lime or clay, or earthquakes are more common. Korea lacks large limestone deposits with a dominant granite, gneiss and sand, thus the reaosn is not becasue of earthquakes, it is resource availability.
korea does have plenty of clay, but wihtout lime the clay is usually used for pottery and tiling than for bricks.
The exception to the rule above is particulary hot-wet areas in southern Asia. Wood is preferred in those areas for two reasons, firstly is is very plentiful due to the hot wet climate and thus easy to repair quickly, and seocndly, beccause wooden buildings breathe better, which is essential for a hot wet climate to prevent rot and keep the house cool.
Asia is a place of very differieng landscapes. You will find in some locations earthquakes are more common yet stone/clay buildings are built, such as in the himalayas, but that is usually due to the absence of trees.
We often ignore the resource availability in developed locaitons due to our ability to transport those resources to where we want them, however sustainable architecture has to account for these environmental resource components.
如果你研究一下那些木材用料是常态的地方，那是因为他们缺少石灰或粘土，或者地震更常见。韩国缺乏大型石灰岩矿床，主要是花岗岩、片麻岩和沙子，因此原因不是地震，而是资源的可获得性。韩国确实有很多黏土，但没有石灰，黏土通常用于制陶和瓦，而不是砖。
上述规则的例外是南亚，这里尤其湿热。木材是首选在这些地区有两个原因，首先是由于炎热潮湿的气候木材非常普遍，因此，容易快速修复。其次，因为木制建筑呼吸更好，这是必不可少的湿热气候，以防止腐烂和保持房子凉爽。
亚洲是一个有着截然不同风景的地方。你会发现在一些地方地震更常见，但依然用石头/粘土建造建筑，如在喜马拉雅山，但这通常是由于没有树木而导致的。
我们经常忽视发达地区的资源可用性，因为我们有能力将这些资源运输到我们想要的地方，然而，可持续建筑必须考虑到这些环境资源的组成部分。
I never disagreed with you. I understand that local resource availability is a factor in the materials used. I just said that Japan’s use of wood is not just because of earthquakes. There are other considerations, including local resources. So in a way, you and I are agreeing.
我完全没有不同意你的观点。
我知道当地资源的可用性是使用材料的一个因素。我刚才说的是，日本使用木材不仅仅是因为地震。还有其他考虑因素，包括当地资源。所以在某种程度上，你和我是一致的。
Good point about the earthquakes and I think it’s as much the earthquakes as anything. In California, they build up to six stories using wood rather than reinforced concrete like they do on the east coast. That’s mostly because wood flexes and won’t break or crack, whereas concrete will. So in spite of the fire risk and termite risk, wood is preferable.
关于地震的观点很好，我认为地震和其他因素一样重要。在加利福尼亚，他们用木材建造了六层楼，而不是像在东海岸那样用钢筋混凝土。
这主要是因为木头有弹性，不会断裂或开裂，而混凝土则会。因此，尽管有火灾风险和白蚁风险，木材还是最好的。
San Francisco was built of redwood, which was plentiful and close by. No other reason.
Building codes have been tightened up in response to earthquakes. The house I live in (about 90 years old) is wood and masonry and would never be built today
旧金山曾是用红木建造的，红木数量丰富，而且就在附近。没有其他的原因。
为了应对地震，建筑规范已经加强了。我住的房子(大约有90年的历史)是木头和砖石结构的，这样的结果永远不会在今天建造。
Interesting read.
Question: Why is it that only the corners are curved?
For sunlight to have such a profound effect on the corners, would not that indicate that traditional wooden buildings in East Asia has to be built in very specific alignments concerning North/South and East/West? That is, the corners has to be in such a position that they will block sunlight for a disproportional amount of time.
It seems to me that the cultural aesthetics has far more impact on the roof construction than rain and sunlight, simply because that specific design is so “local”, there are, as far as I know, no other variation on that theme on wooden buildings anywhere else in the world.
有趣的内容。
问:为什么只有四角是弯曲的?
考虑到阳光对屋顶四角又产生如此深远的影响，这难道不意味着东亚的传统木结构建筑必须南北、东西这种特定朝向建造吗? 换句话说，当前东亚建筑的朝向使得屋檐四角遮挡阳光的时间不成比例得高。
在我看来，文化美学对屋顶构造的影响比雨水和阳光大得多。就我所知，世界上其他地方的木制建筑都没有类似的设计。
From what I understand, the corners rise up the highest because they extend the furthest from the walls of the building and thus block the most sunlight on average. So, in a way, you could say it’s more about balancing the sunlight that hits your building than it is about maximizing it. I also would imagine that curved corners would maximize sunlight during sunrise and sunset, which also happen to be the coldest part of the day.
