中国在2024年是如何探测到进入其边境的F-22，并派遣歼-16拦截来自嘉手纳空军基地的F-22的？

Jeremy A
When F-22s and F-35s operate near Chinese airspace, they typically wear Luneburg lens-type radar reflectors that intentionally make them show up on radar.
当F-22和F-35在中国空域附近行动时，它们通常会佩戴龙伯透镜式雷达反射器，故意让自己在雷达上显现。

This prevents the Chinese from being able to analyze the true radar cross sections of the stealth fighters.
这阻止了中国分析隐形战斗机的真实雷达散射截面积。

That way, if we ever do go to war against them, they won’t already have information on the true RCS that could help them detect our aircraft.
这样，如果我们真的与他们开战，他们就不会掌握有助于探测我方飞机的真实RCS信息。


Gonzalo Amor
The answer of HOW is well answered. And it resumes like this: Because the US let China find them.
关于“如何”的问题已经得到了很好的解答。概括起来是这样的：因为美国让中国发现它们。

Then it’s all about RCS and radars.
然后这一切就归结于RCS和雷达。

Richard Gonzaga
And China boasts they detected the F-22 with their state-of-the-art, futuristic, ultra high technology Anti-stealth Radar system.
而中国则吹嘘他们用其最先进、未来感十足的超高技术反隐形雷达系统探测到了F-22。

J Conner
Anyone who believes ANY of China’s (note correct use of apostrophe) boasting is a fool or a communista supporter…. just sayin’…..
任何相信中国（注意撇号的正确用法）任何吹嘘的人都是傻瓜或者共产主义支持者……就是说说而已…..

Sina Andrea
Good technical answer, or at least it had all the ingredients for that.
很好的技术性回答，或者至少具备了所有要素。

Not sure why people fussed over it.
不确定人们为什么对此大惊小怪。

It was the kind of answer that a retired industrial scientist (me) who’s worked a lot in engineering failure analysis for the defense aerospace industry would find important.
这是一个在国防航空航天工业领域从事大量工程故障分析的退休工业科学家（比如我）会认为重要的那种回答。

Anthony Tedmon
Engineer this: the F-22 and F-35 aircraft regularly approach adversary airspace.
这样理解：F-22和F-35飞机会定期接近对手空域。

At a predetermined time they transmit waveforms to alx the adversary of their presence.
在预定时间，它们会发射波形以提醒对手它们的存在。

Usually an F-22 will transmit a waveform to adversary receivers that will produce an "F-22 return" on the adversary receiver.
通常，一架F-22会向对手接收器发射一个波形，在对手接收器上产生一个“F-22回波信号”。

They can tell the adversary receiver they are pretty much anything, they can transmit a Cessna 172 waveform to the receiver, a 747, flock of birds, whatever.
它们可以告诉对手接收器自己几乎是任何东西，可以向接收器发射塞斯纳172的波形、波音747的波形、鸟群的波形，等等。

Once the signal is transmitted, the F-22, F-35, RC-135, U-2, satellites, ships etc will monitor the reaction of command and control, radar, launch times, effectiveness, etc.
信号一旦发射，F-22、F-35、RC-135、U-2、卫星、舰船等就会监视指挥控制、雷达、反应时间、效能等的反应。

All this will be loaded on appropriate systems and battle plans, exercises and so on developed.
所有这些信息都会被载入相应系统，并用于制定作战计划、演习等等。

If a gap is noted, an unexpected response, they'll check it again.
如果注意到一个漏洞或意外反应，他们会再次检查。

The adversary may or may not have ever 'detected' the mission aircraft, depending on whether the mission intended for them to do so.
对手可能“探测到”了任务飞机，也可能没有，这取决于任务是否意图让他们探测到。

Very Buck Rogers, what?
很有点巴克·罗杰斯（科幻）的味道，是吧？

Scott Sullivan
If China truly did detect the F – 22s, it would be in their best interest to keep that information secret.
如果中国真的探测到了F-22，那么对此信息保密才最符合他们的利益。

They wouldn’t broadcast that information to the world.
他们不会向全世界广播该信息。

This is similar to when Britain intelligence was able to decipher the incredible enigma machine of Germany.
这类似于英国情报机构能够破译德国不可思议的恩尼格玛密码机之时。

From that point on, the Allies did not act on every German message that they were able to read because if they did, the Germans would quickly understand that their coding system had been infiltrated, and they would immediately change the system.
从那时起，盟军并未对他们能读取的每一条德国信息都采取行动，因为如果他们那样做了，德国人很快就会明白他们的编码系统已被渗透，并会立即更改系统。

