1871 年普鲁士为什么没有瓦解法国？

Gerwazy

格瓦齐

The reason why France kept existing as a State after the German-Franco war of 1870–1871, is that there was no intent nor material possibility to erase a nation, that was much larger and populous than Prussia.

1870-1871年普法战争之后，法国仍然作为一个国家存续的原因在于，当时既没有意愿，也没有实际可能去抹去一个比普鲁士国土面积大得多、人口也多得多的国家。

Despite the military defeat, most of France was not occupied by Prussia and the armistice was not an unconditional surrender to the likes of the German surrender of 1945. There was no possibility to make France disappear or to dissolve it.

尽管法国在军事上战败了，但是法国的大部分领土并未被普鲁士占领，并且当时的停战协议也并非像1945年德国投降那样的无条件投降。所以根本没有可能让法国消失或是解体。

(Painting of Bismarck and French Emperor Napoleon III.)

（俾斯麦与法国皇帝拿破仑三世的画作）

Bismarck was a realist - not a person driven by spontaneous emotions. His goal was the achievement and maintenance of German Unity by a balanced diplomacy and balance of powers in Europe.

俾斯麦是一个现实主义者，行事不会被一时的情绪左右。他的目标是通过均衡的外交手段和欧洲的势力均衡，实现并维持德国的统一。

He knew, that a foe to the likes of France was to be taken seriously and that France indeed was a major European and world power. He proposed to isolate France from the international community. “Dissolving” France would be nothing but a fantasy - completely unreachable.

他深知，法国这样的对手必须被认真对待，而且法国确实是欧洲乃至世界的主要强国。他提议让法国被国际社会孤立。而“解体”法国不过是一种幻想，完全无法实现。

Nawaz Tahir

纳瓦兹·塔希尔

It was because of this man. That's right- Otto Von Bismarck, the first chancellor of Unified Germany. No matter how much you think you have understood him this man's brilliance just keeps surprising again and again.

是因为这个人。 没错——奥托·冯·俾斯麦，统一后德国的首任首相。 无论你自认为对他了解多少，这个人的才华都会一次又一次地让你感到惊叹。

We must understand why the Franco-Prussian war even occured. The unification of Germany was a precarious task. Two parties wanted to dominate the then German Confederation- namely the erstwhile struggling Austrain Empire and the new industrial powerhouse of Europe, Prussia. The northern German states were more inclined towards Prussia while the southern German states (most notably Bavaria) were Austria inclined.

我们必须弄清楚普法战争究竟为何会爆发。 德国的统一是一项艰难的任务。当时有两方势力想要掌控德意志邦联，分别是当时已在衰落的奥地利帝国，以及欧洲新兴的工业强国普鲁士。 北德意志的各邦国更倾向于普鲁士，而南德意志的各邦国（最突出的是巴伐利亚）则更倾向于奥地利。

One would see Austria as a finished nation doomed to die, but it is an absolute understatement as to how much power the Hapsburg dynasty of Austria held in Europe. (There were even calls to unite Italy under Hapsburg patronage!)

有人会认为奥地利已是一个日薄西山、注定走向灭亡的国家，但这种说法完全低估了奥地利哈布斯堡王朝在欧洲所拥有的权力。（当时甚至有人呼吁在哈布斯堡王朝的支持下实现意大利统一！）

Bismark changed all that. He needed an “outside threat” to rally all German states behind Prussian leadership. The traditional rival France suit the candidature perfectly. He engineered a miscommunication between the Royal courts of Paris and Berlin to look like a matter of “national insult towards the Germans”.

俾斯麦改变了这一切。他需要一个“外部威胁”，好让所有德意志邦国都团结在普鲁士的领导之下。 传统对手法国恰好符合这个定位。 他刻意制造了巴黎和柏林王室之间的沟通误会，让这件事看起来像是“对德国人的国家侮辱”。

His intention was never to subjugate France.You see when Prussia declared victory, most of France wasn't even conquered! The historic palace of Versailles just served as a theatre for the peak of German nationalism and proclamation of the King of Prussia and the German Emperor. It was a historic moment but I'm sure that little was Bismarck aware that the kind of nationalism his Franco-Prussian War gave birth to will culminate in two of the bloodiest wars in human history.

