美知乎提问：光辉战斗机的发展前景如何？

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam Follow
No
It's too outdated for 2025
It's too dependent on foreign parts and it's too much of a Frankenstein's monster
Discard it .. Junk it completely
Future course action
I. Short term
Import with very strong demand for at least 30% Localisation of Rafale & 60% localisation of Sukhoi 57 including Stealth & Engines to be made in India on a 70–30 basis
By 2035 to have minimum 5 new squadrons (60 Jets)

不怎么样。在2025 年，它的设计理念已过于落伍。
它过于依赖外国零部件，简直就是个东拼西凑的"科学怪人"。
淘汰它...彻底报废吧！
未来行动方案：
一. 短期计划
对"阵风"战机至少实现 30%本土化，"苏 57"（包括隐形技术和发动机）实现 60%本土化，均按 30%-70%的比例在印度生产，市场需求极为强劲。
到 2035 年前至少组建 5 个新中队（60 架战机）。

II. Long term - Indian Stealth Fighter 2.0 - AMCA
India must build up it's stealth fighter 2.0 USING THE TEJAS INFRASTRUCTURE
To use the existing facilities
To improve the airfrx and other localized parts
To work on an Engine, a more powerful engine using the Russian Technology for the Sukhoi 57
By 2050 to have a minimum 100 AMCA 5th Generation Jets
The Tejas wont work
Either you make aircraft SO ADVANCED that a dozen aircraft are sufficient
Or you make aircraft so numerous that the sheer quantity alone overwhelms and saturates enemy air space

二、长期规划——印度 2.0 版隐形战斗机 AMCA
印度必须利用"光辉"战机的基础设施来打造其 2.0 版隐形战斗机。
充分利用现有设施。
改进机身及其他国产化部件。
为苏 57 战机研发一款更强大的俄制技术引擎。
到 2050 年前至少列装 100 架 AMCA 第五代战机。
"光辉"战机难堪大用。
要么打造超前代的尖端战机（只需十几架就能制空）。
或者你制造数量如此庞大的战机，仅凭绝对数量就能压制并饱和敌方的空域。

Tejas is neither
You can't export it because YOU JUST CAN'T MAKE SO MANY
You can't export it because you can as well buy the JF-17 or J-10C, for the same price with better features

"光辉"战机两者都不是
你无法出口它，因为你根本无法量产。
你无法出口，因为同样的预算你完全能买到性能更好的"枭龙"或歼-10C战机。

Ishan Pal· Nov 29
For this, we need a leader with a 30 year vision, someone like ABV or Indira Gandhi. We don't have anyone who have even 1% of their foresight, intelligence or vision.

为此，我们需要一位具有 30 年远见的领导人，像阿塔尔·比哈里·瓦杰帕伊或英迪拉·甘地那样的人物。现如今，连具备他们 1%的预见力、智慧和愿景的领导人都难觅踪影。

Quinton Smith · Nov 30
“we need a leader with a 30 year vision”
Liberal democracy will guarantee that you won’t.

“我们需要有 30 年远见的领导人"
滋油皿煮制度注定给不了你这样的领导人。

Rahul · Nov 30
Democracy for India is like putting a business suit on a chimpanzee and expecting it to do a 9–5 job

印度的民主就像给黑猩猩穿上西装还指望它能朝九晚五上班一样
Lù Shèng An 陆盛安· Dec 1

Well even a million monkeys typing on a million typewriters will eventually produce the collected works of Shakespeare. But it will take a million years…

就算让一百万只猴子在一百万台打字机上敲打，最终也能写出莎士比亚全集。但这可能需要一百万年……

Yash R· Nov 30
Fortunately we have such a leader at the helm currently

幸运的是，我们现在就有这样一位掌舵的领导者。

Vivek Chakravarty · Nov 29
Tejas was developed to replace MiG 21 Bison, the backbone of our Air Force. We need a cheap, reliable and mass producing interceptor plane to guard both the western and eastern airspace. Don’t expect more than that from Tejas. Stealth is for offensive. Tejas is just for defense, training and internal sorties.

光辉战斗机项目旨在取代作为印度空军主力的米格-21 战机。我们需要一种造价低廉、性能可靠且能大规模量产的截击机，用于防守东西两线空域。对光辉战机的期待不应超过这些基础需求——隐形性能属于进攻型战机的配置，而光辉战机仅用于本土防御、日常训练及境内巡航任务。

Tsu-Yung Chang· Nov 29
You need stealth for defense if the opponent has stealth because it is first see first kill.

若敌方拥有隐身战机，防御方也必须配备隐身技术，因为空战讲究先发现先击杀。

Kouunn Chann· Nov 29
Is Tejas cheap, reliable and mass producing though?

然而光辉战机真的廉价可靠且能大批量生产吗？

Debashis Mitra· Nov 30
In war nothing is reliable in absolute term. Neither Tejas is cheap. The price IAF is paying is forced upon HAL , real price is higher because most subsystems including engine is outsourced. It can't be mass produced either since engine supply is uncertain.

战争中没有任何事物是绝对可靠的。光辉战机也并不便宜。印度空军支付的单价是强加给 印度斯坦航空的，实际成本更高因为包括发动机在内的大多数子系统都依赖外包。由于发动机供应不稳定，这款战机也无法实现大批量生产。

Ravi Aguva · Nov 30
Tejas recent Dubai crash is symptom of a deeper malaise of Modi Administration. It being ‘bending over back’ to prove a moot point. Refusal to acknowledge ‘ inability to succeed’ and correct course.

光辉战机最近在迪拜的坠机事件暴露了莫迪政府更深层次的弊病。政府正"拼命弯腰"试图证明一个争议性问题，却拒不承认"无力成功"并纠正航向。

Debashis Mitra Nov 30
Soon you will be tagged as Pakistani.

很快你就会被贴上巴基斯坦人的标签。

Arvind · Dec 6
wdym inability to succeed? WE'VE ALREADY SUCCEEDED AND VISHWAGURU ACC TO MODI.

