革命性发电机将中国工厂转变为发电厂

@Steven-mf7no
China evolved from the world's factory to the world's laboratory.
 
中国从世界工厂转变为世界实验室。
 
@mayflower7626
Convert waste heat into usable electricity? Amazing engineering!
 
将废热转化为可用电力？真是惊人的工程
 
@freespeech8520
MSM is already accusing China of planting too many trees that "destroys" water cycle. You can imagine they'll say more oxygen is bad.
 
主流媒体已经指责中国种植了太多树木，导致“破坏”水循环。你可以想象他们会说更多的氧气是坏事。
 
@jctai100
Amazing what you can do when not focused on bombing other countries
 
当不专注于轰炸其他国家时，你能做到的事情真是令人惊叹。
 
@sinic1978
The mainstream media in the West are silent because this technology is a threat to the oil industry
 
西方主流媒体对此保持沉默，因为这项技术对石油行业构成威胁。
 
@louisjouvet4548
So interesting and encouraging.  Go China! While some invade, others innovate.
 
真有趣也令人鼓舞。加油，中国！当一些国家入侵时，另一些国家则在创新。
 
@dannybagley9424
Well, we're stealing oil from Venezuela and creating more CO2. We're doing our part.
 
好吧，我们正在从委内瑞拉偷油，并创造更多的二氧化碳。我们在尽自己的一份力量。
 
@andrewsuryali8540
They're also planning to mate this turbine to the Thorium molten salt reactor (TMSR) because on top of increasing efficiency it will reduce risk significantly in the heat exchanger. TMSRs use sodium-based molten salt as its coolant, and this secondary molten salt then gets passed through a water-based heat exchanger to generate steam. Any minuscule leak in the heat exchanger could allow the salt and water to start mixing and cause cascade problems in the system down the line. Using sCO2 (which is inert) removes this risk completely.
 
他们还计划将这台涡轮机与钍熔盐反应堆（TMSR）结合，因为除了提高效率外，它还可以显著降低热交换器的风险。TMSR使用基于钠的熔盐作为冷却剂，这种二次熔盐随后会通过水基热交换器产生蒸汽。热交换器中的任何微小泄漏都可能导致熔盐和水开始混合，从而在系统中引发连锁问题。使用超临界二氧化碳完全消除了这一风险。
 
@libiure
i'm so old that i can remember when the usa lead the world in innovation - but that was a long time ago - i imagine that the best part of living in China is being around people that are productive and put facts in their heads - because the worst part of living in the usa is the company that it keeps - proud ignorance has taken over the country ..
 
我老得记得美国曾经在创新方面领先世界——但那是很久以前的事了。我想生活在中国最好的地方就是身边都是勤奋的人，他们把事实放在心中——因为生活在美国最糟糕的部分就是它所处的环境，骄傲的无知已经占领了这个国家。
 
@icaremore5876
Oh, boy, it sounds like that's what all the mega data centers and Silicon Valley in the US wanted. But made in Chinaface-purple-wide-eyesface-purple-wide-eyesface-fuchsia-wide-eyes
 
哦，天哪，这听起来就像是美国所有大型数据中心和硅谷所想要的。但这是“中国制造”啊。
 
@GZB669
China was once accused of polluting the atmosphere with CO², now they're using it to power their lives!
 
中国曾被指责排放二氧化碳污染大气，现在他们却利用它来为生活提供动力！
 
@leefster1
Super critical co2 has another advantage which is due to its higher density, the turbine is about 1/10 the size of steam turbine, and is also cheap to make. It is particularly enticing for military nuclear reactors where size and weight are always a concern
 
超临界二氧化碳还有另一个优势，由于其较高的密度，涡轮的体积约为蒸汽涡轮的1/10，且制造成本低。这对于军事核反应堆特别有吸引力，因为体积和重量始终是关注重点。
 
@ianatkinson521
My Dad worked on waste heat generation via supercritical CO2 his whole adult life and couldn’t get no support.  It’s great to see these ideas now being demonstrated.  There is a vast quantum of waste low grade industrial heat that can potentially put to work.
 
