拿破仑・波拿巴有哪些很棒但鲜为人知的事迹？

Mohamed Boubendir
Once upon a time, I lived in France5y

穆罕默德·布本迪尔
我曾在法国生活过，距今已有五年。

Originally Answered: What are the little known facts about Napoleon Bonaparte?

原回答问题：拿破仑·波拿巴有哪些鲜为人知的冷知识？

Napoleon was a bit of a lost romantic in his late teenage and early adult years. He wrote a romance novella called Clisson et Eugénie, which is about a young soldier Clisson in love with Eugénie, who after learning that she was cheating on him when he was at war, placed himself in the thick of battle in despair, dying a glorious death. Keep in mind that this was before he met Josephine.

拿破仑在青少年晚期到成年初期，算得上是一位失意的浪漫主义者。他创作过一部爱情中篇小说《克利松与欧仁妮》，故事讲述年轻士兵克利松深爱欧仁妮，却在战场得知对方背叛自己，最终绝望地投身激战，壮烈牺牲。要知道，这些都是他遇见约瑟芬之前的经历。

Napoleon organized the first-ever recorded snowball fight when he was in school. He emulated a battle and a siege. Napoleon also hated losing. When the school acted out the Punic Wars, Napoleon was placed on the Carthaginian side. He threw a tantrum until he allowed to join the Roman side.

拿破仑在上学期间，组织过史上有记载的第一场雪球大战，他还仿照真实战争与围城战设计了整场活动。拿破仑极度讨厌失败，学校排练布匿战争剧目时，他被分配到迦太基阵营，当场大发脾气，直到被允许换到罗马阵营才罢休。

Napoleon used snuff heavily, which is snorting tobacco. He also drank wine regularly, but there is no recorded instance of him being drunk.
When Napoleon was in his twenties (before he became famous), women considered him to be pale, morose, unattractive, quiet, and generally disagreeable. However, his gaze was very powerful. Tsar Alexander I himself made mention of Napoleon's eyes which were so mesmerizing that he could not bear to look at them.

拿破仑有很重的鼻烟瘾，经常吸食鼻烟，同时他也会规律饮用葡萄酒，但没有任何史料记载他曾醉酒。
拿破仑二十多岁、尚未声名鹊起时，在女性眼中肤色苍白、性格阴郁、样貌平平、沉默寡言，整体并不讨人喜欢。但他的目光极具震慑力，沙皇亚历山大一世曾亲口提及，拿破仑的双眼极具魅力，让人不敢直视。

When Napoleon was retreating from the Middle East back to Egypt, many of his soldiers caught the bubonic plague. However, there was one surgeon who refused to treat them. Napoleon forced him to stand in the streets of Cairo wearing women's clothes and a sign around his neck which read: I do not deserve to be a French citizen, I fear death.

拿破仑从中东撤退返回埃及途中，大批士兵感染了腺鼠疫，却有一名外科医生拒绝救治伤员。拿破仑逼迫这名医生身着女装站在开罗街头，脖子上挂着标牌，上面写着：我不配做一名法国公民，我畏惧死亡。

Napoleon had awful handwriting. When someone pointed it out to him, he responded that when one has so many ideas, the hand cannot keep up. He had many aides who wrote down his rapid-fire orders.

拿破仑的字迹十分潦草，有人向他指出这一点时，他回应道，当一个人脑海中涌现无数想法时，手部的书写速度根本跟不上。他有多名副官，专门负责快速记录他下达的指令。

Italian was his first language. He spent much of his childhood to young adulthood hating France, despite attending French military schools.
He had a small garden during his education in Brienne. When a coalition of hundreds of thousands of soldiers invaded France in 1814, Napoleon fought a battle around Brienne, and the only place he could remember was a small tree where he read Tasso’s Jerusalem Delivered.

意大利语是他的母语，尽管在法国军事院校求学，他从童年到青年时期的很长一段时间里，都对法国抱有抵触情绪。
在布里埃纳求学期间，拿破仑拥有一座小花园。1814年，数十万反法联军入侵法国，拿破仑在布里埃纳周边作战时，脑海中唯一清晰记得的，是自己曾在一棵小树下阅读塔索的《被解放的耶路撒冷》。


Mohit Sharma
Knows a lot about History.Upvoted by Arhin Shadrack, BA History & Political Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (2022)

莫希特・夏尔马
熟知历史。获阿拉欣·沙德拉克 点赞，夸梅·恩克鲁玛科技大学历史与政治学学士（2022届）

Originally Answered: What are some interesting facts about Napoleon?

原回答问题：拿破仑有哪些有趣的冷知识？

1 Wife of Napoleon Bonaparte cheated on him twice. Her name was Josephine.
2. He was 5 feet and 7 inch tall.
3. Napoleon was not a French. He was Corsican. He always hated France as they made the invasion of Corsica. He joined French army as Lieutenant in Artillery.

1.拿破仑·波拿巴的妻子约瑟芬曾两次背叛他。
2. 他身高5英尺7英寸，约合1.70米。
3. 拿破仑并非法国人，而是科西嘉人。他一直憎恨法国，因为法国曾入侵科西嘉岛。他以炮兵中尉的身份加入法国军队。

4. 24 year old Captain Bonaparte fought the battle of Toulon against the British and Spanish forces and played a major role in the victory. “It was Toulon where I proved myself for first time.” He said. Bonaparte was promoted to Brigadier General at the age of 24.
5. Rebellion broke out in Paris against new French revolutionary government. Brigadier Bonaparte was asked to stop the rebellions. He was never in the favour of firing on rebellions but young general hated chaos even more. Now he became general of France’s Internal Army. He was just 26.

