《巴黎协定》10周年，我们的现状如何？
10 Years After a Breakthrough Climate Pact, Here’s Where We Are
译文简介
《巴黎协定》达成十年来，全球能源转型加速，但排放仍在上升。气候影响日益严峻，而资金短缺、美国退出及地缘博弈使应对行动远不足以避免危机。
正文翻译
Almost exactly 10 years ago, a remarkable thing happened in a conference hall on the outskirts of Paris: After years of bitter negotiations, the leaders of nearly every country agreed to try to slow down global warming in an effort to head off its most devastating effects.
几乎快10年前了，在巴黎郊外的一个会议厅里发生了一件了不起的事情：经过多年的艰苦谈判，几乎所有国家的领导人都同意努力减缓全球变暖，以避免其最具破坏性的影响。
The core idea was that countries would set their own targets to reduce their climate pollution in ways that made sense for them. Rich, industrialized nations were expected to go fastest and to help lower-income countries pay for the changes they needed to cope with climate hazards.
其核心理念是，各国将制定自己的目标，以合理的方式减少气候污染。富裕的工业化国家有望走得最快，并帮助低收入国家支付应对气候灾害所需的变革费用。
So, has anything changed over those 10 years? Actually, yes. Quite a bit, for the better and the worse. For one thing, every country remains committed to the Paris Agreement, except one. That’s the United States.
那么，这十年间有什么变化吗？事实上，是的。变化很大，有好有坏。首先，除了一个国家之外，每个国家都仍然致力于《巴黎协定》。那个国家就是美国。
We wanted to help you cut through the noise and show you 10 big things that have happened in the last 10 years.
我们希望帮助您删繁就简，向您展示过去10年中发生的10件大事。
1. Emissions are still rising, but not as fast as they were.
1、排放量仍在增加，但速度已然减缓。
Call this good-ish news. Slower emissions growth means the arc of temperature increase has curved downward over the past 10 years. If countries stick to current policies, the global average temperature is projected to rise by 2.5 to 2.9 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. That’s a significant improvement from where we were 10 years ago: In 2015, scientific models said we were on track to increase the global average temperature by up to 3.8 degrees Celsius.
这是个好消息。排放增长的放缓意味着气温上升的弧线在过去10年中向下弯曲。如果各国坚持目前的政策，预计到本世纪末，全球平均气温将上升2.5至2.9摄氏度。与10年前相比，这是一个重大进步：2015年，科学模型显示，全球平均气温将上升3.8摄氏度。
But none of the world's biggest emitters — China, the U.S., the European unx, India — have met their Paris promises. And every degree of warming matters. A one-degree increase in average temperature, for instance, raises malaria risk for children in sub-Saharan Africa by 77 percent.
但是，世界上最大的排放国--中国、美国、欧盟、印度--都没有履行其在巴黎的承诺。每升高一度气温都会造成影响。例如，平均气温每升高一度，撒哈拉以南非洲儿童患疟疾的风险就会增加77%。
2. The last 10 years were the hottest on record.
2、过去10年是有记录以来最热的10年。
We started burning coal, oil and gas on a large scale roughly 150 years ago. As a result, global temperatures have been rising ever since, and the last 10 years have been the hottest 10 on record.
大约150年前，我们开始大规模燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气。因此，全球气温从那时起一直在上升，而过去10年是有记录以来最热的10年。
The most scorching was 2024. That year, extreme heat killed election workers in India and pilgrims on the hajj in Saudi Arabia. This year, it forced the temporary closure of the top of the Eiffel Tower at the peak of tourist season and shuttered schools in parts of the United States.
最炎热的是2024年。这一年，酷热夺去了印度选举工作人员和沙特阿拉伯朝圣者的生命。今年，在旅游旺季，埃菲尔铁塔塔顶被迫临时关闭，美国部分地区的学校停课。
3. Solar is spreading faster than we thought it would.
3、太阳能的扩建速度比我们想象的要快。
Solar power has been the largest source of new electricity generation for the last three years. Most of this new solar infrastructure is coming up inside China, and Chinese companies are making so much surplus solar equipment — cells, modules and everything that goes into them — that prices have plummeted.
过去三年来，太阳能一直是最大的新发电来源。这些新的太阳能基础设施大部分都是在中国境内兴建的，中国公司正在制造大量过剩的太阳能设备--电池、组件和所有相关设备--以至于价格急剧下降。
Today, solar panels hang from apartment balconies in Germany and cover vast areas of desert in Saudi Arabia. Solar and onshore wind projects offer the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Little wonder, then, that in India’s electricity sector, more than half of the generation capacity now comes from solar, wind and hydropower.
如今，德国的公寓阳台上悬挂着太阳能电池板，沙特阿拉伯的大片沙漠也覆盖着太阳能电池板。太阳能和陆上风能项目提供了最廉价的新发电来源。因此，印度电力部门一半以上的发电能力来自太阳能、风能和水电，也就不足为奇了。
4. Electric vehicles are now normal.
4、电动汽车已成为常态。
The way the world moves has changed. At the time of the Paris Agreement, Tesla had just unveiled its luxury electric SUV. Fast forward to last year: Worldwide, one in five cars sold was electric.
世界运转的方式已经改变。在签署《巴黎协定》时，特斯拉才刚刚发布了其豪华电动SUV车型。时间快进到去年：在全球售出的汽车中，每五辆就有一辆是电动汽车。
In the United States, 265,000 children ride electric buses to school. In Kenya, electric motorcycle taxis ferry commuters to work. Chinese carmakers are assembling E.V.s abroad, including in Brazil, Indonesia and, soon, in Saudi Arabia, a petrostate.
