国外热议：一口气看完中华五千年朝代更替历史

@xarkadyax
TIMESTAMPS AND SUMMARIES
00:10 xia Dynasty (earliest documented dynasty) approx: 2070-1600 BC
00:47 Shang Dynasty 1600 - 1050 BC (bronze artifacts discoveries for sacrificial rituals, easrliest bone inscxtions for divination)
1:27 Zhou Dynasty 1050 - 256 BC (Tianming)
2:04 Warring states / Spring and Autumn Period 722 - 221 BC (Confucius, Philosophy arise)
2:55 Qin Dynasty 221 - 206 BC (First Empire, unification of culture, books anc cultural arson, terracotta army. EXTRA: this dynasty started the construction of the Chinese GREAT WALL!)
4:09 Han Dynasty 202 BC - 220 AD (Long period of prosperity, silk road, trade with the roman empire)
4:32 Three Kingdoms period 220 - 265 AD
4:55 jin Dynasty
5:37 Northen and Southern Dynasties Period 420 - 589 AD (Spread of buddhism)
6:30 Sui Dynasty 581 - 618 AD (first buddhist ruler, military campaign against korea)
6:55 Tang Dynasty 618 - 907 AD (Chinese golden age, examination system, arise of poetry and tea popularity)
8:32 960 - 1279 AD Song Dynasty (militarily weak but culture flourished with the Song Style paintings. EXTRA: this is the dynasty during which the feet binding practice reachesd its popularity peak!)
10:16 Liao Dynasty 907 - 1125 (foreign dynasty formed by the khitan population in the northen China)
10:50 jin Dynasty (founded by the Jurchen people, use of fire in the military field
12:20 Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian dynasty ruled by Kublai Kahn, capital Beijing, China as the centre of the world, worldwide spread of the Chinese culture. EXTRA: most of the information we know about this dynasty came from the stories of Marco Polo, an italian merchant!)
14:52 Ming Dynasty 1348 - 1644 (Chinese ruler spread of thaoism and arrival of christian missionaries, period of famine, trade problems with japanese and spanish)
17:40 Qing Dynasty 1644 - 1911 (manchu dinasty, last empire, manchu hairstyle, territorial expansion, trade with england)
19:57 OPIUM WARS (first 1839 to 1842, second 1856 to 1860)
Thanks for the video, it was a good way for me to review before my Chinese history exam (wish me luck)

时间轴与小结
00:10 夏朝（最早有记载的朝代）约公元前2070–1600年
00:47 商朝 1600–1050 BCE（出土的青铜祭祀器物、用于占卜的最早甲骨文）
1:27 周朝 1050–256 BCE（天命思想）
2:04 春秋战国 722–221 BCE（孔子、诸子百家兴起）
2:55 秦朝 221–206 BCE（第一个帝国，文化统一、焚书坑儒、兵马俑。额外：该朝代开始修筑中国长城！）
4:09 汉朝 公元前202–公元220年（长期繁荣，丝绸之路，与罗马帝国贸易）
4:32 三国时期 220–265年
4:55 晋朝
5:37 南北朝 420–589年（佛教传播）
6:30 隋朝 581–618年（首位佛教信奉者为主的统治者，对朝鲜的军事行动）
6:55 唐朝 618–907年（中国的黄金时代，科举制度，诗歌兴盛与茶文化普及）
8:32 宋朝 960–1279年（军事上较弱但文化繁荣，宋风画兴起。额外：女红缠足在这一时期达到流行高峰！）
10:16 辽朝 907–1125年（契丹人在中国北方建立的外族王朝）
10:50 金朝（女真族建立，军事上使用火器）
12:20 元朝（由忽必烈统治的蒙古王朝，国都北京，中国被视为天下中心，中国文化传播到世界。额外：我们对该朝代的许多认识来自意大利商人马可·波罗的记述！）
14:52 明朝 1348–1644年（道教传播、基督教传教士到来、灾荒频发、与日本和西班牙的贸易问题）
17:40 清朝 1644–1911年（满族王朝，最后的帝制，满族发型，版图扩张，与英国通商）
19:57 鸦片战争（第一次1839–1842，第二次1856–1860）
谢谢你做的视频，这对我在中国历史考试前复习很有帮助（希望我好运）

@Carmen-g3r2p
Your comment is gold. Thank you

你的评论太棒了。谢谢

@chennick-i9m
Are you Chinese? If you were Chinese, you wouldn't say "Our understanding of this dynasty mostly comes from the stories of the Italian merchant Marco Polo!"