4. 24岁的波拿巴上尉参加了土伦战役，对抗英国与西班牙联军，并在胜利中起到关键作用。他曾说：“土伦是我第一次证明自己的地方。”波拿巴在24岁时就被晋升为准将。
5. 巴黎爆发了反对法国新革命政府的叛乱，准将波拿巴受命镇压。他本不赞成向叛乱者开火，但这位年轻将领更痛恨混乱。此后他成为法国国内军总司令，年仅26岁。

6. He became the emperor of France in 1804 at the age of 35 years. “I saw the crown of France laying on the ground, so I picked it up with my sword.” He made several invasions in Europe. Victory after Victory. His army was now renamed as La Grand armee (The Grand Army).
7. He wa badly defeated in the Russia. Not by the Russian army but by the Russian winter. He attacked Russia with 6,00,000 soldiers and returned with just 95,000 soldiers.

6. 1804年，35岁的他成为法国皇帝。他曾说：“我看见法国的王冠掉在地上，便用剑将它拾起。”他在欧洲发动多次征战，连战连捷，他的军队也被更名为“大军团”。
7. 他在俄国遭遇惨败，击败他的并非俄军，而是俄国的寒冬。他率领60万士兵远征俄国，最终仅9.5万人返回，幸存率不足16%。

8. Napoleon resigned from the post of emperor of France in 1814. He was defeated by coalition of Britain, Austria and Russia. Bonaparte was just 15 miles away from Paris when he came to know that the city has surrendered. Defeat in Russia played a major role in this.
9. He ate poison after resigning. But poison couldn't kill him (as destiny had chosen something even greater for him). He was caught and sent to Elba. Throughout the way he remembered that how much in life he gained and all that he lost.

8. 1814年，拿破仑辞去法国皇帝之位，他被英、奥、俄组成的反法同盟击败。当得知巴黎投降时，他距离巴黎仅15英里，约合24.14公里。俄国之战的惨败是导致这一结局的重要原因。
9. 退位后他服毒自尽，却并未死去（仿佛命运为他安排了更重大的归宿）。他被抓获并流放至厄尔巴岛，一路上，他回想自己这一生得到的一切，也回望所有失去的过往。

10. He was made the emperor of Elba. There he formed the administration for good governance. Louis 18 was made the emperor of France but he was an incompetent king. He couldn't govern France well. Napoleon was watching all these events from Elba. He made a historic march from Elba to Paris.

10. 他成为厄尔巴岛的君主，并在岛上建立了完善的行政体系。路易十八成为法国国王，却昏庸无能，无法有效治理法国。拿破仑在厄尔巴岛注视着这一切，随后发动了从厄尔巴岛重返巴黎的历史性行军。

11. Some infantry units were deployed to stop Napoleon. Napoleon came ahead and said “If you want to kill your general then here I am”. To which the soldiers shrouded, “Long live the emperor”. Napoleon now entered the city of Paris. He became the emperor of France for the second time in 1815.

11. 有步兵部队奉命拦截拿破仑。拿破仑走上前说道：“如果你们想杀死自己的将军，那我就在这里。”士兵们随即高呼：“皇帝万岁！”拿破仑顺利进入巴黎，于1815年第二次登基成为法国皇帝。

12. In 1815, in battle of Waterloo he was defeated by Prussian army and British army. After the defeat he made the resignation from the post of Emperor of France for the second time.
13. He was arrested and sent to the Saint Helena island and was stripped from the title of Emperor. In his last days he said, “To die is nothing but to live defeated and without glory is to die every day.”
14. When he came to know about the death of Josephine, he didn’t come out of his room for two days.
15. Napoleon always wnted to die the death of a warrior. He used to say, “If the Christ had not been crucified, He would have not been considered as the God by Humans.”

12. 1815年，他在滑铁卢战役中被普鲁士与英国联军击败。战败后，他第二次辞去法国皇帝的职位。
13. 他被逮捕并流放至圣赫勒拿岛，皇帝头衔也被剥夺。晚年时他曾说：“死亡本无足轻重，可带着失败与屈辱苟活，无异于日日赴死。”
14. 得知约瑟芬的死讯后，他把自己关在房间里，整整两天没有出门。
15. 拿破仑一直渴望以战士的方式死去。他曾说：“倘若基督没有被钉上十字架，人类便不会将他奉为神明。”

On 5 May 1821, Napoleon died on Saint Helena Island.

1821年5月5日，拿破仑在圣赫勒拿岛离世。

Mohamed Boubendir

穆罕默德・布本迪尔 曾在法国生活

Originally Answered: What are some interesting facts about Napoleon?

原回答问题：拿破仑有哪些有趣的冷知识？

Aside from religious figures, Napoleon Bonaparte is the most well-recorded human being in the history of the world. No other person has been subject to as much writing, memoirs, and biographies than him.
Napoleon’s first language was Italian - and his real name Napoleone di Buonaparte.