在美国，有26.5万名儿童乘坐电动巴士上学。在肯尼亚，电动摩托车出租车接送上班族。中国汽车制造商正在国外组装电动汽车，包括在巴西、印度尼西亚，不久还将进入到沙特阿拉伯这个石油国家。
Electrifying transportation is important because it’s one of the biggest sources of emissions globally. Currently, electric vehicles are displacing 2 million barrels of oil demand per day, roughly equal to Germany’s total daily demand, according to BloombergNEF.
交通电气化非常重要，因为它是全球最大的排放源之一。据彭博全球环境基金（BloombergNEF）称，目前，电动汽车每天可替代200万桶石油需求，约等于德国每天的总需求量。
5. Rich countries have put relatively little money on the table.
5、富裕国家投入的资金相对较少。
One of the key tenets of the Paris Agreement was an acknowledgement that countries had different responsibilities. Wealthy industrialized countries were supposed to pony up money to help poorer countries do two things: transition to renewable energy and adapt to the problems brought on by a hotter climate.
《巴黎协定》的主要原则之一是承认各国负有不同的责任。富裕的工业化国家应该拿出钱来帮助贫穷国家做两件事：向可再生能源过渡和适应气候变暖带来的问题。
Last year, countries agreed that a total of $1.3 trillion would be needed every year by 2035 to help developing countries manage climate harms, including $300 billion a year in public monies from rich countries. That’s far more than what rich countries have thus far made available. Where that money will come from is still uncertain.
去年，各国一致同意，到2035年，每年将需要总额达1.3万亿美元的资金来帮助发展中国家控制气候危害，其中包括富裕国家每年提供的3000亿美元公共资金。这比富裕国家迄今为止提供的资金要多得多。这些钱将从何而来，目前还不确定。
Meanwhile, some of the poorest countries are getting clobbered by extreme weather. They’re falling deeper into debt as they try to recover.
与此同时，一些最贫穷的国家正遭受极端天气的侵袭。在努力恢复的过程中，他们正陷入更深的债务泥潭。
6. Coal is in a weird place.
6、煤炭的状况颇为尴尬。
The growth of coal is slowing worldwide. That matters because coal, which powered the modern industrial economy, is the dirtiest fossil fuel.
煤炭使用在全球的增长速度正在放缓。这很重要，因为为现代工业经济提供动力的煤炭是最脏的化石燃料。
Coal is waning in wealthy countries, including the United States, despite President Trump’s efforts to expand its use. Britain, the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, closed its last coal plant in 2024. That year, more than half of Britain’s electricity came from renewables. But coal is still growing in China, which, despite its pledge to clean up its economy, has gone on to build more coal plants than any other country, ever.
尽管美国总统特朗普努力扩大煤炭的使用，但包括美国在内的富裕国家的煤炭使用量正在减少。英国作为工业革命的发源地，于2024年关闭了最后一家煤炭工厂。这一年，英国一半以上的电力来自可再生能源。但中国的煤炭使用仍在增长，尽管中国承诺清洁经济，但其煤炭发电厂的建设数量却超过了其他任何国家。
7. Natural gas, a planet-warming fossil fuel, is ascendant thanks to America.
7、天然气是一种会使地球变暖的化石燃料，它的兴起要归功于美国。
Over the decade since the Paris Agreement was signed, the United States has rapidly become the world’s leading producer and exporter of gas.
自《巴黎协定》签署以来的十年间，美国已迅速成为世界领先的天然气生产国和出口国。
Mr. Trump, in his second term, has supersized that ambition. He appointed Chris Wright, a former fracking executive, as the U.S. energy secretary, and he has used the sale of American gas as a diplomatic and trade cudgel. That matters because, while gas is cleaner than coal as a source of electricity, it stands to lock the world into gas use for decades to come.
特朗普先生在第二个任期内将这一野心放大。他任命前压裂公司高管克里斯-赖特为美国能源部长，并将出售美国天然气作为外交和贸易的砝码。这很重要，因为虽然作为电力来源，天然气比煤炭更清洁，但也将使世界在未来数十年内陷入对天然气的依赖。
8. Forests are losing their climate superpower.
8、森林正在失去其气候超级大国的地位。
Fires are increasingly driving forest loss worldwide. That’s because rising temperatures and more intense droughts are making forests burn more easily and also because people are setting fire to forests to clear land for agriculture.
火灾正越来越多地导致全球森林面积减少。这是因为气温升高和干旱加剧使森林更容易被烧毁，还因为人们为了开垦土地用于农业而放火烧林。
That's limiting the ability of many forests to store planet-warming carbon dioxide. In fact, it’s pushing parts of the Amazon rainforest, often called the lungs of the planet, to a startling tipping point. Parts of the Amazon are releasing more carbon than trees and soil are absorbing. One recent study found the same pattern in the rainforests of Australia.
这限制了诸多森林储存使地球变暖的二氧化碳的能力。事实上，这正在将亚马逊雨林的部分地区推向一个惊人的临界点，而亚马逊雨林通常被称为地球之肺。亚马逊部分地区释放的碳比树木和土壤吸收的还要多。最近的一项研究在澳大利亚的雨林中也发现了同样的模式。
9. Corals are bleaching more often.
9、珊瑚白化现象更加频繁。
Since 2015, two separate global bleaching events have stretched over six years. They’re happening much more often than before, and affecting more reefs, because the oceans are heating up fast.
