分析显示，英国生活在“极度贫困”中的人数创历史新高
Record number of people in UK live in ‘very deep poverty’, analysis shows
译文简介
“就像生活中的大多数事情一样，简单的方法往往是错误的，而艰难的方法往往才是正确的。”——《卫报》报道。
正文翻译
Record number of people in UK live in ‘very deep poverty’, analysis shows
-Joseph Rowntree Foundation finds problem is ‘deeper and more damaging than at any point in the last 30 years’
分析显示，英国生活在“极度贫困”中的人数创历史新高
——约瑟夫·朗特里基金会发现，问题“比过去30年的任何时候都更严重、更具破坏性”。
(Food bank use is highest among those in very deep poverty, classed as households that cannot afford to stay warm, dry, clean, clothed and fed.)
（食品银行在极度贫困的家庭中的使用率最高，这些家庭被归类为无法负担保暖、干燥、清洁、衣物和食物的家庭。）
新闻：
The UK’s poorest families are getting poorer, with record numbers of people classed as in “very deep poverty” – meaning their annual household incomes fail to cover the cost of food, energy bills and clothing, according to analysis.
分析显示，英国最贫困的家庭正变得越来越穷，被归为“极度贫困”的人数达到创纪录水平，这意味着他们的家庭年收入无法支付食品、能源账单和服装费用。
Although overall relative poverty levels have flatlined in recent years at about 21% of the population, life for those below the breadline has got materially worse as they try to subsist on incomes many thousands of pounds beneath the poverty threshold.
尽管近年来总体相对贫困水平持平，约占人口的21%，但那些生活在贫困线以下的人的生活已经变得更糟了，因为他们试图依靠比贫困线还低数千英镑的收入来维持生活。
About 6.8 million people – half of all those in poverty – were in very deep poverty, the highest number and proportion since records began three decades ago, said the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF), which carried out the analysis.
进行这项分析的约瑟夫·朗特里基金会称，大约有680万人——占所有贫困人口的一半——处于极度贫困状态，创30年前有记录以来人数和占比最高。
Households on the lowest incomes were still experiencing a cost of living crisis four years on, with millions of people forced to go without food, falling behind on household bills and having to borrow to survive, said JRF.
基金会表示，四年来，收入最低的家庭仍在经历生活成本危机，数百万人被迫没有食物，无法支付家庭账单，不得不借钱生存。
“Poverty in the UK is still not just widespread, it is deeper and more damaging than at any point in the last 30 years,” said Peter Matejic, the JRF’s chief analyst.
“英国的贫困问题不仅普遍存在，而且比过去30年的任何时候都更严重、更具破坏性，”基金会首席分析师彼得·马泰奇表示。
Very deep poverty is defined as less than 40% of the UK poverty threshold after rent. The average income of a household in very deep poverty is 59% below the poverty line. For a couple with two young children this amounts to £16,400 or below.
极度贫困被定义为扣除租金后收入水平低于英国贫困线的40%。极度贫困家庭的平均收入比贫困线低59%。对于一对有两个孩子的夫妇来说，这相当于16400英镑或更低。
Although households move in and out of very deep poverty, about 1.9 million people (3%) in the UK are persistently in this category. A couple with two young children in very deep poverty would need to earn an extra £14,700 a year to entirely move out of poverty.
尽管英国家庭在“极度贫困”类别上保持流动，但仍有约190万人（3%）长期处于这一类别。一对有两个孩子的极度贫困夫妇需要每年多挣1.47万英镑才能完全摆脱贫困。
The most recent estimates show about 3.8 million UK people experienced destitution – a category even more extreme than very deep poverty, in which households cannot afford to stay warm, dry, clean, clothed and fed, the JRF said.
基金会表示，最近的估计显示，约有380万英国人处于赤贫状态，这一类别甚至比极度贫困更为极端，因为极度贫困的家庭负担不起保暖、干燥、清洁、衣服和食物。
The analysis draws on data for the year 2023-24, the final year of the last Conservative government and the latest for which official figures are available. No progress in reducing poverty was made under the Tories between 2010-11 and 2023-24, the JRF concludes.