什么叫无法成功？据莫迪所说，我们已经成功了，而且成为了世界导师。

Patrick Koh· Nov 30
Hard for India to match the technology and speed of the west or China when it comes to fighter jets. At least India tried, and attempted the Tejas which is fairly decent on paper as a 4.5 G, as a stepping step to the next generation with more indigenous components such as the radar. Instead of working with Russia as they did with Brahmos, India decided to go with the western partners for the major parts, likely with export in mind, but I doubt it can achieve commercial success. Started in the 80s, it’s already looking outdated even before achieving sufficient operational numbers or full delivery. The unfortunate crash in Dubai just dampened its sales prospects, at least for a while.

印度在战斗机的技术和速度方面很难与西方或中国匹敌。至少印度尝试了，并且打造了"光辉"战机，这款纸面上还算不错的 4.5 代战机作为过渡机型，其雷达等更多部件实现了本土化。不同于与俄罗斯合作"布拉莫斯"导弹的模式，印度这次为关键部件选择了西方合作伙伴，可能出于出口考量，但我怀疑其能否取得商业成功。这款肇始于 80 年代的项目在尚未形成足够作战规模或完成全部交付前，就已显得过时。迪拜航展的坠机事故更是雪上加霜，至少短期内会严重影响其销售前景。

Arvind· Dec 6
tejas has 4th gen at best. not 4.5Gen
Su57 is 4.5 gen, Su30 is 4+ but not 4++ without upgrades. Rafale is 4++ or maybe 4.5 if utilized properly. Rafale is too overpriced.

"光辉"最多只能算是第四代战机，达不到 4.5 代水准。
苏-57 属于 4.5 代机，未升级的苏-30 是 4+而非 4++代。阵风若运用得当可算 4++或 4.5 代，但价格实在贵得离谱。

Societas· Nov 30
You can't junk the Tejas, it's a national 'jugaad' treasure. It's the classic Indian defense strategy: dream big, start late, and somehow complained why it failed and blame others.

光辉战机可不能废弃，它可是印度的"高性价比替代品"瑰宝。这完美体现了经典的印度国防策略：雄心勃勃地规划、姗姗来迟地启动，最后在失败时怨天尤人。
注:"Jugaad"是一个印地语词汇，指代一种灵活、节俭且富有创意的临时解决方案。

Debashis Mitra · Nov 30
Tejas was doomed from the drawing board itself.
While any nation, while planning for a new fighter jet , will think about 50 years down the line. Because at least 20 years would go into development phase.
To build Tejas we imagined a stage of warfare which prevailed in ’60s and already outdated in ‘80s. Our Rip Von Winkle ( read IAF ) awakened up with the Iraq war. Start demanding all the possibles and impossibles from that little airfrx.
Added with IAF’s dilemma our babus also suddenly wake up and postulated a diversification from Russia. Result is endless delay.
Tejas will do at sky what BSF does in land and coast guard at sea.
Another monumental wastage of resources is coming in the form of a Twin Engine Tejas MK2. That would be available for flight test with the 7 th generation stealth unmanned supersonic AI driven fighter jets of some other countries.

"光辉"战机从设计图纸阶段就注定了失败的命运。
一个国家在规划新型战斗机时，都会考虑未来 50 年的发展。因为光是研发阶段至少就需要 20 年时间。
我们研发"光辉"战机时，臆想的还是上世纪60 年代的空战模式——而这种模式到 80 年代就已过时。我们"沉睡的巨人"（指印度空军）在伊拉克战争后才如梦初醒，开始对这个小机体提出各种可能和不可能的要求。
雪上加霜的是，我们的官僚们突然觉醒，还提出要摆脱对俄罗斯的依赖。结果就是无休止的拖延。
"光辉"战机的空中表现，恐怕会像边防部队在陆地上、海岸警卫队在海上那样差强人意。
另一个巨大的资源浪费将来自双发版光辉 MK2 战机。待它进行飞行测试时，某些国家的第七代 AI 驱动隐身超音速无人战机可能都已服役。

Simon Dan· Nov 30
it is much cheaper just to make peace with China and return illegally occupied landed drawn by the British Raj

与其折腾不如和中国和解，归还英属印度时期非法划走的土地更划算。

Mayur Gharate · Nov 30
Sometimes I really wonder if this channel is purely foreign funded to influence the audience. Nothing appreciative comes out of these posts. Everything is criticism driven. That’s not how a country progresses. You need some help to drive these sectors. I am not saying I am an expert but the way you criticise. I am not buying everything you say.

有时候我真的很怀疑这个频道是不是纯粹由外国资金支持，旨在影响观众。这些帖子里找不到任何值得赞赏的内容，全都是批判导向。国家发展不能靠这种方式。这些领域需要一些助力推动。不是说我是专家，但你们的批评方式...我不会全盘接受你们说的每一句话。

JK Nov 30
What exactly deserves appreciation in India? Everywhere there is chaos, decay, and filth. This is not merely my personal observation, it is reflected in many vlogs made by foreign visitors with neutral perspectives.

印度到底有什么值得称道之处？四处充斥着混乱、衰败和污秽。这不仅是我的个人观感，许多持中立立场的外国访客制作的视频博客也反映了同样事实。

Rahul A Pandiyarajan Dec 1
If you are going to fix the problem please do so and then criticise! We will have something to verify and agree with you! Otherwise you are just making an entitled comment! The country is not entitled to be brilliant and meet your expectations! It is you who have a responsibility and duty to the country! Please focus on that. Also, if you have done something please let me know! I’d very much like to see it

如果你要解决问题，请先付诸行动再提出批评！这样我们才有依据来验证并认同你的观点！否则你只是在发表自以为是的评论！国家没有义务必须出色以满足你的期待！真正对国家负有责任和义务的是你！请专注于此。另外，若你已有所作为，请务必告知！我十分乐意见证你的贡献。

JK· Dec 1
Can you ask that to PM and all the other incharge? As a mere citizen what can I do, I am not a billionaire nor I am scientist, but I assure you, I do my work honestly without any corrupt mindset

这个问题您应该去问总理和其他负责人吧？作为一介平民我能做什么呢，我既不是亿万富翁也不是科学家，但我可以向您保证，我始终诚实工作，绝无贪腐之念。

Rahul · Nov 30
No one is forcing you to buy what’s being sold here. There are “India is Great” koolaid queues all over quora.
China did not accelerate ahead by looking at its century of humiliation and declaring it a success. They are still ashamed of it and that fuels its collective drive. We Indians on the other hand think we are God’s gift to the world. What have we invented or excelled at in the last 2000 years?!