你是中国人吗？如果你是中国人，你不会说“我们对这个朝代的了解大多来自意大利商人马可·波罗的记述！”

@xarkadyax
I'm actually italian like he was, so we probably got the most informations from him, then they were spread to europe and possibly around the world through his book "il milione" where he tells about his journey

我其实和他一样是意大利人，所以我们可能确实从他那里得到最多的信息，然后这些通过他的书《一千万》（Il Milione）传到欧洲，甚至可能传播到全世界，书中记述了他的旅行见闻。

@chennick-i9m
@xarkadyax Then it doesn't matter. It's normal for foreigners not to be familiar with Chinese history. What I'm curious about is whether Western history is also verified through multiple sources and cross-referencing? I know nothing about Western history.

@xarkadyax 那也无所谓。外国人不熟悉中国历史是正常的。我好奇的是，西方历史是否也是通过多种来源和互相考证来验证的？我对西方历史一无所知。

@insanityisfine
you find me in a very Chinese time in my life

发现我生活在一个非常中国的时刻。

@Slim_Edy
All of us have this era, I literally listened to PRC anthem from Mao's time

我们都有这么个时期，我甚至真的听过毛时代的中华人民共和国国歌。

@Dietcoke03
His pronunciation of Chinese words is top notch. This alone brings lots of credibility.

他中文发音一流。光这一点就很增加可信度。

@freemanol
Many youtubers dare to claim to be experts, while butchering Chinese pronunciation. "Chin shear weighing" for Qin shi huang, for example.

很多YouTuber胆敢自称专家，但中文发音糟糕透顶。比如把“秦始皇”念成“Chin shear weighing”那样。

@AnOldFashionedWoman
@freemanol , yeah, experts who can't even be bothered to learn how to pronounce Chinese words correctly. However, this gentleman's pronunciation is very good.

@freemanol 对，那些连怎么正确发中文都懒得学的“专家”。不过这位主讲人的发音确实很好。

@nguyennambinh5565
@freemanol He doesn't claim to be an expert. And as a long time Chinese learner, I confirm his pronunciation is excellent.
Do not judge things you don't know so quickly.

@freemanol 他并不自称专家。作为长期学中文的人，我可以确认他的发音很棒。别那么快对不懂的事情妄下判断。

@BenbobsonFondu
@nguyennambinh5565 they said many YouTubers, not this youtuber.

@nguyennambinh5565 他们说的是许多YouTuber，不是指这个YouTuber。

@ScaredNerd
especially when he showed 。。。 man. that's how i know this wasnt a *** propaganda channel.

尤其是他放出“TK人”的画面，那让我知道这频道不是***宣传频道。

@Dietcoke03
@ScaredNerd this is pure high quality content, not matter if *** pays him or not.

@ScaredNerd 这是纯正高质量内容，不管中G有没有付钱给他。

@4nDi
That’s because he studied aboard in China to learn Mandarin

那是因为他曾在中国留学学普通话。

@ymc7496
I’ve always wanted to learn more about Chinese history, but I couldn’t because teachers butcher the Mandarin and it becomes very confusing to distinguish between different dynasties. He is so smart to follow each dynasty introduction with the characters — and his pronunciation is very precise — my parents would be proud!