该分析利用2023年至2024年的数据，这是上届保守党政府的最后一年，也是官方数据可用的最新年份。基金会总结道，在2010-11至2023-24年间，保守党在减少贫困方面没有取得任何进展。
The JRF welcomed Labour’s recent child poverty strategy, including its scrapping of the two-child benefit limit, which it said would herald the biggest fall in child poverty over a parliament since records began in the 1960s.
基金会对工党最近的儿童贫困战略表示欢迎，包括取消两个孩子的福利限制。基金会表示，这将预示着自上世纪60年代有记录以来，一届议会时期的儿童贫困人口将出现最大降幅。
But it warned “there remains a seeming lack of urgency and sense of direction” towards tackling hardship beyond the focus on child poverty. Rising numbers of people were food insecure, basic rates of benefits were low and Labour’s manifesto promise to end mass dependence on food banks was making slow progress.
但它警告说，在解决儿童贫困问题之外的困难问题上，“似乎仍然缺乏紧迫感和方向感”。越来越多的人没有食物保障，基本福利率很低，工党在宣言中承诺结束对食品银行的大规模依赖，但进展缓慢。
Matejic said: “When nearly half of the people in poverty are living far below the poverty line, that is a warning sign that the welfare system is failing to protect people from harm.
马泰奇说：“当近一半的贫困人口生活在贫困线以下时，这是一个警告信号，表明福利制度未能保护人们免受伤害。
“People want to feel like the country is turning a corner. That means taking action on record levels of deep poverty so everyone can afford the essentials. It means making people feel supported rather than being one redundancy or bout of ill health away from failing to make ends meet.”
“人们希望感受到这个国家正在转变。这意味着对创纪录的深度贫困采取行动，让每个人都能负担得起必需品。这意味着要让人们感到有支持，而不是因为裁员或健康状况不佳而入不敷出。”
A government spokesperson said: “We understand that too many families are struggling, and we are taking decisive action to address poverty by boosting the national living wage by £900, cutting energy bills by £150 from April, and launching a £1bn Crisis and Resilience Fund to help households stay afloat.
一位政府发言人说：“我们知道有太多的家庭在挣扎，我们正在采取果断行动解决贫困问题，将全国最低生活工资提高900英镑，从4月起削减150英镑的能源费用，并启动10亿英镑的危机和恢复基金来帮助家庭维持生计。
“As this report acknowledges, scrapping the two-child limit alongside our wider strategy will lift 550,000 children out of poverty by 2030 – the biggest reduction in a single parliament since records began.”
“正如这份报告所承认的那样，到2030年，取消二胎限制以及我们更广泛的战略将使55万儿童摆脱贫困，这是有记录以来单一议会时期的最大削减。”
-Joseph Rowntree Foundation finds problem is ‘deeper and more damaging than at any point in the last 30 years’
分析显示，英国生活在“极度贫困”中的人数创历史新高
——约瑟夫·朗特里基金会发现，问题“比过去30年的任何时候都更严重、更具破坏性”。
(Food bank use is highest among those in very deep poverty, classed as households that cannot afford to stay warm, dry, clean, clothed and fed.)
（食品银行在极度贫困的家庭中的使用率最高，这些家庭被归类为无法负担保暖、干燥、清洁、衣物和食物的家庭。）
新闻：
The UK’s poorest families are getting poorer, with record numbers of people classed as in “very deep poverty” – meaning their annual household incomes fail to cover the cost of food, energy bills and clothing, according to analysis.
分析显示，英国最贫困的家庭正变得越来越穷，被归为“极度贫困”的人数达到创纪录水平，这意味着他们的家庭年收入无法支付食品、能源账单和服装费用。
Although overall relative poverty levels have flatlined in recent years at about 21% of the population, life for those below the breadline has got materially worse as they try to subsist on incomes many thousands of pounds beneath the poverty threshold.