自2015年以来，两个不同的全球白化事件已持续了六年之久。由于海洋迅速升温，白化现象发生的频率比以前高得多，影响的珊瑚礁也更多。
Corals are important because they support so many other creatures, including fish that millions of people rely on for nutrition and income. About a quarter of all marine species depend on reefs at some point in their life cycle.
珊瑚之所以重要，是因为它们养育了许多其他生物，包括数百万人赖以获取营养和收入的鱼类。大约四分之一的海洋物种在其生命周期的某个阶段依赖珊瑚礁。
Many reefs have been ravaged, but some coral species are turning out to be more resilient to marine heat waves than we had thought. That’s good-ish news, too.
许多珊瑚礁遭到了破坏，但一些珊瑚物种对海洋热浪的抵御能力比我们想象的要强。这也算个好消息。
10. U.S. electricity demand is soaring, in part because of A.I.
10、美国电力需求激增，部分原因是人工智能的发展
Power demand had always been expected to increase worldwide. More than a billion people still need access to electricity, and billions of others around the globe are buying air-conditioners and plugging in electric vehicles. But a big surprise came from the United States.
人们一直预期全球的电力需求将会增加。十多亿人仍然需要用电，全球还有数十亿人在购买空调和电动汽车。但美国的情况却让人大吃一惊。
American electricity demand was pretty flat in the 2010s but is now rising significantly and is projected to climb for at least another decade. One reason: energy-hungry A.I. That raises a critical question for Big Tech: Will its A.I. ambitions heat up the planet faster?
美国的电力需求在2010年代基本持平，但现在却大幅上升，预计至少在未来十年内还会攀升。原因之一是人工智能对能源的渴求：人工智能野心是否会让地球热得更快？
What does all this mean for the world’s 8 billion people?
这一切对世界80亿人口意味着什么？
The physical damage inflicted by global warming costs the global economy around $1.4 trillion a year, according to BloombergNEF.
根据BloombergNEF的数据，全球变暖造成的物质损失每年给全球经济造成约1.4万亿美元的损失。
It means we are being forced to adapt to new conditions on a climate-altered planet. Many already are, especially the most vulnerable among us. In India, a women’s unx has created a tiny new insurance plan to help workers cope when it gets dangerously hot. In China, a landscape architect has persuaded cities to create porous surfaces to let floodwaters seep in. In the United States, school playgrounds are adding shade to protect kids on exceptionally hot days. In California, an app developer created a tool to help his neighbors track the path of wildfires. In Malawi and Uganda, people are experimenting with growing different crops.
这意味着我们被迫适应地球气候发生变化后的新环境。许多人已经在这样做了，尤其是我们当中最脆弱的群体。在印度，一个妇女联合会制定了一个微小的新保险计划，以帮助工人在酷热天气下应对危险。在中国，一位景观设计师说服城市建造多孔地面，让洪水能够渗入地下。在美国，学校操场正在增加遮阳设施，以便在异常炎热的日子里为孩子们提供保护。在加利福尼亚，一位应用程序开发人员创建了一个工具，帮助邻居追踪野火的路径。在马拉维和乌干达，人们正在尝试种植不同的农作物。
A big problem is, there’s very little money to help them, and even that has declined in the last couple of years.
一个很大的问题是，用于帮助他们的资金很少，甚至在过去几年里还在减少。
几乎快10年前了，在巴黎郊外的一个会议厅里发生了一件了不起的事情：经过多年的艰苦谈判，几乎所有国家的领导人都同意努力减缓全球变暖，以避免其最具破坏性的影响。
The core idea was that countries would set their own targets to reduce their climate pollution in ways that made sense for them. Rich, industrialized nations were expected to go fastest and to help lower-income countries pay for the changes they needed to cope with climate hazards.
其核心理念是，各国将制定自己的目标，以合理的方式减少气候污染。富裕的工业化国家有望走得最快，并帮助低收入国家支付应对气候灾害所需的变革费用。
So, has anything changed over those 10 years? Actually, yes. Quite a bit, for the better and the worse. For one thing, every country remains committed to the Paris Agreement, except one. That’s the United States.
那么，这十年间有什么变化吗？事实上，是的。变化很大，有好有坏。首先，除了一个国家之外，每个国家都仍然致力于《巴黎协定》。那个国家就是美国。
We wanted to help you cut through the noise and show you 10 big things that have happened in the last 10 years.
我们希望帮助您删繁就简，向您展示过去10年中发生的10件大事。
1. Emissions are still rising, but not as fast as they were.
1、排放量仍在增加，但速度已然减缓。
Call this good-ish news. Slower emissions growth means the arc of temperature increase has curved downward over the past 10 years. If countries stick to current policies, the global average temperature is projected to rise by 2.5 to 2.9 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. That’s a significant improvement from where we were 10 years ago: In 2015, scientific models said we were on track to increase the global average temperature by up to 3.8 degrees Celsius.
这是个好消息。排放增长的放缓意味着气温上升的弧线在过去10年中向下弯曲。如果各国坚持目前的政策，预计到本世纪末，全球平均气温将上升2.5至2.9摄氏度。与10年前相比，这是一个重大进步：2015年，科学模型显示，全球平均气温将上升3.8摄氏度。
But none of the world's biggest emitters — China, the U.S., the European unx, India — have met their Paris promises. And every degree of warming matters. A one-degree increase in average temperature, for instance, raises malaria risk for children in sub-Saharan Africa by 77 percent.