我父亲在利用超临界二氧化碳进行废热发电方面工作了整整一辈子，但没有得到任何支持。看到这些想法现在得以展示真是太好了。还有大量的低等级工业废热可以潜在利用。
 
@glantani2842
meanwhile the US is putting tariffs on everything, invading sovereign countries and threatening other countries as well. Looking like the desperate flailing of a drowning man if you ask me. go China!!!
 
与此同时，美国对所有东西加征关税，侵略主权国家，并威胁其他国家。如果你问我的话，这看起来像是一个溺水者绝望的挣扎。加油，中国！！！
 
@morbid747
US and it's army of well paid social influencers will demonize China and any cheap energy tech it created. Anything that replaces fossil fuel is an existential threat to it's hegemony , the petrol dollar.
 
美国和它那支薪水丰厚的社交媒体影响者团队将妖魔化中国及其创造的任何廉价能源技术。任何替代化石燃料的事物都是对其霸权的生存威胁，尤其是石油美元。
 
@deptusmechanikus7362
The things people are able to achieve when they're not busy funding wars, bullying allies or kidnapping presidents
 
人们能够取得的成就真是令人惊叹，当他们不忙于资助战争、欺凌盟友或绑架总统时。
 
@dc-wp8oc
Now if they could install a sCO2 unit in Washington D.C., they could utilize all the hot air that is being expended into the atmosphere.
 
如果他们能在华盛顿特区安装一个sCO2单元，就可以利用那些被释放到大气中的废气了。
 
@donh5166
Amazing technology. I wonder if it is patented in China for world distribution? Putting CO2 to good use seems like a win/win for our planet. Thanks Kevin for bringing this to our attention.
 
真是惊人的技术。我想知道它是否在中国申请了专利以便全球分发？将二氧化碳利用起来似乎对我们的星球是一种双赢。感谢Kevin让我们关注这一点。
 
@mefobills279
Supercritical C02 also useful in semiconductor industry, as it preserves K value dielectric constants, vs aqueous solvents.  Semiconductor fabs should also have co-generator power because if the main power goes down, even for a few cycles, it is catastrophic.
 
超临界二氧化碳在半导体行业也很有用，因为它可以保持K值介电常数，相比于水溶剂。半导体制造厂也应该有联合发电机组，因为如果主要电源中断，即使只是几次周期，后果也是灾难性的。
 
@puggleski6097
This is a good way to run electrostatic precipitators. Its a well known fact that systems for removing suspended air pollutants in process and generation industries run for half the time they are supposed to in developing countries ( and that's the optimistic estimate btw ).
 
这是一种很好的方式来运行静电除尘器。众所周知，在发展中国家，用于去除工艺和发电行业悬浮空气污染物的系统运行的时间只是它们应有时间的一半（顺便说一句，这是乐观的估计）。
 
@SagittarianArrows
Absolutely wonderful for every industry and most people aligned with China! BRAVO Chinese engineers you guys are brilliant. Watching from envious Sydney.
 
对每个行业和大多数与中国合作的人来说，这都太棒了！为中国工程师们喝彩，你们真是太聪明了。来自羡慕的悉尼的观众。
 
@johnosullivan296
Another wonderful story of innovation. Thank you Being from North America, it saddens me that we are so far behind. blessings.
 
又一个令人赞叹的创新故事。谢谢你！作为北美人，我感到很伤心，我们落后得太远了。祝福。
 
@LaBambaCL
i read about supercritical NG generators years ago.  seemed very interesting.  more efficient, but requires O2 generation.  also potential for CO2 capture.
the sCO2 system kevin mentioned here is to capture waste heat, not burn NG.
 
我几年前读到过超临界天然气发电机，感觉非常有趣。它更高效，但需要氧气的产生，也有二氧化碳捕集的潜力。Kevin在这里提到的超临界二氧化碳是用于捕获废热，而不是燃烧天然气。
 
@mikaelpehrman4815
Now living in Sweden close to a paper pulp mill. They have for years and years used extra steam generated for electricity. The mill itself are not using fossil fuels but surplus wood pulps and remnants. They could possible use this!
 
