有哪些过去常吃的食物如今被证实对健康有害？
Which previously commonly eaten food is known to be harmful to humans now?
译文简介
从天然食材（木薯、苦杏仁、河豚、肉豆蔻、蜂蜜等）到现代加工食品（含反式脂肪的人造黄油、精制糖、白面粉、加工肉类、碳酸饮料等），有哪些过去常吃的食物如今被证实对健康有害呢？
正文翻译
Boris Ezomo
“Which previously commonly eaten food is known to be harmful to humans now?”
Thanks for asking.
The truth be told, I can not think of one single PREVIOUSLY commonly eaten food that is harmful. The reason is that it would still be eaten in some part of the world or other.
In countries where food regulation is poor, the same food may even kill people.
Let's start with Cassava
“哪些过去常吃的食物如今被认为对人体有害？”谢邀。说实话，我想不出一种过去普遍食用、如今却被认为有害的食物。原因在于，这种食物很可能仍在世界某些地方被食用。在食品安全监管薄弱的国家，同样的食物甚至可能致人死亡。让我们从木薯说起。
This is a Swiss knife of foods. Eaten all over the world. From Tapioca pudding in the west
木薯堪称“食物界的瑞士军刀”，在全球各地都被食用。在西方，它被做成西米露（Tapioca pudding）；
to major food item in Sub Sahara, like garri in west Africa.
而在撒哈拉以南非洲，它是主食之一，比如西非的加里（garri）；
Its flour is even used as an additive to wheat-flour as a cost saver. In fact it is eaten in a hundred different forms across the globe.
Cassava is loaded with cyanide. Processing it by washing, drying or heating, removes the harmful levels of cyanide.
However, when it is processed wrongly as it has happened many times, this happens:
Man, wife, 3 children die after garri meal – The Sun Nigeria
它加工成的粉甚至被用作小麦粉的添加剂以降低成本。事实上，木薯在全球有一百多种食用方式。但木薯含有氰化物。通过清洗、干燥或加热等加工方式，可以去除其中有害剂量的氰化物。然而，如果加工不当——这种情况屡见不鲜——就会酿成悲剧：《男子与妻儿五口因食用加里身亡》——《太阳报》（尼日利亚）
Who does not like some Nutmeg in their eggnog?
有谁不喜欢在蛋奶酒里加点肉豆蔻呢？
It is however very poisonous. While harmless in small amount that is normally used in cooking. While fresh or as nutmeg oil, its content is concentrated and produces psychoactive effects. Poisoning had occurred intentionally or accidentally. Yes you heard right. People use nutmeg to get high.
Swedish magazine's recipe mistake poisons four
但这玩意儿其实毒性很强。虽然烹饪中使用的微量肉豆蔻无害，但新鲜肉豆蔻或肉豆蔻精油中的活性成分浓度很高，会产生精神活性效果。无论是故意还是意外，都曾发生过中毒事件。没错，有人真的靠吃肉豆蔻来“嗨”。《瑞典杂志食谱出错致四人中毒》
Ever imagined that Honey can poison you?
你是否想过蜂蜜也可能有毒？
Fresh honey can. Unpasteurized honey often contains grayanotoxin. That can lead to dizziness, weakness, excessive sweating, nausea, and vomiting that last for 24 hours.
新鲜的，未经过巴氏杀菌的蜂蜜常含有“灰毒素”（grayanotoxin），可导致头晕、虚弱、大量出汗、恶心和呕吐，症状通常持续24小时。
The Puffer fish.
河豚
Is full of a neurotoxin called Tetrodotoxin, which is so lethal that a few micrograms will kill you. Yet in Japan it is a delicacy. Only few parts of the fish are safe to eat. Specially trained chefs (who wear black) are licensed to prepare it.
体内富含一种名为“河豚毒素”的神经毒素，毒性极强，仅几微克就足以致命。然而在日本，它却是一道珍馐。只有鱼体的少数部位可安全食用，且必须由经过特殊训练并持有执照的厨师（通常穿黑衣）来处理。
The most toxic part are the ovaries, which are very large in this species. Japan has several deaths every year. This is the real Russian roulette with your food.
Here is a fun fact: the liver of the puffer fish is a vital component in the potion used by Haiti Voodoo priests to create zombies. Yes they are real. Clairvius Narcisse was a well scientifically documented zombie.
How Zombies Work
毒性最强的部分是卵巢，在该物种中卵巢非常大。日本每年都有数起河豚中毒死亡案例。这真可谓“餐桌上的俄罗斯轮盘赌”。
有趣的是：河豚肝脏是海地伏都教祭司制作“僵尸药水”的关键成分。是的，僵尸真实存在。克莱维厄斯·纳西斯（Clairvius Narcisse）就是一个被科学界详细记录过的“僵尸”案例。《僵尸是如何形成的》（How Zombies Work）
Also been played with by NASA as for possible use in suspended animation for deep space flights. The reason is that the toxin can reduce the vital signs to a level where they become hard to detect. There had been cases in Japan of people waking up in the morgue after poisoning.