他的本意从来都不是征服法国。要知道，普鲁士宣布胜利的时候，法国的大部分领土甚至都还没有被攻占！ 具有历史意义的凡尔赛宫，不过是德国民族主义达到顶峰，以及普鲁士国王加冕为德意志皇帝的一个舞台。 那是一个历史性的时刻，但我敢肯定，俾斯麦当时几乎没有意识到，他借普法战争催生的这种民族主义，最终会引发人类历史上最血腥的两场战争。

Jean Pierre Choisy

让·皮埃尔·舒瓦西

We could add: why did France not dissolve the Habsburg Empire in 1805 and the Kingdom of Prussia in 1806? Why did the allies of 1815 not dissolve France after Waterloo?

我们还可以提出这样的问题：为什么法国既没在1805年解散哈布斯堡帝国，又没在1806年解散普鲁士王国？为什么1815年的反法同盟没有在滑铁卢战役后解散法国？

Apparently in the centuries passed in Europe the victor aimed to impose his conception of his future relations with the defeated state: with a profit. But not by destroying it. I suppose that, in addition to their interests, the leaders also had values: Christian for some, philosophic (The Enlightenment) for others.

显然，在过去的几个世纪里，欧洲的胜利者的目的是将自己对于与战败国未来关系的构想强加给对方，借此获利，但并不会将战败国摧毁。 我认为，除了利益之外，这些领导者也有自己的价值观：一些人秉持基督教价值观，另一些人则秉持启蒙运动的哲学价值观。

The twisted moral anomaly is the XXth with the putting into practice of: "the end justifies the means", "the complete destruction" (for example Prussia), the GENOCIDE, the expulsion of millions of 'inhabitants of annexed territory: I am not talking of descendants of settlers, invading other continents a few centuries ago, but of communities that had settled for about a thousand years. The partition of Poland at the end of the 18th century did not in any way lead to measures as inhuman as these GENOCIDEs and these expulsions.

扭曲的道德反常现象出现在二十世纪，各种理念被付诸实践：“为达目的不择手段”、“彻底毁灭（比如普鲁士）”、种族灭绝、驱逐被吞并领土上的数百万居民，我说的不是几个世纪前入侵其他大陆的定居者的后代，而是已经定居了近千年的社群，18世纪末波兰的瓜分，也绝没有催生像这些种族灭绝和驱逐行动一样泯灭人性的措施。

1919-1948: the worst period in European history for nearly 1,500 years. We still have sequelae.

1919-1948年是欧洲近1500年历史中最黑暗的时期，直到现在我们仍受其后遗症的影响。

The twisted moral anomaly is the XXth with the putting into practice of: "the end justifies the means", "the complete destruction" (for example Prussia), the GENOCIDE, the expulsion of millions of 'inhabitants of annexed territory. I am not talking of descendants of settlers, invading other continents a few centuries ago, but of communities that had settled for about a thousand years. The partition of Poland at the end of the 18th century did not in any way lead to measures as inhuman as these GENOCIDEs and these expulsions.

扭曲的道德反常现象出现在二十世纪，各种理念被付诸实践：“为达目的不择手段”、“彻底毁灭（比如普鲁士）”、种族灭绝、驱逐被吞并领土上的数百万居民，我说的不是几个世纪前入侵其他大陆的定居者的后代，而是已经定居了近千年的社群，18世纪末波兰的瓜分，也绝没有催生像这些种族灭绝和驱逐行动一样泯灭人性的措施。

1919-1948: the worst period in European history for nearly 1,500 years. We still have sequelae.

1919-1948年是欧洲近1500年历史中最黑暗的时期，直到现在我们仍受其后遗症的影响。

The peculiarity of the twentieth century is to have achieved in Europe what, over the centuries had been achieved almost exclusively by conquerors outside Europe especially: in Asia : mainly by the Mongols, in the Middle Ages ; in the two Americas : by Europeans from the 16th century and, more locally ; in Africa : from the xiX ° century to the beginning of the XX °The case of the Congo (by the Belgians) being probably of a very singular intensity in terms of the number of deaths.

二十世纪的特殊之处在于，欧洲发生的这些事，在过去的几个世纪里几乎都是由欧洲以外的征服者完成的，尤其是：在亚洲，主要是中世纪的蒙古人；在美洲大陆，是从16世纪开始的欧洲人，以及部分地区的其他征服者；在非洲，是从19世纪到20世纪初的殖民者，就死亡人数而言，比利时人在刚果造成的惨案可能惨烈程度尤为突出。

This in no way excludes older massacres and when the constitution of the Aztec, Arab-Muslim, Roman empires, etc., but still not with such intensity.