除宗教人物之外，拿破仑·波拿巴是人类历史上被记录最详尽的人。没有任何人像他一样，被如此多的著作、回忆录和传记记载与研究。
意大利语是拿破仑的母语，他的本名为拿破仑·迪·波拿巴。

He always spoke French with a Corsican accent.
In his childhood years at the school Brienne, he participated in the first ever recorded snowball fight.
Napoleon was a regular user of snuff - snorting tobacco.
Napoleon loved baths and spent hours in them, having his assistants read to him the journals, especially the ones from Britain.

他说法语时始终带着科西嘉口音。
在布里埃纳军校的童年时期，他参加了史上有文字记载的第一场雪球大战。
拿破仑长期吸食鼻烟，也就是通过鼻腔吸入烟草粉末。
拿破仑酷爱泡澡，常常一泡就是数小时，期间会让助手为他朗读报刊，尤其是英国的刊物。

Napoleon lost his virginity at 18, to a prostitute. He wrote about his meeting with her (omitting, of course, the act), and both the French and English versions are here:The boyhood and youth of Napoleon; some chapters on the life of Bonaparte, 1769-1793

拿破仑在18岁时与一名妓女发生了初次性行为。他记录下了与对方的相遇（自然隐去了亲密细节），相关内容的法语与英文版本均收录于《拿破仑的少年与青年时代：波拿巴生平章节，1769—1793》一书中。

Napoleon was an extreme misogynist; he genuinely thought women were naturally inferior to men.
There s not a single recorded instance of Napoleon being drunk.
Napoleon had very brisk dinners, taking twenty or thirty minutes, and they were silent.'

拿破仑是极端的厌女主义者，他真心认为女性天生就不如男性。
没有任何史料记载拿破仑有过醉酒的经历。
拿破仑的晚餐十分迅速，通常只用20到30分钟，而且全程保持安静。

He was an extremely generous and forgiving man - this was shadowed by a murderous lack of fear to kill.
Napoleon, when planning his invasion of Britain in 1803, considered using hot air balloons to carry some troops across the Channel.

他为人极度慷慨且宽容，可这份温和，又被他杀伐果断、毫不畏惧杀戮的一面所掩盖。
1803年策划入侵英国时，拿破仑曾考虑使用热气球，运送部分部队横渡英吉利海峡。

Martin Guerra Vidal

马丁・格拉・比达尔

Originally Answered: What are the ten things that not everyone knows about Napoleon Bonaparte?

原回答问题：关于拿破仑·波拿巴，有哪十件鲜为人知的事？

I've just read Machiavelli's the prince with Napoleon's notes and i can say quite a lot of things i learned of him. I will try to write the specific notes.
He considered himself a descendant of Hieron II of Syracuse.
To him, the church is a great tool to be used, to the point of saying how he would like to have the papal power. 291. 300. 673.

我刚读完带有拿破仑批注的马基雅维利《君主论》，从中了解到很多关于他的细节，我会尽量整理出这些具体批注内容。
他认为自己是叙拉古国王希伦二世的后裔。
在他看来，教会是可以利用的强大工具，他甚至直言，自己希望拥有教皇的权力。（批注页码：291、300、673）

Despite of the former point he was a devout christian. At one point for instance Machiavelli speaks of how great of a prince Moses was even if only because he got to talk to the Eternal (God) to wich Napoleon writes: i don't aspire for such greatness, whiteout the wich i go beyond. 103.

尽管如此，他仍是一名虔诚的基督徒。比如马基雅维利在书中提到，摩西之所以是伟大的君主，仅仅因为他能与上帝对话。对此拿破仑批注道：我不渴求这种伟大，即便没有神启，我也能超越凡俗。（批注页码：103）

He didn't wrote much becasue he considered it a waste of time (since a Prince should dedicate himself only at the art of war): he says “people ask me if I'll write my memoirs, do they take me for a fool? Doing such would be like abdicating, bad enough is for my brother to waste his time on verses”. 366.

他很少动笔写作，认为这是浪费时间——在他看来，君主理应全心钻研战争艺术。他曾说：“有人问我会不会写回忆录，他们把我当成傻子吗？写回忆录无异于放弃权位，我的兄弟把时间浪费在写诗上就已经够糟糕了。”（批注页码：366）

When walking trough the street he played a game: He discussed to himself或 to others how to defend a certain place or how to attack it. 380.
He admits to mess up peace negotiations, leaving causes for conflict in the future. 612.

走在街上时，他会玩一个“游戏”：独自琢磨或是和旁人讨论，某一处地点该如何防守、又该如何进攻。（批注页码：380）
他承认自己曾搞砸和平谈判，为日后的冲突埋下了隐患。（批注页码：612）

His figure of admiration and emulation was Charlemagne, but also Caesar, Atila and Tamerlan! (The first two are obvius, but Atila and Tamerlan? Interesting). 383.
He agrees with Machiavelli that mercenaries are cowards but he excepts the Swiss. 304.

他崇拜并效仿的人物包括查理曼大帝，还有凯撒、阿提拉和帖木儿！前两位在意料之中，但阿提拉与帖木儿着实令人意外。（批注页码：383）
他认同马基雅维利的观点，认为雇佣兵大多怯懦，却唯独将瑞士雇佣兵排除在外。（批注页码：304）

To him and Machiavelli there is a line that must not be crossed. Machiavelli writes: what would make him (the prince) be hated the most would be to show himself thievish, usurping his subject's properties, or taking their women, of wich he must abstain absolutely. To wich Napoleon writes: Est modus in rebus. 479.