Abraham Joshua Zaid
You’re right, we don’t know how much China know and even China doesn’t know how much they know about the F22 and pilot skills limitations.
你说得对，我们不知道中国知道多少，甚至中国自己也不知道他们对F22和飞行员技能局限了解多少。

The F22 true capabilities are tighlty kept secrets.
F22的真正能力是严格保守的秘密。

China achievements in radar and detection and their jet J20 capabilities are just as secret.
中国在雷达和探测方面的成就以及其J20战斗机的能力同样是秘密。

The future of air warfare is long range detection and missile speed and range.
空战的未来在于远程探测以及导弹的速度和射程。

Everybody else is just making noise , like speculation about 2 boxing fighters that never fought before…
其他所有人只是在制造噪音，就像猜测两个从未交手过的拳击手……

the British kept an edge over Germany in naval warfare to devastating effects by keeping their enigma deciphering secret until the end of the war.
英国通过将其破译恩尼格玛的秘密保持到战争结束，在海战中保持了相对于德国的优势，并取得了毁灭性效果。

Steven Ostroff
Great answer, despite the nay sayers below.
尽管下面有反对者，但这回答很棒。

I'd like to add a question relating to how long and at what distance was the the J 16 detectable to the F 22 and the network it is part of.
我想补充一个问题：对于F22及其所属的网络而言，J16在多长距离上、可被探测到多长时间。

On a combat mission, the J 16 would likely end up submerged.
在执行战斗任务时，J16最终很可能会被击落。

Prasanna Bhalerao
I am neither pro-China nor anti-America.
我既不亲华也不反美。

But the Q is asking something different and your answer is not congruent.
但问题问的是别的东西，而你的回答并不一致。

BTW, why would China or USA attack each other?
顺便问一下，中国或美国为什么要互相攻击？

There aren’t border disputes.
它们之间没有边界争端。

If China attacks Taiwan (which I seriously doubt), America will have to think twice.
如果中国攻击台湾（地区）（我对此深表怀疑），美国将不得不三思。

This isn’t Iran or Iraq you know.
你要知道，这可不是伊朗或伊拉克。

Robert Ottawa
The answer was correct although I have to mean to verify whether it was true or not.
这个回答是正确的，尽管我得想办法核实其真实性。

According to that answer, the Chinese were able to detect th F22 because we ‘allowed’ them to by installing reflectors on those planes.
根据该回答，中国人能够探测到F22是因为我们通过在这些飞机上安装反射器而“允许”他们这样做。

Btw, having this reflectors is a common practice when F22s are on transit through non-controlled airspaces in peacetime, have to land on non-USAF airports, or participate to airshows.
顺便说一下，当F22在和平时期飞越非管制空域、不得不在非美国空军机场降落或参加航展时，佩戴这种反射器是常见做法。

Tigar
I don't think a stealth fighter jets will deliberately definction the stealth features in enemy sky.
我不认为隐形战斗机在敌方空域会故意使其隐形特性失效。

In fact, after the F22 was caught in Chinese sky, US pretended ito deny the advanced technology of China
事实上，在F22在中国空域被捕捉到后，美国假装否认中国拥有先进技术。

Živorad Rajčić
A couple of years ago somebody mentioned a photonic radar, made by China.
几年前有人提到过一种由中国制造的光子雷达。

I see nobody paid attention, and that happens if you are blinded by the propaganda about your “exceptionalism”.
我看到没人注意，而如果你被关于自己“例外论”的宣传蒙蔽了双眼，就会发生这种情况。

Thomas Blersch
Reminds me of Desert Shield in 1990, when reports came out that a French radar while landing (at Khamis Mushait, I think).
这让我想起了1990年的“沙漠盾牌”行动，当时有报道称一部法国雷达（我想是在赫米斯穆谢特）在着陆时。

People were crying “Stealth doesn’t work!” And I kept telling them “No, not when you’re broadcasting your presence while you’re in the landing pattern, it doesn’t.”
人们高喊“隐形技术没用！”而我一直在告诉他们：“不，当你在着陆航线中广播你的存在时，它当然没用。”

I was a college kid at that time, and even then it seemed pretty obvious to me how that was supposed to work.
那时我还是个大学生，即使在那时，我觉得这应该如何运作也是相当明显的。

天 蓝
The Chinese and American militaries have not released specific details of the confrontation, so we can only guess.
中美军方均未公布此次对峙的具体细节，所以我们只能猜测。