这并不是说就没有更早的大屠杀了，比如阿兹特克帝国、阿拉伯-穆斯林帝国、罗马帝国建立时的屠杀，但惨烈程度都无法与之相比。

Lytiek Gethers

利蒂克·盖瑟斯

Even in the Schlieffen plan's best case scenario, France would not be annexed in whole. Instead, the post-war plans called for dismantling or occupation of all French border forts and seizure of the Briey-Longwy iron mines which accounted for 90% of French iron. It should be noted these mines were not known until after the Franco-Prussian War and that the seizure of Alsace-Lorraine took about all of Frances iron and coal production until they were discovered later.

哪怕是在施里芬计划的最佳设想中，法国也不会被整体吞并。相反，战后的计划是拆除或占领法国所有的边境要塞，并且夺取布里埃-隆维的铁矿，这些铁矿的产量占法国铁矿石总产量的90%。需要说明的是，这些铁矿是在普法战争之后才被发现的，而在这些铁矿被发现之前，夺取阿尔萨斯-洛林就已经掌控了法国几乎全部的钢铁和煤炭产量。

In the context of 1871 why they didn't take more is because they were tentatively trying to operate under the pretense of freeing and uniting German speaking peoples. That's their reason for ultimately taking Alsace-Lorraine -- it had a majority German speaking population. It would have drawn the ire of all the other neighboring Great Powers. The entire process of German unification had Prussia goose stepping around the wrath of the other Great Powers like Russia and Great Britain especially. Part of the reason they got away with it was goading France into being the one to declare war so that it could be 'defensive'. If they were to attempt to occupy the entirety of France, their farce would be exposed and the other Great Powers would not have stood by idly. Much like Napoleon, they eventually would have fell under the constant pressure of Russian, British, and likely Austrian and Bavarian resistance from all corners.

结合1871年的时代背景来看，他们没有夺取更多领土的原因是，他们当时试图打着解放和团结说德语民族的幌子采取行动，这也是他们最终夺取阿尔萨斯-洛林的原因——该地区的大多数居民都说德语，这种行为会引起其他所有周边大国的愤怒，德国统一的整个过程中，普鲁士一直小心翼翼地避免激怒俄罗斯和英国等其他大国，他们之所以能够成功，部分原因是挑唆法国率先宣战，从而让自己的战争行为变成“自卫”，如果他们试图占领整个法国，他们的骗局就会被揭穿，其他大国也不会袖手旁观，就像拿破仑一样，他们最终会陷入俄罗斯、英国，还有可能是奥地利和巴伐利亚来自各方的持续抵抗的压力之中。

Real life isn't a video game. You don't just annex entire countries like that. In the context of the Franco-Prussian War, even after Paris was surrounded and the almost the entirety of the French army was captured or killed, hundreds of thousands of Frenchmen rose up and terrorized the German rear guard. The Prussian state did not have the means to subdue such a massive and rebellious population over such a massive geographic area, even with the rest of Germany united. Doubly so considering it was an entirely new state that had to be domestically consolidated, both militarily and otherwise; they had no means to enforce that kind of foreign occupation efficiently when they had a slew of domestic issues already at their gate.

现实生活不是电子游戏，不能就那样吞并整个国家，结合普法战争的背景来看，即使在巴黎被包围、几乎全部法国军队被俘虏或歼灭之后，仍有成千上万的法国人奋起反抗，袭击德军的后卫部队，哪怕已经实现了德国统一，普鲁士也没有能力在如此广阔的地域上镇压如此庞大且具有反抗精神的民众，更何况当时它是一个全新的国家，需要先在国内完成军事等各方面的巩固，国内已经面临着诸多问题的他们，根本没有办法高效地实施这种对外占领。

States act in interest of themselves, for their benefit. What benefit would occupying France have gained? Alsace-Lorraine was, again, at the time, almost the entirety of their iron and coal production. They had such crippling war indemnities their economy was expected to collapse, thus removing them as a Great Power threat. As far as 1871 goes, France was a non-issue after the Treaty of Frankfurt. Britain didn't give two hoots about the continent as long as one power didn't get hegemonic control and Russia was cordial to Prussia and later Germany at the time, and more importantly had zero reason to align with France at the time. France would be broke, isolated, and industrially destitute.

