尽管乌克兰地形以平原为主，但为何在其领土上进行的机动战未能奏效？
Why has maneuver warfare in Ukraine failed despite the country being mostly flat?
译文简介
Quora上回答问题：为什么俄罗斯在乌克兰这个以平原为主要地形的战场，开展机动战未能奏效？回答者统统都是反俄立场，读者们斟酌阅览。内容只是观点，并非事实。
正文翻译
Why has maneuver warfare in Ukraine failed despite the country being mostly flat?
尽管乌克兰地形以平原为主，但为何在其领土上进行的机动战未能奏效？
Susanna Viljanen Knows Finnish
博闻芬兰语
The Russians cocked up everything up-cockable.
The whole conundrum begins to unravel from the fact that Russia today is the Spookocratic variant of Authoritarian Patrimonialism. The current dictator Vladimir Putin is the product of the Secret Police, and his support stems from the Secret Police. That is called ‘spookocracy’.
俄罗斯人把所有能搞砸的事情都搞砸了。
这一谜题的核心答案在于，如今的俄罗斯是威权世袭制的“特务统治”变体。现任独裁者弗拉基米尔·普京出身秘密警察系统，其支持也来自秘密警察，这就是所谓的“特务统治”。
Now in any dictatorship, only military dictators can ever experience their being safe with the military. The reason is that their power stems from the military - it is their ‘own’ machinery of violence. All civilian dictators are always very uneasy with the military, and they attempt to downplay it and keep it in a state of chaos lest it becomes their rival and threat. This is why the Nazis established their very own rival military, Waffen-SS, to compete with the Wehrmacht.
在任何独裁政权中，只有军事独裁者才能真正安心掌控军队。原因在于他们的权力源自军队，那是他们“自己的”暴力机器。所有文职独裁者都对军队心存忌惮，他们会刻意削弱军队影响力，使其处于混乱状态，以防其成为自身的竞争对手和威胁。纳粹之所以建立党卫队武装这一平行军事力量与国防军抗衡，正是出于这一原因。
Now the traditional Russian way to treat the military is to keep it corrupt. Militaries in the Free World tend to be meritocracies - democracies have nothing to fear about the militaries, and a strong military can be the best guarantee for democracy - but in Russia, a meritocratic military is a threat to the powerholders. This is why rise to flag ranks has always been based on loyalty and personal relations and obedience rather than merit, and the military has been seen as a place where you can get rich if you play your cards right with the powerholders.
俄罗斯对待军队的传统方式是任其腐败。自由世界的军队往往奉行精英制度——民主国家无需惧怕军队，强大的军队反而能成为民主的最佳保障——但在俄罗斯，精英化的军队会对掌权者构成威胁。因此，俄军高层军官的晋升始终基于忠诚度、私人关系和顺从度而非能力，军队也被视为只要讨好掌权者就能发家致富的地方。
Now in a Patrimonialist state, everything within the state is considered as the private property of the ruler. This means that any offices, any military ranks, any places high in the pecking order, are personal favours of the ruler - and basically a licence to abuse the said offices. This includes embezzling and stealing from the till. Everything is allowed except getting caught.
在世袭制国家中，国内所有事物都被视为统治者的私人财产。这意味着任何职位、军衔和社会地位，都是统治者的私人恩赐，本质上是滥用这些职权的许可证，包括贪污公款和中饱私囊。只要不被发现，一切行为都被默许。
So everyone stole what was stealable - and sold the stuff on black market. Gazillions of rubles were poured in the military - and they filled the high-rankers’ pockets. The conscxts had nothing to steal and nothing to sell, so they resolved their anger and frustration in outright sabotage. Squaddies have their very own ways of protest. But everyone knew what was the name of the game.
因此，所有人都在窃取一切可窃取之物，并在黑市上出售。巨额卢布被投入军队，最终却流入了高层军官的腰包。应征士兵无物可偷、无货可卖，便通过公然破坏来宣泄愤怒和不满，普通士兵有自己独特的抗议方式，而这一切都是公开的秘密。
The Russian military was - and has always been - a grand bluff. Remember we are dealing with the country where the Potyomkin Villages originate. Russians have their very own word on such bluff, pokazuha. In Russia, how things appear to be, is always more important than how things actually are. So the bluff was that the Russian military was the second mightiest in the whole world. Putin attempted to bully Ukraine into submission.