但是，世界上最大的排放国--中国、美国、欧盟、印度--都没有履行其在巴黎的承诺。每升高一度气温都会造成影响。例如，平均气温每升高一度，撒哈拉以南非洲儿童患疟疾的风险就会增加77%。
2. The last 10 years were the hottest on record.
2、过去10年是有记录以来最热的10年。
We started burning coal, oil and gas on a large scale roughly 150 years ago. As a result, global temperatures have been rising ever since, and the last 10 years have been the hottest 10 on record.
大约150年前，我们开始大规模燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气。因此，全球气温从那时起一直在上升，而过去10年是有记录以来最热的10年。
The most scorching was 2024. That year, extreme heat killed election workers in India and pilgrims on the hajj in Saudi Arabia. This year, it forced the temporary closure of the top of the Eiffel Tower at the peak of tourist season and shuttered schools in parts of the United States.
最炎热的是2024年。这一年，酷热夺去了印度选举工作人员和沙特阿拉伯朝圣者的生命。今年，在旅游旺季，埃菲尔铁塔塔顶被迫临时关闭，美国部分地区的学校停课。
3. Solar is spreading faster than we thought it would.
3、太阳能的扩建速度比我们想象的要快。
Solar power has been the largest source of new electricity generation for the last three years. Most of this new solar infrastructure is coming up inside China, and Chinese companies are making so much surplus solar equipment — cells, modules and everything that goes into them — that prices have plummeted.
过去三年来，太阳能一直是最大的新发电来源。这些新的太阳能基础设施大部分都是在中国境内兴建的，中国公司正在制造大量过剩的太阳能设备--电池、组件和所有相关设备--以至于价格急剧下降。
Today, solar panels hang from apartment balconies in Germany and cover vast areas of desert in Saudi Arabia. Solar and onshore wind projects offer the cheapest source of new electricity generation. Little wonder, then, that in India’s electricity sector, more than half of the generation capacity now comes from solar, wind and hydropower.
如今，德国的公寓阳台上悬挂着太阳能电池板，沙特阿拉伯的大片沙漠也覆盖着太阳能电池板。太阳能和陆上风能项目提供了最廉价的新发电来源。因此，印度电力部门一半以上的发电能力来自太阳能、风能和水电，也就不足为奇了。
4. Electric vehicles are now normal.
4、电动汽车已成为常态。
The way the world moves has changed. At the time of the Paris Agreement, Tesla had just unveiled its luxury electric SUV. Fast forward to last year: Worldwide, one in five cars sold was electric.
世界运转的方式已经改变。在签署《巴黎协定》时，特斯拉才刚刚发布了其豪华电动SUV车型。时间快进到去年：在全球售出的汽车中，每五辆就有一辆是电动汽车。
In the United States, 265,000 children ride electric buses to school. In Kenya, electric motorcycle taxis ferry commuters to work. Chinese carmakers are assembling E.V.s abroad, including in Brazil, Indonesia and, soon, in Saudi Arabia, a petrostate.
在美国，有26.5万名儿童乘坐电动巴士上学。在肯尼亚，电动摩托车出租车接送上班族。中国汽车制造商正在国外组装电动汽车，包括在巴西、印度尼西亚，不久还将进入到沙特阿拉伯这个石油国家。
Electrifying transportation is important because it’s one of the biggest sources of emissions globally. Currently, electric vehicles are displacing 2 million barrels of oil demand per day, roughly equal to Germany’s total daily demand, according to BloombergNEF.
交通电气化非常重要，因为它是全球最大的排放源之一。据彭博全球环境基金（BloombergNEF）称，目前，电动汽车每天可替代200万桶石油需求，约等于德国每天的总需求量。
5. Rich countries have put relatively little money on the table.
5、富裕国家投入的资金相对较少。
One of the key tenets of the Paris Agreement was an acknowledgement that countries had different responsibilities. Wealthy industrialized countries were supposed to pony up money to help poorer countries do two things: transition to renewable energy and adapt to the problems brought on by a hotter climate.
《巴黎协定》的主要原则之一是承认各国负有不同的责任。富裕的工业化国家应该拿出钱来帮助贫穷国家做两件事：向可再生能源过渡和适应气候变暖带来的问题。
Last year, countries agreed that a total of $1.3 trillion would be needed every year by 2035 to help developing countries manage climate harms, including $300 billion a year in public monies from rich countries. That’s far more than what rich countries have thus far made available. Where that money will come from is still uncertain.
去年，各国一致同意，到2035年，每年将需要总额达1.3万亿美元的资金来帮助发展中国家控制气候危害，其中包括富裕国家每年提供的3000亿美元公共资金。这比富裕国家迄今为止提供的资金要多得多。这些钱将从何而来，目前还不确定。
Meanwhile, some of the poorest countries are getting clobbered by extreme weather. They’re falling deeper into debt as they try to recover.
与此同时，一些最贫穷的国家正遭受极端天气的侵袭。在努力恢复的过程中，他们正陷入更深的债务泥潭。
6. Coal is in a weird place.
6、煤炭的状况颇为尴尬。
The growth of coal is slowing worldwide. That matters because coal, which powered the modern industrial economy, is the dirtiest fossil fuel.
煤炭使用在全球的增长速度正在放缓。这很重要，因为为现代工业经济提供动力的煤炭是最脏的化石燃料。
Coal is waning in wealthy countries, including the United States, despite President Trump’s efforts to expand its use. Britain, the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, closed its last coal plant in 2024. That year, more than half of Britain’s electricity came from renewables. But coal is still growing in China, which, despite its pledge to clean up its economy, has gone on to build more coal plants than any other country, ever.