NASA也曾研究利用这种毒素实现深空飞行中的“暂停生命”状态，因为该毒素可将生命体征降低到几乎无法检测的程度。日本就曾发生过中毒者在停尸房苏醒的案例。
So what do the Japanese do with all that highly toxic zombie-creating puffer fish ovaries?
Why waste them? They ferment them for a year and then eat them. Called Fugunoko nukazuke.
那么日本人如何处理这些剧毒、能制造僵尸的河豚卵巢呢？
浪费多可惜！他们会将其发酵一年后食用，称为“Fugunoko nukazuke”。
Castor Oil has always been used in candy, chocolate, and other junk food. Who remembers it been used as a laxative?
蓖麻油过去一直用于糖果、巧克力和其他零食中。还记得它曾被当作泻药使用吗？
It comes from the castor bean. A single castor bean can kill a grown man. The bean contains ricin, one of the deadliest substances to man. While the extraction process removes the ricin, you never know.
蓖麻油来自蓖麻籽。一粒蓖麻籽就足以杀死一个成年人，因为它含有“蓖麻毒素”）——人类已知最致命的物质之一。虽然提炼过程中会去除蓖麻毒素，但谁也无法百分百保证安全。
Fun fact. The Castor bean is used by witch doctors in west Africa in finding out who is innocent or guilty of a crime. Actually it works just too well. When a guilty person is given the concoction to drink, he is afraid and slowly sips it, allowing the poison to get into him and he dies from it. The innocent is not afraid of the concoction and tends to swallow it down fast. This results in instant vomiting which expels the poison out; the innocent had been “spared” by the gods.
一则趣闻：在西非，巫医会用蓖麻籽判断一个人是否有罪。方法很“灵验”：有罪者因恐惧而小口啜饮药剂，使毒素进入体内而死亡；无辜者则无所畏惧，一饮而尽，随即剧烈呕吐，将毒素排出体外——于是被“神明”赦免。
Quick mention. Seeds of fruit like apples and cherries are highly toxic. However we do not eat sufficient amounts of seeds to make us sick.
Leaves of plants that we normally eat can also be very poisonous. Like tomatoes and rhubarb.
顺便提一句：苹果、樱桃等水果的果核也含有剧毒，但我们通常不会吃下足够致病的量。
我们日常食用的某些植物的叶子也可能剧毒，比如番茄叶和大黄叶。
Some food that we normally eat may have an evil twin. Almond is a nice nut. But the bitter almond will kill you while pretending to be its sweet brother. Both contain cyanide, but the bitter almond has much more.
有些食物还有“邪恶双胞胎”：杏仁是一种美味坚果，但苦杏仁却能在伪装成甜杏仁的同时置人于死地。两者都含氰化物，但苦杏仁含量高得多。
“Which previously commonly eaten food is known to be harmful to humans now?”
Thanks for asking.
The truth be told, I can not think of one single PREVIOUSLY commonly eaten food that is harmful. The reason is that it would still be eaten in some part of the world or other.
In countries where food regulation is poor, the same food may even kill people.
Let's start with Cassava
“哪些过去常吃的食物如今被认为对人体有害？”谢邀。说实话，我想不出一种过去普遍食用、如今却被认为有害的食物。原因在于，这种食物很可能仍在世界某些地方被食用。在食品安全监管薄弱的国家，同样的食物甚至可能致人死亡。让我们从木薯说起。
This is a Swiss knife of foods. Eaten all over the world. From Tapioca pudding in the west
木薯堪称“食物界的瑞士军刀”，在全球各地都被食用。在西方，它被做成西米露（Tapioca pudding）；
to major food item in Sub Sahara, like garri in west Africa.
而在撒哈拉以南非洲，它是主食之一，比如西非的加里（garri）；
Its flour is even used as an additive to wheat-flour as a cost saver. In fact it is eaten in a hundred different forms across the globe.
Cassava is loaded with cyanide. Processing it by washing, drying or heating, removes the harmful levels of cyanide.
However, when it is processed wrongly as it has happened many times, this happens:
Man, wife, 3 children die after garri meal – The Sun Nigeria
它加工成的粉甚至被用作小麦粉的添加剂以降低成本。事实上，木薯在全球有一百多种食用方式。但木薯含有氰化物。通过清洗、干燥或加热等加工方式，可以去除其中有害剂量的氰化物。然而，如果加工不当——这种情况屡见不鲜——就会酿成悲剧：《男子与妻儿五口因食用加里身亡》——《太阳报》（尼日利亚）
Who does not like some Nutmeg in their eggnog?