尽管近年来总体相对贫困水平持平，约占人口的21%，但那些生活在贫困线以下的人的生活已经变得更糟了，因为他们试图依靠比贫困线还低数千英镑的收入来维持生活。
About 6.8 million people – half of all those in poverty – were in very deep poverty, the highest number and proportion since records began three decades ago, said the Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JRF), which carried out the analysis.
进行这项分析的约瑟夫·朗特里基金会称，大约有680万人——占所有贫困人口的一半——处于极度贫困状态，创30年前有记录以来人数和占比最高。
Households on the lowest incomes were still experiencing a cost of living crisis four years on, with millions of people forced to go without food, falling behind on household bills and having to borrow to survive, said JRF.
基金会表示，四年来，收入最低的家庭仍在经历生活成本危机，数百万人被迫没有食物，无法支付家庭账单，不得不借钱生存。
“Poverty in the UK is still not just widespread, it is deeper and more damaging than at any point in the last 30 years,” said Peter Matejic, the JRF’s chief analyst.
“英国的贫困问题不仅普遍存在，而且比过去30年的任何时候都更严重、更具破坏性，”基金会首席分析师彼得·马泰奇表示。
Very deep poverty is defined as less than 40% of the UK poverty threshold after rent. The average income of a household in very deep poverty is 59% below the poverty line. For a couple with two young children this amounts to £16,400 or below.
极度贫困被定义为扣除租金后收入水平低于英国贫困线的40%。极度贫困家庭的平均收入比贫困线低59%。对于一对有两个孩子的夫妇来说，这相当于16400英镑或更低。
Although households move in and out of very deep poverty, about 1.9 million people (3%) in the UK are persistently in this category. A couple with two young children in very deep poverty would need to earn an extra £14,700 a year to entirely move out of poverty.
尽管英国家庭在“极度贫困”类别上保持流动，但仍有约190万人（3%）长期处于这一类别。一对有两个孩子的极度贫困夫妇需要每年多挣1.47万英镑才能完全摆脱贫困。
The most recent estimates show about 3.8 million UK people experienced destitution – a category even more extreme than very deep poverty, in which households cannot afford to stay warm, dry, clean, clothed and fed, the JRF said.
基金会表示，最近的估计显示，约有380万英国人处于赤贫状态，这一类别甚至比极度贫困更为极端，因为极度贫困的家庭负担不起保暖、干燥、清洁、衣服和食物。
The analysis draws on data for the year 2023-24, the final year of the last Conservative government and the latest for which official figures are available. No progress in reducing poverty was made under the Tories between 2010-11 and 2023-24, the JRF concludes.
该分析利用2023年至2024年的数据，这是上届保守党政府的最后一年，也是官方数据可用的最新年份。基金会总结道，在2010-11至2023-24年间，保守党在减少贫困方面没有取得任何进展。
The JRF welcomed Labour’s recent child poverty strategy, including its scrapping of the two-child benefit limit, which it said would herald the biggest fall in child poverty over a parliament since records began in the 1960s.
基金会对工党最近的儿童贫困战略表示欢迎，包括取消两个孩子的福利限制。基金会表示，这将预示着自上世纪60年代有记录以来，一届议会时期的儿童贫困人口将出现最大降幅。
But it warned “there remains a seeming lack of urgency and sense of direction” towards tackling hardship beyond the focus on child poverty. Rising numbers of people were food insecure, basic rates of benefits were low and Labour’s manifesto promise to end mass dependence on food banks was making slow progress.
但它警告说，在解决儿童贫困问题之外的困难问题上，“似乎仍然缺乏紧迫感和方向感”。越来越多的人没有食物保障，基本福利率很低，工党在宣言中承诺结束对食品银行的大规模依赖，但进展缓慢。
Matejic said: “When nearly half of the people in poverty are living far below the poverty line, that is a warning sign that the welfare system is failing to protect people from harm.
马泰奇说：“当近一半的贫困人口生活在贫困线以下时，这是一个警告信号，表明福利制度未能保护人们免受伤害。
“People want to feel like the country is turning a corner. That means taking action on record levels of deep poverty so everyone can afford the essentials. It means making people feel supported rather than being one redundancy or bout of ill health away from failing to make ends meet.”