没人强迫你购买这里销售的东西。Quora 上到处都是“印度伟大”的洗脑言论。
中国并非凭借回顾百年屈辱并宣称胜利而实现超越。他们仍以此为耻，而这正是集体奋进的动力源泉。反观我们印度人，总自以为是天赐世界的瑰宝。过去两千年间，我们究竟发明过什么？又擅于干什么事呢？！

Debashis Mitra · Nov 30
So , what way we can criticise?

那么，我们该用什么方式批评才合适呢？

Rehtaf Ruoy· Nov 30
Tejas is the best!

光辉战机是最棒的！

Sameer Kujur · Nov 30
For once, I’ll disagree with you Sir.
Even if Tejas is a crappy jet fighter, we should go with mass production. Just like the Soviet doctrine. If not Quality, go for quantity. Only through reprated trials and errors can we improve our aviation manufacturing capabilities. Currently we only have a handful of aircrafts. So, it’s too early to say, it’s a bad aircraft.

这一次，恕我不敢苟同，先生。
即便"光辉"是款糟糕的战斗机，我们也应该选择大规模生产。正如苏联的军事信条所示：质量不足，就用数量弥补。只有通过反复试错，才能提升我们的航空制造能力。目前我们仅拥有少量该型战机，单现在断言这是款劣质战机为时过早。

Jon Lee · Nov 30
The Tejas production is bottle necked by the availability of engines. And these are US GE engines.
How can you mass produce when the heart and soul of your aircraft is bottle necked by a foreign manufacturer?
This is the gist of the author’s comment.

光辉战机的生产正遭遇发动机供应瓶颈。这些还是美国通用电气的发动机。
当飞机的核心部件受制于国外制造商时，谈何大规模生产？
这便是作者评论的要义所在。

Societas Nov 30
The same tactic like Indian population explosion? Producing quantity without qualities

这就像印度人口爆炸的策略？数量上去了但质量堪忧。

Shiva Kumar· Nov 30
KB, stick to other matters, not defence. Being a banker and a South Indian, your knowledge of the defence sector is very poor.

KB，管好其他事吧，别碰国防领域。你一个银行家兼南印度人，对国防领域的了解实在贫乏。

Hari Dec 4
The best part of Tejas is that design ownership is India’s. We have mastered several technologies, which were denied by western Nations through Tejas, fly by wire, mission computers, composite materials, avionics, instruments, fuel management systems. The only thing that we have not aced is the aero engine. But even that, we are getting there. We have an engine good for drones, not for a mach. 2.5 ot 3 plane. Forget about using Tejas in war. We just need to continue our quest for technology. We have pursued doggedly. Even Israel sold its Lavi development programme to China, which is the basis for their fighter programs. Let us continue with Tejas Mk 1A and Tejas Mk 2 and AMCA. Let us conclude contract with Safran for engines as an immediate plan.

"光辉"战机最突出的优势在于其设计所有权完全归属印度。通过这个项目，我们已掌握多项曾被西方国家垄断的技术——电传飞控系统、任务计算机、复合材料、航电设备、仪器仪表以及燃油管理系统。如今唯一尚未攻克的只有航空发动机技术，但相关研发也正在突破中。目前我们拥有适用于无人机的发动机，但尚不足以为 2.5-3 马赫的战机提供动力。不必纠结"光辉"是否适合投入实战，持续突破技术壁垒才是关键。就像以色列曾将"狮"式战机研发方案出售给中国，这反而奠定了中国战机研发的基础。我们应当持续推进"光辉"Mk1A、Mk2 型号及 AMCA 五代机项目，同时立即与(法国）赛峰集团敲定发动机合作协议。

What is the use of even buying planes in which you can’t fit missiles of your choice. An F-35 can at best serve as a toy for our airforce boys, nothing more. You can’t use it in war. Atleast Tejas can flank can Rafale or a Su-30.
We have achieved Mach 24 through Agni missile, i.e. 28600 kmph per hour, something fantastic. We are going for the next Gen S-500 from Russia. Our Drone mfg. is doing well. The overall war and defense strategy matters, not nitpicking on individual programs. And Tejas programme has done a world of good for India. Better to spend money on our own programs than licence programs, where we learn 0. We end up producing outdated junk overtime.
Yes, to meet emergency needs, outright buys of multirole planes or bombers can be thought of to fill gaps if any in our war configuration.

买了连自己选的导弹都装不上的飞机有什么用？F-35 最多只能当我们空军小伙子的玩具，其他一无是处。战争时期根本用不上。至少光辉战机还能和阵风或苏-30 打配合。
通过烈火导弹我们已实现 24 马赫速度，也就是每小时 28600 公里，简直不可思议。我们正向俄罗斯引进下一代 S-500 防空系统。无人机制造进展顺利。整体国防战略才至关重要，何必纠结个别项目。光辉计划为印度带来了巨大效益。把钱投在自主项目上，总比搞授权生产强——后者根本学不到核心技术，时间久了只会造出一堆过时废铁。
是的，为满足紧急需求，可以考虑直接采购多用途战机或轰炸机来填补现有作战体系缺口。

Rodra Hascaryo Follow
Don’t know. And this has little to do with the accident the other day (which could be pilot error rather than something inherently bad with the design considering that it successfully pulled the maneuver before) or even the recent India-Pakistan shootout before that.
But rather, this has to do with stuff demonstrated in Ukraine. The age of non-stealthy fighter airplanes is coming to an end, a bit like propellers for fighters in the 1950s. Modern radars and missiles are just too good. These fighters could maybe be used to defend against the occasional intruding airplane and maybe cruise missile attacks but not used in offensive role in contested airspace without stealth airplanes, heavy electronic warfare support, and the willingness to lose a few of these multimillion dollar jets.

