历史上是否有哪个国家同时打过三线作战？

Has any country ever fought a three-front war?

Eugene Chia
尤金·贾

Military history/equipment buff
军事历史/装备爱好者

Imperial Japan did in WW2. In fact, there were more than 3 fronts most of the time: they were fighting in China, in the Southwest Pacific (which comprised several sub-campaigns), and in several other places at any given time.
At one point they were invading China, the Philippines, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies all at once. Doing pretty well too at that point.

这就是二战时期日本帝国的所作所为。事实上，大多数时候他们的战线都超过三条：彼时，日军同时在中国战场、西南太平洋战场（包含多个次级战役）以及其他多个地区作战。
日军曾一度同时入侵中国、菲律宾、马来亚和荷属东印度群岛，且在那段时期内进展颇为顺利。

Surrender of US forces at Corregidor, Philippines
Of course, that didn’t turn out too well in the long run.

美军在菲律宾科雷希多岛投降
当然，从长远来看，这样的攻势最终并未带来好的结果。

The US had forces engaged in all of those areas late war, as well as in Europe. British Empire forces were also fighting in many varied locations including the China-Burma-India theater, Europe, and Africa all at once.

二战后期，美军在上述所有地区均有驻军，同时还参与了欧洲战场的作战。大英帝国的军队也在多个不同战场同时投入战斗，范围涵盖中缅印战区、欧洲以及非洲。

Pat Sullivan 帕特・沙利文
  The Allies - USA and to a large part the UK/Comonwealth were active on FIVE fronts. Not only were they fighting on five fronts, but in 1944 and 1945, the Allied powers were conducting highly successful offensives on every one of them simultaneously - Northern Europe, Mediterranean, China/Burma/India, South Pacific, Central Pacific.

盟军——以美国为主，英国及英联邦国家也在很大程度上参与其中——活跃于五条战线上。盟军不仅在五条战线同时作战，还在1944至1945年间，于所有战线同步发起了攻势凌厉且战果丰硕的进攻，这些战线分别是北欧、地中海、中缅印、南太平洋以及中太平洋。

This was in addition to an anti-submarine war (Battle of the Atlantic), three Strategic Bombing Campaigns (RAF night bombing, USAAF daylight bombing and both day and night bombing of the Japanese Home Islands), and a full blown submarine war on Japanese shipping - sinking a LARGER amount of tonnage per year than anything the Kriegsmarine was able to accomplish.

除此之外，盟军还开展了一场反潜战（即大西洋海战）、三轮战略轰炸行动（英国皇家空军的夜间轰炸、美国陆军航空军的日间轰炸，以及对日本本土的昼夜不间断轰炸），并针对日本海上运输线发动了全面潜艇战——其每年击沉的日军舰船吨位，远超纳粹德国海军的战绩。

Oh, and both the UK and US were aiding a SIXTH front logistically (ammunition, fuel, foodstuffs, transport and weaponry) - all via three oceans (Indian, Atlantic, Pacific) and on three separate continents (Asia, Africa, Europe). So much so that the highest ranking Soviet General from that war stated flatly that:

此外，英国和美国还为第六条战线提供了后勤支援，供应的物资包括弹药、燃料、食品、运输工具及武器装备，而这些支援需要跨越印度洋、大西洋、太平洋三大洋，覆盖亚洲、非洲、欧洲三大洲。支援力度之大，就连二战时期苏联的最高军衔将领都曾直言不讳地表示：

"We didn't have explosives, gunpowder. We didn't have anything to charge our rifle cartridges with. The Americans really saved us with their gunpowder and explosives. And how much sheet steel they gave us! How could we have produced our tanks without American steel?". Gregory Zhukov, 1963

“我们当时既缺炸药，也少火药，连步枪子弹的填装物都无处寻觅。是美国人的火药和炸药救了我们，他们还向我们输送了海量的钢板。没有美国的钢材，我们又怎能生产出自己的坦克？”格奥尔基·朱可夫，1963年

 Gary Page 加里・佩奇
From 1864 to 1870, the war of the Triple Alliance was fought between Paraguay on one side, and Uruguay, Argentina, and Brazil on the other. Paraguay, the smallest of those countries, was the aggressor and attacked all 3 of its opponents at various times. Paraguay had initial success, but the combined strength of the other 3 countries eventually overwhelmed Paraguay and decimated its male population.

1864年至1870年间，三国同盟战争爆发，交战双方一方为巴拉圭，另一方为乌拉圭、阿根廷和巴西。在这几个国家中面积最小的巴拉圭是侵略方，它在不同时期分别向三个敌对国发起进攻。巴拉圭在战争初期取得了一定战果，但最终不敌三国联军的合力围剿，国内男性人口损失惨重。

Curt Weinstein 科特・温斯坦   Curt Weinstein
西牌单丝触觉测量仪设计与制造人员

Sure.
Example: When invading the land, some Caninities made a deal to protect each other. When the Hebrews attacked one city state, another came from behind. So the Hebrews split and fought two. Then another city state sent out its force! Joshua picked ten men and told them to attack the third flank. They took their swords and charged. The third attacking people immediately retreated.