有谁不喜欢在蛋奶酒里加点肉豆蔻呢？
It is however very poisonous. While harmless in small amount that is normally used in cooking. While fresh or as nutmeg oil, its content is concentrated and produces psychoactive effects. Poisoning had occurred intentionally or accidentally. Yes you heard right. People use nutmeg to get high.
Swedish magazine's recipe mistake poisons four
但这玩意儿其实毒性很强。虽然烹饪中使用的微量肉豆蔻无害，但新鲜肉豆蔻或肉豆蔻精油中的活性成分浓度很高，会产生精神活性效果。无论是故意还是意外，都曾发生过中毒事件。没错，有人真的靠吃肉豆蔻来“嗨”。《瑞典杂志食谱出错致四人中毒》
Ever imagined that Honey can poison you?
你是否想过蜂蜜也可能有毒？
Fresh honey can. Unpasteurized honey often contains grayanotoxin. That can lead to dizziness, weakness, excessive sweating, nausea, and vomiting that last for 24 hours.
新鲜的，未经过巴氏杀菌的蜂蜜常含有“灰毒素”（grayanotoxin），可导致头晕、虚弱、大量出汗、恶心和呕吐，症状通常持续24小时。
The Puffer fish.
河豚
Is full of a neurotoxin called Tetrodotoxin, which is so lethal that a few micrograms will kill you. Yet in Japan it is a delicacy. Only few parts of the fish are safe to eat. Specially trained chefs (who wear black) are licensed to prepare it.
体内富含一种名为“河豚毒素”的神经毒素，毒性极强，仅几微克就足以致命。然而在日本，它却是一道珍馐。只有鱼体的少数部位可安全食用，且必须由经过特殊训练并持有执照的厨师（通常穿黑衣）来处理。
The most toxic part are the ovaries, which are very large in this species. Japan has several deaths every year. This is the real Russian roulette with your food.
Here is a fun fact: the liver of the puffer fish is a vital component in the potion used by Haiti Voodoo priests to create zombies. Yes they are real. Clairvius Narcisse was a well scientifically documented zombie.
How Zombies Work
毒性最强的部分是卵巢，在该物种中卵巢非常大。日本每年都有数起河豚中毒死亡案例。这真可谓“餐桌上的俄罗斯轮盘赌”。
有趣的是：河豚肝脏是海地伏都教祭司制作“僵尸药水”的关键成分。是的，僵尸真实存在。克莱维厄斯·纳西斯（Clairvius Narcisse）就是一个被科学界详细记录过的“僵尸”案例。《僵尸是如何形成的》（How Zombies Work）
Also been played with by NASA as for possible use in suspended animation for deep space flights. The reason is that the toxin can reduce the vital signs to a level where they become hard to detect. There had been cases in Japan of people waking up in the morgue after poisoning.
NASA也曾研究利用这种毒素实现深空飞行中的“暂停生命”状态，因为该毒素可将生命体征降低到几乎无法检测的程度。日本就曾发生过中毒者在停尸房苏醒的案例。
So what do the Japanese do with all that highly toxic zombie-creating puffer fish ovaries?
Why waste them? They ferment them for a year and then eat them. Called Fugunoko nukazuke.
那么日本人如何处理这些剧毒、能制造僵尸的河豚卵巢呢？
浪费多可惜！他们会将其发酵一年后食用，称为“Fugunoko nukazuke”。
Castor Oil has always been used in candy, chocolate, and other junk food. Who remembers it been used as a laxative?
蓖麻油过去一直用于糖果、巧克力和其他零食中。还记得它曾被当作泻药使用吗？
It comes from the castor bean. A single castor bean can kill a grown man. The bean contains ricin, one of the deadliest substances to man. While the extraction process removes the ricin, you never know.
蓖麻油来自蓖麻籽。一粒蓖麻籽就足以杀死一个成年人，因为它含有“蓖麻毒素”）——人类已知最致命的物质之一。虽然提炼过程中会去除蓖麻毒素，但谁也无法百分百保证安全。
Fun fact. The Castor bean is used by witch doctors in west Africa in finding out who is innocent or guilty of a crime. Actually it works just too well. When a guilty person is given the concoction to drink, he is afraid and slowly sips it, allowing the poison to get into him and he dies from it. The innocent is not afraid of the concoction and tends to swallow it down fast. This results in instant vomiting which expels the poison out; the innocent had been “spared” by the gods.