难下定论。这与日前的事故（考虑到该机型之前曾成功完成该机动动作，事故可能源自飞行员操作失误而非设计缺陷）乃至更早的印巴空中冲突都关联甚微。
然而，这实际上与乌克兰战场上展现的现实有关。非隐身战斗机的时代正走向终结，就像 1950 年代的螺旋桨战斗机那样。现代雷达和导弹的性能实在过于强大。这些战机或许还能用于防御偶尔入侵的敌机和巡航导弹袭击，但在缺乏隐身战机、强力电子战支援、且无法承受数百万美元战机损失的情况下，它们根本无法在对抗空域执行进攻任务。

And with the likely adversaries (namely China and/or Pakistan), “contested airspace” is guaranteed. As for dealing with terrorists and insurgents, there are cheaper solutions available; you don’t need full-fledged fighter jets.
The best thing for India to do is to use it as a stepping stone for more advanced projects, ideally a stealth airplane. The Tejas could still be kept though, except that it will most likely be in support of the stealth airplanes rather than the tip of the spear.

而面对印度可能的对手（即中国和/或巴基斯坦），"对抗空域"的存在是必然的。至于反恐平叛行动，完全有更经济的解决方案可用——根本不需要出动正规战斗机。
对印度而言，最佳策略是将"光辉"战斗机作为更先进项目（理想情况下是隐身战机）的跳板。当尽管'光辉'战斗机仍可能被保留，但它更可能被用于支援隐形战机作战，而非担任先锋角色。

Lee Jacobson · Nov 29
”The Tejas could still be kept though, except that it will most likely be in support of the stealth airplanes rather than the tip of the spear.”
Much like the F-15 and F-16s are in support of the stealthy F-35. But not having a stealth fighter bomber today is a real problem. India refuses to get too close to the US, but this will have consequences in their future wars.

"尽管'光辉'战斗机仍可能被保留，但它更可能被用于支援隐形战机作战，而非担任先锋角色。"
正如 F-15 和 F-16 战斗机为隐身战机 F-35 提供支援一样。但印度目前没有隐身战斗轰炸机确实是个大问题。该国拒绝与美国走得太近，这将在未来战争中造成后果。
凛冬将至 · Nov 29

As a lightweight fighter, the unit cost of the Tejas is only slightly lower than that of the American F-35! Yet, the combat capability gap is enormous!

作为轻型战斗机，"光辉"战机的单价仅略低于美国 F-35！然而两者作战能力却存在天壤之别！

Robert Williams· Nov 29
Well, in all due respect, you seriously have to compare the through-life cost of the F-35 vs Tejas. The fuel and maintance cost of operating the F-35 would far exceed that of the Tejas alone.

恕我直言，我们必须认真比较 F-35 与"光辉"战机的全寿命成本。仅就燃油和维护成本而言，F-35 的运营开支就远超"光辉"战机。
凛冬将至· Nov 29

No matter how high the total cost of the F-35 is, the total cost of 1.5 to 2 Tejas jets should roughly equal the cost of a single F-35. But does the combat capability follow the same ratio?

无论 F-35 的总成本有多高，1.5 到 2 架光辉战斗机的总成本应该约等于一架 F-35 的费用。但两者的作战能力是否也遵循相同比例呢？

Bhanu Sharma · Nov 29
It seems that India is pushing for establishing indigenously mastered manufacturing ecosystem for hi-tech products.
Building its own Light Combat Aircraft( Defence purpose) ; and, a transport aircraft( Commercial purpose) ; bullet train (fast transport) - are the first steps in that long path of technology acquisition and mastery which is both expensive and have long gestation cycle.

看来印度正在努力建立高科技产品的本土化制造生态系统。
自主研发轻型战斗机（国防用途）与运输机（商用领域），建设高速铁路（快捷运输）——这些都是漫长技术获取与掌握之路上的第一步，这条道路不仅耗资巨大，且孕育周期漫长。

Robert Williams · Nov 29
Isn't it amazing how the vast majority 'conviently' overlook the high accident rate of the ubiquitous F-16 when it first entered service with the USAF.....

难道不是很惊人吗，绝大多数人"巧妙"忽视了 F-16 战机刚服役美国空军时居高不下的事故率......
凛冬将至· Nov 29

The Tejas fighter jet is unwanted trash!
The 'International Parts Assembly' aircraft—Tejas—has had an astonishingly long development cycle, lasting for 30 to 40 years!
In contrast, China's J-20 was developed in less than 20 years. It is now the world's top-tier, purely domestically produced advanced fighter, with a quantity reaching 350 to 400 aircraft! India's Tejas jet is the bottom-feeder among 4th generation fighters, and with a fleet of fewer than 50 aircraft, it's nothing short of a joke!

"光辉"战斗机根本就是没人要的破烂货！
"国际零件组装"战机——光辉战斗机，其研发周期居然长达三四十年！
相比之下，中国的歼 20 耗时不到 20 年就研发成功。如今已是全球顶尖纯国产先进战机，数量更是达到 350 至 400 架！印度的光辉战机只能算四代机里的吊车尾，机群数量不足 50 架，简直是个笑话！

Gris Ramachandra · Nov 29
JF 17 has crashed 5 times. what a piece of shit trash.

枭龙都摔了 5 次了。什么破烂玩意儿。

William Garrison· Nov 29
India unsuccessfully tried to interest several Air Forces in the Tejas. For one reason or another, they all decided someone else offered a better aircraft. That's a bad sign. It also means per unit cost will remain very high for the Indian Air Force.

印度曾试图让多国空军对"光辉"战机产生兴趣，但未能如愿。出于各种原因，这些国家都认为其他厂商能提供更优秀的战机。这是个不妙的信号，同时也意味着印度空军将长期承受极高的单机采购成本。

Gris Ramachandran · Nov 29
is anyone buying J 20. Why not. why did nt it fly in dubai. cos its crap. so is your HQ9.

