在二战期间，如果一名盟军犹太士兵被德军俘虏，他会被当作普通战俘对待，还是会获得“特殊”待遇？

Robert Horning Former Retired Public School Educator (1982–2012)

罗伯特·霍宁 前公立学校教育工作者（1982–2012年任职）

As the war went on and the situation regarding treatment of Jewish People by the Nazis became known, the American military allowed American military personnel who were Jewish to choose service in the Pacific theater rather than in Europe where they ran the risk of being captured and identified. True story. My father worked in a factory after the war. He had a friend there who was part of an American bomber crew who was shot down over occupied Europe. The man was Jewish, and identified as such by the “J” on his dogtags. He was separated from the other POWs and sent east on a cattle train- to Auschwitz in Poland as it turned out. All he knew was that he was always going East. Upon arrival the cars were opened and the living and the dead emptied out on the left side of the cars and lined up for sextion- live or die. My Dad’s friend got off the RIGHT side of the car and slowly, deliberately walked away. He did not run or make a fuss, and the guards were so busy lining up the living that they simply did not notice one man walking away. Once clear of the camp he just started walking West. At the outskirts of a village he stole a baby carriage. He walked down the roads daytimes and evening just as though he belonged there and hid wherever during the nights. When the roads were next to farms he stole whatever was planted there, usually turnips, and he stole some clothes off someone’s clothesline to blend in better with local people, storing his things in the baby carriage. Over some months he walked back west across Poland and Germany and somehow met American ground forces coming East near the French border. I wish his story was better known, but as far as I know he never told it outside his family except to my father.

随着战争推进，纳粹迫害犹太人的情况逐渐曝光，美国军方允许犹太裔美军人员选择在太平洋战区服役，而非欧洲——在欧洲他们面临被俘并被识别身份的风险。这是一个真实的故事。我父亲战后在一家工厂工作，厂里有个朋友曾是美国轰炸机机组人员，在被占领的欧洲上空被击落。此人是犹太人，军牌上的“J”字母暴露了他的身份，他被与其他战俘分开，送上一列运牛火车向东行驶，最终目的地是波兰的奥斯威辛集中营。他当时只知道自己一直在往东走。抵达后，车厢门被打开，生者与死者被全部拖拽到车厢左侧，列队等待“筛选”——决定生死。我父亲的朋友却从车厢右侧下车，缓慢而从容地走开。他没有奔跑，也没有喧哗，而守卫正忙着组织生者列队，完全没注意到有一个人离开了。逃离集中营后，他开始向西行进，在一个村庄外围偷了一辆婴儿车。他白天和傍晚沿着道路行走，装作此地居民，夜晚则随处躲藏。当道路靠近农场时，他会偷些地里种的东西（通常是芜菁），还从别人的晾衣绳上偷了些衣服，以便更好地融入当地人，所有物品都放在婴儿车里。几个月后，他穿越波兰和德国向西折返，最终在法国边境附近遇到了向东推进的美国地面部队。我希望他的故事能被更多人知晓，但据我所知，除了我父亲，他从未向家人以外的人讲述过。

Giridharan Velamore History buff, with interest growing everyday

吉里达兰·维拉莫尔 历史爱好者，兴趣日益浓厚

There is a very interesting case of Jewish POWs incarcerated in a death camp with special treatment. Many would have watched or known the British TV film, 'Escape from Sobibor'. It is the real story of the biggest escape achieved by Jewish prisoners in the Sobibor death camp. The chief architect of the escape was Lt Sasha Pechersky, a Jewish POW captured in the Battle of Moscow. He was down with typhus after capture. After his recovery, during the medical examination he admitted to the German medical officer as a Jew, as he had been circumcised. The rest of the Russian soldiers were POWs, but he and his fellow Jewish soldiers were sent to the death camp at Sobibor. The existing Polish prisoners valued his military leadership and asked him to lead them in their escape plan. He came up with a simple and effective plan for escape with other Russian Jewish POWs. And executed one of the most successful prison escape from the deadly prison camp. Had they not escaped along with the other prisoners, the Jewish POWs would have been dead like millions at Auschwitz.

有一个关于犹太战俘在死亡集中营中遭受特殊对待并成功逃脱的有趣案例。很多人可能看过或听说过英国电视剧《逃离索比堡》，这是索比堡死亡集中营中犹太囚犯最大规模逃亡的真实故事。逃亡计划的核心策划者是萨沙·佩切尔斯基中尉，他是一名在莫斯科战役中被俘的犹太战俘。被俘后他患上了斑疹伤寒，康复后接受体检时，由于受过割礼，他向德国军医承认了自己的犹太人身份。其他俄罗斯士兵同样是战俘，但他和其他犹太士兵被送往了索比堡死亡集中营。集中营里原本的波兰囚犯十分认可他的军事领导才能，邀请他带领大家制定逃亡计划。他与其他俄罗斯犹太战俘共同设计了一个简单有效的逃亡方案，并成功实施了这场死亡集中营史上最成功的越狱之一。如果他们没有与其他囚犯一同逃亡，这些犹太战俘恐怕会像奥斯威辛的数百万犹太人一样惨遭杀害。