他与马基雅维利都认为，君主执政有不可逾越的底线。马基雅维利写道：最让君主遭人憎恨的，莫过于贪婪、侵占臣民财产、强占他人妻女，君主必须绝对杜绝这些行为。对此拿破仑批注：万事皆有度。（批注页码：479）

A reference to roman poet Horace: Est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum. There is a measure in all things; and, moreover, certain limits on either side of which right cannot be found.
He constantly accuses Machiavelli of being a moralist. (everywhere like in 2017 and 221.)
Those are my 10 things. But there is of course much more.
If there are translation issues, sorry. I read it in Spanish. Btw i can't recommend this book enough.

这句话引自罗马诗人贺拉斯：万事皆有度，万物皆有界，逾越界限便无正义可言。
他始终指责马基雅维利是道德家，书中多处都有类似批注，例如页码201、221处。
以上就是我整理的十件事，当然关于拿破仑的细节还有很多
若翻译存在疏漏，敬请谅解，我阅读的是西班牙语版本。另外，我强烈推荐你去读这本带批注的《君主论》。

Dima Vorobiev Former Soviet propaganda executive Upvoted by Stephen Doucher, MA History, Wright State University and Riley James, M.B.A History, University of Massachusetts, Boston(2025)

季马·沃罗比耶夫 前苏联宣传部门负责人。获赖特州立大学历史学硕士斯蒂芬·杜彻、马萨诸塞大学波士顿分校历史学工商管理硕士莱利·詹姆斯点赞。

Originally Answered: What are some interesting facts about Napoleon?

原回答问题：拿破仑有哪些有趣的冷知识？

The French won 5:1
In 1807, Napoleon was awarded the highest decoration of the Russian Empire, the Order of St. Andrew. Along with him, the Czar gave the order to his brother, two of his generals, and his foreign minister. Interestingly, for the war against Napoleon on the Russian territory in 1812, only one Russian general received the order.

法军的授勋比例是五比一。
1807年，拿破仑被授予俄罗斯帝国最高勋章——圣安德烈勋章。沙皇同时将这枚勋章颁给了拿破仑的兄弟、两名将领以及外交大臣。有意思的是，在1812年俄国本土抗击拿破仑的战争中，仅有一名俄国将领获得了这一勋章。

The use of guerilla
The first brush with non-conscxted Russian militia fighters (Zémskoye opolchéniye)—a kind of Volkssturm glorified by Leo Tolstoy in the War and Peace novel— Napoleon had during the Friedland Battle in 1807.

游击战的运用。
拿破仑第一次遭遇俄国非征召民兵（泽姆斯科耶民兵，也就是列夫·托尔斯泰在《战争与和平》中歌颂的人民冲锋队），是在1807年的弗里德兰战役中。

During the War of 1812, the Zémskoye opolchéniye was the first successful experience of government-organized guerrilla warfare in Russia. Along with the Cossacks, they participated in the disruption of Napoleon’s logistics between Smolensk and Moscow. The task of the force was originally to stop a possible French march from Moscow to St. Petersburg. After several defeats at Napoleon’s hand in Europe, the Czar didn’t have much faith in the ability of his regular troops to stop the French in正规 battles.

1812年卫国战争期间，这支民兵是俄国首次成功组织的官方游击战力量。他们和哥萨克骑兵一起，破坏拿破仑军队在斯摩棱斯克与莫斯科之间的后勤补给线。这支部队最初的任务，是阻止法军可能从莫斯科向圣彼得堡的进军。在欧洲战场接连败给拿破仑之后，沙皇对正规军在正面会战中阻挡法军的能力已经不抱太多信心。

Russia’s HR blunder
Napoleon twice applied to enlist in the Russian military in 1789. He was rejected because of a disagreement concerning his rank.
War prairie-style
Evidently inferior in battle capacity, the Russian army in 1812 pursued the old tactic of nomads in the Cumanian prairies. Retreat, torch, destroy everything you leave behind, and harass the rears of the advancing enemies with lightning attacks.

俄国的人事失误。
1789年，拿破仑曾两次申请加入俄国军队，最终因为军衔问题未能达成一致而被拒绝。
草原式战争战术。
1812年的俄军战斗力明显处于劣势，于是沿用了库曼草原上游牧民族的古老战术：撤退、纵火、摧毁所有遗弃的物资，再用闪电式袭击袭扰前进敌军的后方。

Napoleon was greatly puzzled by our Czar’s scorched earth policy all the way east to Moscow. He even sent a letter to Alexander I, where he wrote: “Why destroy one of the most beautiful cities in the world, the work of centuries, for so paltry an end? It is the same line of conduct that has been followed from Smolensk and has left 600,000 families homeless.” He called this defense tactic “the new thing.”

对于沙皇一路向东直到莫斯科都推行的焦土政策，拿破仑感到十分困惑。他甚至给亚历山大一世写信，信中写道：“为何要为了如此微不足道的目的，毁掉这座历经数百年建成、世界上最美丽的城市之一？从斯摩棱斯克开始就是这套做法，已经让六十万个家庭无家可归。”他称这种防御战术是“前所未有的手段”。

In our history books, the devastation along the route of French advancement is ascribed to the French themselves.
Below, members of the Russian militia in 1812. The commoners from cities and the junior gentry were given smoothbores with bayonets. The conscxted serfs were provided with pikes and axes. Leo Tolstoy called this arrangement “the bludgeon of people’s war.”