国家的行动都是为了自身的利益，占领法国能获得什么好处呢？当时的阿尔萨斯-洛林几乎掌握了法国全部的钢铁和煤炭产量，同时法国还背负着足以让其经济崩溃的巨额战争赔款，这就消除了法国作为大国的威胁，就1871年的情况而言，《法兰克福条约》签订之后，法国就不再是一个问题了，英国并不关心欧洲大陆的事务，只要没有某个国家取得霸权控制权就行，而当时俄罗斯与普鲁士以及后来的德国关系友好，更重要的是，当时俄罗斯完全没有理由与法国结盟，当时的法国濒临破产、被孤立，而且工业凋敝。

It was only the discovery of the Briey-Longwy-Thionville iron mines that set France back on track to economic recovery and basically a fluke that they did not dissolve into constant regime changes and revolution like was common for the past 50 years. These are two things Willhelm I and Bismark could not have meaningfully predicted. Occupying further territory would have been twisting the blade in the wound for little reward at the time but bringing on a much bigger consequence, notably, the entirety of Europe likely joining in coalition against her.

正是布里埃-隆维-蒂永维尔铁矿的发现，让法国重回经济复苏的轨道，同时法国没有像过去50年里那样陷入频繁的政权更迭和革命，本质上是一种侥幸，这两件事是威廉一世和俾斯麦都无法切实预料到的，在当时进一步占领法国领土，只是在法国的伤口上撒盐，获利甚微却会引发更严重的后果，尤其是整个欧洲都有可能联合起来对抗德国。

Daniel Duquenal

丹尼尔·杜克纳尔

For many reasons but the main one is that dissolving a major country is not as simple it seems to be. Even Nazi Germany was not disolved though a portion remained in the hands of the Soviets for decades.

原因有很多，但最主要的一点是，瓦解一个大国并没有看起来那么简单。哪怕是纳粹德国也没有被瓦解，只是有一部分领土在苏联手中被掌控了数十年。

When you disolve a country you need first to know what you are going to do with the pieces: you canot declare the country broken up and leave. You have lots of work to settle the new small states to be created, etc. Second, will the other neighbours accept? In the case of France I doubt very much England and Italy would have stood quietly seeing a dismembered France, subjected to the whims of a rising Germany. Note that even the years of Napoleon wars the idea of quartering France was entertained but did not prevail, mercifully!

如果你要瓦解一个国家，首先你得想好要怎么处置这个国家瓦解之后的各个部分：你不能只是宣布这个国家分裂了然后就不管了，你还有大量的工作要做，比如安置将要建立的新的小国等等，其次，周边的其他国家会接受吗？就法国的情况而言，我很怀疑英国和意大利会眼睁睁看着法国被瓜分，任由崛起的德国摆布，值得注意的是，哪怕是在拿破仑战争时期，瓜分法国的想法也曾经被提出，但幸好没有成为现实。

Bismarck new better but could not stop the taking away of Alsace Lorraine which led to WWI and then WWII. Imagine the wars following the partition of France!

俾斯麦心里很清楚这一点，但他没能阻止阿尔萨斯-洛林被夺走，而这件事直接引发了一战和二战，试想一下如果当时法国被瓜分，又会引发多少场战争！

Donatien Alphonse François

多纳蒂安·阿尔丰斯·弗朗索瓦

No offense, but the question demonstrates a rather profound lack of understanding of the geopolitical situation in Europe in 1871.

无意冒犯，但这个问题表明，提问者对1871年欧洲的地缘政治局势缺乏相当深入的了解。

The obxtive of the war was the unification of the German people, annexing a country of 40 million non-Germans wouldn’t have achieved that. Also, how exactly would the Germans have done that? Winning a relatively minor war on the border is quite different than taking over an entire country, especially since both countries had similar populations. The war ended when the French asked an armistice and one was offered, had Germany sought to conquer the whole of France and annex traditionally non-Allemanic speaking parts, the French would have no doubt continued to fight on.

这场战争的目标是实现德意志民族的统一，吞并一个拥有4000万非德意志人口的国家，并不能达成这个目标，而且，德国人到底要怎么做到这一点呢？在边境赢得一场规模相对较小的战争，和接管一整个国家完全是两码事，更何况当时两国的人口数量相近，这场战争是在法国请求停战、并且得到同意后结束的，如果德国想要征服整个法国，吞并那些传统上不说德语的地区，法国人无疑会继续战斗下去。

The war as it was, between Prussia and France, greatly upset the balance of power in Europe. Annexing or attempting to annex France as a whole would have more than likely caused a general European war or at least the involment of other powers. France, for most of the 17th, 18th and 19th Century was seen by Prussia and most European countries as an agressive and expansionist country that had continually preyed on smaller German states. Only 55 years before, it had taken an alliance of every major and minor European power to beat back Napoleonic France.