Larry Rivetz Former criminal defence lawyer specializing in homicide defence for 30 years

拉里·里维茨 前刑事辩护律师，专注凶杀案辩护30年

I can relate you one soldier’s experience. My best friend’s dad was captured in France sometime after D Day. He was sent to a POW camp run by the luffwaffe and treated as another POW. His name was obviously jewish, but it was never brought up, nor was he mistreated or treated differently then the other American POWs. The western POWs were treated correctly and received packages from the Red Cross. The Russian POWs were segregated and treated like animals, barely fed or housed. The western POWs used to throw them food and clothes over the separating fence. One of the guards was actually an American who had returned to Germany before the war and was from NY, as was my friend. He used to love to reminisce about NY. The liberating Russians killed him along with all the other German guards, understandable after seeing how their countrymen were treated. It’s my understanding, things were different if you were sent to an SS run camp.

我可以给你讲一个士兵的经历。我最好朋友的父亲在诺曼底登陆后的某个时间在法国被俘，被送往德国空军运营的战俘营，待遇与其他战俘无异。他的名字显然带有犹太特征，但从未有人提及这一点，他也没有受到虐待或区别对待。西方战俘得到了公正对待，还能收到红十字会的包裹，而俄罗斯战俘则被隔离，待遇如同牲畜，几乎得不到食物和住所。西方战俘常会隔着隔离栅栏给他们扔食物和衣服。有一名守卫实际上是美国人，战前回到了德国，和我朋友一样来自纽约，他总爱回忆纽约的往事。解放营地的俄罗斯士兵把他和其他所有德国守卫都杀了——在目睹了同胞遭受的待遇后，这一点可以理解。据我所知，如果被送往党卫军运营的营地，情况就完全不同了。

Mike Prozan Jewish

迈克·普罗赞 犹太人

Originally Answered: In WW2, if an Allied jewish soldier were captured by German forces, would he be treated as an ordinary POW or receive "special" treatment? Family lore is that this happened to a great Uncle (US). The story is that he was treated like a regular POW. His last name was Simmons so the name was not a dead give away The lore is silent on whether or not the Germans knew it. The story goes that as the war was ending, the Germans opened the gates and let the prisoners out. They gave him a Luger, a watch, and a chess clock of all things. He needed surgery when he got back to the Allies and the watch got stolen. I have the clock. A cousin has the Lugar. I should add that I may be conflating the stories. I had two great Uncles who served with the same last name, one at Anzio (POW) one was "clean up" at the Battle of the Bulge (not a POW). The chess clock seems like it may have come from the one who was not the POW. But I do have the clock with "PFC Simmons" scratched in it.

原始问题：二战中，盟军犹太士兵若被德军俘虏，会被当作普通战俘对待还是受到“特殊”待遇？
家族传闻中，我的一位曾叔公（美国人）就遭遇过这种情况。据说他得到了普通战俘的待遇，他姓西蒙斯，这个姓氏并不容易暴露犹太身份，传闻中没有提及德国人是否知晓他的犹太血统。故事说战争即将结束时，德国人打开了营地大门释放战俘，还给他了一把鲁格手枪、一块手表，以及一个出人意料的国际象棋钟。他回到盟军阵营后需要接受手术，手表在此期间被盗，现在那只国际象棋钟在我手上，一把鲁格手枪在堂兄那里。我得补充一点，我可能把两个故事混淆了——我有两位同姓的曾叔公都服过役，一位参加了安齐奥战役（成了战俘），另一位在突出部战役中负责“清理工作”（未被俘）。这只国际象棋钟似乎来自那位未被俘的曾叔公，但上面确实刻着“列兵西蒙斯”的字样。

Roberto Grobman Research Technician at Transceptar Technologies (2016–present)

罗伯托·格罗布曼  研究技术员（2016年至今）

If the military were arrested, being a Jew, he would be summarily executed or sent to a death camp. It is interesting to report the participation of Brazilian Jewish fighters during the Second World War, which was little known. Even those who became heroes, awarded medals to the US Army Silver Star and the Cross Combat 1a. Class, granted only in cases of exceptional bravery in combat were almost forgotten. There is a book that includes reports on 42 of them, 30 Army, Navy 4, 3 and FAB 5 of the Merchant Marine, of which in 2008 there are only 13 were still alive. Brazilian Jews were the first generation born, their parents and grandparents were immigrants from countries like Morocco, Poland, Turkey and Russia. Also featured are 10 more veterans, including friendly nations living in Brazil. 'Soldiers who came from afar' is the story of authentic heroes, who did not hesitate to expose yourself to two hazards, example for future generations.