尽管美国总统特朗普努力扩大煤炭的使用，但包括美国在内的富裕国家的煤炭使用量正在减少。英国作为工业革命的发源地，于2024年关闭了最后一家煤炭工厂。这一年，英国一半以上的电力来自可再生能源。但中国的煤炭使用仍在增长，尽管中国承诺清洁经济，但其煤炭发电厂的建设数量却超过了其他任何国家。
7. Natural gas, a planet-warming fossil fuel, is ascendant thanks to America.
7、天然气是一种会使地球变暖的化石燃料，它的兴起要归功于美国。
Over the decade since the Paris Agreement was signed, the United States has rapidly become the world’s leading producer and exporter of gas.
自《巴黎协定》签署以来的十年间，美国已迅速成为世界领先的天然气生产国和出口国。
Mr. Trump, in his second term, has supersized that ambition. He appointed Chris Wright, a former fracking executive, as the U.S. energy secretary, and he has used the sale of American gas as a diplomatic and trade cudgel. That matters because, while gas is cleaner than coal as a source of electricity, it stands to lock the world into gas use for decades to come.
特朗普先生在第二个任期内将这一野心放大。他任命前压裂公司高管克里斯-赖特为美国能源部长，并将出售美国天然气作为外交和贸易的砝码。这很重要，因为虽然作为电力来源，天然气比煤炭更清洁，但也将使世界在未来数十年内陷入对天然气的依赖。
8. Forests are losing their climate superpower.
8、森林正在失去其气候超级大国的地位。
Fires are increasingly driving forest loss worldwide. That’s because rising temperatures and more intense droughts are making forests burn more easily and also because people are setting fire to forests to clear land for agriculture.
火灾正越来越多地导致全球森林面积减少。这是因为气温升高和干旱加剧使森林更容易被烧毁，还因为人们为了开垦土地用于农业而放火烧林。
That's limiting the ability of many forests to store planet-warming carbon dioxide. In fact, it’s pushing parts of the Amazon rainforest, often called the lungs of the planet, to a startling tipping point. Parts of the Amazon are releasing more carbon than trees and soil are absorbing. One recent study found the same pattern in the rainforests of Australia.
这限制了诸多森林储存使地球变暖的二氧化碳的能力。事实上，这正在将亚马逊雨林的部分地区推向一个惊人的临界点，而亚马逊雨林通常被称为地球之肺。亚马逊部分地区释放的碳比树木和土壤吸收的还要多。最近的一项研究在澳大利亚的雨林中也发现了同样的模式。
9. Corals are bleaching more often.
9、珊瑚白化现象更加频繁。
Since 2015, two separate global bleaching events have stretched over six years. They’re happening much more often than before, and affecting more reefs, because the oceans are heating up fast.
自2015年以来，两个不同的全球白化事件已持续了六年之久。由于海洋迅速升温，白化现象发生的频率比以前高得多，影响的珊瑚礁也更多。
Corals are important because they support so many other creatures, including fish that millions of people rely on for nutrition and income. About a quarter of all marine species depend on reefs at some point in their life cycle.
珊瑚之所以重要，是因为它们养育了许多其他生物，包括数百万人赖以获取营养和收入的鱼类。大约四分之一的海洋物种在其生命周期的某个阶段依赖珊瑚礁。
Many reefs have been ravaged, but some coral species are turning out to be more resilient to marine heat waves than we had thought. That’s good-ish news, too.
许多珊瑚礁遭到了破坏，但一些珊瑚物种对海洋热浪的抵御能力比我们想象的要强。这也算个好消息。
10. U.S. electricity demand is soaring, in part because of A.I.
10、美国电力需求激增，部分原因是人工智能的发展
Power demand had always been expected to increase worldwide. More than a billion people still need access to electricity, and billions of others around the globe are buying air-conditioners and plugging in electric vehicles. But a big surprise came from the United States.
人们一直预期全球的电力需求将会增加。十多亿人仍然需要用电，全球还有数十亿人在购买空调和电动汽车。但美国的情况却让人大吃一惊。
American electricity demand was pretty flat in the 2010s but is now rising significantly and is projected to climb for at least another decade. One reason: energy-hungry A.I. That raises a critical question for Big Tech: Will its A.I. ambitions heat up the planet faster?
美国的电力需求在2010年代基本持平，但现在却大幅上升，预计至少在未来十年内还会攀升。原因之一是人工智能对能源的渴求：人工智能野心是否会让地球热得更快？
What does all this mean for the world’s 8 billion people?
这一切对世界80亿人口意味着什么？
The physical damage inflicted by global warming costs the global economy around $1.4 trillion a year, according to BloombergNEF.
根据BloombergNEF的数据，全球变暖造成的物质损失每年给全球经济造成约1.4万亿美元的损失。
It means we are being forced to adapt to new conditions on a climate-altered planet. Many already are, especially the most vulnerable among us. In India, a women’s unx has created a tiny new insurance plan to help workers cope when it gets dangerously hot. In China, a landscape architect has persuaded cities to create porous surfaces to let floodwaters seep in. In the United States, school playgrounds are adding shade to protect kids on exceptionally hot days. In California, an app developer created a tool to help his neighbors track the path of wildfires. In Malawi and Uganda, people are experimenting with growing different crops.
这意味着我们被迫适应地球气候发生变化后的新环境。许多人已经在这样做了，尤其是我们当中最脆弱的群体。在印度，一个妇女联合会制定了一个微小的新保险计划，以帮助工人在酷热天气下应对危险。在中国，一位景观设计师说服城市建造多孔地面，让洪水能够渗入地下。在美国，学校操场正在增加遮阳设施，以便在异常炎热的日子里为孩子们提供保护。在加利福尼亚，一位应用程序开发人员创建了一个工具，帮助邻居追踪野火的路径。在马拉维和乌干达，人们正在尝试种植不同的农作物。
A big problem is, there’s very little money to help them, and even that has declined in the last couple of years.