Despite its powerful radar, the J-16 lacks the ability to detect the F-22 at long range.
尽管雷达强大，但J-16缺乏在远距离探测F-22的能力。

In a 2022 simulated confrontation within China, a novice pilot flying a J-20 against a formation of J-16s and J-11s still achieved a record of 17 kills.
在2022年中国境内的一次模拟对抗中，一名驾驶J-20的新手飞行员对阵一个由J-16和J-11组成的编队，仍取得了17次击杀的记录。


Therefore, we can conclude:
因此，我们可以得出结论：

In beyond-visual-range air combat, the J-16 is unable to directly counter stealth fighters.
在超视距空战中，J-16无法直接对抗隐形战斗机。

In a public lecture in 2019, Chinese radar experts revealed for the first time that China's P-band radar had successfully detected the F-22 in 2013.
在2019年的一次公开讲座中，中国雷达专家首次透露，中国的P波段雷达曾在2013年成功探测到F-22。


This leads us to our second conclusion:
这使我们得出第二个结论：

China's meter-wave radar can locate the F-22 at a relatively long distance.
中国的米波雷达可以在相对较远的距离上定位F-22。

The J-16's primary advantages are its high range, large payload, and long-range attack capabilities.
J-16的主要优势是其高航程、大载弹量和远程攻击能力。

Close-range maneuverability and combat are not its strengths.
近距机动性和格斗并非其强项。

This suggests that close-range combat was never considered from the J-16's design.
这表明J-16的设计从未考虑过近距格斗。

So why was the J-16 deployed to intercept the F-22? This leads us to a third conclusion:
那么为什么部署J-16来拦截F-22呢？这引出了我们的第三个结论：

The J-16 was conducting a patrol mission when the F-22 proactively entered the J-16's mission area to provoke it.
J-16正在执行巡逻任务时，F-22主动进入了J-16的任务区域进行挑衅。

Chinese air combat experts gave a vague descxtion of this, and Chinese military enthusiasts also produced a schematic diagram.
中国空战专家对此进行了模糊描述，中国军事爱好者也制作了示意图。


When the F-22s and J-16s first met, the J-16s were the first to lock onto the lead F-22.
当F-22和J-16首次遭遇时，J-16率先锁定了长机F-22。

As the J-16 locked onto the lead F-22, the other F-22, the wingman, attempted to counter-lock.
在J-16锁定长机F-22的同时，另一架F-22（僚机）试图反锁定。

Li Chao, however, performed a vertical climb and a barrel roll, flying backwards just 10-15 meters from the canopy, ultimately locking onto both fighters simultaneously.
然而，（飞行员）李超实施了一个垂直爬升和桶滚动作，在距座舱盖仅10-15米处倒飞，最终同时锁定了两架战斗机。

At this time, the J16's fire control radar had locked onto the two F22s at the same time.
此时，J16的火控雷达已经同时锁定了两架F22。

I believe the F22's warning system had already sounded the alarm, so both sides tacitly broke off contact.
我相信F22的警告系统已经报警，因此双方默契地脱离了接触。

So the whole confrontation process is very clear: when the J16 was performing a mission, the two F22s provoked each other.
所以整个对峙过程很清晰：J16在执行任务时，两架F22对其进行挑衅。

Under the guidance of the ground radar, the J16 entered the visual range of the F22 and carried out a limited "Dogfight".
在地面雷达引导下，J16进入了F22的视距内，并进行了一场有限的“狗斗”。

Jason Ellison
Since when did the US deploy 22's to foreign soil?
美国从什么时候开始在国外部署F-22的？

According to a friend of mine pretty high up in the USAF, he says there are no 22's deployed to foreign soil.
据我在美国空军职位相当高的一位朋友说，没有F-22部署在国外。

35's, yes, 22's, thts a big Negative.
F-35有，是的，但F-22，那是大大的没有。

John Seah
F-22s are sometimes deployed during military exercises to Japan and the Philippines.
F-22有时会在军事演习期间部署到日本和菲律宾。

For example, in Jan 2025, the US and Japan held extensive air drills near Okinawa, featuring 32 Japanese aircraft and US F-22 stealth fighters.
例如，2025年1月，美国和日本在冲绳附近举行了大规模空中演习，出动了32架日本飞机和美国的F-22隐形战斗机。

Tom132
I don’t know if this is true or not but if some Chinese person just made all this up to make us think they can detect the F-22 then well that would be absolutely hilarious.
我不知道这是不是真的，但如果某个中国人编造了这一切来让我们以为他们能探测到F-22，那可就太搞笑了。