有谁买了歼 20 吗？为啥不买呢？它怎么没在迪拜航展现身？因为它就是垃圾。你们的红旗-9 也好不到哪去。

Ravi Follow
83 Tejas Mk1A aircraft originally scheduled to begin in February 2024, are still not delivered due to slow deliveries of the Fighter Engine from General Electric
So yeah what's the future? Right?
When the top countries of the world are fighting over who will have the sixth generation first, as India is struggling with 4th generation aircraft production. Leave about when Mk 2 test flights are gonna happen and be certified.
So how can any aircraft secure a great future when its design is already outdated?
Unless produced in large numbers as a supporting fleet for top-generation fighters but how will you do? You are dependent on a USA company for engines.
Tejas risks becoming what the MiG-21 was in the Su-30 era present in numbers, but not defining the battle which is why still no customer Tejas has till today except the Indian Air Force.

原定于 2024 年 2 月交付的 83 架光辉 Mk1A 战机，因通用电气发动机交付缓慢至今仍未交货.
那么未来的前景如何呢？明白了吧？
当世界主要大国竞相研发第六代战机时，印度还在为第四代战机的生产苦苦挣扎。更别提 Mk2 型号何时能试飞并获得认证了。
当一款战机的设计已然过时，它又如何能确保辉煌的未来？
除非大规模生产作为顶级战机的辅助机队——但你打算怎么做？发动机还得依赖美国公司。
"光辉"战机可能重蹈"苏-30"时代"米格-21"的覆辙：数量可观却无法主宰战场，这就是它为什么至今除了印度空军外仍没有买家。

Guru Radhakrishnan · Dec 1
In ww2 Germans had much superior tanks still russia won by outproducing. In war supply chain matters a lot. When german generals saw the allied supply chain numbers they knew they lost the war. If a squdaran gets wiped out russia or China can replace that quickly. India is pretty much lost at that point fully exposed and vulnerable.

二战时期德国坦克性能远胜苏联，但苏联通过产量优势取胜。战争时期供应链至关重要。当德国将领看到盟军补给线数据时，便知道败局已定。若一个飞行中队被歼灭，俄中两国可迅速完成补充。届时印度将彻底暴露软肋陷入绝境。

কমরেড জ্যোতি বসু · Mon
it doesn’t matter, India had highest number of Mig-21s due to the numbers doctrine, but what happened then? nothing

数量优势根本无济于事，印度曾因信奉"数量至上"理论而拥有了最多米格-21 战机，结果呢？并没有什么用。

Shah Punekar· Nov 30
While ISRO had some success , why can't HAL?

既然印度太空研究组织能取得成就，为何印度斯坦航空公司不行？

Peekaboo· Dec 1
Indias are good as workers but not Poineer at Inventing and Producing advance technology products on their own. India Politicians and government free schemes are curse for budget allocation crunch. Atleast things are changing now but there in country some indian people are dragging back the India's development.

印度人善于执行工作，但在自主发明和生产先进技术产品方面缺乏开拓精神。印度政治家和政府的免费福利计划导致预算分配紧张，堪称一种诅咒。虽然目前情况正在转变，但该国部分群体仍在拖累印度的发展进程。

SKK· Dec 1
when people like you who BA pass from third class university and trying to write on complex aeronautical engineering than answer must be like that.
For readers
Developing a fighter aircraft is very complex engineering and this technology has always secretly guided by the countries who master this technology. Developing aerodynamics structure, radar system, fly by wire, and numbers of other subsystems is not easy task that's why very few countries have this technology. Developing from scratch it needs lot of time, money and industrial infrastructures present in the country. Up to 2000 India only invested in developing only in certain system rest rely on foreign vendors. Only in last 20 years India make the mind to develop world class plane and invested according to need. Now India capable to manufacture important systems of plane up to 60 -70% except engines. There is no waste of money and time as we learned most of the engineering related to fighter plane during the period.

像你这样从三流大学毕业的文科生，却试图谈论复杂的航空工程问题，答案自然如此肤浅。
致读者：
研发战斗机是一项极其复杂的工程，掌握这项技术的国家始终对其讳莫如深。研制空气动力学结构、雷达系统、电传飞控以及众多其他子系统绝非易事，这正是全球仅有少数国家拥有该技术的原因。从零开始研发不仅需要漫长时间和巨额资金，更离不开本国完善的工业基础设施。2000 年前印度仅专注于某些系统的开发，其余均依赖外国供应商。近二十年来印度才决心研制世界级战机并相应投入资源。如今印度已能自主生产战机约 60-70%的关键系统（发动机除外）。这段历程中我们掌握了大量战机相关工程技术，并未浪费资金与时间。

Tejas is now evolving, and upgrade version will have very advance avionics, radar and other subsystem and capable to match F-15 and F-16 and F-35.
The concept of 5th and 6th generation is largely based on escape/stealth mechanism. That is not seen in enemy radar but other systems are very much compatible. In next 10-year India will emerge as one of important manufacturer of very advance flying machine. Our Industry is now forefront to do this task. Soon be Lochhead martin and boing like compony will emerge from India.

光辉战机正处于迭代升级阶段，改进型号将配备尖端的航电系统、雷达及其他子系统，其性能可媲美 F-15、F-16 乃至 F-35 等机型。
第五代和第六代战斗机的概念主要基于隐身技术。这种技术让战机在敌方雷达上难以察觉，同时保持其他系统的强兼容性。未来十年内，印度将崛起为先进飞行器的重要制造国之一。我国工业现已站在这一使命的前沿。很快，印度将会诞生洛克希德·马丁和波音级别的航空企业。

Faisal Haroon Badshah · 6h
It is a Junk & it ll bring harm than good to IAF Pilots like what we recently saw at Dubai Air Show.

这款战机就是垃圾，只会给印度空军飞行员带来危害而非好处——就像我们最近在迪拜航展上看到的那样。

Mrs Lili Basu Biswas Follow
Tejas has no future. It would be used only by IAF and would be retired by 2040–2050. It's time is over now.
It has taken 40 years to develop the usable varient MK1A. Now we are struggling with its production.