一个很大的问题是，用于帮助他们的资金很少，甚至在过去几年里还在减少。
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Want's remarkable to me ... we've reached the point where (a) there really is no genuine dispute as to the fact of AGW / climate change, (b) we have seen and are seeing its deadly effects, and (c) the cheapest way to make electricity is by pointing a plate of glass at the sun. Yet there is LESS of a commitment to emission reductions, and LESS discussion about policy choices we need to make, than there was 20 years ago.
在我看来……我们已经到了这样的地步：(a)对全球变暖/气候变化的事实确实没有真正的争议；(b)我们已经看到并正在看到它的致命影响；(c)最便宜的发电方式是用玻璃板对着太阳。然而，与20年前相比，现在对减排的承诺和对我们需要做出的政策选择的讨论都少了很多。
Thanks President Trump.
感谢特朗普总统。
@Marceau
We know exactly what to do.
我们其实知道该怎么做。
- Ban advertising for cars. Encourage billions of individuals to purchase metal boxes is absurd.
-禁止汽车广告。鼓励数十亿人购买那些铁盒子是荒谬的。
- Significantly increase taxes on private jets
-大幅提高私人飞机税
- Ban Yachts from European and American marinas. Pressure Turkey and Israel to ban Yacht from their marinas.
-禁止游艇进入欧洲和美国的游艇停泊区。向土耳其和以色列施压，禁止游艇进入其码头。
- Create tax breaks for citizens who take public transit
-为乘坐公共交通的市民提供税收优惠
- Massively invest in nuclear reactors and nuclear research
-对核反应堆和核研究进行大规模投资
This isn't Communism. Far from it. We could have a thriving capitalist economy where people don't own Yachts and where car advertising is illegal.
这不是共产主义。远非如此。我们可以有一个繁荣的资本主义经济，在这里人们不拥有游艇，汽车广告也是非法的。
We know what we need to do. The hard part is politics.
我们知道我们需要做什么。难的是政治。
@Noah
Texas is adding more solar power than all of California, not because of some federal-imposed rules, but because Texas does not have a maze of environmental rules in place that only serve to enrich environmental lawyers and any "concerned citizens" with enough money to pay one of these environmental lawyers to file a CEQA suit and block development of anything until the defendant can produce a several-hundred page report disproving whatever absurd environmental claim is made.
得克萨斯州增加的太阳能发电量超过了整个加利福尼亚州，这并不是因为联邦制定了某些规定，而是因为得克萨斯州没有制定迷宫般的环境规则，这些规则只会让环境律师和任何“相关公民”发财，他们有足够的钱支付这些环境律师，让他们提起CEQA（《加州环境质量法案》）诉讼，阻止任何项目的开发，直到被告能够提供一份长达数百页的报告，反驳任何荒谬的环境诉求。
Student housing near universities has been blocked because of the environmental concern of "student noise". unxs block development, and only withdraw their CEQA lawsuits when these developers contract with them. California's famed HSR was behind schedule while CEQA reports were produced (something highways are exempt from).
由于“学生噪音”对环境的影响，大学附近的学生公寓也遭到了阻挠。工会阻止开发，只有当这些开发商与工会签订合同时，工会才会撤销CEQA诉讼。加利福尼亚州著名的高铁在CEQA报告编制过程中落后于计划进度（高速公路则不受此限）。
The better question is, how much has California and other blue states set back the global climate because of their stubborn unwillingness to tell their own special interest groups and NIMBYs the word "no"?
更好的问题是，加利福尼亚州和其他蓝州顽固地不愿对自己的特殊利益集团和“NIMBY”们（邻避主义者）说“不”，这让全球气候倒退了多少？
@Erik Frederiksen
We’ve been seeing numerous impacts catching many scientists by surprise with how soon they are occurring. In 2014 two independent teams of scientists reported that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is likely irreversibly retreating. 3.3 meters of sea level rise equivalent of ice there is being destabilized by a warming ocean.
我们已经看到无数的影响了，其发生速度之快令许多科学家大吃一惊。2014年，两个独立的科学家团队报告说，南极西部冰原很可能正在不可逆转地后退。由于海洋变暖，相当于让海平面上升3.3米的冰层正在失去稳定。
The paleoclimate record indicates that increasing global temperature by just 1.5-2 °C above preindustrial temperature commits the system to an eventual 6-9 meters of sea level rise, a large fraction of which could arrive within the next 100 years.
古气候记录表明，全球气温比工业化前温度仅上升1.5-2℃，就会导致整个系统的海平面最终上升6-9米，其中很大一部分可能会在未来100年内出现。
Corals may not survive this century of warming and acidifying oceans, and droughts and floods lixed to global warming—and conflict lixed to those droughts—have already caused four countries to face famine.
在这个海洋变暖和酸化的世纪，珊瑚可能无法存活，而与全球变暖相关的干旱和洪水--以及与这些干旱相关的冲突--已经导致四个国家面临饥荒。
Because of the decades to millennial long lag between a climate forcing and our feeling the full effect, due to the thermal inertia of the ocean and response time of the ice sheets, the effects we are feeling now are largely just the beginning of the result of emissions from the 20th century. And emissions have been increasing steadily for decades.