我一直想学更多中国历史，但以前老师把普通话念得很糟糕，所以很难分清各朝代。他非常聪明，每介绍一个朝代就跟上汉字——而且发音非常准确——我爸妈会为他骄傲！

@cloudywong1432
I don't care and I don't want to accept it

我不在乎，也不想接受（。

@cephasliu

Except for his pronunciation of 秦 haha
就是“秦”字的发音例外，哈哈。

@learnlikeluke
Whats even more interesting is how he was westernised the pronunciation a bit in comparison to when he actually speaks Chinese, making it slightly easier for non Chinese speakers to identify the sounds while also not diverging too far from the Mandarin way.

更有趣的是，他在念英文讲解时把发音稍微“西化”了一些，相比他用中文说时更易于非汉语者辨认发音，但又没有偏离普通话太远。

@blackconfucius888

The way we pronounces 信 xin and 秦 qin wrong. He pronounces 秦 like chin, but the correct pronunciation is more like cheen (rising tone).
我们把“信”（xin）和“秦”（qin）发错了。他把“秦”念成类似“chin”，但正确发音更像“cheen”（上升音）。

@kuri7154
12:11 history always reminds me that "China" is more like the throne not the person sitting on it, it can be overthrown from the inside or conquered from the outside, but even when it's overthrown or conquered it is not destroyed. The Subjugator might force their identities their culture (even their DNA) onto China but at the same time, China seeps into them, until eventually, they've become the next China, more nuanced and more expansive than the last, recognisably different, yet in some ways, same as it's always been.

历史总提醒我，“中国”更像是那个王位，而不是坐在上面的人。王位可以被内部推翻或外部征服，但即便被推翻或征服，也不会被毁灭。征服者可能把他们的身份、文化（甚至基因）强加于中国，但与此同时，中国也渗入到他们之中，最终他们反而成为下一个“中国”——比之前更复杂、更广阔，表面可辨地不同，但在某些方面却又与过去相同。

@dayangmarikit6860
You've explained it very well. Those foreigners eventually became Chinese. That's why even when China breaks, it always comes back together.

你讲得很好。那些外来者最终都变成了中国人。这也是为什么即便中国分裂，最终仍能重新统一。
@尹政贤

Chinese civilization has continued to this day, and its greatest characteristic is "assimilation." No matter what dynasty or race becomes the ruler, they will eventually become part of Chinese civilization.

中国文明延续至今，其最大特点是“同化”。无论哪个朝代或哪种族成为统治者，最终都会融入中国文明。
@吃瓜群众-l8i

Pretty much that feeling.

差不多就是这种感觉。

@ennou1236
I honestly believe that's the curse/blessing born from the conception of the "mandate of heaven" philosophy, like it or not, believe in it or not, you can't destroy it and if you don't take it someone else will and it take your place, knowingly or not

我真心认为这既是“天命”观念带来的诅咒也是祝福。不管喜不喜欢、信不信，你都无法摧毁它；要是你不接受它，别人就会接受并取代你，无论你愿不愿意、知不知道。

@fredfang9800
@ennou1236 It is also possibly due to the geography of China, and the reunification by the Han dynasty which strengthens the idea of a unified and centralized system of govern. If xiangyu wins, we may have a fractured China that resembles current Europe.

这也可能与中国的地理有关，汉朝的统一加强了统一与中央集权体制的观念。如果项羽赢了，或许今天的中国会像现在的欧洲那样分裂。

@Ivan-bg1jp
This is what people can't understand, especially those who grew up in a completely different culture that this is the reason why China can claim to be the oldest continuous civilization. And I argue that it's the only one deserving of being called an "Empire" in East Asia prior to Meiji restoration Japan.