In terms of the 45 degree angle, I can see where you’re coming from. But, at the same time, a building with a corner facing south will likely receive less light on average, as the Sun is always in the south part of the sky (in the northern hemisphere). So, to maximize sunlight, it makes sense to have the longest face of the building toward the south.
根据我的理解，屋檐四角弯曲程度最高是因为它们延伸出建筑墙最远，因此平均遮挡了最多的阳光。所以，在某种程度上，你可以说（屋檐四角的翘曲）更多的是平衡照射到你的建筑上的阳光，而不是尽可能让更多的阳光照射到建筑。我还会想象，屋檐四角的翘曲可以最大限度地利用日出和日落时的阳光，这也是一天中最冷的时候。
关于45度角，我可以看出你来自哪里。但是，与此同时，建筑一角朝南，平均接收到的光线可能更少，因为太阳总是位于天空的南边(在北半球的话)。
因此，为了最大限度地利用阳光，建筑朝南的面最长是有意义的。
Could be, I just find it peculiar that that particular design element has no, as far as I know, comparable design any where else.
Take Norway, we have a wet and rainy climate, and hence, by the reasoning given for the corners, we should have at least, some buildings with a somewhat like variation of the theme, we do not.
We have wooden buildings that span a thousand years, throughout that time, there are none of the design elements that are used in East Asia, which makes me wonder if that particular design element is far more reliant on culture rather than practicality.
Having said that, I do not know much of anything about how wood was treated before it was used as a building material in East Asia, hence that could also impact the building style and, perhaps, make the practicality of such curves more prominent when designing such buildings.
可能吧，我只是觉得这很奇怪，就我所知，这种特殊的设计元素在其他任何地方都没有类似的设计。
以挪威为例，我们有潮湿和多雨的气候，因此，从角落的原因来看，我们至少应该有一些类似东亚变化的建筑，但我们没有。
我们有超过一千年的木制建筑，但在这段时间里，没有东亚使用过的任何设计元素，这让我怀疑，这种特殊的设计元素是否更依赖于文化，而不是实用性。
话虽如此，我对木材在东亚被用作建筑材料之前是如何处理的知之甚少，因此，这也可能影响建筑风格，也许，使这种曲线的实用性在设计这样的建筑时更加突出。
Most likely you’re right. The benefit of additional sunlight would be minimal or non-existent vis-a-vis the complexity of bending the wood.
很可能你是对的。相对于弯曲木材的复杂性，额外的阳光的好处微乎其微，或根本不存在。
At least in traditional Chinese culture, it is true that the most desired way for a house to be built is in alignment with North/South.
至少在中国传统文化中，最理想的房屋建造方式是南北朝向。
Yes, I’m aware of that, but for corners to have the effect OP mentioned, the building would have to be at a 45 degree angle to the North/South alignment, which is the part that puzzles me concerning the reason for curved corners.
是的，我知道这一点，但为了达到楼主提到的效果，建筑必须与南北方向成45度角，这是让我困惑的、关于弯曲的屋檐四角的原因。
Thank you, I’ve been constructing homes for 40 years, this answer opened a whole new insight.
谢谢，我建造房屋40年了，这个答案打开了一个全新的视角。
This is interesting. In moderate climate, we get out of our way to block the sun when it’s in its highest, while letting it in when it’s at its lowest. In low latitudes, close to the equator, they actually want to let sunlight in when at its hottest?
Why is wood for the big roof so much cheaper than wood for the foundation? Why is it not the case, say, in Russia?
I suspect they curve the roofs because they can. Because snow is rare. Also, because they want shade but not humidity.
这很有趣的。在温和的气候下，我们会在太阳最高的时候挡住它，在太阳最低的时候让它进来。在低纬度，靠近赤道的地方，他们真的想在最热的时候让阳光照进来吗?
为什么大屋顶用的木头比地基用的木头便宜这么多?为什么在俄罗斯就不是这样呢?
我怀疑他们把屋顶弄弯是因为他们有这个能力，因为雪很少见。此外，因为他们想要荫凉而不是潮湿。
Do you have any sources you can add to this answer? It’s an interesting theory, but how do we know it’s actually true?