我现在住在瑞典，靠近一家纸浆厂。多年来，他们一直利用额外产生的蒸汽来发电。这家工厂本身不使用化石燃料，而是利用剩余的木浆和废料。他们可能可以使用这个！
 
@aniksamiurrahman6365
This is a huge breakthrough. Far larger than many might understand. Using waste heat to useful energy is a dream for physicists. Legends like Maxwell died dreaming about things like these. This Chinese supercritical CO2 generator is definitely built on top of the generations of physicists and engineer's work. But the best part is what this can enable. I'm really thrilled on so many possibilities.
 
这是一个巨大的突破，比许多人理解的要大得多。利用废热转化为有用能源是物理学家的梦想。像麦克斯韦这样的传奇人物死时都在梦想着这些东西。这款中国的超临界二氧化碳发电机无疑是基于几代物理学家和工程师的工作。但最好的部分是它能实现什么。我对如此多的可能性感到非常兴奋。
 
@SerpentsHiss
They are moving so fast now it's unbelivable. The magnetude of this tech can hardly be understated, we have been boiling water for electricity for ages now, to finally have a more efficient way of converting heat to electricity is a complete game changer.
 
他们现在发展得太快了，简直令人难以置信。这项技术的重要性几乎无法低估，我们已经煮水发电很久了，终于有了一种更高效的方法将热能转化为电能，这完全改变了游戏规则。
 
@mishka110
Your show is really quite amazing, showing all the variety of innovations that lie within China. I wish you great success.
 
你的节目真的很精彩，展示了中国内部各种各样的创新。祝你取得巨大的成功。
 
@johndough2362
If this is really deployed at scale, the implication is huge. Also, why has no one thought about this for so long ? Such a simple and beautiful idea.
 
如果这真的能大规模部署，其影响将是巨大的。此外，为什么这么久以来没人想到这一点？如此简单而美妙的主意。
 
@royKeane77
I wonder could this be also used to extract heat from data centres and reuse the energy
 
我想知道这个是否也可以用来从数据中心提取热量并重复利用这些能量。
 
@MrJCerqueira
i would like a revolution generator. i just need to borrow it for like a week.
also your email domain almost gave me an asthma attack from laughter
 
我想要一个革命发电机。我只需要借用它大约一周。还有，你的邮箱域名差点让我笑得喘不过气来。
 
@SignalFireResonder
Excellent reporting. Fascinating concept to improve on the steam engine. I live in the south where the sun is scorching hot, I would imagine solar energy could be harvested to generate heat to run a sCO2 system and generate electricity without the need of photo-voltaic panels, just simple solar concentrators/ lenses. Perhaps eventually the concept can be scaled down enough in size so that even internal combustion engines, office building AC systems, and commercial kitchens (to name a few examples) could have micro sCO2 systems to reclaim waste heat.
 
出色的报道。这个改进蒸汽机的概念非常吸引人。我住在阳光炽热的南方，我想象可以利用太阳能来产生热量，以驱动超临界二氧化碳系统发电，而无需光伏面板，只需简单的太阳能聚光器或透镜。也许最终这个概念可以缩小到足够的规模，以至于连内燃机、办公楼的空调系统和商业厨房（仅举几个例子）都可以有微型超临界二氧化碳系统来回收废热。
 
@shirleyupvall9360
I listen to all of your posts for a vigorous brain massage, for much is over my head, (scientific details, metaurgic reference)
 
我听你所有的帖子，就像进行一次激烈的脑部按摩，因为很多内容都超出了我的理解范围（科学细节、冶金参考）。
 
@richiexp2
This is a great alternative and replacement to carbon capture.
 
这是一个很好的替代方案，可以替代碳捕集。
 
@leewilson1368
For 50 tears I have on occasion installed passive freeze technology in Alaska that uses compressed CO2 thermal cycle to extract heat from soils in permafrost areas in order to further stabilize structure foundations. The method was pioneered and patented by Irv Long in Alaska and has been employed in cold climates all over the globe. I am interested in these claims but as always with this channel, question every thing said.
 