Whats even the point, what possible effect on national security could this achieve for the Chinese.
这有什么意义呢，这对中国人的国家安全能产生什么可能的效果。

We know China is a strong country already, so why the need to make up nonsense stories (if it IS made up)?
我们知道中国已经是一个强国了，那么为什么还需要编造无稽之谈（如果确实是编造的话）？

Strong countries don’t need to make up propaganda to convince others they are strong.
强国不需要编造宣传来说服别人自己很强。

The US isn’t going to attack China.
美国不会攻击中国。

Even if US military could invade China and comfortably take the whole country without the risk of nuclear war they still just wouldn’t do it.
即使美国军方能够入侵中国并轻松占领整个国家而没有核战争的风险，他们也仍然不会这样做。

Karnak
The J-16 pilot stated he came upon the F-22’s flying beak to beak towards him.
J-16飞行员陈述说他遇到F-22机头对机头地朝他飞来。

Clearly if they had bad intent they would not have taken such a posture.
很明显，如果他们怀有恶意，就不会采取这样的姿态。

Also, if the wingman was covering for the flight lead, he would not be flying practically wing tip with the other plane, that is not how it works.
此外，如果僚机在为长机提供掩护，他不会几乎与另一架飞机翼尖对翼尖地飞行，这不是正确的做法。

So it appears that the F-22s were just flying towards the J-16s in level flight and the heroic flying described by Chinese pilot sounds like story that someone tells about how they got into a fight with a bunch of MMA champions and came out without a mark on them.
所以看起来F-22只是水平飞向J-16，而中国飞行员描述的英雄式飞行听起来像是某人讲述的他们如何与一群MMA冠军打了一架却全身而退的故事。

Frostedflakes
What a bunch of bs. The fake pictures, lies. What a joke.
真是一派胡言。假图片，谎言。真是个笑话。

Pete Bowen
Anyone who has done an intercept with ACM knows that you would NEVER be able to get two of the aircraft in the same picture.
任何做过空战机动拦截的人都知道，你永远不可能把两架飞机拍在同一张照片里。

Too much speed, separation, and maneuvering.
速度太快、间隔太大、机动太多。

The very fact there are three aircraft in the picture (which means at least one other aircraft is there taking pictures) is proof that it was not a real intercept nor did it involve any ACM.
照片中竟然有三架飞机（这意味着至少还有另一架飞机在那里拍照）这一事实就证明这不是一次真正的拦截，也没有涉及任何空战机动。

Rob Miracle
Based on discussions from other retired pilots and well-respected aviation journalists, the likely explanation of this was that the F-22s were actually intercepting the J-16 and had them “locked up” with passive radar.
根据与其他退役飞行员和备受尊敬的航空记者的讨论，对此可能的解释是，F-22实际上是在拦截J-16，并用被动雷达将它们“锁定”了。

That is, they knew the J-16 was there and could obtain a weapons lock whenever they wanted to.
也就是说，他们知道J-16在那里，并且可以在他们想要的时候获得武器锁定。

Once the F-22s got in range, the J-16 found them, as the J-16 pilots suggested he had spotted them with his eyes.
一旦F-22进入范围，J-16就发现了它们，正如J-16飞行员暗示他是用眼睛看到它们的。

Within visual range, certainly, the J-16 could obtain a radar lock on the F-22s.
在视距内，J-16当然可以获得对F-22的雷达锁定。

Had the US and China actually been in a stance where missiles would have come off their rails, the J-16 would have found its way into the water before it ever knew the F-22s were there.
如果美国和中国当时真的处于导弹即将离架的状态，那么J-16在它知道F-22在那里之前就已经掉进海里了。

But we are not at war with China.
但我们并未与中国交战。

The J-16 pilot was likely very excited to get into this encounter and locked them up.
J-16飞行员很可能对这次遭遇感到非常兴奋并锁定了它们。

Obviously, the US pilots had to take this seriously, but given the lack of actual hostilities, there was no reason to become more aggressive.
显然，美国飞行员必须认真对待此事，但鉴于没有实际的敌对行动，没有理由变得更具攻击性。

Let the J-16 have its “win”.
让J-16获得它的“胜利”吧。

Ah Meng
all stealth aircraft on routine flights fly with radar deflectors that disguise their stealthiness and make them detectable.
所有例行飞行的隐形飞机都佩戴雷达反射器，以掩饰其隐形特性，使其可被探测。