如果犹太士兵被俘，他们通常会被立即处决或送往死亡集中营。值得一提的是巴西犹太战士在二战中的参与情况，这一点鲜为人知。即便那些成为英雄、获得美国陆军银星勋章和一级战斗十字勋章（仅授予战斗中表现出非凡勇气者）的人，也几乎被遗忘。有一本书收录了其中42人的事迹，包括30名陆军士兵、4名海军士兵、3名巴西空军士兵和5名商船船员，截至2008年，其中仅有13人在世。这些巴西犹太人是第一代本土出生者，他们的父母和祖父母是来自摩洛哥、波兰、土耳其和俄罗斯等国的移民。书中还介绍了另外10名老兵，包括居住在巴西的友国人士。《远道而来的战士》讲述的是真正的英雄故事，他们毫不犹豫地直面双重危险，为后代树立了榜样。

Alon Shalev A religious Jew, PhD candidate in Jewish studies.

阿隆·沙莱夫 宗教犹太人，犹太研究博士候选人

There is at least one precedent I am aware of. Emmanuel levinas (french-jewish philosopher) served as a translator in the French army in WWII and fell prisoner. As I heard it, his pow status was the only thing that saved hive from deportation to death camps.

据我所知至少有一个先例。埃马纽埃尔·列维纳斯（法国犹太哲学家）二战期间在法国军队担任翻译，后被俘。我听说，正是战俘身份救了他，使他免于被押往死亡集中营。

Gwydion Madawc Williams Know a lot of military history

格威迪恩·马达克·威廉姆斯 熟知军事历史

Originally Answered: In WW2, if an Allied jewish soldier were captured by German forces, would he be treated as an ordinary POW or receive "special" treatment? It depended on the army. Mostly they were treated the same, but the Nazis did not apply the rules to Soviet prisoners. Jews were shot, along with other nationalities mistaken for Jewish. Jews among Polish prisoners of war were separated out and many perished. I looked it up once and there is at least one website. Can't find it again.

原始问题：二战中，盟军犹太士兵若被德军俘虏，会被当作普通战俘对待还是受到“特殊”待遇？这取决于所属军队。大多数情况下他们会得到与其他战俘相同的待遇，但纳粹并未对苏联战俘适用这些规则——犹太人以及被误认为是犹太人的其他民族战俘会被枪杀。波兰战俘中的犹太人会被单独挑出，许多人因此丧生。我曾经查过相关资料，至少有一个网站有详细介绍，但现在找不到了。

Joe Chretien Former Parole Agent and now Retired Teacher at California (state) (1971–2007)

乔·克雷蒂安 前假释官，现退休教师，曾任职于加利福尼亚州（1971–2007年）

In short, if you are an American or British, it appears that you weren’t treated any differently. Also British ID tags, which had an “H” designation meaning Hebrew could opt to have it show something else. Indications are that American servicemen could do this also. However, this month’s edition of a Jewish American publication named Hamodia has an article with the following paragraph, which is very timely considering me stumbling onto this question. “Lubin’s quest to find Brooklyn native Irving Isaacs began in the summer of ’66 when she was about to turn 14. One day at Rockaway Beach, she spotted something shiny in the sand: a pair of dog tags on a metal chain, along with a small metal mezuzah, which some Jewish servicemen attached to their tags. She knew immediately what the items were because her father still had his own mezuzah-accessorized dog tags from serving in the Army during World War II.”

简而言之，如果你是美国人或英国人，似乎不会受到区别对待。此外，英国军牌上原本用“H”（代表希伯来教徒）标注犹太身份，士兵可以选择改为其他标识，有迹象表明美国军人也可以这样做。不过，美国犹太出版物《哈莫迪亚》本月刊有一篇文章，其中有这样一段话，鉴于我偶然看到这个问题，这段内容显得非常及时：“卢宾寻找布鲁克林本地人欧文·艾萨克斯的旅程始于1966年夏天，当时她即将年满14岁。一天在洛克威海滩，她在沙子里发现了一件闪亮的东西：一条金属链子上挂着一副军牌，还有一个小型金属门柱圣卷——一些犹太军人会把它挂在军牌上。她立刻就认出了这些物品，因为她的父亲仍保留着二战期间在陆军服役时佩戴的、带有门柱圣卷的军牌。”

Tom Au Former Portfolio Manager (Retired)

汤姆·欧 前投资组合经理（已退休）

A Jewish soldier would be treated well or not based on his “nationality,” not his Jewishness. An American Jew would be treated well because he was an American, not because he was a Jew. A Soviet Jew would be treated as poorly as other Soviets, often starved to death, but because he was a Soviet, not a Jew.

犹太士兵的待遇好坏取决于他的“国籍”，而非犹太身份。美国犹太士兵会受到良好待遇，因为他是美国人，而非因为他是犹太人；苏联犹太士兵会和其他苏联士兵一样遭受恶劣对待，常常饿死，但这是因为他是苏联人，而非因为他是犹太人。