"光辉"战机前途黯淡。它仅会被印度空军使用，并将在 2040 至 2050 年间退役。它的时代已经结束。
研发可用型号 MK1A 花费了 40 年时间。如今我们正为其量产焦头烂额。

Sreedhar Follow
LCA Tejas aircraft has an organized adverse campaign against it from Chinese and Pakistan’s half-baked experts and their Indian sympathizers.
Is LCA is so bad as being portrayed by China or Pakistan or their Indian sympathizers? Best person to answer is the one who uses it, i.e Indian Air Force (IAF). However, IAF doesn't embroil itself in politics by speaking about Indian foreign etc. But see its action. First it placed order for 40 Tejas aircraft. Before the delivery of the 40 could be completed, it placed another order of 83 LCA MkA aircraft. Before, the single aircraft of that 83 could begin, it has placed another order of 97 aircraft, ALL AT THE COST OF F-16, F/A-18, MiG 35, Gripen etc. If the aircraft is not good as per China, Pak or their Indian sympathizers, is IAF, which has bundled-out Pakistan to beg for cease fire within 88 hours, is so dumb to place order after order, that too when the aircraft like F-16, F/A-18, Mig 35, Gripen etc were available at the same cost. This fact alone should be adequate to answer this question

LCA"光辉"战斗机面临着来自中国和巴基斯坦半吊子专家及其印度支持者系统性抹黑行动。
光辉战机真有中国、巴基斯坦或他们在印度的支持者所描绘的那么糟糕吗？最有资格回答的莫过于其使用者——印度空军。虽然印度空军从不通过评价印度外交等事务卷入政治，但请看它的实际行动：先是以 40 架光辉战机的订单开局，在这 40 架尚未交付完毕时就追加了 83 架光辉 MkA 型的订单，当这批 83 架还未开始生产时，又果断签下 97 架新订单——所有这些采购都是以放弃 F-16、F/A-18、米格 35 和鹰狮等机型为代价的。如果真如中国、巴基斯坦或其印度支持者所言这款战机性能不佳，那么能在 88 小时内打得巴基斯坦乞求停火的印度空军，会愚蠢到接二连三下单吗？更何况 F-16、F/A-18、米格 35 和鹰狮等机型当时都以同等价格可供选择。仅此事实便足以回答这个问题了

Next, usefulness of any fighter aircraft is dependent on its agility, its armaments, Vulnerability & Survivability etc. Agility is the function of the engine and the aerodynamic efficiency of the aircraft. Engine (GE F404) is the BEST in this weight class/ generation (4.5) of the aircraft. The aerodynamic efficiency depends on Thrust weight ratios, Lift drag ratios, Payload/ Weight ratio etc and all of them are almost equivalent to the best in world like F-16, F/A-18, Mig 35, Gripen etc. These benign scientific factors, along with quadruplex fly-by-wire flight control systems (Even aircraft like J10 does not have this feature) take the aircraft easily to its limits, thus ensuring maximum & best possible agility, ONLY limited by the metallurgical constraints of the materials used in the aircraft structure. In armament, this aircraft has proven/battle-tested Russian/ French missile in close combat, proven/battle-tested Israeli/ French missile in BVR combat, a range of proven/battle-tested US / French/ Israeli armaments in stand-off air-to-ground role etc. It has best mix in all role with enviable quantity (good Payload/MTOW ratio) and quality

接下来，任何战斗机的实用性都取决于其机动性、武器装备、抗打击能力及生存能力等。机动性由发动机性能和飞机气动效率决定。在该重量级别/第四代半战机中，其配备的 GE F404 发动机堪称最佳。气动效率则取决于推重比、升阻比、载重比等参数，这些指标均与F-16、F/A-18、米格 35、鹰狮等世界顶级战机旗鼓相当。这些优越的科技因素，加之电传飞控系统（甚至歼 10 等机型都未配备该技术），使该机型能轻松达到性能极限，从而确保实现最优机动性——唯一制约因素仅在于机体结构材料的冶金学极限。武器装备方面，该机型装载的俄制/法制近距格斗导弹、以色列/法制超视距空战导弹，以及美制/法制/以色列防区外对地攻击武器等均经过实战检验。其在所有作战任务中都实现了数量（优异的载重/最大起飞重量比）与质量的最佳组合。

In Vulnerability & Survivability front, the aircraft has air-frx made of composite for 50% of the wetted area, which by far the highest in the world. This along with smoothly blended and gradually faceted canopy, air-intake and wing shapes reduce the RCS of the aircraft. Over & above it uses Top of the line Radars and EW systems from the best in this business, Israeli industries, whose mastery in this needs no external validation.
It has open system architecture compatible with Western and Russian system’s protocols with full option to any future upgradation in plug & play format, whereas PAF and Chinese aircrafts are built on some unknown Chinse protocols compatible only to untested/non-battle proven Chines systems. It has well demonstrated and certified data lix capabilities to operate with other aircraft / AWACs in one role and to lead a swarm of UCAVs in other role. Over and above, the aircraft comes with an enviable sensor fused systems with good inflight/ ground diagnostic / prognostic capabilities to the likes of any quoted western modern aircraft, which are now matured in the fleet, validated by the steadily increasing average availability of the aircraft for the missions

在脆弱性与生存能力方面，该战机的复合材料使用面积达到机身区域的 50%，这一比例目前居全球之冠。平滑过渡的渐变折面座舱盖、进气道与机翼造型，结合上述设计，有效降低了战机的雷达反射截面积。更配备以色列顶尖军工业的顶级雷达与电子战系统——其技术实力无需外界认证。
该机型采用开放式系统架构，兼容西方与俄罗斯系统协议，并能以即插即用模式支持未来任何升级；相较之下，巴基斯坦空军与中国战机基于某些未知的中国协议，仅适配未经实战检验的中制系统。其数据链能力经过充分验证认证，既能与其他战机/预警机协同作战，也可主导无人机群行动。此外，战机搭载的传感器融合系统令人艳羡，具备媲美西方现代战机的空中/地面故障诊断与预测能力，目前已在成熟机队中验证成效——任务平均出勤率稳步提升即为明证。

The only problem is the supply chain issues in GE Engines’ supply, due to ongoing Russia-Ukraine war affecting raw materials’ supply to GE from these region. Again, this is a Program issue and not with aircraft or its production line. But good news is that GE engine supply is now picking up pace and HAL stepping-up the production rate to the committed delivery rate is just matter of time.
To sum it up, the strong validation of this aircraft by the formidable user (IAF), who is third best in the world, realistic analysis of scientific factors and the strong portfolio of weapons that it carries with minimal vulnerability provide adequate testimonies to the fact that LCA-Tejas aircraft has good future, despite the half-baked naysayers……