“人们希望感受到这个国家正在转变。这意味着对创纪录的深度贫困采取行动，让每个人都能负担得起必需品。这意味着要让人们感到有支持，而不是因为裁员或健康状况不佳而入不敷出。”
A government spokesperson said: “We understand that too many families are struggling, and we are taking decisive action to address poverty by boosting the national living wage by £900, cutting energy bills by £150 from April, and launching a £1bn Crisis and Resilience Fund to help households stay afloat.
一位政府发言人说：“我们知道有太多的家庭在挣扎，我们正在采取果断行动解决贫困问题，将全国最低生活工资提高900英镑，从4月起削减150英镑的能源费用，并启动10亿英镑的危机和恢复基金来帮助家庭维持生计。
“As this report acknowledges, scrapping the two-child limit alongside our wider strategy will lift 550,000 children out of poverty by 2030 – the biggest reduction in a single parliament since records began.”
“正如这份报告所承认的那样，到2030年，取消二胎限制以及我们更广泛的战略将使55万儿童摆脱贫困，这是有记录以来单一议会时期的最大削减。”
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Like most things in life, the easy way is usually wrong and the hard way is usually right. It's easy to blame immigrants for all our trouble. It's harder and requires far more time to blame Thatcher & Blair's neoliberalism and the rich.
When people say if you tax the rich they will leave the UK, they fail to understand they have already left for tax purposes. So whether you tax the rich or not is largely irrelevant - their money is offshore. They have already left. Tax them all you like you won't get an awful lot.
The answer? Fix public services. Sort out Council Tax so the wealthy with huge houses have to pay more for their houses, and the poor pay less. Get local councils properly working again. Get national inspectors into every authority. Sort pot holes, highways, childrens social care, SEND, adult social care, planning, town centres, built environment, public transport, social housing (end Right to Buy), massive house building programme (mainly social housing).
All of this will significantly help the poor.
就像生活中的大多数事情一样，简单的方法往往是错误的，而艰难的方法往往才是正确的。人们很容易将我们所有的麻烦都甩锅给移民。而更困难且需要花费更多时间的，是将责任归咎于撒切尔夫人和布莱尔的自由市场经济政策以及富人身上。
当人们说如果对富人征税，他们就会离开英国时，他们没有理解的是，他们已经出于税收目的而离开了。所以，无论你是否对富人征税，这在很大程度上都无关紧要——他们的钱已经转移到了海外。他们已经离开了。你对他们征再多的税，也糟糕不到哪里去了（反正也留不住他们）。
答案是什么呢？改善公共服务。解决市政税的问题，让拥有大房子的富人为他们的房子支付更多税款，而让穷人支付更少的税款。让地方议会重新正常运转起来。让国家监察员进入每一个机构。解决坑洼道路、高速公路、儿童社会福利、特殊教育需求、成人社会福利、规划、城镇中心、建筑环境、公共交通、社会住房（包括“购买权”政策）、大规模建房计划（主要是社会住房）等问题。
所有这些都将极大地帮助穷人。
Aliman581
Taxes are too low in the country. On a £40k wage you pay only 19% in tax in Germany you'd pays 34.5% it's why their services are way better
这个国家的税收太低了。4万英镑的工资你要付19%的税，在德国你要付34.5%的税，这就是为什么人家的（公共）服务要好得多
WinHour4300
Comparing headline tax rates ignores costs. Germans pay more tax, but also far less rent/childcare/travel costs (it's regulated)/free education etc. and so can afford to.
Sure make people pay more tax but how about first bring rents, mortgage and childcare costs down to German levels lol.
As well: - German tax pays for way way more social security - UK isn't just lower tax it's short termism costs more long term - German low and middle income salaries are much higher than the UK
将名义税率进行比较忽略了实际成本。德国人缴纳的税款更多，但他们的房租、儿童保育、旅行费用（这些费用是受政府调控的）以及免费教育等开支却少得多，因此他们能够承担得起。
当然，要让人们多缴纳一些税款，但首先应该把租金、房贷和儿童保育费用降低到德国的水平，呵呵。
此外：德国的税收用于支付更多的社会保障费用——英国的税收不仅税率较低，而且存在短期主义的弊端，长期来看成本更高——德国的中低收入者的工资水平远高于英国
WinHour4300
Yeah it's just maths innit. Bring in a million migrants, housing demand increases, rent increases, poor get poorer rich get richer. Oh and freeze local housing allowance at old rent levels too for good measure.