普鲁士与法国之间的这场战争，已经极大地打破了欧洲的势力平衡，吞并或者试图吞并整个法国，极有可能引发一场全面的欧洲战争，或者至少会让其他大国卷入其中，在17、18和19世纪的大部分时间里，普鲁士和大多数欧洲国家都认为法国是一个具有侵略性和扩张性的国家，一直在掠夺较小的德意志邦国，就在55年前，欧洲所有大小国家组成同盟才击退了拿破仑时期的法国。

Bismarck only really wanted German unification, he wasn’t interested in colonial entanglements and wasn’t particularly in favour of annexing Alsace Loraine, since he knew it would cause French revangism. He was pressured into annexing it by western German States that wanted a buffer between them and a potentially vengeful France. He had no wish for a general war in Europe.

俾斯麦真正想要的只有德国的统一，他对殖民纠纷不感兴趣，也并不特别赞成吞并阿尔萨斯-洛林，因为他知道这会引发法国的复仇情绪，他是在西德各邦国的压力下才同意吞并该地区的，这些邦国想要在自己和可能复仇的法国之间建立一个缓冲地带，他并不希望欧洲爆发全面战争。

The war indemnity imposed on France was expected to cripple it for 30 to 50 years. France repaid the amount in 2–3 years, implemented numerous economic, social and military reforms reforms, imposed conscxtion and started to greatly expand its military. It was in essentially in much better shape in 1875 than it had been 10 years prior.

当时人们认为，强加给法国的战争赔款会让法国在30到50年里一蹶不振，但法国在2到3年的时间里就偿还了赔款，还推行了大量的经济、社会和军事改革，实施了征兵制，开始大规模扩充军队，到1875年，法国的状况实际上比10年前要好得多。

This alarmed certain German circles so much that there was loose talk of having a preventive war against France in 1875, this produced warnings from the UK and Russia that such a war would not be tolerated. Although Bismarck was in favour of peace, he realized that the power of Germany was starting to alarm it’s neighbours and that a politically clumsy and overly agressive foreign policy would have the effect of bringing Germany in conflict with major European powers. He above all wanted to avoid an alliance between France and Russia.

这种情况让德国的一些圈子极为恐慌，以至于在1875年，有人随口提出要对法国发动预防性战争，这引发了英国和俄罗斯的警告，称这样的战争是不会被容忍的，尽管俾斯麦倾向于和平，但他意识到德国的实力开始让邻国感到不安，而政治上笨拙且过于强硬的外交政策，会让德国与欧洲大国发生冲突，他最想避免的就是法国和俄罗斯结盟。

This of course all went to shits in 1890 when Wilhelm II took over. His policies did exactly what Bismarck had sought to avoid for the last 20 years.

当然，这一切在1890年威廉二世掌权后都泡汤了，他推行的政策，恰好是俾斯麦在过去20年里一直试图避免的。

It seriously alienated and to a certain point alarmed the UK. It brought France out of political isolation and into an alliance with Russia against Germany. It created an understanding between France and the UK. It entangled Germany in the Balkans. This more or less led (along with Austria Hungarian adventurism) to WW1.

这些政策严重疏远了英国，甚至在一定程度上引起了英国的警惕，还让法国摆脱了政治孤立，与俄罗斯结成了对抗德国的同盟，同时促成了法英之间的相互谅解，还让德国卷入了巴尔干半岛的事务，这一切（再加上奥匈帝国的冒险主义）或多或少地引发了第一次世界大战。

Eamonn

埃蒙

Bismarck believed in having a balance of power, and that is probably the same reason he didn’t annex Austria-Hungary after defeating them in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. Annexing France and Austria-Hungary would have brought tens of millions of non-Germans into the German Empire, and given the latter’s large Slavic population in the Balkans, Bohemia and Galicia, would have provoked Russia, which saw itself as the protector of the Orthodox Slavs. Bismarck was very concerned with keeping peace with Russia, hence he negotiated treaties with them such as the Reinsurance Treaty. Annexing France would also have antagonised Britain, at a time when relations were already uneasy because of the Prussian annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover. The House of Hanover was the royal family of Britain at the time. Britain didn’t want the English Channel coast controlled by one power (which is also why they blocked a French candidate for the Belgian throne in the 1830s). Since 1815, Britain and France had largely friendly relations, although there were moments of possible conflict such as the Affair of the Spanish Marriages (where Louis Philippe wanted one of his sons to marry Queen Isabella II of Spain, which Britain feared would lead to a unx of the two countries).