在过去的50年里，我偶尔在阿拉斯加安装了被动冷冻技术，该技术利用压缩二氧化碳热循环从永久冻土区域提取热量，以进一步稳定结构基础。这种方法由Irv Long在阿拉斯加首创并获得专利，已经在全球寒冷气候中得到了应用。我对这些说法很感兴趣，但像往常一样，我会质疑这个频道所说的每一件事。
 
@targeestreet
This is more significant than most can understand. This kind of efficiency is going to alter the whole steel industry and widen the gap between western and eastern production more than it already is, by a large factor.
 
这比大多数人能理解的要重要得多。这种效率将改变整个钢铁行业，并且将西方和东方的生产差距扩大到更大的程度。
 
@AKATenn
the problem is scaling and material cost. sure you can generate power by heating co2, but you need to get the co2, and you need to be able to manufacture materials that can handle the super high pressures and temperatures in gigantic amounts. sure, you could power a steel plant, but how about an entire city or a state?
 
问题在于规模和材料成本。确实，你可以通过加热二氧化碳来发电，但你需要获取二氧化碳，并且需要能够制造能够承受超高压力和温度的大量材料。没错，你可以为一家钢铁厂提供动力，但整个城市或一个州呢？
 
@midnightwatchman1
I have only seen them in the lab or in prototype mode in the US , they are so much more smaller than the comparable steam turbine. there are some issues with keeping the Carbon dioxide supercritical   and the material of the turbine blades are still issues  but looks promising
 
我只在实验室或美国的原型模式中看到过它们，它们比可比的蒸汽涡轮小得多。保持二氧化碳处于超临界状态有一些问题，涡轮叶片的材料仍然是一个问题，但看起来很有前景。
 
@barryjohnjohnson1810
I read a critique by Cleantechnica which had a wait n see approach citing a history of rapid efficiency degradation in prior applications of similar technology. That article had appreciation for Chinas aggressive experimentation but defers excitement until after a few years of operation without significant efficiency degradation.
China on the whole though is comprehensive in their approach to energy independence & cleaner sources- this approach is just one component of an overall aggressive plan.
 
我读过Cleantechnica的一篇评论，采取了观望的态度，引用了类似技术在早期应用中效率快速下降的历史。那篇文章对中国积极的实验表示赞赏，但在没有出现显著效率下降的情况下，推迟了兴奋的情绪。不过，中国在整体上在能源独立和清洁能源方面的综合方法是全面的——这种方法只是整体激进计划中的一个组成部分。
 
@bobgoodall1603
If they could fit the power converter unit along with windmills it could make them more useful if used along with local/internal heat storage batteries (hot rocks). Dump undemanded electricity into the rock heat reservoir and recover using the CO2 route. We are paying to switch off windmills and it would add rather than subtract from grid stability.
 
如果他们能够将电力转换装置与风力发电机结合起来，那么如果与本地/内部热储存电池（热岩）一起使用，它们可能会变得更有用。将不需要的电力输送到岩石热储存库，并通过二氧化碳途径回收。我们现在支付费用来关闭风力发电机，这样做将增加而不是减少电网的稳定性。
 
@dtr-g1s
Imagine applying this to nuclear. You could make more power while cooling or controlling the nuclear core and with it being closed loop i'm wondering if it can prevent a runaway or some types of accidents where meltdown is the threat.
 
想象一下将这一技术应用于核能。你可以在冷却或控制核反应堆的同时产生更多的电力，而且由于它是闭环系统，我在想它是否能防止失控或某些类型的事故，其中熔毁是一个威胁。
 
@glidefloss
Yet another side benefit to the commercialization of projects like these is the capture of real world data that can feed their AI machines. Data based on actual and not simulated events, combined, can then further push the bounds of the possible via more cutting edge simulations. This is another loop - an expanding data loop.
 