Turned out it was the second mightiest in Ukraine.
俄罗斯军队过去是、现在依然是一个巨大的骗局。要知道，“波将金村”（表面光鲜实则虚假）的典故就源于俄罗斯，俄语中还有专门形容这种骗局的词“ pokazuha ”（装样子）。在俄罗斯，表面现象永远比实际情况更重要。俄罗斯军队号称世界第二军事强国，这正是一场骗局，普京本想借此胁迫乌克兰屈服。
结果证明，它只是乌克兰境内的“第二军事强国”。
When Zelensky called Putin’s bluff, he demonstrated the world what was wrong with it. The Russian military was incompetently led and incompetently managed. The officers were nominated by their loyalty and obedience, not their merit and intelligence as in the Free World, and they were grossly incompetent, inept, and unqualified for their tasks.
当泽连斯基揭穿普京的骗局时，他向世界展示了俄军的致命缺陷。俄军指挥失当、管理混乱，军官的任命依据是忠诚度和顺从度，而非自由世界所奉行的能力和才智，这些军官完全不称职、能力低下，无法胜任自身职责。
Note that bullying is a perfectly good practice in Realpolitik - threatening someone with violence into submission is perfectly good politics-making. It is based on bluff - and most leaders are too timid to call the bluff. Zelensky wasn’t. Turned out the Russian military was a good bullying weapon, but a bad war-waging weapon.
需要指出的是，胁迫在现实政治中是一种常见手段——以暴力威胁迫使他人屈服，在政治层面是可行的。这种手段基于骗局，而大多数领导人因胆怯不敢揭穿，但泽连斯基没有。事实证明，俄罗斯军队是一款好用的“胁迫工具”，却绝非合格的“作战武器”。
The Russian military was still based on the Soviet era doctrines and tactics, which were a variant of the Zerg Rush. It assumed the rank and file were unskilled semi-literate peasants incapable to be used on anything more demanding than human wave attacks.
俄罗斯军队仍沿用苏联时期的军事学说和战术，本质上是“虫族 rush ”（人海战术）的变体。这种战术默认士兵是未经训练、半文盲的农民，除了发动人海攻击外，无法执行更复杂的任务。
Meanwhile the world had moved on. The Soviet era doctrines and tactics belonged in the post-WW2 era, and were terribly inefficient in the modern world. The Ukrainian anti-air defences made manned aircraft hopelessly suicidal in the Ukrainian airspace, and the drones now dominated it.
与此同时，世界早已发生巨变。苏联时期的学说和战术属于二战后时代，在现代战争中效率极低。乌克兰的防空系统让有人驾驶飞机在其领空飞行形同自杀，如今无人机已主导了乌克兰战场的制空权。
Manouevre warfare is possible only if the enemy is incapable to counter it. Turned out the Ukrainian anti-tank missiles and drones basically wiped out the Russian tanks. Russia has lost now over 11,000 tanks. That is the equipment of 50 armoured divisions. Hunny said “wait and we will see T-34s rolling in” - all T-72s have been used up, and T-55s have been dug up from the junkyards and sent to combat. T-54/T-55 is an 80 year old design, so the great-grandfathers of the conscxts may well have already driven them.
机动战的实现前提是敌人无法进行有效反击，但乌克兰的反坦克导弹和无人机几乎摧毁了俄罗斯的坦克部队。俄罗斯目前已损失超过1.1万辆坦克，相当于50个装甲师的装备规模。有人曾调侃“等着看T-34坦克重出江湖吧”——如今所有T-72坦克已耗尽，俄军不得不从废车场挖出T-55坦克投入战斗。T-54/T-55坦克的设计已有80年历史，应征士兵的曾祖父辈或许都曾驾驶过这款坦克。
The result has been reverting back into WW1 tactics. I mean, the trench hell. The Russians have already employed armoured trains. Seeing a Maxim machine gun with a red dot sight sounds like Schizo Tech, but it happens. Machine gun is now the queen of the battlefield while field artillery is the king. Drones are ubiquitous, and they act both as the eyes of the battlefield and flying artillery.