是的，这只是数学问题。引进100万移民，住房需求增加，租金上涨，穷人越来越穷，富人越来越富。哦，还有，把当地住房补贴冻结在原来的租金水平上。
tosher11
We don't manufacturer hardly anything anymore! We can't All serve behind a computer for a job ! Birmingham City UK was once the power house of the world City of a thousand trades. All gone .now is just millions of students doing pointless degrees And a few international property owners sighponing off millions from renting flats to students
我们几乎不生产任何东西了！我们不能都在电脑后面工作！英国伯明翰市曾经是世界千业之城的中心。现在都没了。现在只有数百万学生在攻读毫无意义的学位，以及一些国际房地产所有者从租房给学生中抽走了数百万美元
Realistic-River-1941
The UK does a lot of manufacturing, but it is specialist stuff which doesn't need large unskilled workforces.
英国有很多制造业，但都是专业的东西，不需要大量的非熟练劳动力。
plano_Speech6168
"The UK does a lot of manufacturing"
Wrong. Some is not a lot. China does a lot. UK does some.
“英国有很多制造业”
错。“有一些”不等于“很多”。中国有很多。英国有一些。
Realistic-River-1941
It is one of the top manufacturing countries: 10th globally according to a random list Google finds me. But it is not especially visible, and we like to talk it down.
英国也是顶级制造业国家之一：根据我找到的谷歌随机列表，它是全球第10位。但它不是特别明显，并且我们喜欢淡化它。
olderlifter99United Kingdom
Most of the suggestions I am reading here will make 1% or 2% difference. They arent going to move the needle so to speak. Giving money away ( benefits, pensions, etc) isnt tbe answer either. The only way out of poverty, and make it stick long term, is to grow the economy, bring inward investment, invest in our growth industries and the things we are successful in, invest in growth industries (AI, EVs Quantum) and give people opportunities to get better paid jobs. As hard as this sounds, it means sacrificing the futures of some people now ( think Thatcher years) to have a brighter future later ( think Blair before he wrecked it).
我在这里看到的大多数建议带来的影响都只1%或2%的变化而已，可以说这些改变并不会产生太大的影响。慷慨地发放福利（比如补助金、养老金等等）也不是解决办法。摆脱贫困并使其长期持续下去的唯一途径是促进经济发展、吸引外来投资、投资于我们的增长型产业以及我们擅长的领域、投资于增长型产业（人工智能、电动汽车、量子技术）并为人们提供获得更高薪酬工作的机会。尽管这听起来很难，但这意味着要牺牲一些人的当下利益（想想撒切尔时代），以换取未来更加光明的前景（想想布莱尔破坏它之前的日子）。
PersonalityOld8755
Exactly right, I read yesterday on the bbc that 700,000 graduated students are now on UK, how is this helpful?.. it’s a massive drain and completely unsustainable.
They need opportunities. The ratios are so off.
完全正确，我昨天在BBC上读到，现在英国有70万毕业生，这有什么用？这是一种巨大的消耗，完全不可持续。
他们需要工作机会。比例太离谱了。
gentle_vik
And the push for even more benefits continues.... paid for by draining the productive parts of society even harder.
It's what happens when a majority of households arent net contributors.
When you arent the one paying for it, it's easy demanding ever increasing benefits to be "nice".
Same largely for public sector workers.. when politics determines your wage, it's easy to support "nice benefit spending" as your are insulated from the cost of it and can just support politicians that would give you more money.