唯一的问题在于通用电气发动机供应链方面的困难，这是由于持续进行的俄乌战争影响了该地区向通用电气供应原材料。同样，这是项目层面的问题，而非飞机或其生产线本身。但好消息是通用电气发动机的供应现已提速，印度斯坦航空有限公司将生产率提升至承诺交付水平只是时间问题。
总而言之，这款战机获得了世界排名第三的强大用户（印度空军）的有力验证，对其科学因素的务实分析，以及其搭载的强大武器系统与极低的易损性，都充分证明了 LCA-光辉战机拥有光明前景——尽管那些半吊子的唱衰者仍在质疑……

Ajoy Vargis Follow
Of lately, since May 10th, 2025 after 88 hour operation Sindoor against Pakistan, Indian defense Industry has been portrayed in bad light mostly by western media and even by prominent Indian Quorans.
Reason is simple. 90% of war technology used in the operation where manufactured locally. So the capability of these technologies where completely blindsided to western companies as none of their components were ordered or used. Mostly Israeli and Russian companies were used. French Rafales. These gave little visibility of Indian tech capability to western countries .
Following crash of Tejas MK1A in Dubai, many western media has been running Pakistaní propaganda article demeaning Indian defence industry.

近日（2025 年 5 月 10 日），印度对巴基斯坦展开为期 88 小时的"辛杜尔"军事行动后，西方媒体乃至印度本国知名 Quora 用户大多对印度国防工业持负面评价。
原因很简单。此次行动中 90%的作战技术装备均为本土制造。由于未采购或使用任何西方公司的零部件，这些技术的真实能力完全出乎西方企业预料——主要采用了以色列、俄罗斯企业的技术，以及法国阵风战机。这导致西方国家对印度技术实力的认知极其有限。
随着"光辉"Mk1A 战机在迪拜坠毁，多家西方媒体持续发布贬损印度国防工业的巴基斯坦宣传报道。


Saab JAS 39 Gripen Fighter Jet.

萨博 JAS 39 鹰狮战斗机。

This component level technology with flag of country of origin used in Swedish jet fighter. It shows inorder for sale of Saab JAS 39 Gripen , one needs no obxtion from six countries.

这组印有原产国标识的组件技术被用于瑞典战斗机。这表明想要出售萨博 JAS 39 鹰狮战机，需获得六个国家的无异议许可。


Tejas MK1A Fighter Jet

光辉 MK1A 战斗机

You can see the level of western contribution in technology and parts thus preventing the sale of Tejas fighter plane. Soon American component would be replaced by Indo-French component which will make usage or sale of Tejas jet more smoother and sanction proof.

由此可看出西方技术与部件的参与程度，这也阻碍了光辉战机的销售。很快美制部件将被印法联合组件取代，这将使光辉战机的使用和销售更为顺畅，且免受制裁影响。

Sandhu · Nov 29
Finally a sensible answer.
I am fully aware this hurts lots of Indians as Indians are the only people who hate their own country.

终于有个清醒的回答了。
我完全明白这会刺痛许多印度人，因为印度人是唯一会憎恨自己祖国的民族。

Bobi · Nov 29
Garbage! Model aircraft-grade military product. Small size, short range, small payload, little upgrade potential, and low production volume. Even the Indian military wouldn't want to buy this junk. A new-era flying coffin, a widow maker; its biggest advantage is its low production quantity. As always, these garbage Indian patriots blame the American engines.

垃圾！模型飞机级别的军用产品。体型小、航程短、载弹量有限、升级潜力微乎其微，而且产量还低。连印度军方都不愿采购这种破烂货。新时代的飞行棺材，寡妇制造机；它最大的优点就是产量低。和往常一样，这些印度的爱国垃圾又把问题归咎于美国的发动机。

Tejas Zks· Nov 29
Explain in details. LCA Tejas is replacing Mig21 for point defence aircraft and since it is multirole so can do tactical strike role. For Airdefence and airsuperiority we have Su30 MKI and Mig 29 UPG in numbers and for deep penetration we have Rafale and for Electronic warfare and special operation we have Mirage 2000 UPG. For anti armour bombing mission we have Jaguar. These are for our Airforce and for Naval arm we have Specat Jaguar and Mig29K

详细说明如下：LCA"光辉"战斗机将替代米格-21 充当要地防空战机，因其具备多用途特性，亦可执行战术打击任务。在防空与制空作战方面，我们拥有数量可观的苏-30MKI 和升级版米格-29UPG；纵深打击任务由"阵风"战机负责；电子战与特种作战则由幻影 2000UPG 承担。针对反装甲轰炸任务，我们配备了"美洲虎"攻击机。以上为空军编制，而海军航空兵部队则列装了海上型"美洲虎"和米格-29K 舰载机。

Boss · Nov 28
Criticism will help in keeping the real power of Tejas understated. The enemy must always underestimate the capacity. This gives us an upper hand during wars.

批评有助于保持"光辉"战机的真实实力被低估。敌人必须始终低估其能力，这会让我们在战争中占据优势。

Rutger Jönåker· Dec 5
The best weapon is the one that never has to be used.
You do that by convincing the enemy that attacking is not worth the effort.
-No country using Swedish airplanes has ever been attacked, which proves the point…

最好的武器是永远不必动用的武器。
通过让敌人相信进攻得不偿失来实现这一目标。
使用瑞典战机的国家从未遭受过攻击，这一事实印证了其价值...

QW· Nov 29
What's the point of a person having healthy limbs if their brain isn't their own? Indian aircraft rely on Western-made core components. Swedish aircraft use a large number of Western parts not because the Swedes can't manufacture them, but because of cost considerations—a fundamental difference from India's approach.
Don't accuse others of belittling India's defense industry; the Tejas fighter jet's 30-year development cycle from design to delivery speaks volumes.