其结果是战争退回到一战时期的战术，也就是残酷的战壕战。俄罗斯甚至已经启用了装甲列车，看到加装红点瞄准镜的马克沁重机枪虽看似荒诞，却真实发生在战场上。如今机枪是战场“女王”，野战炮是战场“国王”，无人机则无处不在，既充当战场的“眼睛”，又扮演着飞行火炮的角色。
The drones mean the most important factor on manouevre warfare - surprise - is gone. The battlefield is ubiquitously visible. You no longer can hide your hooking and enveloping manouevres. The very essence of the Russian warfare, maskirovka, is gone.
Ukraine called the Russian bluff and the results have been terrible.
无人机的普及让机动战最关键的要素——突然性——不复存在。战场变得透明可见，军队无法再隐藏迂回包抄的战术动作，俄罗斯作战部队的核心“伪装术”也随之失效。
乌克兰揭穿了俄罗斯的骗局，而俄罗斯为此付出了惨痛代价。
Rodra Hascaryo 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校航空航天工程专业毕业
On the Russian side: It’s because they’re incompetent. Simple as that.
They went into an area that used to be part of their empire (with the implication that they should be extremely familiar with the country) and, despite having paper superiority on every count, they failed to advance after just a few months.
从俄罗斯方面来看：原因就是他们能力不足，就这么简单。
他们入侵的地区曾是其帝国的一部分（按常理来说，他们本应极其熟悉这个国家），但尽管在所有方面都拥有纸面优势，俄军在短短几个月后就陷入停滞，无法继续推进。
Drones? Not at all. Drones weren’t really big during the first few months of the invasion when Ukraine managed to stonewall Russia’s invasion. In fact, drones got big BECAUSE the frontlines got static; it was the perfect opportunity to deploy these relatively short-ranged weapons. During World War 2-style maneuver warfare, drone command posts could be overrun by enemy tank advance.
无人机？根本不是原因。在入侵初期的几个月里，无人机尚未发挥重要作用，而乌克兰当时就已成功阻挡了俄罗斯的进攻。事实上，无人机之所以崛起，正是因为战线陷入僵持——这为部署这些短程武器提供了绝佳机会。如果是在二战式的机动战中，无人机指挥所很可能会被敌方坦克部队攻陷。
I bet if this was the US Army being tasked to do the exact same thing, the enemy would have been wiped out before they could deploy those FPV drones. And long before the casualty numbers reached the hundreds of thousands too.
As for Ukraine? They’ve been tasked with the impossible: Advancing against a much stronger force. Incompetent as the Russians may be during the attack, they aren’t exactly pushovers when it comes to defense (a much easier task than attack).
我敢肯定，如果换作美国军队执行同样的任务，敌方在部署那些第一人称视角（FPV）无人机之前就会被消灭，伤亡人数也远不会达到数十万之多。
至于乌克兰？他们面临的是一项不可能完成的任务：向一支实力更强的军队发起进攻。尽管俄罗斯在进攻时表现无能，但在防守方面（一项比进攻容易得多的任务），他们绝非不堪一击。
And no, these weren’t the result of drones either. They were destroyed by anti-tank missiles.
而且，这些（俄军装备的损失）也不是无人机造成的，而是被反坦克导弹摧毁的。
Nor Reza I was born in 1998
1998年出生
Ukraine doesn't have the additional resources to spare for such costly maneuvers and trying to pull this against a defending enemy. Especially against a great power like Russia who excels in this sort of thing is “asking too much” of a country like Ukraine.
However Russia, can in theory.
乌克兰没有多余的资源来开展这种高成本的机动战，尤其是面对防守方时。要让乌克兰这样的国家对抗俄罗斯这样擅长此类作战的大国，实在是“要求过高”。
但理论上，俄罗斯本可以做到。
But in reality. Is still literally THAT incompetent in this area so they can't do this sort of thing for the foreseeable future.
Everyone expected something like this would happen when Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2022.
The war in Ukraine, didn't go exactly how everyone thought it would when Russia first attacked in 2022.