而在我们的历史课本里，法军进军路线上的一切破坏，都被归咎于法军自己。
下图是1812年的俄国民兵。城市平民与低级贵族配发带刺刀的滑膛枪，被征召的农奴则配备长矛和斧头。列夫·托尔斯泰将这种配置称作“人民战争的巨棒”。


Ryan Jiang College Student

蒋瑞恩 大学生

Originally Answered: What are the little known facts about Napoleon Bonaparte?

原回答问题：拿破仑·波拿巴有哪些鲜为人知的冷知识？

Most everyone goes through a messy teenager phase in life, and Napoleon was no exception. However, his antics were much more drawn out and extreme than most.
Napoleon, passionate teenager and later Emperor of France

几乎每个人都有过混乱的青春期，拿破仑也不例外。只不过他的叛逆行为持续时间更长，也比大多数人更加极端。
满腔热血的少年，后来的法国皇帝——拿破仑。

In his teenage years, Napoleon spent significant time writing a series on the history of Corsica. Corsica was originally an independent country but was taken over a few years before Napoleon’s birth. The Bonaparte independence spirit lived on in the family, however, with both of his parents formerly been freedom fighters. Napoleon was bullied in school for his Corsican roots and gained a reputation for being stubborn.

青少年时期，拿破仑花了大量时间撰写科西嘉历史系列文稿。科西嘉原本是独立国家，在拿破仑出生前几年被法国吞并。但波拿巴家族始终怀揣独立信念，他的父母都曾是争取自由的斗士。拿破仑因为科西嘉血统在学校遭受霸凌，也落下了性格固执的名声。

Jean Jacques Rousseau, enlightenment philosopher and writer of hard to read books

让-雅克·卢梭，启蒙思想家，文风晦涩难懂的作家。

And out of all the countries in Europe, Rousseau identifies one country that has the potential to reach democracy: Corsica. (It is of note that Rousseau would later try to write a constitution for Corsica, per their request, but never finished it)

在全欧洲所有国家里，卢梭认为唯一一个有机会实现这种民主的国家，就是科西嘉。值得一提的是，卢梭后来曾应科西嘉人的请求，尝试为其起草宪法，但最终未能完成。

Napoleon, who had been shamed all his life for his Corsican roots, found validation in the famous philosopher. Driven by Rousseau’s philosophy, he started on a history of Corsica, trying to document the entirety of the island’s history. History often has connotations of obxtiveness, but Napoleon ignored it. His writings were filled with anti-French sentiment and emotion and were fervently Corsican nationalist. These writings almost ended his career, if it weren’t for Napoleon’s decision to send them to his mentor Abbe Dupuy, who recommended toning down the anti-French rhetoric.

一生都因科西嘉血统遭受偏见的拿破仑，在这位著名思想家身上找到了认同。在卢梭思想的驱动下，他开始撰写科西嘉史，试图完整记录这座岛屿的过往。历史本应追求客观，但拿破仑全然不顾这一点。他的文稿充满反法情绪与个人情感，是立场激进的科西嘉民族主义文字。这些文稿险些断送他的军旅生涯，幸好他将稿件交给了导师迪普伊神父，神父建议他缓和其中的反法论调。

For most people, their teenage antics would have ended there, but not for Napoleon. In 1789, the National Assembly took power in France, and Napoleon took the opportunity to apply for leave. When his leave was approved, he left for Corsica. Due to the ideology of the National Assembly, Corsica was turned into a French province, instead of a mere colony, and Paoli, the leader of the failed resistance a few years before Napoleon’s birth, returned. Napoleon, influenced by the revolutionary atmosphere in France and still passionate about Corsican independence, drew up plans to seize the fortress in Ajaccio and turn the town into a revolutionary commune similar to Paris, but the people of the town disagreed. A pariah, Napoleon was forced to return to France in 1791.

对大多数人而言，青春期的叛逆到此就会结束，但拿破仑不会。1789年，法国国民议会掌权，拿破仑借机申请休假，获批后便返回科西嘉。受国民议会政策影响，科西嘉从单纯的殖民地变为法国的一个省，拿破仑出生前几年领导抗法失败的领袖保利也重返科西嘉。深受法国革命氛围感染、同时依旧执着于科西嘉独立的拿破仑，制定计划夺取阿雅克肖要塞，想把这座城镇改造成和巴黎一样的革命公社，却遭到当地民众反对。被孤立的拿破仑，最终在1791年被迫返回法国。

Pasquale Paoli, Corsican resistance leader and later statesman

帕斯夸莱·保利，科西嘉抵抗运动领袖，后成为政治家。

However, being Napoleon, he didn’t give up. He returned again between 1791 and 1792 and led another attack which failed. This time, Napoleon had overstayed his welcome, and his leave, and lost his position in the army in February of 1792. Thankfully for the future emperor, he quickly got his position back, as out of Napoleon’s graduating class of 56 officers, only 6 remained: the rest had died or fled the country, making Napoleon valuable.