当然。
举例来说：某支犬族部落入侵一片领地时，与当地城邦达成了互助防御的协议。当希伯来人进攻其中一座城邦时，另一座城邦从后方出兵夹击，希伯来人不得不兵分两路同时应战。紧接着，又有一座城邦派出了援军！约书亚挑选出十名勇士，下令让他们突袭第三路敌军的侧翼。勇士们挥剑冲锋，这一路来犯之敌当即溃退。

Jim Henderson
吉姆・亨德森

Editor, photographer, and coach, Wikipedia
维基百科编辑、摄影师、顾问

Multiple fronts are usual. The Yugoslav Wars were very confused, as was the Russian Civil War. The sides were fighting all over. Turkey in WWI was defeated by the British with Arab help in the south, Greece in the west, Bulgaria in the northwest, Russia in the northeast, and the (British) Army of India in the southeast. Turkey beat the French and British (and Australian) invasion of the southwest.

多线作战是战争中的常态。南斯拉夫战争的战场局势就极为混乱，俄国内战亦是如此，交战各方的战火遍布各地。第一次世界大战期间，土耳其在多个方向遭遇挫败：南线被得到阿拉伯人支援的英军击败，西线不敌希腊军队，西北战线败给保加利亚，东北战线被俄军攻破，东南战线则被英属印度陆军击溃。不过土耳其也取得过一场胜利，击退了从西南方向入侵的法、英、澳联军。

Major fighting in the American Civil War was along separate fronts in the east, the west, and the far west (remember Vicksburg?) with minor fighting in scattered other places including Vermont. Oh, and the Battle of Cherbourg, France.

美国内战的主要战事集中在东线、西线和远西线三条独立战线（还记得维克斯堡战役吗？），同时在佛蒙特州等多个零散地区也爆发过小规模战斗，此外在法国瑟堡还曾发生过一场战役。

After the opening skirmishes in Massachusetts, Britain in the American Revolutionary War fought the Rebels in two fronts in different parts of Canada, plus Upstate New York, Downstate New York, Philadelphia, and one front that moved through the American South ending in Virginia. And in various Caribbean islands. In India they were also fighting against Mysore. And in the Battle of Flambough Head, Yorkshire. And how could we forget the two fronts against Spain, one on the Gulf Coast and the other in Gibraltar?
Wars on multiple fronts are usual.

美国独立战争初期，双方在马萨诸塞州爆发数次小规模遭遇战后，英国军队开启了多线作战模式：在加拿大境内开辟两条战线与起义军交战，同时在纽约上州、纽约下州、费城等地布防，还部署了一条贯穿美国南部、最终延伸至弗吉尼亚州的战线。战场还延伸到了加勒比海多个岛屿，英军在印度也与迈索尔王国开战，在约克郡的弗兰伯勒角也爆发过海战。此外，英军还与西班牙在两条战线上对峙——一条在墨西哥湾沿岸，另一条在直布罗陀，这两段战事同样不容忽视。
多线作战是战争中的常态。

George Ward 乔治・沃德   The Habsburgs underwent a three-front War in World War I .They fought 12 Battles of the Isonzo on the Tyrolean -Trentino front of northern Italy and Southern Austria .literally a mountainous terrain from 1915–1918 .Only the Battle of Caparetto ,allegedly the “”13th battle of the Isonzo ‘’was a Italian Defeat ,and general collapse and rout of their front to the south . Austria had a great offensive going in 1915 ,which could have emulated the success of Caparetto ,but it was stopped due to pressure from the Russian Imperial Army in a attack ,promoted by the Western Allies to alleviate pressure from the Western Front ,Russia suffered unbearable losses by their no planning of their attacks on the Russian front. The Habsburgs by 1918 ,was after one victory into Italy ,but the Armies were greatly exhausted and depleted and surrender happened in 1918 ,after the Western Allies had bolstered up the Italian front with extra troops.

哈布斯堡王朝在第一次世界大战期间陷入了三线作战的困境。1915年至1918年间，在意大利北部与奥地利南部交界的蒂罗尔-特伦蒂诺战线，双方围绕伊松佐河展开了12场战役，这片战场的地形以山地为主。在所谓的“第13次伊松佐河战役”——卡波雷托战役中，意大利军队遭遇惨败，南部战线全面崩溃、军队四散溃逃，这也是意大利在该系列战役中唯一一次失利。1915年，奥军本已发起一场势头强劲的攻势，此战本有望复刻卡波雷托战役的胜利，但由于西线协约国为缓解西线压力，促使俄罗斯帝国军队发起进攻，奥军的攻势被迫中止。俄军在东线的进攻因缺乏周密部署，付出了难以承受的惨重代价。到1918年，哈布斯堡王朝的军队虽成功攻入意大利境内并取得一场胜利，但此时部队早已疲惫不堪、兵力严重枯竭。随着西线协约国向意大利战线增派援军，哈布斯堡王朝最终于1918年投降。

The Second front was on the Russian Front ,which the two Empires fought long drawn out campaigns The .from 1914–1917 .,losses were devastating for both Empires .I believe the Austrians and Hungarian endured catastrophic losses from 1914–1916 .though it was fought over a long and mountainous terrain with retreat and advance often .The Brusilov Offense of 1916!.eventually crippled the Empire .and the Germans “corseted “ the front until Revolution in Russia brought it to a halt of conflicts.