一则趣闻：在西非，巫医会用蓖麻籽判断一个人是否有罪。方法很“灵验”：有罪者因恐惧而小口啜饮药剂，使毒素进入体内而死亡；无辜者则无所畏惧，一饮而尽，随即剧烈呕吐，将毒素排出体外——于是被“神明”赦免。
Quick mention. Seeds of fruit like apples and cherries are highly toxic. However we do not eat sufficient amounts of seeds to make us sick.
Leaves of plants that we normally eat can also be very poisonous. Like tomatoes and rhubarb.
顺便提一句：苹果、樱桃等水果的果核也含有剧毒，但我们通常不会吃下足够致病的量。
我们日常食用的某些植物的叶子也可能剧毒，比如番茄叶和大黄叶。
Some food that we normally eat may have an evil twin. Almond is a nice nut. But the bitter almond will kill you while pretending to be its sweet brother. Both contain cyanide, but the bitter almond has much more.
有些食物还有“邪恶双胞胎”：杏仁是一种美味坚果，但苦杏仁却能在伪装成甜杏仁的同时置人于死地。两者都含氰化物，但苦杏仁含量高得多。
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“Which previously commonly eaten food is known to be harmful to humans now?”
Margarine with transfats.
When I was a child people sincerely thought butter was harmful so they replaced it with a product made from chemically modified corn.
“哪种过去常吃的食物如今被认为对人体有害？”
含反式脂肪的人造黄油。
我小时候，人们真心相信黄油有害健康，于是改用化学改性的玉米油制成的人造黄油。
Since it’s a cradle food for me I prefer the flavor of margarine to butter. That puts me in a small minority as nearly everyone prefers butter.
I know better than to purchase any margarine with transfats, though. Science doesn’t care about my personal tastes and sure enough chemically altered corn oil is bad for health.
由于这是我从小吃到大的食物，我个人更喜欢人造黄油的味道，尽管这让我成了少数派——几乎所有人都更爱黄油。
不过我知道不能买含反式脂肪的人造黄油。科学可不在乎我的口味偏好，事实证明，经过化学变性后的玉米油确实对健康有害。
I get Smart Balance without transfats. That’s probably a portion size trick to get to claim “zero” transfats that is actually rounded down from half a gram …
我现在买的是“Smart Balance”牌不含反式脂肪的产品。不过这可能只是利用份量技巧，让标签上标为“零反式脂肪”——实际上每份可能含有不到0.5克，四舍五入后约等于零……
Kasey Lofty
Sassafras root. The original flavor for root beer, or sasparilla… also used in tea and fille to thicken gumbo and other soups. Well, it’s carcinogenic and no longer allowed to be used as a food additive.
檫木根（Sassafras root）。这是原始根汁啤酒（root beer）或沙士（sarsaparilla）的风味来源，也曾用于泡茶，以及作为秋葵汤等浓汤的增稠剂。但后来发现它具有致癌性，现已禁止作为食品添加剂使用。
Joseph Panzarella
The one answer that stands out for me is margarine.
When I was growing up there was a popular belief that margarine was the healthy alternative to butter. As a result, my Mother used margarine all the time in her cooking.
对我来说，最典型的例子就是人造黄油。
我小时候，人们普遍认为人造黄油比黄油更健康，所以我母亲做饭总是用人造黄油。
I actually grew to hate the taste of margarine.
I know butter is hardly a health food. But I much prefer the taste of butter and, in moderation, use it in cooking.
I never go near margarine.
结果我反而讨厌上了人造黄油的味道。
我知道黄油也算不上健康食品，但我更喜欢它的味道，现在做饭也会适量使用。
我再也不碰人造黄油了。
Rapheal Azrin
Add one more to the Malay Archepelago - the notorious Buah Keluak or Pangium edule is known to be toxic, yet we eat on a daily basis.
Loaded with loads of Hydrogen Cyanide… and unproper treatment will sure kill you. Plus even in the cooked version, do not eat with lemon
再补充一个马来群岛的例子：著名的Keluak果（Buah Keluak学名Pangium edule，棕色外表类似桃仁）有毒，但我们每天都吃。它含有大量氢氰酸，处理不当必死无疑。即使煮熟后食用，也切记不要搭配柠檬。
David Mac
The scientific consensus on fats is changing especially as the next generation of scientists reuate data of trials and create new trials… spurred on by the ease and power of advanced data analysis techniques and realise some previous conclusions were wrong.
关于脂肪的科学共识正在发生变化，尤其是新一代科学家重新评估旧试验数据并开展新研究后——得益于先进数据分析技术的普及，他们发现过去的一些结论是错误的。
Here's one. And a jolly good read. Basically dairy is good for you.
Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review
It is also turning out that using margerine with polyunsaturated fats carries a risk and many natural saturated fata such as milk and cheese are actually protective.