但拿破仑从不会轻易放弃。1791年至1792年间，他再次回到科西嘉，领导又一次行动，最终依然失败。这次他不仅彻底失去当地民心，还超期未归队，在1792年2月被革除军职。对这位未来皇帝而言幸运的是，他很快官复原职——他那一届共有56名军官毕业，最终只剩6人留在军中，其他人要么战死，要么流亡国外，拿破仑因此变得十分稀缺。

Evidently feeling lucky based on his reinstatement, Napoleon decided to go to Corsica a third time, perhaps believing that the third time's the charm. Upon his arrival, he joined a Corsican volunteer battalion. His superior officer, Lieutenant Colonel Quenza, was untrained and put Napoleon in charge. After being ordered by the French minister of war to attack Sardinia, Napoleon and his troops sailed over and opened fire on a fortified island. Napoleon, however, was quickly ordered to retreat. Disgusted with the order, Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon’s younger brother, accused Paoli, who was effectively the dictator of Corsica, of trying to deliver Corsica to England. At the time, France was at war with England, and Paoli had taken refuge in England between his exile and return to Corsica. Paoli retaliated, and the Bonaparte family was forced to flee for their lives. Napoleon finally abandoned his teenage antics in 1793.

官复原职的拿破仑似乎觉得时来运转，决定第三次前往科西嘉，或许他相信事不过三、必有转机。抵达后，他加入了科西嘉志愿营。他的上级昆扎中校缺乏军事素养，将指挥权交给了拿破仑。接到法国战争大臣进攻撒丁岛的命令后，拿破仑率军渡海，对设防的岛屿发起炮击。但他很快又接到撤退指令。拿破仑的弟弟吕西安·波拿巴对这一命令十分不满，指控当时实际掌控科西嘉的保利，企图将科西嘉拱手送给英国。当时法国正与英国交战，而保利在流亡与重返科西嘉之间，曾在英国避难。保利展开报复，波拿巴全家被迫仓皇出逃。1793年，拿破仑终于彻底放下了年少时的执念。

Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon’s little brother who accidentally brought an end to his elder brother’s antics

吕西安·波拿巴，拿破仑的弟弟，意外终结了哥哥年少时的激进举动。

If you ever feel like you carried on with an immature dream of yours for far too long, remember that Napoleon kept acting like he was an adolescent until he was forced to stop at the age of 24, and yet still managed to nearly conquer all of Europe twice.

如果你觉得自己执着于不成熟的梦想太久，不妨想想拿破仑：他一直带着少年般的偏执行事，直到24岁才被迫收手，却依然两度近乎征服整个欧洲。

Sources: Robert Asprey’s The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and Jean Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract

资料来源：罗伯特·阿斯普雷《拿破仑·波拿巴的崛起》、让-雅克·卢梭《社会契约论》。

Thu Shin Theravada Buddhist

杜欣 上座部佛教信徒

Originally Answered: What are some interesting facts about Napoleon?

原回答问题：拿破仑有哪些有趣的冷知识？

It's more of an urban legend than an actual event. But it is quite interesting.
Legend has it that Napoleon spent a night alone in king's chamber of the Great Pyramid during his military campaign in Egypt.

这与其说是真实发生的历史事件，不如说是一则都市传说，但内容十分有意思。
相传拿破仑在埃及征战期间，曾独自在吉萨大金字塔的国王墓室度过一整晚。

While Napoleon was exploring the inner sanctum of the great pyramid of Giza, he asked his men to leave him alone and decided to spend the night in king's chamber. After enjoying his night in king's chamber alone, it is reported that he looked scared and shaken visibly. When asked by one of his aides about what happened, he refused to offer any explanation about his experience of the night.

拿破仑在探索吉萨大金字塔内部密室时，让随从全部离开，决定独自在国王墓室过夜。据记载，独处一夜后，他神色明显惊恐、心神不宁。有副官询问当晚发生了什么，他始终拒绝透露自己的经历。

What actually happened to him at that night and what caused him looked frightened still remained a mystery to this day as he took that to his grave.
When he was on his death bed,one of his friends asked him what he had wittnessed in king's chamber.

当晚他究竟遭遇了什么，又为何会如此恐惧，时至今日依然是未解之谜，因为他把这个秘密带进了坟墓。
拿破仑临终之际，一位朋友问他在国王墓室里究竟看到了什么。

Napoleon refused to reveal again. All he said was "No, what’s the use. You’d never believe me.”
What caused someone like Napoleon looked shaken and scared at that night in the Great Pyramid?
Why he refused to reveal?
Why he though no one would believe?
These all are mysterious but can never be uncovered.

他依旧拒绝透露，只说道：“算了，说了也没用，你们根本不会相信我。”
究竟是什么让拿破仑这样的人在金字塔之夜惊慌失措？他为何始终闭口不言？又为何觉得没人会相信他？这些疑问都充满神秘色彩，却永远无法揭开真相。

Petra Grill hobby writer of historical fiction

佩特拉·格里尔 历史小说业余作者

Originally Answered: What are the lessor known facts about Napoleon?

原回答问题：拿破仑有哪些鲜为人知的冷知识？

He had a penchant for interfering in the love life of his family and subordinates – usually with horrible results. I'm just not sure if he actually meant well and simply was extremely misguided in his projects, or if he did it on purpose and took some sadistic pleasure from it.