Why give up information to others?
为什么要将信息泄露给他人呢？

In other words, your claim that f22s were detected means nothing
换句话说，你关于f22被探测到的说法毫无意义

David McCarley
I don’t think that you get that if the J-16s were radiating, the F-22s picked them up LOOOOONG before the intercept and the F-22s few TOWARD the J-16s.
我认为你没搞明白，如果J-16在辐射信号，F-22在拦截发生前老早老早就捕捉到它们了，并且是F-22主动飞向J-16的。

It is doubtful the J-16s knew they were even around until they decided to reveal themselves.
在F-22决定现身之前，J-16是否知道它们就在附近是值得怀疑的。

They don’t even know when they are doing a “self-own” on these things.
他们甚至不知道自己在这些事情上什么时候是在“自曝其短”。

Wayne Bahr
Not doubtful at all. China has integrated ground radar with satellites to be able to detect our stealth aircraft.
一点也不值得怀疑。中国已经将地面雷达与卫星整合，能够探测到我们的隐形飞机。

Everything ever created that is stealth is only stealth until someone figures out how to detect it…
任何被创造出来的隐形东西都只是隐形的，直到有人想出如何探测它……

John Chen
No one mentioned the pla UAV specifically made for tracking incoming stealth planes, i.e. B-2, F22, F35, etc.
没人提到解放军专门用于追踪来袭隐形飞机（如B-2、F22、F35等）的无人机。

The WZ-9 Flying Door-frx was developed in 2009, has been in service since 2019.
WZ-9“飞行门框”于2009年研发，自2019年起服役。

It can fly at 30,000 m high, 0.9 Mach speed for 40 hours, with 2 powerful look-down radars of 500 km radius each, WZ-9 costs around $2,000,000 US.
它能飞行在3万米高空，以0.9马赫的速度持续40小时，配备2部探测半径各500公里的强大下视雷达，WZ-9成本约200万美元。

From Harbin to Hainan is 4000 km, with WZ-9 flying 2000 km X 1000 km box, it needs only 4 over lapping air patrol boxes, do 24/7 patrol with 5 X WZ-9.
从哈尔滨到海南是4000公里，WZ-9飞行2000公里 X 1000公里的空域框，只需要4个重叠的空中巡逻区，用5架WZ-9进行24/7巡逻。

The stealth jets flying at 18,000 m altitude 1500 km from the Chinese east coast, can be tracked easily.
飞行在海拔18000米、距中国东海岸1500公里处的隐形飞机，可以被轻松追踪。

The B2, F-35 & F-22 have top vertical radar images as big as a B-737.
B2、F-35和F-22的顶部垂直雷达图像像波音737一样大。

The WZ-9 detected invading F-22/F-35 at least 1000 km from the coast then data lixed the tracking to J-16 on patrol, but the radars on J-16 can not detect stealth jets, so it followed the data lix tracking to within visual range.
WZ-9在距海岸至少1000公里处探测到入侵的F-22/F-35，然后将跟踪信息数据链传输给巡逻的J-16，但J-16的雷达无法探测隐形飞机，因此它根据数据链跟踪信息进入视距范围内。

Then suddenly the US stealth jets showed up right next to the J-16s, forced it to do evasive moves to avoid collision.
然后美国的隐形飞机突然出现在J-16旁边，迫使它进行规避动作以避免碰撞。

Since the stealth jets did not turn on their search radar to avoid radar EM wave detection, so it was a visual range surprise for the stealth jets too.
由于隐形飞机没有开启搜索雷达以避免雷达电磁波探测，所以对隐形飞机来说，这也是一次视距内的意外遭遇。

Due to the dangerous visual range meeting caused by both sides flying blind, J-16 with weak radar and F-22/ F-35 did not turn on their radars, neither pla nor USAF admitted this encounter over East China Sea in 2024.
由于双方在“盲飞”状态下导致的危险视距内遭遇——J-16雷达性能较弱且F-22/F-35未开机雷达，解放军和美军均未承认2024年在东海上空的这次相遇。

This was only the first time the pilots leaked the info, there must have been many other such incidents and more in the future.
这仅仅是飞行员首次泄露信息，之前肯定还有过许多此类事件，未来还会有更多。

The most dangerous part of these flying blind incidents is the pilots startled and start shooting at very close range.
这些“盲飞”事件最危险的部分在于飞行员受惊吓并在极近距离开始射击。

This could be a flash point for the start of WW3.
这可能成为第三次世界大战爆发的导火索。