但在现实中，俄罗斯在这一领域的无能程度超乎想象，因此在可预见的未来，他们无法开展此类作战行动。
2022年俄罗斯首次入侵乌克兰时，所有人都预料到会出现这样的结果。
但这场战争的走向，与2022年俄罗斯发起进攻时所有人的预期并不完全一致。
Paweł Yatsuk
On whose side? Ukraine couldn't use maneuver warfare due to the lack of closed skies and the lack of air support due to delayed Western arms deliveries. Russia, however, doesn't use maneuver warfare because it can't. Their subordination and the servile status of the "people" in the army prevent them from taking initiative and responsibility. Essentially, they are an army of serfs, driven to the slaughter along the same routes by their commanders so they can report to higher command and receive a reward for themselves.
哪一方的问题？乌克兰无法开展机动战，是因为没有制空权，且西方武器交付延迟导致缺乏空中支援。而俄罗斯则是因为没有能力才不使用机动战。俄军内部的从属关系以及士兵的依附地位，让他们无法主动行事、承担责任。本质上，这是一支农奴军队，指挥官为了向上级邀功请赏，驱使士兵沿着相同路线奔赴屠宰场般的战场。
Neoprene 1980–2018年无固定退休单位（前从业者）
Because the air forces could not support ground attacks as in the past. On the Ukrainian side they simply had lost too many planes due to Russian attacks and on the Russian side the use was prehibited by the strong Ukrainian air defense systems. And then the rise of the drones prevented both sides to amass big attack formations anyway as they can be seen from many kilometers away and then get fired at.
因为空军无法像过去那样支援地面进攻。乌克兰方面，由于俄罗斯的袭击损失了太多飞机；俄罗斯方面，则因乌克兰强大的防空系统而无法动用空军。此外，无人机的兴起让双方都无法集结大规模进攻部队——这些部队在数公里外就能被发现，进而遭到攻击。
Mia Li
Russia does not want to commit the forces necessary to engage in maneuver or decisive battles. It is better for them to use attrition, because they are winning that way. Stop whining about how long it’s taking. America took almost twenty years to lose in Afghanistan.
俄罗斯并不愿意投入开展机动战或决战所需的兵力。对他们来说，消耗战更为有利，因为他们正通过这种方式取胜。别再抱怨战争持续太久了，美国在阿富汗花了近二十年最终还是失败了。
尽管乌克兰地形以平原为主，但为何在其领土上进行的机动战未能奏效？
Susanna Viljanen Knows Finnish
博闻芬兰语
The Russians cocked up everything up-cockable.
The whole conundrum begins to unravel from the fact that Russia today is the Spookocratic variant of Authoritarian Patrimonialism. The current dictator Vladimir Putin is the product of the Secret Police, and his support stems from the Secret Police. That is called ‘spookocracy’.
俄罗斯人把所有能搞砸的事情都搞砸了。
这一谜题的核心答案在于，如今的俄罗斯是威权世袭制的“特务统治”变体。现任独裁者弗拉基米尔·普京出身秘密警察系统，其支持也来自秘密警察，这就是所谓的“特务统治”。
Now in any dictatorship, only military dictators can ever experience their being safe with the military. The reason is that their power stems from the military - it is their ‘own’ machinery of violence. All civilian dictators are always very uneasy with the military, and they attempt to downplay it and keep it in a state of chaos lest it becomes their rival and threat. This is why the Nazis established their very own rival military, Waffen-SS, to compete with the Wehrmacht.
在任何独裁政权中，只有军事独裁者才能真正安心掌控军队。原因在于他们的权力源自军队，那是他们“自己的”暴力机器。所有文职独裁者都对军队心存忌惮，他们会刻意削弱军队影响力，使其处于混乱状态，以防其成为自身的竞争对手和威胁。纳粹之所以建立党卫队武装这一平行军事力量与国防军抗衡，正是出于这一原因。
Now the traditional Russian way to treat the military is to keep it corrupt. Militaries in the Free World tend to be meritocracies - democracies have nothing to fear about the militaries, and a strong military can be the best guarantee for democracy - but in Russia, a meritocratic military is a threat to the powerholders. This is why rise to flag ranks has always been based on loyalty and personal relations and obedience rather than merit, and the military has been seen as a place where you can get rich if you play your cards right with the powerholders.