像这样的项目商业化的另一个好处是能够捕获真实世界的数据，这些数据可以为它们的人工智能机器提供输入。这些基于实际而非模拟事件的数据结合起来，可以进一步推动更先进的模拟技术，从而拓展可能性的边界。这是另一个循环——一个不断扩展的数据循环。
 
@MASMIWA
The supercritical CO2 cycle has also been proposed in connection with thorium molten salt reactors. Jiangsan shipyard in Shanghai says it is working on a system for container ships using the CO2 cycle.  The turbines are smaller and more efficient so are a natural for ships.  Don't be surprised to see one day these CO2 cycle TMSR reactors being used on carriers, submarines, and other warships.
 
超临界二氧化碳循环也被提议与钍熔盐反应堆结合使用。上海的江南造船厂表示正在开发一种用于集装箱船的二氧化碳循环系统。这种涡轮更小且更高效，因此非常适合船舶。不要惊讶于有一天这些二氧化碳循环的钍熔盐反应堆会被应用于航母、潜艇和其他军舰上。
 
@denisross2923
The American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Airconditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) from 1973 the time of the Oil Crisis made significant engineering advances in uses of low temperature waste heat. When Oil supplies and prices returned to normal these advanced technologies were consigned to the dustbin
 
美国采暖、制冷和空调工程师学会（ASHRAE）自1973年石油危机以来，在低温废热利用方面取得了重大工程进展。当石油供应和价格恢复正常时，这些先进技术被遗忘在历史的尘埃中。
 
@5400bowen
It still sounds like expensive hardware that is only applicable by centralized generation installations, keeping everyone dependant  on, not independant from, centralized elite controlled distribution systems. We need to simplify and  decentralize everything if we  want true liberty.
 
这听起来仍然像是昂贵的硬件，仅适用于集中式发电安装，使每个人依赖于，而不是独立于，中央精英控制的分配系统。如果我们想要真正的自由，就需要简化并去中心化一切。
 
@Andrew-rc3vh
The efficiency of a heat engine is determined by the gap in temperature between the hot and the cold temperatures. This invention is a secondary effect on efficiency where you lose some energy pumping fluids through pipes. You can use fatter pipes, but that's more material costs. You can't get around the primary limit to efficiency. It's based on statistical physics and is mathematically correct.
 
热机的效率取决于热温度与冷温度之间的差距。这项发明是对效率的二次影响，因为在管道中泵送流体时会损失一些能量。你可以使用更粗的管道，但这会增加材料成本。你无法绕过效率的主要限制。它是基于统计物理学，并且在数学上是正确的。
 
@aeryn_mobil
You didn't mention Carbon capture. Does this mean that the CO² utilized in these generators are trucked there and used as a reservoir in a closed system? I guess that I am also asking if these generator plants absorb waste CO² along with the waste heat they utilize for power... and if they bleed any of their own CO² into the atmosphere.
 
你没有提到碳捕集。这是否意味着用于这些发电机的二氧化碳是通过卡车运输过去并作为封闭系统中的储存？我想问的是，这些发电厂是否同时吸收废弃的二氧化碳以及它们利用的废热来发电……而且它们是否会向大气排放自己产生的二氧化碳。
 
@Redmanticore
Perpetual motion machine! waste heat of the plant provides energy for the Perpetual motion machine, and Perpetual motion machine provides energy back to the plant... /s
 
永动机！工厂的废热为永动机提供能量，永动机又将能量反馈给工厂……/s
 
@martinhastingsis
Things are happening so fast and so many; new tech ideas are being developed, I doubt we will know this world; in 15 years time. I hope and pray, that this will forever remove; the Giant monopolies running the World today. They have held humanity back and it is time for them to DIE. Blessings Kevin, respect and best wishes from New Zealand.
 
事情发展得如此之快，新的技术理念层出不穷，我怀疑15年后的世界会是怎样。我希望并祈祷，这将永远消除当前掌控世界的巨大垄断。他们一直在阻碍人类的发展，是时候让他们消亡了。来自新西兰的祝福，尊重和最好的祝愿。
 
@Hudnjax
Crazy how many bots are in this section. You can tell with the numbers at the end. They dont bother changing it. It would take ages. A majority of your viewers are bots and you feed off it.
 