而且追求更多福利的势头仍在持续……这是以进一步剥夺社会中富有生产力的部分成员的权益为代价实现的。
这就是当大多数家庭并非净贡献者时会发生的情况。
当不是你来承担费用时，要求不断增加的福利以显得“友善”就变得很容易了。
对于公共部门的工作人员来说也是如此……当政治决定你的工资时，支持“慷慨的福利支出”很容易，因为你不会承担其成本，而且可以支持那些会给你更多钱的政客。
Both-Mud-4362
Im not surprised people have been saying for years minimum wage is far below what would be considered a livable wage.
Then the fact that there is a predatory graduate tax.
Plus little to no support as NHS medical care and dentistry have been stripped back. Along with UC and childcare being stripped. It's hardly surprising. God eventhe majority of the middle class are feeling poor. I cou myself in that I earn above minimum wage as does my husband but after all the bills are paid we have £0.12 left over each month. That doesn't even cover a new pair of socks if needed.
多年来，人们一直都在说最低工资远远低于能维持生计的水平。
接着又出现了掠夺性的毕业生税。
再加上几乎没有相关的支持措施，比如国家医疗服务体系的医疗服务和牙科服务都被削减了。还有大学学费和儿童保育服务也被取消了。这些情况也就不足为奇了。甚至大多数中产阶级也感觉生活拮据。我自己也是如此，我丈夫和我挣的工资都高于最低工资标准，但在支付完所有账单后，每个月还剩下0.12英镑。这甚至连买一双新袜子的钱都不够。
DisastrousPhoto
Housing is just far too expensive. No need to be radical, just build more council and private homes.
住房实在是太贵了。没有必要采取激进的措施，只要建造更多的廉租房和私人住宅就行了。
ironmaiden947
We are way beyond that. The only thing that will save the UK is extreme rent control, a 2 house cap limit for everyone, and property price ceilings, where it is illegal to sell any property for more than £X (where X is the result of a formula that takes in inflation, city, property size etc).
我们远不止于此。唯一能拯救英国的是极端的租金管制，每个人都有2套房子的上限，以及房地产价格上限——以超过X英镑的价格出售任何房产都是非法的（其中X是考虑通货膨胀、城市、房地产规模等因素的公式的结果）。
DisastrousPhoto
This would kill the economy, rent controls don’t work, and any city that has tried them have found that out. I also think we should respect property rights.
这将扼杀经济，租金控制不起作用的，任何尝试过的城市都发现了这一点。我还认为我们应该尊重财产权。
knowledgeseeker999
This is the result of tory austerity, not building enough social housing, right to buy, and we need to honest but mass immigration drives up rent.
这是保守党紧缩政策的结果，没有建造足够的社会住房，没有购买权，我们需要诚实面对，但大规模的移民推高了租金。
One-Network5160
That's what happens when you define poverty as a percentage of medium wage.
The article doesn't say what poverty is, I suspect it's because of that.
当你把贫困定义为中等工资的百分比时，就会发生这种情况。
这篇文章并没有说贫穷的具体标准是什么，我怀疑是因为这个原因。
BaBeBaBeBooby
Almost no one lives in "very deep poverty" in the UK. All the basics are provided free of charge to those who need it. Go to the 3rd world to see "very deep poverty". Not the UK.
在英国，几乎没有人生活在“极度贫困”之中。所有基本的东西都免费提供给需要的人。去第三世界看看“极度贫困”吧。别在英国。
hal_4000
Scary but true.
When I'm in the UK, every six months, I expect +10% to be added to items, and have not yet been let down the last year or so.
Prices of food is spiralling out of control, energy as well.
Seriously wonder where this is going to end up.
可怕但却是事实。
每当我在英国的时候，每隔六个月，我都会预期商品价格会上涨10%左右，而在过去一年左右的时间里，我都没有失望过。
食品价格正在失控地上涨，能源价格也是如此。
真不知道这到底会发展到何种地步。
Past_Humor8321
UK blames moslems just like Hitler blamed Jews. But military spending keeps going up and up. The higher poverty goes up, the more military spending goes up. Maybe poor and hungry people can eat the missiles and weapons.
英国指责穆斯林，就像希特勒指责犹太人一样。但军费开支一直在上升。贫困程度越高，军费开支就越高。也许穷人和饥饿的人可以吃导弹和军火。