俄罗斯对待军队的传统方式是任其腐败。自由世界的军队往往奉行精英制度——民主国家无需惧怕军队，强大的军队反而能成为民主的最佳保障——但在俄罗斯，精英化的军队会对掌权者构成威胁。因此，俄军高层军官的晋升始终基于忠诚度、私人关系和顺从度而非能力，军队也被视为只要讨好掌权者就能发家致富的地方。
Now in a Patrimonialist state, everything within the state is considered as the private property of the ruler. This means that any offices, any military ranks, any places high in the pecking order, are personal favours of the ruler - and basically a licence to abuse the said offices. This includes embezzling and stealing from the till. Everything is allowed except getting caught.
在世袭制国家中，国内所有事物都被视为统治者的私人财产。这意味着任何职位、军衔和社会地位，都是统治者的私人恩赐，本质上是滥用这些职权的许可证，包括贪污公款和中饱私囊。只要不被发现，一切行为都被默许。
So everyone stole what was stealable - and sold the stuff on black market. Gazillions of rubles were poured in the military - and they filled the high-rankers’ pockets. The conscxts had nothing to steal and nothing to sell, so they resolved their anger and frustration in outright sabotage. Squaddies have their very own ways of protest. But everyone knew what was the name of the game.
因此，所有人都在窃取一切可窃取之物，并在黑市上出售。巨额卢布被投入军队，最终却流入了高层军官的腰包。应征士兵无物可偷、无货可卖，便通过公然破坏来宣泄愤怒和不满，普通士兵有自己独特的抗议方式，而这一切都是公开的秘密。
The Russian military was - and has always been - a grand bluff. Remember we are dealing with the country where the Potyomkin Villages originate. Russians have their very own word on such bluff, pokazuha. In Russia, how things appear to be, is always more important than how things actually are. So the bluff was that the Russian military was the second mightiest in the whole world. Putin attempted to bully Ukraine into submission.
Turned out it was the second mightiest in Ukraine.
俄罗斯军队过去是、现在依然是一个巨大的骗局。要知道，“波将金村”（表面光鲜实则虚假）的典故就源于俄罗斯，俄语中还有专门形容这种骗局的词“ pokazuha ”（装样子）。在俄罗斯，表面现象永远比实际情况更重要。俄罗斯军队号称世界第二军事强国，这正是一场骗局，普京本想借此胁迫乌克兰屈服。
结果证明，它只是乌克兰境内的“第二军事强国”。
When Zelensky called Putin’s bluff, he demonstrated the world what was wrong with it. The Russian military was incompetently led and incompetently managed. The officers were nominated by their loyalty and obedience, not their merit and intelligence as in the Free World, and they were grossly incompetent, inept, and unqualified for their tasks.
当泽连斯基揭穿普京的骗局时，他向世界展示了俄军的致命缺陷。俄军指挥失当、管理混乱，军官的任命依据是忠诚度和顺从度，而非自由世界所奉行的能力和才智，这些军官完全不称职、能力低下，无法胜任自身职责。
Note that bullying is a perfectly good practice in Realpolitik - threatening someone with violence into submission is perfectly good politics-making. It is based on bluff - and most leaders are too timid to call the bluff. Zelensky wasn’t. Turned out the Russian military was a good bullying weapon, but a bad war-waging weapon.
需要指出的是，胁迫在现实政治中是一种常见手段——以暴力威胁迫使他人屈服，在政治层面是可行的。这种手段基于骗局，而大多数领导人因胆怯不敢揭穿，但泽连斯基没有。事实证明，俄罗斯军队是一款好用的“胁迫工具”，却绝非合格的“作战武器”。
The Russian military was still based on the Soviet era doctrines and tactics, which were a variant of the Zerg Rush. It assumed the rank and file were unskilled semi-literate peasants incapable to be used on anything more demanding than human wave attacks.