这正是很多人无法理解的——尤其是那些在完全不同文化里长大的人。这也是中国能宣称为“最古老连续文明”的原因。我认为，在明治维新之前的东亚，只有中国才配被称作“帝国”。

@santhoshkrishna463
@Ivan-bg1jp because the civilizations have their own definition of continuity what you are giving is Chinese viewpoint from my view China is not the oldest continous culture but india
my criteria being religions and languages
india also has a different way of denoting empires, the fact that despite being closer to persia, greeks and Muslims india has still kept it's unique culture,religions and languages intact unlike China which was isolated and had only needed to fight nomadic tribes surrounding it

每个文明对“连续性”有不同定义。你给的是中国视角。依我看，中国不是最古老连续的文化，印度才是。我的判断标准是宗教与语言。印度也有其标记帝国的方式；尽管更接近波斯、希腊和穆斯林世界，印度仍保留了独特的文化、宗教和语言，不像你说的中国那样孤立，只需对付周边游牧民族。

@Ru-yl1cv
@santhoshkrishna463 China isolated? What about the Silk Road?

@santhoshkrishna463 中国孤立？那丝绸之路算什么？

@santhoshkrishna463
@Ru-yl1cv And when did they OPEN the silk road They opened the silk road At a very late time period during the classical ERA
Neolithic, Bronze age China was isolated from Middle east and south Asia for 2000 years Pretty isolated and well protected from Massive Middle eastern empires like Achaemenids and Ummayads if You ask Me
@Ru-yl1cv

那他们是什么时候开通丝绸之路的呢？他们是在古典时代很晚的时期才开通丝绸之路的。
在我看来，新石器时代和青铜时代的中国，在长达2000年的时间里都与中东和南亚隔绝。这种隔绝使中国很好地被保护起来，远离了像阿契美尼德王朝和倭马亚王朝这样庞大的中东帝国。

@rosebomb9251
@santhoshkrishna463 people like to comment on things they don't understand, and so do you. For example, you don't know that more than 6,000 seashells were found in ancient tombs in China during the Bronze Age, some of which came from the Arabian Sea and some from the Bay of Bengal. There are also a small number of artifacts that are not native to China, such as bronze artifacts similar to today's car steering wheels.

@santhoshkrishna463 有人喜欢对不懂的事发表评论，你也是如此。比如你不知道在中国青铜时代的古墓中发现了6000多枚海贝，其中一些来自阿拉伯海、有些来自孟加拉湾。还有少量非本土文物，比如类似今天汽车方向盘的青铜器物。

@santhoshkrishna463
@rosebomb9251 people get Offended by the smallest of things Like you
I don't know how the so called people who made such discovery call Sea shells from Arabia or Bengal

@rosebomb9251 像你这样的人，什么小事都能冒犯到别人。
我不明白那些自称发现者的人，是怎么称呼来自阿拉伯或孟加拉的海贝的。

@rosebomb9251
@santhoshkrishna463 Haha, humans have the ability to know the origin of some things, why do you think people can't know this? Anyway, I'm based on public reports, and you have no basis for what you say.

@santhoshkrishna463 哈哈，人类是有能力判断某些物件的来源的，你凭什么觉得人们不能知道？无论如何我是根据公开报道说的，而你说的没有依据。

@santhoshkrishna463
@rosebomb9251 my basis is based on geography

@rosebomb9251 我的依据是地理学。

@santhoshkrishna463
@rosebomb9251 simply because people found seashells from ARABIA which in itself is a dubious claim what species of sea shell did they find ? to make the claim
and simply because you have sea shells from other regions doesn't mean you had contact with said region
An tamil Bronze bell was Found in australia the Aborigines used the 500 year old Bell as a sacred Item the bell itself was Not brought by indians But By austronesians who had contacts with the northern australian regional coasts
this doesn't constitute as Contact between Indians and Aborigines of australia

@rosebomb9251 仅仅因为有人声称在中国发现了“来自阿拉伯”的海贝，这个说法本身就值得怀疑——他们找到的是哪种海贝？怎么能据此下结论？再者，你在某地发现外域海贝并不必然意味着与该地区有直接接触。比如在澳大利亚发现的一口泰米尔风格的青铜钟，澳洲土著把这口500年历史的钟当作圣物，但这钟可能不是由印度人带来的，而是由与澳北海岸有接触的南岛语族人带来的——这并不等同于印度人与澳洲土著之间有直接接触。

@syncretik5762
I burst into tears reading this thank you for reminding me to be proud of being Chinese, it can be very hard sometimes

读到这里我都哭了 谢谢你让我重新为身为中国人感到自豪，有时这真的很难得。

@manjisthaghosh5277
I am from India and I am mesmerizing to hear history of China , oneday I will visit China. I want to Explore China's beauty.