这个部分有多少机器人真是疯狂。你可以从最后面的数字看出来。他们懒得去更改，这需要很长时间。你大多数观众都是机器人，而你正是依赖于此。
 
@FreeGrass69
Just imagine what America could have achieved if the entire country would have invested in clean technologies like this. Now they're going to invest billions in Venezuelan oil.
 
想象一下，如果整个美国都投资于像这样的清洁技术，会取得什么成就。现在，他们却要在委内瑞拉的石油上投资数十亿。
 
@nmilutinovic
Using waste thermal energy should not be anything new. The efficacy of sCO2 is not known to me. I can assume that it offsets the cost/problems of running something at 73 atmospheres of pressure.
 
利用废热能不应该是新鲜事。我对超临界二氧化碳的有效性并不清楚。我可以假设它抵消了在73个大气压下运作所带来的成本/问题。
 
@Ocklepod
this is a much simpler use of waste heat than using it via pipes to heat nearby homes. Its not worth it to have a heat network transporting heat over long distances, rather just reelectrify the heat and use a heat pump at the target location. Also in summer heat transport is useless, and you get free power.
 
这是一种比通过管道将废热输送到附近住宅更简单的废热利用方式。长距离运输热量的热网并不划算，不如将热量重新电化，并在目标位置使用热泵。此外，在夏天，热量运输是无用的，你可以获得免费电力。
 
@curmudgeon1933
Will it be possible to utilise the waste heat produced from AI data centres to run sCO2 power generators? This could mean that instead of being an environmental catastrophe, AI could become a net benefit.
In China, I can imagine this could help everybody...in the US I'm sure it will just become yet another revenue stream for tech companies, and further increase the wealth disparity.
 
是否可以利用人工智能数据中心产生的废热来驱动超临界二氧化碳发电机？这可能意味着，人工智能不仅不会成为环境灾难，反而能带来净收益。在中国，我可以想象这会帮助每个人……在美国，我相信这只会成为科技公司的另一个收入来源，并进一步加大财富差距。
 
@ihaddox1199
America is attacking Venezuela for its oil while China is literally putting superchargers on its factories?
 
美国正在攻击委内瑞拉以获取石油，而中国却在工厂上安装超级充电器？
 
@rnjaf-q2g
It's actually ground breaking. if it can be adapted to oil rig and oil refinery where flaring is routinely done. Such a waste. Solar mirrors power production will also benefit greatly from this tech if adapted. This is the holy grail where steam is being replaced by more efficient CO2 in direct heat power generation. The usage is vast. The West has lost. Japan has lost.
 
这实际上是开创性的。如果它能够适应油井和炼油厂的使用，其中常常会发生燃烧现象，那就太好了。这真是个浪费。如果将太阳能镜子与这种技术结合，发电效果也会大大改善。这是一个神奇的突破，蒸汽被更高效的二氧化碳直接用于热能发电。它的应用范围广泛。西方已经失去了优势，日本也落后了。
 
@KienPhung-h3k
China is also the country operating the first thorium nuclear reactor and was successfully running a fusion reactor forbmore than 1000 sec. China builds and innovates for global benefits instead of bombing, destructing, dividing  and invading other countries.
 
中国还是第一个运营钍核反应堆的国家，并成功运行过超过1000秒的聚变反应堆。中国为全球利益而建设和创新，而不是轰炸、破坏、分裂和侵略其他国家。
 
@btrue2day
This is not just about one country making progress in energy independence. Know that past wars have mostly been about oil and commodities. With the west ever forcing China and the east, trying to cut off its right to cheap energy, it is progress like these that will keep up away from WW3
 
这不仅仅是一个国家在能源独立方面取得进展。要知道，过去的战争主要是关于石油和商品的。随着西方不断试图切断中国及东方国家获得廉价能源的权利，这种进展将有助于我们远离第三次世界大战。
 
@nexpro6985
Don't hold your breath expecting this to become mainstream. This has too many technical hurdles to jump over in order to make it economical in the long term. Does it work, yes. Is it worth it? Depends on the use case. Will it go mainstream? Probably not.
 