Natural fats are better for you than artificial ones. Who would have figured!!
举个例子，这是一篇非常值得一读的文章：《饱和脂肪与健康：重新评估及基于食物的建议》（JACC状态综述）。
研究发现，乳制品其实对你有益。同时，使用含多不饱和脂肪的人造黄油其实也有风险，而许多天然饱和脂肪（如牛奶、奶酪）反而具有保护作用。天然脂肪比人造脂肪更健康——谁能想到呢！
Shane Lowrey
Sassafras tea. The government now says there is a carcinogen in it. (They do sell de-cancered tea today.) Same with Kenntuky coffee.
I’m sure there are penty more. Those are two just off the top of my head.
檫木茶（Sassafras tea）。政府现在认定其中含有致癌物。（如今市面上也有“祛致癌因子化”的檫木茶出售。）肯塔基咖啡也是如此。我能立刻想到的就有这两种，肯定还有很多。
AlinskianAntiLeftist
Sort of an answer: benzene. Benzene, being a nonpolar solvent, was once used to decaffeinate coffee. It was eventually found to be carcinogenic, and liquid carbon dioxide was used in its place.
勉强算一个答案：苯。苯作为一种非极性溶剂，曾用于咖啡脱咖啡因处理。后来被发现具有致癌性，现已被液态二氧化碳取代。
Mayankk Ssrivastava
Which previously commonly eaten food is known to be harmful to humans now?
The most harmful food for human's is very well known and consumed in every household in humongous quantities.
Refined Sugar. The substance known to feed cancer cells.
“哪种过去常吃的食物如今被认为对人体有害？”
最广为人知、且每家每户大量食用的有害食物就是——精制糖。
这种物质被证实会“喂养”癌细胞。
Mary Krupka
There are a lot.of things people love to eat thay aren’t especially “good for them” but I can’t think of anything actually dangerous. Despite all the overheated hype, bacon, white flour and sugar won’t kill you if you confine your diet to a sensible amount of such things,eaten only occasionally.
有很多人们爱吃的东西并不特别“健康”，但我想不出任何真正危险的食物。尽管炒作过度，但培根、白面粉和糖只要你偶尔适量食用，是不会要你命的。
Denise Carson
Organ meats, especially liver. As the liver is the filter for all things consumed, it collects all the nasty chemicals, etc. consumed by the animal. Liver was thought to be good. Avoid at all times.
动物内脏，尤其是肝脏。因为肝脏是动物体内过滤所有摄入物质的器官，会积累各种有害化学物质。过去人们以为肝脏很有营养，但现在应绝对避免食用。
Bill Brankin
Bacon would probably be the most popular and still commonly eaten food that is known to be harmful to humans, actually all processed meats but bacon is the one I like to use as the poster child for cancer causing foods. It's quite unbelievable that most peoe just will not accept that bacon is horrendously bad for our health.
培根可能是目前最受欢迎、仍被广泛食用但已被证实有害健康的食物。实际上，所有加工肉类都有问题，但我喜欢用培根作为“致癌食品”的代表。令人难以置信的是，大多数人至今仍不愿承认培根对健康的巨大危害。
Milk and all its derivatives , this one is a bit more contraversial but I believe in the next 3–5 years the science will come out showing milk causes a myriad of problems for humans. If steroids are bad for people in the long run then how the hell can't baby cow steroids from drug-addled, diseased bovine. From the anti-biotic pumped into dairy cows, to the elevated puss content that needs to be monitored closely and the elevated exogenous hormones we consume when drinking milk from pregnant cows. I see loose connections between these health issues and milk yet most people still believe the myth that milk is essential for bone health and growth. I believe that modern human anatomy has not had enough time to adjust (and may never) to consuming the milk of other mammals.
还有牛奶及其所有乳制品，这一点更具争议。但我相信在未来3–5年内，科学会证实牛奶给人类带来诸多健康问题。
想想看：如果类固醇长期使用对人体有害，那我们怎么能安心喝下那些被注射抗生素、激素、患有疾病的怀孕奶牛所产的“婴儿牛激素”？从奶牛体内注入的抗生素，到牛奶中必须严格监控的脓细胞含量，再到我们摄入的外源性激素——这些都与多种健康问题存在潜在关联。然而大多数人仍迷信“牛奶有助于骨骼健康和成长”的神话。我认为现代人类的身体根本没有足够时间（甚至永远无法）适应饮用其他哺乳动物的乳汁。
These foods are still commonly eaten but with the science of diet now being widely spread online instantaneously and freely I believe the countdown is on until we look on these foods as we now do on smoking. Just need to fight that casein protien addiction most people have….