我来自印度，听中国历史让我着迷。总有一天我要去中国，去探索中国的美。

@banyadben6632
I am Chinese born in Thailand. My parents came from China. I have been interested in my ancestors' history. Thank you so much for your creative content.

我在泰国出生，是华裔。我的父母来自中国。我一直对祖先的历史很感兴趣。非常感谢你创造这些有创意的内容。

@wyukigurumi
wow, your Chinese pronunciation is spot on for a non native speaker. Thank you for educating myself and others on your channel

哇，作为非母语者你的中文发音非常到位。谢谢你在频道上教育我和其他人。

@pto595
I am Chinese and a scholar in Chinese literature and history . Thanks for the straightforward yet in-depth account of Chinese history through the Dynasties, which serves as an excellent introduction of Chinese history to those who wants to learn something about China. Keep up with the good work and all the best.

我是中国人，从事中国文学与历史研究。感谢你通过朝代脉络给出的直白却深入的中国史叙述，这对想了解中国的人来说是极好的入门。继续保持，祝一切顺利。

@hiromywu3217
My father side of the family is Chinese, due to personal matter I do not have contact with them. However, I am trying to learn about China culture and I would like to know if there are any books that you may recommend. Thank you.

我父亲那边的家人是中国人，因个人原因我与他们没有联系。不过我正在学习中国文化，想请问你有没有推荐的书目？谢谢。

@Lulougonz
Sir , can you please explain about the Yelong ethnic tribes. I've come across a Genomics study that revealed our connection with these people. According to our oral history and folk songs, we once settled at Minhau( Mahou Taubei in our dialect). Some historians, anthropologists, also opined that we might have been migrated from Yunan Province during the reign of Shi-Huang-Di( Qin dynasty, 230-221 BCE). . The possible reason for their migration is forced labor and floods.Today, when we look at the indigenous tribes, we can hardly see any similarity in their traditional attires, dancces, or customary practices. According to Genomics study, Rongmei people, also known as Rongmei Naga, matched their DNA with those of the Chinese and Koreans. we Rongmei people according to study belong to ethnic Yelong tribes in China. How far it is true, and how authentic is this research.Can you please explain.

先生，能否请您解释一下“耶隆”（Yelong）族群？我看到一项基因组学研究揭示了我们的族人与这些人的关联。
根据我们的口述历史和民歌，我们曾经定居在明豪（Minhau，用我们的方言说是Mahou Taubei）。一些历史学家、人类学家也认为，我们可能是在秦始皇（秦朝，公元前230-221年）统治时期从云南省迁移而来的。迁移的可能原因是强迫劳役和洪水。
今天，当我们观察本地的其他土著部落时，几乎看不到在传统服饰、舞蹈或习俗实践上有任何相似之处。根据基因组学研究，龙梅人（Rongmei people，也称为Rongmei Naga）的DNA与中国人和韩国人匹配。该研究称，我们龙梅人属于中国的耶隆部落。
这到底有多真实？这项研究又有多可靠？能否请您解释一下。

@signoguns8501
I've only just got into Chinese history over the last year or two but now I am absolutely obsessed. It started when i first read Romance of the three kingdoms and the water margin outlaws. Now, I love everything about it- the history, the art, the architecture, the culture... Hopefully I will get to visit your beautiful country one day.

我是在过去一两年才开始接触中国史，但现在完全着迷。起因是我第一次读《三国演义》和《水浒传》。现在我爱中国的一切——历史、艺术、建筑、文化……希望有一天能去你们美丽的国家旅行。