俾斯麦信奉势力均衡原则，这很可能也是他在1866年普奥战争击败奥匈帝国之后没有吞并对方的原因。吞并法国和奥匈帝国会让数千万非德意志人加入德意志帝国，而且奥匈帝国在巴尔干半岛、波西米亚和加利西亚地区有大量斯拉夫人口，这种情况会激怒将自己视为东正教斯拉夫民族保护者的俄罗斯。俾斯麦非常重视与俄罗斯维持和平，因此他与俄罗斯协商签订了《再保险条约》之类的协定。吞并法国还会与英国交恶，当时因为普鲁士吞并汉诺威王国，两国关系本就已经紧张，汉诺威王室当时同时是英国的王室，英国不希望英吉利海峡沿岸由单一强国掌控，这也是他们在19世纪30年代阻止法国候选人继承比利时王位的原因。1815年以来，英法两国大体上保持着友好关系，尽管也有西班牙婚姻事件这类可能引发冲突的时刻，当时路易·菲利普想让自己的一个儿子迎娶西班牙的伊莎贝拉二世女王，英国担心这会让两国合并。

Joshua Engel Worked at The Rude Mechanicals

约书亚·恩格尔

It’s easy enough. You draw a bunch of lines on the map, and set up governments in each of the new blocks.

这很简单。你只需要在地图上画几条线，然后在划分出来的每个新区域建立政府就行。

That’s what they did to Germany after World War II. They returned some territories to their pre-war owners. They took what was left and broke it into two countries, East Germany and West Germany. In fact, they originally broke it into four “zones”, but three of them were allowed to merge. East Germany got to keep the old capital. West Germany had to establish a new capital in Bonn for its new government.

二战之后他们就是这样对待德国的。他们把部分领土归还给战前的所有者，然后把剩下的领土拆分成两个国家，也就是东德和西德。实际上，最初他们把德国分成了四个“占领区”，不过其中三个后来被允许合并了。东德保留了原来的首都，西德则不得不在波恩为新政府建立新的首都。

Prior to that, Germany had somewhat “dissolved” France. It broke into two zones, the German occupied zone that included the former capital (but established a new one in Vichy anyway), and one that was nominally controlled by the prior government. Had the war ended then, they could have broken into two separate countries.

在此之前，德国也算是“瓦解”过法国。当时法国被分成了两个区域，一个是包含原首都的德国占领区，但还是在维希建立了新的首都，另一个名义上由法国前政府掌控。如果当时战争就结束了，法国可能会被拆分成两个独立的国家。

It’s not as if the borders are natural or inviolable. In 1871, Italy had only been a single country for a decade. “Germany” wasn’t even Germany yet; that’s why you’re asking about Prussia.

国界并不是天然存在或者不可侵犯的。1871年的时候，意大利成为统一的国家才不过十年，“德国”甚至还不是一个真正的德国，这也是你会问普鲁士的原因。

France had been a unified country longer, but not forever. It was formed from the conquest of various domains — and they fought a Hundred Years War with England over some of them. Hell, the “United Kingdom” could dissolve today. They’ve already ceded most of the island of Ireland within the past century, and Scotland keeps trying to leave.

法国作为统一国家的时间更长，但也不是一直如此。它是通过征服各个领地形成的，还为了其中一些领地和英国打了百年战争。 见鬼，“联合王国”今天都有可能瓦解。在过去的一个世纪里，他们已经让出了爱尔兰岛的大部分地区，而苏格兰还在一直试图独立。

If Prussia had wanted to “dissolve” France, they’d break it up along various lines and made new countries. They’d sext governments that were friendly to Prussia, or at least were insufficiently powerful to engage in warfare against it.

如果普鲁士当时想要“瓦解”法国，他们会按照不同的界线拆分法国，建立新的国家，还会挑选亲普鲁士的政府，或者至少是实力不足以与普鲁士开战的政府。