这些食物虽仍被普遍食用，但随着饮食科学知识在网络上迅速、免费传播，我相信终有一天，我们会像看待吸烟一样看待这些食物。当然，前提是先克服大多数人对酪蛋白的成瘾……
Deva Kahanda-liyanage
Comment on Casavaor Maniyok or Tapiyoka! Casawa as it self do not contain Cyanide but damged parts of the root or the bulb can cotain Cyanide as there will be a chemical reaction when exposed to air. When one cut the roots or bulbs for kokking one has to be very obsevant to see whether the scale of the rood is damaged. And while cutting the bulb if one notice that some parts are becoming blue in collor, it is definitely poisonous to eat. And in Sri Lanka they warn people not to mix ginger while making a curry of Casava or eat or drink ginger tea for 6 hours after cousuming casava.
关于木薯的补充：
木薯本身不含氰化物，但受损的根部或块茎在暴露于空气中后会发生化学反应，产生氰化物。
因此，在切开木薯准备烹饪时，必须仔细检查表皮是否破损。如果切开后发现某些部分变蓝，那绝对是剧毒，不可食用。
在斯里兰卡，人们还被警告：做木薯咖喱时不要加姜，食用木薯后6小时内也不要喝姜茶。
I love Casava and I buy some times that in Sweden and make a delicious curry. So far all are survviving!
我很喜欢木薯，有时在瑞典买来做美味咖喱。目前为止，大家都活得好好的！
Rey Mark Sienes
Certain foods can induce a state of horror in nutritionists. Even the mere thought of them coming within a whisker of your lips will create panic, if not a stern "don't you know how bad that is for you?"
某些食物会让营养师感到极度恐慌。光是想到它们靠近你的嘴唇，就足以引发警报，甚至严厉警告：“你难道不知道这有多糟吗？”
While a nutritionist's reaction may seem extreme, the fact is that these are not "real" foods. They have been subjected to excessive modern processing and are full of man-made ingredients, rendering them so unrecognisable from their original form that your body simply doesn't know what to do with them. Regularly eating these foods creates a toxic build-up that wreaks havoc on your health, as an impressive body of scientific studies show.
虽然营养师的反应看似夸张，但事实是：这些根本不是“真正的食物”。它们经过过度工业化加工，充满人造成分，早已面目全非，以至于身体根本无法识别和处理。长期食用会在体内积累毒素，严重损害健康——大量科学研究已证实这一点。
Truth be told, there are foods that, for the sake of health and longevity, we should not be eating at all, or, at the very least, eating only rarely. As our consumption of these foods has increased over the years, so have the incidences of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, three of the most deadly diseases worldwide.
说实话，为了健康和长寿，有些食物我们根本不该吃，或者至少极少食用。随着这些食物消费量逐年上升，肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病——全球三大致命疾病——的发病率也在飙升。
Three white devils
Among the nutrition-savvy, these are said to be the root of all evil when it comes to health. While these foods may seem relatively benign compared to the rest of the list, they are most dangerous when eaten regularly - and for many people, that is the case. They also play a large part in many heavily processed foods, meaning that if you avoid these (and start checking ingredient lists), you will quite naturally find yourself avoiding most dangerous foods. Your health and waistline will thank you.
“三大白色恶魔”
在营养学圈内，这三样被视为万恶之源。它们看似无害，但若经常食用（而很多人正是如此），危害极大。它们还广泛存在于各种深加工食品中，因此只要避开这三样（并养成查看配料表的习惯），你自然就能远离大多数有害食品。你的健康和腰围都会感谢你。
Sugar
This is often listed as public enemy number one. It is a significant cause of obesity and diabetes, according to the American Heart Association. Sugar also puts stress on the pancreas, liver and digestive system. The nervous system is said to be compromised by up to 50 per cent every time you eat sugar.
This is bad news for your health because it makes you more susceptible to colds, flu, depression, hormonal imbalance, stress and weight gain. As recently as 2012, the American doctor Robert Lustig called for laws that restrict sugar as if it were tobacco due to its dangerous effect on our health.
It's important to remember, however, that not all sugar is equal. Natural sugars in fruits and honey are fine when eaten in moderation.
1.糖
常被列为“头号公敌”。美国心脏协会指出，糖是肥胖和糖尿病的重要诱因。它还会给胰腺、肝脏和消化系统带来巨大压力。
据称，每次摄入糖分，神经系统功能会下降多达50%。
这对健康极为不利——你会更容易感冒、流感，出现抑郁、荷尔蒙失衡、压力增大和体重增加。
早在2012年，美国医生罗伯特·勒斯蒂格（Robert Lustig）就呼吁将糖视为烟草一样进行法律管制，因其对健康的危害实在太大。但需注意：并非所有糖都一样。水果和蜂蜜中的天然糖分，适量食用并无问题。
Flour
It may seem relatively harmless but, inside your body, white flour behaves in much the same way as white sugar, since that is what it is quickly turned into during the digestive process. It puts huge stress on the pancreas and disrupts insulin levels so much that the body is sent into fat-storage mode.