I also question how much difference raising the corners slightly will have to the total amount of light coming into the room. It will make some difference if the light is coming in along the diagonal of the building, but no difference if the light is coming in perpendicular to a wall, since the light that is let through by the curved eaves will be falling outside the building anyway.
你有什么可以补充的消息来源吗?这是个有趣的理论，但我们怎么知道它是真的呢?
我也质疑略微抬高屋檐四角对进入房间的光线总量有多大的不同。如果光线沿着建筑的对角线进入，确实会有一些不同，但如果光线垂直于墙壁射入，则没有区别，因为光线通过弯曲的屋檐，无论如何都会落在建筑外面。
Although I have no issues with the nature/reasoning behind the design, the factors cited is universal. However, we don’t see the East Asian style of architectures elsewhere. I think history played a major hand in this, and that is the Japanese, Korean, and other Asians are heavily influenced by the Chinese culture, especially the Tang, Song, and Ming Dynasties. All the famous temples and imperial buildings cited are directly lifted from those periods.
虽然我对设计背后的本质/推理没有异议，但所引用的因素是普遍的。然而，我们在其他地方看不到东亚风格的建筑。我认为历史在这方面起了很大的作用，日本人、韩国人以及其他亚洲人都深受中国文化的影响，尤其是唐、宋、明时期。所有被引用的著名寺庙和皇家建筑都直接取材于那个时期。
The curvilinear roofs in Japan and China are not universal and are generally used for temples and palaces and not typical residential homes.
In Japan, The Karahafu roof is a roofing style that originated from Japan. The roof is one of the gable types of roofing common in traditional Japanese buildings. A dome shape at the top with the roof running up to the wall or the lower roof defines the formation of a Karahafu roof.
The Karahafu roof is an ancient architecture famous for Japanese castles, Shinto shrines, and Buddhist temples. The name of the roof, Kara, means elegant or noble. That is why the roof style was famous for highly-regarded buildings. The curved roofing style was initially common temples and palaces only. The roofing plan became famous during the Kamakura and Muromachi period when visitors to the Asian continent adopted the style. The Azuchi-Momoyama period increased the use of Karahafu roofs in the creation of daimyo’s mansions.
日本和中国的翘曲屋顶并不普遍，通常只用于寺庙和宫殿，而不是典型的住宅。
在日本，Karahafu屋顶是起源于日本的一种屋顶风格。这种屋顶是日本传统建筑中常见的山形屋顶类型之一。圆顶屋顶延伸到墙的顶部的圆顶形状定义了Karahafu屋顶的形式。
Karahafu屋顶是一个古老的建筑形式，以日本城堡、神道神社和佛教寺庙而闻名。屋顶的名字，Kara，意思是优雅或高贵。这就是为什么这种屋顶风格以高度评价而著称。翘曲屋顶最初只是普通的寺庙和宫殿。在镰仓和室町时期，到亚洲大陆的日本游客随后采用了这种风格，使得这种屋顶方案变得很出名。随后安土桃山时期，在大名的宅邸建造中增加了Karahafu屋顶的使用。
The curved section of the roof allows it to drain rainwater easily. They do not have a ridge and thereby eliminating the chances of a leaking roof.
The roof slopes into different styles like the butterfly design or the bonnet roof style. The Japanese roof design has thin walls and gentle slopes. Eaves and gables curve to a gentle slope than roof structures associated with the Chinese architecture.
The eaves are extended, providing shade to the interior space. You can divide the Moya, which is the single space in the house, into units using screens or paper walls. Guttering of the roof is rare because of the roofing style. Note that these roofs are rather steep and extend beyond the walls usually forming a covered walkway. Rain on the steep roof slope accelerates as it reaches the eave forcing the water away from the structure.
日本的屋顶设计象征着建筑的威望，代表着建筑的宗教性质或世俗性。屋顶的弯曲部分便于排水。他们没有屋脊，因此避免了屋顶漏水的可能性。
屋顶倾斜成不同的风格，如蝴蝶设计或引擎盖屋顶风格。日本的屋顶设计是薄壁和缓坡。屋檐和三角（屋顶）的曲线比屋顶结构平缓，与中国建筑有关。
屋檐延伸，为室内空间提供阴凉。你可以用屏风或纸墙将莫亚(Moya)房子里的单一空间划分为多个单元。由于屋顶的式样，屋顶的排水沟是罕见的。请注意，这些屋顶相当陡峭，并延伸到墙壁之外，通常形成一条走道。当雨水到达屋檐时，在陡峭的屋顶斜坡上加速降落，迫使水离开建筑。
Lots of great information, thanks for sharing. I will have to respectfully disagree about curved eaves not being typical for most residential homes in China. Perhaps in Japan that is true, but most tiled-roof homes in China and Korea have curved eaves.