第二条战线是东线的俄奥战场。1914年至1917年间，两大帝国在此展开了旷日持久的拉锯战，双方都蒙受了毁灭性的损失。1914年至1916年，奥匈帝国的伤亡数字更是触目惊心。尽管战场地处狭长的山地地带，双方战事时进时退，但1916年的布鲁西洛夫攻势最终还是重创了奥匈帝国。此后德军不得不出手稳固东线防线，直至俄国爆发革命，东线的战事才宣告停止。

The third front became supposedly the “Salonika Front “ the aftermath of Serbian.Greek.British.French and other second and third tier allies facing The Empire and Bulgaria and some Turkish troops .It was in action from 1915–18 before it collapsed.It was the “World Front" due to all the nationalities on the front.

第三条战线便是所谓的“萨洛尼卡战线”。这条战线上，塞尔维亚、希腊、英国、法国以及其他二线、三线协约国成员组成联军，对抗奥匈帝国、保加利亚以及部分土耳其军队。1915年至1918年间，这条战线的战事持续不断，最终以联军溃败告终。由于参战方涵盖了多个国家的军队，这条战线也被称为“世界战线”。

3 Fronts in its entirety cost the Empires last gasp in its 13th century beginnings .Impressive .The Dual Monarchy suffered up to 6.5 million casualties in dead,wounded,lost.and POW's .in all that span and from a polyglot of nationalities that was the Empire .

这场始于13世纪的王朝基业，最终因三线作战的巨大消耗而咽下了最后一口气，其覆灭的结局令人唏嘘。在整场战争期间，这个由多民族组成的二元制君主国伤亡、失踪及被俘人数累计高达650万之多。

Dave G. Howell 戴夫・G・豪厄尔
  Former Officer in Charge, Tofino Life Boat Stn. (Retired) at Canadian Coast Guard (1966–2003)
加拿大海岸警卫队托菲诺救生艇站原主管（已退休）（1966-2003年）

Let’s see. Now did you ever hear of WW II? Now think of the UK. She was fighting the Battle of the Atlantic , the Japanese in Burma and SE as well as the Japanese Navy in the western Pacific and the Eastern Indian Ocean. With German raiders that traveled as far as the western and Eastern Pacific as well as the North and South Atlantic The battles in the Sahara and along the North African coast from cairo to Cassablanca The Mediterranean fighting German and Italian forces naval, land, and Sea. Then there was the convoy routes into the western arctic to Murmansk. The scale of War that was being fought encircled the planet. With many many fronts.

你不妨想一想，听说过第二次世界大战吗？现在来看看英国的处境：英军既要投身大西洋海战，在缅甸和东南亚与日军交锋，还要在西太平洋和东印度洋海域对抗日本海军；同时要应对深入西太平洋、东太平洋以及南北大西洋海域的德军袭击舰；在撒哈拉沙漠、从开罗到卡萨布兰卡的北非海岸沿线都有战事爆发；在地中海区域，英方还要与德意联军展开海、陆、空全方位的战斗。此外，英军还承担着开辟北极航线，向摩尔曼斯克输送护航物资的任务。彼时战争的规模遍及全球，战线更是纷繁密布。

Canada had troops in SE Asia fighting the Japanese. Normandy fighting the Germans. And don’t forget the D day dodgers landing in Sicily and fighting their way up the Italian Peninsula. Look at the USA after Japan attacked Pearl Hbr and Germany declared war on them a few days later. They found themselves in the global conflict as well with multiple fronts in Europe North Africa, Italy, The western Pacific and Phillipines leading into Japan.

加拿大也派出军队，在东南亚与日军作战，在诺曼底登陆场抗击德军；另外别忘了，那些被戏称为“避战者”的加拿大士兵还曾登陆西西里岛，一路向北攻入意大利半岛腹地。再看美国，在日本偷袭珍珠港、德国时隔数日对美宣战之后，美国也被卷入这场全球战争，在欧洲、北非、意大利、西太平洋、菲律宾等多条战线与轴心国交战，一路推进至日本本土周边。

Yes indeed. many countries have fought on multiple fronts. All of the commonwealth and members of the British Empire did so.

的确如此，有很多国家都陷入了多线作战的境地，所有英联邦成员国以及大英帝国的属地均是如此。

Then think of the Germans. Fighting Russia in the east. The British and Commonwealth forces in the west and the south. With raiders and Submarines plying the oceans of the world. It wasn’t a one front war for either side.

再看德国的情况：德军既要在东线与苏联鏖战，在西线和南线对抗英国及英联邦军队，还要派遣袭击舰和潜艇游弋于全球各大洋。这场战争对交战双方而言，都绝非单一战线的较量。