Processing removes the most nutritious part of wheat, as well as most of the fibre. It's the processing that's the problem, not the grain, so again, avoid the white stuff.
2.面粉（特指精制白面粉）
看似无害，但在体内，白面粉的代谢方式与白糖几乎相同——迅速转化为糖分。这会给胰腺带来巨大负担，严重扰乱胰岛素水平，使身体进入“脂肪储存模式”。加工过程去除了小麦中最富营养的部分和大部分纤维。问题出在加工，而非谷物本身。因此，请避开“白色的”精制面粉。
Milk
This one is controversial. We are encouraged to drink milk for stronger bones but, according to the nutritionist and author Patrick Holford, we lose the ability to digest lactose, a major component of milk, as we age. Disrupted digestion causes bloating, food intolerances, makes our bodies more acidic and provokes an inflammatory response.
Most disturbing is the way milk is treated with heat, hormones, chemicals, preservatives and antibiotics. Make an easy (albeit more expensive) switch to almond, coconut or rice milk for more nutritious, easy-to-digest alternatives.
3.牛奶
这一点颇具争议。我们被鼓励喝牛奶以强健骨骼，但营养学家兼作家帕特里克·霍尔福德（Patrick Holford）指出，随着年龄增长，人类会逐渐丧失消化乳糖（牛奶主要成分之一）的能力。
消化紊乱会导致腹胀、食物不耐受、身体酸化，并引发炎症反应。
更令人担忧的是，市售牛奶经过高温处理，并添加了激素、化学物质、防腐剂和抗生素。
建议改用杏仁奶、椰奶或米浆——虽然价格更高，但更营养、更易消化。
Fast food
The fastest thing about fast food is the deterioration of your health. It is full of at least two of the three white devils, not to mention highly processed meat, sodium and of course saturated fats. This is a deadly combination and one that will reduce your life expectancy.
Remember the documentary Super Size Me? Eating fast food every day for every meal is an extreme case, but, in less than a month, the researcher's health deteriorated so rapidly that his doctors were seriously concerned for his well-being.
快餐
快餐最“快”的，其实是你健康的恶化速度。它至少包含上述“三大白色恶魔”中的两种，还含有高度加工的肉类、大量钠和饱和脂肪。这种组合极其致命，会显著缩短寿命。还记得纪录片《超码的我》（Super Size Me）吗？实验者每天三餐只吃快餐，不到一个月，健康状况急剧恶化，医生都为他担心不已。
The US Department of Health and Human Services reported that the combination of poor diet and lack of physical activity causes 310,000 to 580,000 deaths every year. The types of foods that lead to these deaths are high in saturated fat, sodium and sugar.
美国卫生与公共服务部报告指出，不良饮食和缺乏运动每年导致31万至58万人死亡。致死食物通常富含饱和脂肪、钠和糖。
Processed meat
Deli meats are exceptionally high in nitrates and sodium, which are incredibly harmful to our health. According to the American Institute for Cancer Research, consumption of these meats is related to an increased risk of colon cancer. Nitrates are converted into nitrites once digested, which can form nitrosamine, a powerful cancer-causing chemical.
加工肉类
熟食肉类硝酸盐和钠含量极高，对健康极为有害。美国癌症研究所指出，食用加工肉类会显著增加结肠癌风险。
硝酸盐在体内会转化为亚硝酸盐，进而形成强致癌物——亚硝胺。
Doughnuts
Doughnuts contain some of the unhealthiest ingredients around: white sugar, white flour and trans-fat. This is a lethal combination, not just for your waistline, but also for your heart health. Consumption of trans-fat and sugar has been lixed with a significantly higher risk of heart disease and diabetes.
甜甜圈
含有最不健康的成分组合：白砂糖、白面粉和反式脂肪。这不仅是腰围的噩梦，更是心脏健康的杀手。
反式脂肪和糖的摄入与心脏病、糖尿病风险显著上升密切相关。
Potato crisps
When foods are fried at high temperatures they can form acrylamide, which is a known carcinogen. Dale Hattis, a research professor at Clark University in Massachusetts, estimates that "acrylamide causes several thousand cancers per year in America". Not only are crisps high in fat, but they also are often coated with salt, making them extremely high in sodium. This raises blood pressure and cholesterol and, ultimately, increases your risk of heart attack and stroke.A study published in Cancer Science in 2005 lixed a high-salt diet with increased gastric cancer.