拿破仑热衷于插手家人和下属的感情生活，而且结局往往一塌糊涂。我不确定他是出于好意却判断失误，还是故意为之，从中获得施虐般的快感。

Most famous example is probably his brother Louis who had fallen in love with Émilie de Beauharnais. Napoleon immediately married the girl off to one of his ADCs (Lavalette – who indeed was the lucky one as Émilie later would safe his life after the »Hundred Days«). Two years later, he talked his very serious and pensive brother Louis into a marriage with Josépine's rather fickle, self-absorbed and overly romantic daughter Hortense. As could be expected, it was a desaster.

最著名的例子大概是他的弟弟路易，路易爱上了埃米莉·德·博阿尔内。拿破仑立刻把这个女孩嫁给了自己的副官拉瓦莱特——拉瓦莱特也算幸运，百日王朝之后，正是埃米莉救了他的命。两年后，拿破仑又劝说性格严肃、多愁善感的路易，娶了约瑟芬的女儿奥尔唐斯。奥尔唐斯生性善变、自私又极度浪漫，不出所料，这段婚姻最终彻底失败。

His brother Lucien had wisely not asked Napoleon's consent or even opinion before marrying. In the end, Lucien had to exile himself because Napoleon was constantly trying to get him to divorce his wife and to marry the widowed queen of Etruria.

他的弟弟吕西安结婚时很明智，没有征求拿破仑的同意，甚至没有告知他。但最终吕西安还是被迫自我流放，因为拿破仑一直逼迫他和妻子离婚，改娶伊特鲁里亚的寡后。

The youngest Bonaparte brother Jérôme had also married without asking big brother first, one Miss Elizabeth Patterson from Baltimore, Maryland. Napoleon (emperor by then) simply refused to acknowledge this marriage, and Jérôme was coerced into giving up his first wife and remarrying with a German princess. In her diaries empress Marie Louise refers several times to Jérôme’s wife complaining about her husband constantly cheating on her.

波拿巴家最小的弟弟热罗姆，同样未经兄长同意就成婚，妻子是来自马里兰州巴尔的摩的伊丽莎白·帕特森小姐。彼时已经称帝的拿破仑，直接拒绝承认这段婚姻，逼迫热罗姆抛弃原配，迎娶一位德国公主。玛丽·路易丝皇后在日记中多次提到，热罗姆的妻子抱怨丈夫不断出轨。

Then there's the case of Caulaincourt, Napoleon's »grand écuyer«, who in 1806 fell in love with Madame de Canisy. Madame de Canisy had been married to a relative at a very young age; she asked Napoleon to allow her to divorce so she could marry Caulaincourt. He refused. When he finally agreed, he had Madame de Canisy removed from court and refused Caulaincourt his permission to marry her because he did not want any divorced women at court. It took the couple until 1814 to finally get married.

还有科兰古的例子，他是拿破仑的宫廷总管，1806年爱上了卡尼西夫人。卡尼西夫人年纪很小时就嫁给了自己的亲戚，她请求拿破仑允许她离婚，以便和科兰古结婚，遭到了拿破仑的拒绝。等拿破仑最终松口时，又把卡尼西夫人逐出宫廷，同时禁止科兰古迎娶她，理由是他不允许离异女性出现在宫廷中。这对恋人直到1814年才最终完婚。

And finally, Berthier, Napoleon's chief-of-staff. Berthier fell in love with another married woman, Madame Visconti, in 1796, during the first campaign of Italy. Madame Visconti was the love of his life. Berthier was 35 and Madame Visconti 26 at the time. They could not marry, as for an Italian woman divorce was simply unthinkable. But they lived together in Paris, with Madame Visconti openly doing the »honneurs« in Berthier's house. It was absolutely clear to everyone that this was »Berthier's woman«; they were an odd but very happy couple.

最后是拿破仑的总参谋长贝尔蒂埃。1796年第一次意大利战役期间，贝尔蒂埃爱上了已婚的维斯孔蒂夫人，她是他一生的挚爱。当时贝尔蒂埃35岁，维斯孔蒂夫人26岁。两人无法结婚，因为对当时的意大利女性而言，离婚是无法想象的事。但他们在巴黎同居，维斯孔蒂夫人公开以女主人的身份打理贝尔蒂埃的家事。所有人都心知肚明她是“贝尔蒂埃的女人”，两人组合看似怪异，却过得十分幸福。

Napoleon mercilessly and publicly mock Berthier's passion for years but to no avail. When he finally made Berthier prince of Neuchatel, he demanded that Berthier took a wife in order to have an heir. Berthier argued and struggled for two more years, but then he had to obey. He married another German princess, thirty years younger than him. A couple of weeks after that, Madame Visconti's husband died.

多年来，拿破仑一直毫不留情地当众嘲讽贝尔蒂埃的这段感情，却毫无效果。后来他册封贝尔蒂埃为纳沙泰尔亲王，要求他必须娶妻诞下继承人。贝尔蒂埃抗争了两年，最终还是不得不服从，迎娶了一位比他小三十岁的德国公主。而就在婚礼几周后，维斯孔蒂夫人的丈夫去世了。

In the end, Berthier did get the better of Napoleon, however: He simply introduced his two ladies to each other – and those two immediately became friends. It was the beginning of a happy ménage-à-trois. Very much to Napoleon's fury.