由于海洋的热惯性和冰原的反应时间，从气候被强行变化到我们能感受到其全部的影响之间有几十年到上千年的滞后期，我们现在感受到的影响在很大程度上只是20世纪排放结果的开始。几十年来，排放量一直在稳步增长。
We are also seeing numerous amplifying feedbacks: loss of albedo (heat reflectivity) from ice melt, permafrost melt, methane release and massive wildfires; the Earth is starting to wrest any possible further human control of the climate away.
我们还看到了许多放大反馈：冰雪融化造成的反照率（热反射率）损失、永久冻土融化、甲烷释放和大规模野火；地球开始抵御人类对气候的进一步控制。
We're about out of time on this, if not already, and leaders are still acting as if this is not a planetary emergency.
我们的时间已经不多了，如果不是已经没有时间了的话，而领导者们还在装模作样，好像这不是一个全球性的紧急状态。
@Federalist
Worse if you look at the mismatch between CO2 emissions reported in the article as decreasing and compare that calculated rate of emissions to actual they do not match. The idea reported here that emissions have decreased is is based on data from a calculated rate. This calculated amount of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning comes from the Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC) and is based on economic data. The actual rate, as opposed to calculated rate of CO2 increase, is seen in the measurement of CO2 in the atmosphere. The actual measured rate as opposed to the theoretical calculated rate, shows increase not decrease. Obviously the real world measurement is reliable while the calculated rate is not.
更糟糕的是，如果将文章中报告的二氧化碳排放量减少与计算出的实际排放量进行比较，两者之间并不匹配。这里所说的排放量减少是基于计算得出的数据。化石燃料燃烧产生的二氧化碳排放量计算值来自人为二氧化碳开放源数据清单（ODIAC），以经济数据为基础。与计算得出的二氧化碳增加率不同，实际增加率体现在对大气中二氧化碳的测量中。实际测量的速率与理论计算的速率相比，显示的是增加而不是减少。显然，实际测量值是可靠的，而计算值是不可靠的。
@Bruce Johnson
There is certainly an emergency situation with human populations. Our wastes are rapidly choking our means of survival, because our population has increased beyond the carrying capacity of the planet. The dieback or extinction will be hard on the species. There are many forms of life. Not all of them are human. The planet actually seems fine, just transitioning away from a place humans thrive.
人类的人口数量肯定出现了紧急情况。我们排放的废物正在迅速扼杀我们的生存手段，因为我们的人口增长已经超出了地球的承载能力。物种的消亡或灭绝将是非常艰难的。生命有多种形式。并不都是人类。实际上，地球看起来很好，只是其环境正在从人类可以繁衍生息过渡到不适宜生存而已。
@Matthew
It’s moot about everything as well as about its eventual destruction in something like 4.5 billion years. It could not care less what is scurrying around on it or in it.
地球对一切都不关心，也不关心自己在大约45亿年后的最终毁灭。它根本不在乎上面或里面有什么东西在乱窜。
We, on the other hand, care a lot. We are carbon and hydrogen organized in a manner that gives it the ability to contemplate our molecules and their fate over time. Our problem - given we seem to still think dragging out our species’ appearance on this watery rock as long as possible (for no definable “reason” other than we think it just ought to be that way) - is that we have trouble perceiving change over decades. If we could condense the experience of the global scale of climate change, environmental degradation/habitat loss and increase of human activity from decades to minutes, like seeing a flower go from bud to bloom to petals withering in 10 seconds versus 10 days, it would startle everyone into action.
而我们却非常关心。我们是由碳和氢组成的，我们有能力思考我们的分子及其在时间中的命运。我们的问题是--鉴于我们似乎仍然认为我们这个物种在这块多水的岩石上出现的时间越长越好（除了我们认为它就应该是这样之外，没有其他明确的“理由”）--我们很难感知几十年的变化。如果我们能将全球范围内的气候变化、环境退化/栖息地丧失以及人类活动增加的经历从几十年浓缩到几分钟，就像看到一朵花从含苞到绽放再到花瓣凋零只用了10秒钟而不是10天，那么每个人都会惊醒并采取行动。
@Matthew
And didn’t Bill Gates just say the weather is gonna be real nice? No one seems to really understand compounding effects and how systems catastrophically collapse.
比尔-盖茨刚才不是说气候会很好吗？似乎没有人真正理解复利效应以及系统如何灾难性地崩溃。
@XPatriot
A planetary fever to break an infection of Homo sapiens.
地球正在发烧，以期清除“智人”这种感染。
@Federalist
This article asserts that emissions have come down. This is false. CO2 levels measured in the atmosphere are rising faster not slower, It is not true emissions have come down. That idea comes form a calculated theoretical emissions rate based on economic data. If you look at the measured rate of increase in the atmosphere, which is hard data and not theoretical, the rate of increase has accelerated not decelerated. I trust hard accurate data on CO@ not the theoretical measure cited in this article.
这篇文章声称排放量已经下降。这是错误的。大气中测量到的二氧化碳水平上升得更快而不是更慢了，排放量下降不是真的。这种观点是基于经济数据计算出的理论排放量。如果你看一下大气中测量到的上升速度（这是真实数据，而不是理论数据），上升速度是加快了，而不是减慢了。我相信关于二氧化碳的精确数据，而不是这篇文章中引用的理论数据。
Since the article starts from a false premise its conclusions are false. We are doing worse not better.
由于文章的出发点是错误的，因此其结论也是错误的。我们的情况是更糟了，而不是更好了。
@Erik Frederiksen
Part of the problem may be one of the things mentioned in the article. The shift in our forests from net carbon sink to net carbon emitter.