俄罗斯军队仍沿用苏联时期的军事学说和战术，本质上是“虫族 rush ”（人海战术）的变体。这种战术默认士兵是未经训练、半文盲的农民，除了发动人海攻击外，无法执行更复杂的任务。
Meanwhile the world had moved on. The Soviet era doctrines and tactics belonged in the post-WW2 era, and were terribly inefficient in the modern world. The Ukrainian anti-air defences made manned aircraft hopelessly suicidal in the Ukrainian airspace, and the drones now dominated it.
与此同时，世界早已发生巨变。苏联时期的学说和战术属于二战后时代，在现代战争中效率极低。乌克兰的防空系统让有人驾驶飞机在其领空飞行形同自杀，如今无人机已主导了乌克兰战场的制空权。
Manouevre warfare is possible only if the enemy is incapable to counter it. Turned out the Ukrainian anti-tank missiles and drones basically wiped out the Russian tanks. Russia has lost now over 11,000 tanks. That is the equipment of 50 armoured divisions. Hunny said “wait and we will see T-34s rolling in” - all T-72s have been used up, and T-55s have been dug up from the junkyards and sent to combat. T-54/T-55 is an 80 year old design, so the great-grandfathers of the conscxts may well have already driven them.
机动战的实现前提是敌人无法进行有效反击，但乌克兰的反坦克导弹和无人机几乎摧毁了俄罗斯的坦克部队。俄罗斯目前已损失超过1.1万辆坦克，相当于50个装甲师的装备规模。有人曾调侃“等着看T-34坦克重出江湖吧”——如今所有T-72坦克已耗尽，俄军不得不从废车场挖出T-55坦克投入战斗。T-54/T-55坦克的设计已有80年历史，应征士兵的曾祖父辈或许都曾驾驶过这款坦克。
The result has been reverting back into WW1 tactics. I mean, the trench hell. The Russians have already employed armoured trains. Seeing a Maxim machine gun with a red dot sight sounds like Schizo Tech, but it happens. Machine gun is now the queen of the battlefield while field artillery is the king. Drones are ubiquitous, and they act both as the eyes of the battlefield and flying artillery.
其结果是战争退回到一战时期的战术，也就是残酷的战壕战。俄罗斯甚至已经启用了装甲列车，看到加装红点瞄准镜的马克沁重机枪虽看似荒诞，却真实发生在战场上。如今机枪是战场“女王”，野战炮是战场“国王”，无人机则无处不在，既充当战场的“眼睛”，又扮演着飞行火炮的角色。
The drones mean the most important factor on manouevre warfare - surprise - is gone. The battlefield is ubiquitously visible. You no longer can hide your hooking and enveloping manouevres. The very essence of the Russian warfare, maskirovka, is gone.
Ukraine called the Russian bluff and the results have been terrible.
无人机的普及让机动战最关键的要素——突然性——不复存在。战场变得透明可见，军队无法再隐藏迂回包抄的战术动作，俄罗斯作战部队的核心“伪装术”也随之失效。
乌克兰揭穿了俄罗斯的骗局，而俄罗斯为此付出了惨痛代价。
Rodra Hascaryo 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校航空航天工程专业毕业
On the Russian side: It’s because they’re incompetent. Simple as that.
They went into an area that used to be part of their empire (with the implication that they should be extremely familiar with the country) and, despite having paper superiority on every count, they failed to advance after just a few months.
从俄罗斯方面来看：原因就是他们能力不足，就这么简单。
他们入侵的地区曾是其帝国的一部分（按常理来说，他们本应极其熟悉这个国家），但尽管在所有方面都拥有纸面优势，俄军在短短几个月后就陷入停滞，无法继续推进。
Drones? Not at all. Drones weren’t really big during the first few months of the invasion when Ukraine managed to stonewall Russia’s invasion. In fact, drones got big BECAUSE the frontlines got static; it was the perfect opportunity to deploy these relatively short-ranged weapons. During World War 2-style maneuver warfare, drone command posts could be overrun by enemy tank advance.
无人机？根本不是原因。在入侵初期的几个月里，无人机尚未发挥重要作用，而乌克兰当时就已成功阻挡了俄罗斯的进攻。事实上，无人机之所以崛起，正是因为战线陷入僵持——这为部署这些短程武器提供了绝佳机会。如果是在二战式的机动战中，无人机指挥所很可能会被敌方坦克部队攻陷。
I bet if this was the US Army being tasked to do the exact same thing, the enemy would have been wiped out before they could deploy those FPV drones. And long before the casualty numbers reached the hundreds of thousands too.