但最终，贝尔蒂埃还是胜过了拿破仑：他把两位女性介绍给彼此，两人很快成了朋友，开启了一段和睦的三人生活，这让拿破仑大为恼火。

Joy Watkins Former Retired

乔伊·沃特金斯 已退休

Originally Answered: What are the ten things that not everyone knows about Napoleon Bonaparte?

原回答问题：关于拿破仑·波拿巴，有哪十件鲜为人知的事？

He was terrified of cats.
He loved to soak in VERY hot bath water----his servants wondered how he did it.
He had his servants break in new boots for him!

他极度害怕猫。
他喜欢泡温度极高的热水澡，仆人们都好奇他怎么能忍受。
他会让仆人帮自己把新靴子穿到合脚。

His favorite meal was a whole roast chicken----had to be ready day and night at all times.
He did not understand why people liked music. (Surprising because he was a mathematical genius).
He lost belief in God at an early age.

他最爱的食物是一整只烤鸡，而且要求全天随时都能端上来。
他无法理解人们为什么喜欢音乐，这很令人意外，毕竟他是数学天才。
他在很年轻的时候就不再信仰上帝。

He lived on four hours of sleep a night. Very few people can do that.
He threw tantrums if some one presented him with an issue he considered beneath his attention.
This one is fairly well known, but I'll add it. He despised women in general.
He suffered from feeling cold (remember the hot baths)? Thyroid problems? Who knows?

他每晚只睡四个小时，很少有人能做到这一点。
如果有人向他汇报他认为不值一提的小事，他就会大发脾气。
这件事相对广为人知，但我还是提一下：他普遍看不起女性。
他总是觉得冷，这也能解释他为什么喜欢泡热水澡。是甲状腺问题吗？没人知道。

Craig Haydock Served in Vietnam, then as General Manager CEO manufacturing

克雷格·海多克 曾服役于越南战场，后担任制造业总经理、首席执行官

Originally Answered: Do you have any interesting or surprising facts about Napoleon that are not widely known?

原回答问题：你知道拿破仑有哪些不为人知、又很有趣或意外的冷知识吗？

He was Italian by birth, & only French because they invaded & took over Corsica. He is said to have had an appalling French accent. He attempted to start a resistance movement in Corsica against the French & was only saved from being宣布为叛徒 by the Revolution. If he had not been given an army to command, he was going to offer his services to the Ottoman Empire. Once there, he would have been given an army, which he was going to use against the Sultan, & then take over the country. He really had no particular love for France, & was just a power hungry opportunist.

拿破仑出生时属于意大利族群，他之所以成为法国人，只是因为法国入侵并占领了科西嘉岛。据说他的法语口音非常糟糕。他曾试图在科西嘉发起反抗法国的抵抗运动，若非法国大革命爆发，他早就被定为叛徒。如果没有获得军队指挥权，他原本打算投靠奥斯曼帝国。一旦前往，他会争取一支军队，反过来推翻苏丹，吞并整个国家。他对法国并没有特殊的感情，只是一个渴望权力的投机者。

Otto Bihrer Studied at Technical University of Darmstadt

奥托比勒 曾就读于达姆施塔特工业大学

Originally Answered: What are some things people don't know about Napoleon Bonaparte?

原回答问题：人们不知道拿破仑·波拿巴的哪些事？

Napoleon wrote his own history in which he glorified himself.
But he was nothing but a mass murdering sociopath with a low IQ, a genocidal maniac, who mass murdered his way through Europe all the way to Egypt, where he left his troops to rot, the same as he did in Moscow. He bankrupted France and the rest of Europe, he killed the youth of Europe in senseless wars, he set Europe back by a century. There was nothing good about that sociopath, not a thing.

拿破仑亲自撰写个人传记，在书中极力美化自己。
但他本质上就是一个智商低下、嗜杀成性的反社会者，是种族灭绝的疯子。他一路大肆杀戮，横扫欧洲直至埃及，在埃及抛弃部下任其自生自灭，在莫斯科也是如此。他让法国乃至整个欧洲陷入破产，在毫无意义的战争中葬送了欧洲的年轻一代，让欧洲的发展倒退了一个世纪。这个反社会者没有任何可取之处，一无是处。

France went from the Revolution getting rid of a king to total chaos, to crowning another King out of desperation. Thye crowned a war-monger sociopath, a man, who was great at mass murder, nothing else.

法国从大革命推翻君主，陷入全面混乱，最终又在绝望中拥立了另一位“君主”。他们拥立的是一个好战的反社会者，一个除了大肆屠杀之外一无所长的人。

People will defend him by claiming he build a better governmental system, which is total bullshit. He build libraries and destroyed 10 times more, than he build. He caused nothing but havoc, death, spread disease with his huge armies and destruction in Europe. Watch the Movie “Les Miserables” with Russell Crowe.

有人会为他辩解，称他建立了更完善的行政体系，这完全是无稽之谈。他修建了一些图书馆，但摧毁的数量是修建的十倍之多。他带给欧洲的只有浩劫、死亡，他的庞大军队散播疾病、制造毁灭。可以去看罗素·克劳主演的电影《悲惨世界》。

One could say, he did sell Louisiana to the USA and that was maybe his only good dead. For the USA.

唯一能提及的，大概就是他把路易斯安那卖给美国，这或许是他唯一做过的好事，但也只是对美国而言。