信息详实而丰富，谢谢分享。
对于翘曲屋檐在中国大多数住宅中并不常见的说法，我不敢苟同。
也许在日本是这样，但在中国和韩国，大多数瓦片屋顶的房子都有翘曲的屋檐。
You know, there’s an interesting archeological find from the Erlitou/Xia dynasty site from around 1700 BC.
All of the essential elements for a Chinese/East Asian style building are there, which I find super interesting.
Notably, the curved roofs are not really there. Maybe the curved roofs are a result of technological advancement as well? Since they didn’t have good enough tech/know how in the beginning. Also, from what I know, Chinese roofs seem less curved, so maybe the curved elements were added by the Japanese or Koreans? This is all just my guess.
在公元前1700年左右的二里头/夏朝遗址有一个有趣的考古发现。
中国/东亚风格建筑的所有必要元素都在那里，我觉得非常有趣。值得注意的是，翘曲的屋顶当时并不存在。也许弯曲的屋顶也是技术进步的结果?因为一开始他们没有足够的技术/知识。此外，据我所知，中国的屋顶似乎没有那么弯曲，所以也许弯曲的元素是由日本人或韩国人添加的?这只是我的猜测。
That is really interesting! Thanks for sharing. Curved eaves didn’t really start showing up until the the Tang Dynasty, and even then, the curves were more subtle and became more obvious over time. Given that the Tang had a major influence over Korea and Japan culturally, the curved eaves found in both trace back to the Tang era.
那真的很有趣!谢谢你的分享。翘曲屋檐直到唐朝才真正出现，即使在唐朝，曲线也越来越微妙，随着时间的推移变得越来越明显。
由于唐朝在文化上对朝鲜和日本有着重大影响，所以这两个国家的弧形屋檐都可以追溯到唐朝。
Interesting analysis but it has a major flaw, I think. Sunlight or rain, both come down in straight lines. There is no profile, straight, curved or whatever, which protects against one and allows the other. Further, protection or access provided by a curved end can be easily gotten by a straight ending of appropriate length. One historical reason could be that Japanese roof beams are bamboo. And bamboo is seldom straight. Frequently it takes a curve near the ground, while growing. That is the curve, that is reflected in Japanese roofs, I believe. It might have become an artistic choice latter on.
有趣的分析，但我觉得这里存在一个重大缺陷。
阳光也好，雨水也好，走的都是直线。没有一种屋顶建筑结构，无论直的还是弯曲的，可以允许一种而拒绝另一种。
此外，屋檐翘曲提供的保护也好，通道也罢，都可以通过适当长度的平直屋檐轻易获得。（之所以屋檐翘曲）一个历史原因可能是日本的屋顶梁是竹子。
竹子很少是直的。在生长过程中，它经常在接近地面的地方弯曲。这就是日本屋顶的曲线（的原因），我相信。这可能会成为一种艺术选择。
I understand where you’re coming from, but this is not true. In the northern hemisphere, the Sun is always in the south, so sunlight hits the ground at an angle. This angle fluctuates throughout the year as the Sun rises higher in the summer and lower in the winter, but as long as you’re not standing near the Equator, there will always be an angle.
Rain, on the other hand, almost never falls directly down because precipitation generally coincides with wind. Thus, water droplets also fall at an angle, though usually significantly less than that of sunlight.
Keeping a building dry while controlling sunlight exposure is one of the most fundamental aspects of architectural design, so most of what I said in my post is actually pretty common knowledge. The only difference is that I tried to incorporate those principals in traditional East Asian architecture.
我明白你的意思，但不是这么回事。在北半球，太阳总是在南方，所以阳光以一定角度照射地面。这个角度全年都在波动，因为太阳在夏天升得更高，在冬天降得更低，但只要你不是站在赤道附近，总会有一个角度。
另一方面，雨水几乎从不直线降落，因为降水通常与风重合。因此，水滴也以一定的角度落下来，尽管通常比阳光的角度要小得多。
保持建筑干燥，同时控制阳光照射是建筑设计的一个最基本的方面，所以我在我的帖子中所说的大部分实际上是相当普遍的知识。唯一的不同是，我试图将这些原则融入到传统的东亚建筑中。