As for Ukraine? They’ve been tasked with the impossible: Advancing against a much stronger force. Incompetent as the Russians may be during the attack, they aren’t exactly pushovers when it comes to defense (a much easier task than attack).
我敢肯定，如果换作美国军队执行同样的任务，敌方在部署那些第一人称视角（FPV）无人机之前就会被消灭，伤亡人数也远不会达到数十万之多。
至于乌克兰？他们面临的是一项不可能完成的任务：向一支实力更强的军队发起进攻。尽管俄罗斯在进攻时表现无能，但在防守方面（一项比进攻容易得多的任务），他们绝非不堪一击。
And no, these weren’t the result of drones either. They were destroyed by anti-tank missiles.
而且，这些（俄军装备的损失）也不是无人机造成的，而是被反坦克导弹摧毁的。
Nor Reza I was born in 1998
1998年出生
Ukraine doesn't have the additional resources to spare for such costly maneuvers and trying to pull this against a defending enemy. Especially against a great power like Russia who excels in this sort of thing is “asking too much” of a country like Ukraine.
However Russia, can in theory.
乌克兰没有多余的资源来开展这种高成本的机动战，尤其是面对防守方时。要让乌克兰这样的国家对抗俄罗斯这样擅长此类作战的大国，实在是“要求过高”。
但理论上，俄罗斯本可以做到。
But in reality. Is still literally THAT incompetent in this area so they can't do this sort of thing for the foreseeable future.
Everyone expected something like this would happen when Russia first invaded Ukraine in 2022.
The war in Ukraine, didn't go exactly how everyone thought it would when Russia first attacked in 2022.
但在现实中，俄罗斯在这一领域的无能程度超乎想象，因此在可预见的未来，他们无法开展此类作战行动。
2022年俄罗斯首次入侵乌克兰时，所有人都预料到会出现这样的结果。
但这场战争的走向，与2022年俄罗斯发起进攻时所有人的预期并不完全一致。
Paweł Yatsuk
On whose side? Ukraine couldn't use maneuver warfare due to the lack of closed skies and the lack of air support due to delayed Western arms deliveries. Russia, however, doesn't use maneuver warfare because it can't. Their subordination and the servile status of the "people" in the army prevent them from taking initiative and responsibility. Essentially, they are an army of serfs, driven to the slaughter along the same routes by their commanders so they can report to higher command and receive a reward for themselves.
哪一方的问题？乌克兰无法开展机动战，是因为没有制空权，且西方武器交付延迟导致缺乏空中支援。而俄罗斯则是因为没有能力才不使用机动战。俄军内部的从属关系以及士兵的依附地位，让他们无法主动行事、承担责任。本质上，这是一支农奴军队，指挥官为了向上级邀功请赏，驱使士兵沿着相同路线奔赴屠宰场般的战场。
Neoprene 1980–2018年无固定退休单位（前从业者）
Because the air forces could not support ground attacks as in the past. On the Ukrainian side they simply had lost too many planes due to Russian attacks and on the Russian side the use was prehibited by the strong Ukrainian air defense systems. And then the rise of the drones prevented both sides to amass big attack formations anyway as they can be seen from many kilometers away and then get fired at.
因为空军无法像过去那样支援地面进攻。乌克兰方面，由于俄罗斯的袭击损失了太多飞机；俄罗斯方面，则因乌克兰强大的防空系统而无法动用空军。此外，无人机的兴起让双方都无法集结大规模进攻部队——这些部队在数公里外就能被发现，进而遭到攻击。
Mia Li
Russia does not want to commit the forces necessary to engage in maneuver or decisive battles. It is better for them to use attrition, because they are winning that way. Stop whining about how long it’s taking. America took almost twenty years to lose in Afghanistan.
俄罗斯并不愿意投入开展机动战或决战所需的兵力。对他们来说，消耗战更为有利，因为他们正通过这种方式取胜。别再抱怨战争持续太久了，美国在阿富汗花了近二十年最终还是失败了。
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