若失去自主思想，纵四肢健全又有何意义？印度战机仰仗西方制造的核心部件。瑞典战机虽大量采用西方零件，非因瑞典无力自产，实乃成本考量——此与印度的做法存在根本差异。
别指责他人贬低印度国防工业，"光辉"战斗机从设计到交付历时 30 年的研发周期已经说明了一切。

xiaomi14· Nov 29
While the jet is certainly a great achievement for India’s industry, it is unfortunately already outdated…
Hence, I do not think that the plane will sell.

虽然这款战机确实是印度工业的伟大成就，但不幸的是它已经过时了...
因此，我认为这款战机销量不会好。

Tejas Zks· Nov 29
You fails to see the big picture. It’s not the plane Tejas which was the main aim of India to develop and manufacture rather it was the LCA program i.e the capability, industrial, research and development base for which more than 100 institution/labs of DRDO are involved. And in this process LCA Tejas was developed. Big technologies which we had to master was Design and development of airfrx, control laws, metallugical advancement, Engine, FBW (fly by fire), and MMR and various electronic LRU’s. Holistic approach have to be taken for slowly developing , validating, because a single mishaps could have put the whole program into backburner. BTW this is not our first attempt the first one was HAL HF24 Marut by HAL. Tejas is developed by ADA. So what it gives us — the technological confidence for ADA to attempt 5th Gen Aircraft AMCA, The Carrier capable demonstrator for future N-AMCA. Various development like Uttam Aesa Radar, And most important the dream to be self sufficient. We know there are lot of field we need to workout such as metallugy, Engine technology, and manufacturing capability but we will achieve it. When India started it’s Missile program, the first surface to surface missile Pritivi — 250Km range Liquid fuel powered was the medicore development. But see today we are self sufficient and we have best in class missiles now comparable to global power.

你没有看清大局。印度研发制造光辉战机的首要目标并非这架飞机本身，而是整个 LCA 项目——即建立起涵盖工业、科研与发展的综合能力体系，这项工程涉及印度国防研究与发展组织旗下超 100 家机构/实验室的协同攻关。正是在这个过程中，LCA"光辉"战机应运而生。我们必须攻克的关键技术包括：机体设计与开发、飞控律算法、冶金工艺升级、发动机系统、电传飞控、多功能雷达以及各类电子可更换单元。必须采取渐进式的整体发展策略进行验证测试，因为任何一次重大事故都可能导致整个项目搁浅。顺带一提，这并非我们的首次尝试，早前印度斯坦航空就研发过 HF-24"风神"战机，而"光辉"则由印度航空开发局主导研发。该项目为我们带来的核心价值在于：使印度航空开发局获得了研制第五代战机 AMCA 的技术信心；为未来海军版 N-AMCA 开发舰载验证机；催生"乌塔姆"有源相控阵雷达等多项技术突破；最重要的是实现了自主国防的梦想。我们清楚在冶金、发动机技术和制造能力等领域仍需持续突破，但这些目标终将实现。 印度启动导弹计划之初，其首个地对地导弹"大地"-250 公里射程的液体燃料推进型号只是平庸之作。但如今我们已实现自给自足，拥有可与世界强国比肩的一流导弹系统。

Ravi Aguva · Nov 29
Good analysis, but this indigenization has been going on for ages, with IAF top brass itself expressing it's disappointment. A Crash need to be investigated as the Pilot was a senior and capable pilot. Criticism is warranted, as we need to be extra cautious .Our unfriendly Western neighbour’s defence capabilities are completely aligned with a tech savvy China , which is surging ahead in Defence technology, giving jitters to USA.

分析得很好，但本土化进程已持续多年，印度空军高层多次表达了失望情绪。这次坠机事件必须彻查，因为飞行员是位经验丰富且能力出众的老手。批评是必要的，我们必须格外谨慎——我们西边那个不友善的邻国正与技术先进的中国全面对接防务能力，而中国在国防科技领域的突飞猛进已令美国感到不安。

Opinionated · Nov 29
I would counter your point about Western media portraying India developed systems as poor. They did following that operation, but not to downplay it in favor of US defense manufacturers. Rather Western media has been moving quickly without verifying sources for years meaning they often mouthpiece Chinese propaganda. The real beneficiary of a downplay of the perception of India-domesticly produced systems is Chinese defense manufacturers. The 88 hour operation saw India facing primarily Chinese manufactured systems and the Chinese propaganda machine went into overdrive to hype up Chinese weapon systems, particularly around that downed Rafale.

我想反驳你关于西方媒体把印度研发的系统描述得很糟糕的观点。他们确实在那次行动后这么做了，但并不是为了贬低印度以惠及美国国防制造商。多年来西方媒体经常未经核实消息来源就快速发布报道，这意味着他们往往成为中国宣传的传声筒。实际上，贬低印度国产武器系统印象的真正受益者是中国国防制造商。在那 88 小时的行动中，印度面对的主要是中国制造的武器系统，而中国宣传机器开足马力鼓吹中国武器系统，尤其是围绕那架被击落的阵风战机大做文章。

Those of us who actually followed the op closely know that India obliterated Pakistan's air fields, air defense network, and Inida's missiles surgically took out all of the terrorist training targets, but you were on offense so you took some losses; that's going to happen. But India, and the West, were not prepared for the Chinese PR offensive that portrayed this somehow as a Pakistani victory using Chinese made systems.
Trump didn’t help you much either.
As an aside, I think the Tejas is great. Can it compare to modern Western systems? Of course not, but the Indian industry is new comparatively and its a good fighter that meets India's needs and is entirely domestically produced. That alone is an achievement worth noting, and it means the next jet designed there will be even better, and entirely domestic.

我们这些密切关注行动的人都知道，印度精确摧毁了巴基斯坦的机场、防空系统，导弹袭击精准端掉了所有恐怖分子训练营目标。你们处于进攻方自然会有损失，这很正常。但印度和西方都没料到中国会发动舆论攻势，把这场战役渲染成巴基斯坦使用中国制装备取得的胜利。
特朗普也没给你们帮上多大忙。
顺便说一句，我认为光辉战机很不错。它能媲美现代西方系统吗？当然不能，但印度航空工业相对年轻，这款战机完全自产且能满足印度需求，单这点就值得称道了。这意味着他们下一代战机会更好，而且是完全国产的。