薯片
高温油炸食品会产生丙烯酰胺——一种已知致癌物。马萨诸塞州克拉克大学的研究教授戴尔·哈蒂斯（Dale Hattis）估计，“丙烯酰胺每年在美国导致数千例癌症”。薯片不仅脂肪含量高，还裹满盐，钠含量极高。这会升高血压和胆固醇，最终增加心脏病发作和中风风险。2005年发表于《癌症科学》的一项研究指出，高盐饮食与胃癌风险上升有关。
Sodas (and diet sodas)
A big nutrition no-no, these drinks contain absolutely no nutrients that feed your body. Worse, they fill your system with chemicals and sugar that deplete your body of nutrients. A study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention stated that drinking just two sodas per week can nearly double a person's risk of pancreatic cancer.
Dr Joseph Mercola, an American doctor and a New York Timesbestselling author, says there are "10 teaspoons of sugar" in just one can of soda and "30 to 55 mg of caffeine, artificial food colours and sulphites".
Soda also creates acid in the body, which ultimately weakens bones and depletes vital mineral stores. Studies have shown strong associations between diet soda and obesity as well as diabetes. It has been suggested that diet sodas trick the brain into thinking the body is getting sugar, affecting metabolism and prompting cravings for more sugar.
碳酸饮料（包括无糖汽水）
这是营养学上的绝对禁忌。它们不含任何滋养身体的营养素，反而充斥化学物质和糖分，消耗体内营养储备。
《癌症流行病学、生物标志物与预防》期刊发表的一项研究指出，每周仅喝两罐汽水，患胰腺癌的风险几乎翻倍。
美国医生、《纽约时报》畅销书作者约瑟夫·默科拉（Joseph Mercola）博士指出，一罐汽水含有“10茶匙糖”、“30–55毫克咖啡因、人工色素和亚硫酸盐”。汽水还会在体内产生酸性环境，削弱骨骼，耗尽重要矿物质储备。研究还表明，无糖汽水与肥胖、糖尿病密切相关。有观点认为，无糖汽水会欺骗大脑以为摄入了糖分，从而干扰新陈代谢，引发更强的糖饥渴。
Margarine
Margarine is processed fat, often containing very unhealthy trans-fats, which your body cannot process. This raises your cholesterol and damages the walls of blood vessels. Whenever we eat foods that are not natural, they become a toxic burden on our system, putting immense stress on the liver. According to the Natural Health Hub, you are much better off avoiding the fake butter margarines and enjoying a little of the real thing.
人造黄油
人造黄油是加工脂肪，常含极不健康的反式脂肪，人体无法正常代谢。这会升高胆固醇，损伤血管壁。
每当我们吃非天然食物，身体就会承受毒性负担，给肝脏带来巨大压力。
据“自然健康中心”（Natural Health Hub）建议，与其吃这种假黄油，不如适量享用真正的黄油。
Canned soups
Canned foods are a stockpile of salt. Often considered a "healthy" food choice, some cans of soup can contain as much as 890 milligrams of sodium, which is nearly your full day's quota.In excess, sodium causes the body to retain water, which puts tremendous stress on the body, especially your heart, causing high blood pressure and increased risk of heart attack.According to the American Heart Association, 97 per cent of American children consume too much sodium that can lead to organ damage.
罐头汤
罐头食品是钠的“仓库”。一些罐头汤看似健康，却可能含有高达890毫克的钠——几乎等于全天推荐摄入量。
过量钠会导致身体储水，给心脏带来巨大压力，引发高血压，增加心脏病发作风险。
美国心脏协会指出，97%的美国儿童钠摄入超标，可能导致器官损伤。
That is not including the Bisphenol A (BPA) in most cans' plastic linings. An industrial chemical, BPA can leach from the linings into the food inside. Studies have shown BPA to act as an endocrine disrupter that can mimic oestrogen and cause a variety of health problems. In 2010, Canada became the first country to declare BPA a toxic substance.
此外，大多数罐头内壁的塑料涂层含有双酚A（BPA）。这种工业化学物质会渗入食物。研究表明，BPA是一种内分泌干扰物，能模拟雌激素，引发多种健康问题。2010年，加拿大成为首个将BPA列为有毒物质的国家。
Shabba De Leon
Just about all foods are thought to be harmful to some extent…and that’s taking away the GMO arguments. Even garlic, probably the number one super food, can screw you over with overconsumption.
Just eat whatever you like, but moderation is key.
几乎所有食物在某种程度上都被认为有害——这还不包括关于转基因的争论。就连被誉为“超级食物”第一名的大蒜，过量食用也会伤身。所以，想吃什么就吃吧，但关键在于适度。