别指望这会成为主流。这需要克服太多技术障碍，以使其长期经济可行。它有效吗？是的。值得吗？这要看具体使用情况。会成为主流吗？可能不会。
 
@lsettimo403
Actual performance versus its theoretical potential In practice, CO2 cycles have roughly 3 to 15 times lower "specific power output" than traditional gas or steam cycles. This means you must move a massive amount of CO2 to generate a relatively small amount of electricity, which leads to high energy consumption just to run the system. CO2 sCO2 cycles are being used to drive investment and stock valuations, even when actual industrial adoption remains stagnant. The trajectory of Tokamak reactors, where the promise of a revolutionary breakthrough sustains a decades-long research economy without delivering a commercial kilowatt-hour to the grid. I would be concerned "innovation" has become an end in itself rather than a means to solve a problem.
 
实际性能与理论潜力相比，CO2循环的“特定功率输出”大约比传统的燃气或蒸汽循环低3到15倍。这意味着你必须移动大量的二氧化碳才能产生相对少量的电力，这导致系统运行时需要消耗大量能量。CO2超临界循环正在推动投资和股票估值，尽管实际的工业采用仍然停滞不前。托卡马克反应堆的轨迹表明，革命性突破的承诺维持了数十年的研究经济，却没有向电网提供商业千瓦时。我担心“创新”变成了一种目的，而不是解决问题的手段。
 
@PeanosZero
I do not believe the efficiency claims.
In a conventional Parsons steam turbine, steam is successively expanded through a series of nozzles. The expansion causes the steam to speed up and it impinges on turbines, providing thrust. The key to the whole process is the expansion of the steam. In the last stage, the very larege volume of steam at low pressure exhausts into a condenser which turns it back to water. A good third to a half of the power is derived from steam at or below atmospheric pressure.
 
我不相信效率的说法。在传统的帕森斯蒸汽涡轮中，蒸汽通过一系列喷嘴逐步膨胀。膨胀使蒸汽加速，并撞击涡轮，提供推力。整个过程的关键在于蒸汽的膨胀。在最后阶段，体积非常大的低压蒸汽排放到冷凝器中，将其转回水。大约三分之一到一半的动力来自接近或低于大气压力的蒸汽。
 
In a carbon dioxide turbine, the supercritical carbon dioxide does the same thing, only in the first stage it turns from the supercritical state into a high pressure gas. So far, the same as in a supercritical water turbine. But at the end of the expansion the carbon dioxide does not condense to a liquid at near zero pressure. It has to be compressed again, which requires energy input, so instead of gaining energy at the end of the cycle, energy has to be supplied.
 
在二氧化碳涡轮中，超临界二氧化碳做的事情与此相同，只是在第一阶段，它从超临界状态转变为高压气体。目前与超临界水涡轮是一样的。但是在膨胀的最后阶段，二氧化碳并不会在接近零压下凝结成液体，而是需要再次被压缩，这需要能量输入，因此在循环的最后，不能获得能量，而是需要提供能量。
 
A large steam turbine such as is used with a nuclear reactor can be around 38% efficient. SWRI, the US leaders, claim an efficiency improvement of about 10%, thus an increase to about 42% (10% of 38). This seems a lot more realistic than 85% which is fantasy. Running on waste heat makes the fuel effectively free. Diesels can be more efficient (around 50%) but of course need to burn oil.
 
像用于核反应堆的大型蒸汽涡轮效率可以达到约38%。美国领先的SWRI声称效率提高了大约10%，因此提高到约42%（38的10%）。这看起来比85%更现实，后者简直是幻想。利用废热运行使燃料实际上变得免费。柴油机的效率可能更高（约50%），但当然需要燃烧石油。
 
The main advantage of carbon dioxide turbines is that they give acceptable efficiency without needing the very large low pressure stages and condenser of a steam turbine, so the installation can be much smaller. This might be why the Chinese want to retrofit them into factories where space for a conventional steam turbine is lacking.
 
二氧化碳涡轮的主要优势在于，它们能够在不需要大型低压阶段和蒸汽涡轮冷凝器的情况下仍能提供可接受的效率，因此安装可以小得多。这可能是中国希望将其改装到空间不足以容纳传统蒸汽涡轮的工厂中的原因。