问题的部分原因可能是文章中提到的其中一件事。我们的森林从净碳吸收变成了净碳排放。
The 2023 Canadian wildfires released more CO2 than the rest of Canadian sources combined (37 million acres burned). Climate models did not project fires like that until much later this century.
2023年加拿大野火释放的二氧化碳比加拿大其他地区释放的二氧化碳总和还要多（烧毁面积达3700万英亩）。气候模型直到本世纪晚期才预测出这样的火灾。
And recently this paper reported that the permafrost region has shifted from an important carbon sink into a net emitter of greenhouse gases, CO2 and methane.
最近，这篇论文报告说，永久冻土地区已经从一个重要的净吸收者转变为温室气体（二氧化碳和甲烷）的净排放者。
Some natural systems like forests and frozen soils which minimized some of the impacts of our atmospheric experiment with our only planet are changing from being our friends to our enemies.
一些自然系统，如森林和冰冻土壤，最大限度地减少了我们的大气实验对我们唯一星球的一些影响，但它们正在从我们的朋友变成我们的敌人。
@Richard
The US and Europe aren’t the cause of the increase and future growth of CO2. What county is built 94 Gigawatts of *coal* fueled power plants in 2024? China. What country is building more this year? Same answer.
美国和欧洲并不是二氧化碳增加和未来增长的原因。哪个国家在2024年新建了94吉瓦的燃煤电厂？是中国。哪个国家今年的建设量更大？答案相同。
@manny_thome
But the US continues to have greater responsibility for what's up their now, and we continue to have hire per capita emissions than China today.
但是，美国仍然对目前的情况负有更大的责任，我们的人均排放量仍然高于中国。
@manny_thome
You may be confusing emissions with atmospheric concentrations. Emissions have in fact come down in the U.S. (and the developed world) in recent years. But concentration levels are growing because most GHGs stay in the atmosphere a long time. We're still adding enormous amounts, but less enormous amounts, each year.
您可能混淆了排放量和大气浓度。事实上，近年来美国（以及发达国家）的排放量有所下降。但浓度水平却在增加，因为大多数温室气体在大气中停留的时间很长。我们每年仍在增加大量的温室气体，但增加的数量不会那么大。
@Erik Frederiksen
Last year saw the largest increase yet in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Human emissions are still increasing and natural carbon sinks are weakening. Not good news.
去年，大气中的二氧化碳浓度出现了迄今为止最大的增长。人类的排放量仍在增加，自然碳吸收却在减弱。这可不是好消息。
@manny_thome
You're definitely confusing emissions and concentration levels. Yes, concentration levels continue to rise, like clockwork, every year. But emissions in the U.S. are down some 20% since 2005. We need to bend the emissions curve a lot more before we can start affecting concentration levels.
你肯定混淆了排放量和浓度水平。是的，浓度水平每年都在持续上升，就像时钟一样。但自2005年以来，美国的排放量下降了约20%。在开始影响浓度水平之前，我们需要将排放曲线弯曲得更多。
@Erik Frederiksen
It is global emissions that count, and those are going up. As I noted last year saw the largest increase yet in concentration. That can only happen with an increase in emissions. And that is what is happening in both human and natural emissions.
重要的是全球排放量，而排放量正在上升。正如我所指出的，去年的浓度增长幅度最大。这只有在排放增加的情况下才会发生。人类排放和自然排放都是如此。
@Erik Frederiksen
What you are missing is that it is not just that concentrations are increasing, but they are increasing at an accelerating rate. If emissions were dropping the rate of increase would also drop.
你们忽略的是，不仅仅是浓度在增加，更是在加速增加。如果排放量下降，增加速度也会下降。
@Stephen
This is a flagrant error. The article states that emissions have come down, while the accompanying graph clearly shows a continuing rise. I believe they must mean that it rose less than expected. Clearly that is not at all the same thing.
这是一个明显的错误。文章称排放量有所下降，而附图却清楚地显示排放量在持续上升。我相信他们的意思一定是上升幅度低于预期。显然，这完全不是一回事。
@XPatriot
You’re absolutely correct. While some so-called “developed“ nations claim to have reduced emissions, that was largely done by importing energy intensive products from China and other countries. In addition, it’s global greenhouse gas emissions that matter as the climate is affected by global totals, not national emissions. Global totals are still rising rapidly (e.g. a 3.4% rise between 2022-2023, from 55.0-56.9 GT). There’s also a lot of misleading information out there relating to the effects of the pandemic reduction in emissions. Many started projecting a drop in global emissions that was either completely naive wishful thinking or completely disingenuous greenwashing.
你说得完全正确。虽然一些所谓的“发达国家”声称已经减少了排放量，但这主要是通过从中国和其他国家进口高能耗产品实现的。此外，重要的是全球温室气体排放量，因为气候受全球总量而非各国排放量的影响。全球总排放量仍在快速上升（例如，2022-2023年间将从55.0-56.9GT上升3.4%）。还有很多关于大范围减排影响的误导性信息。许多人开始预测全球排放量会下降，这完全是天真的一厢情愿，或者完全是虚伪的环保作秀。
@Innisfree
Ten years ago I insulated my house and put on solar panels.
十年前，我给房子做了隔热处理，并安装了太阳能电池板。
This past year, I've changed out my old 20 year old internal combustion engine for an EV, put a charger in my garage, and am installing a heat pump and heat pump water heater. I no longer use gas to get around or heat my home.
去年，我把用了20年的内燃机车换成了电动车，在车库里装了充电器，还安装了热泵和热泵热水器。我不再用天然气出行，也不再用天然气取暖。
I make only a modest income and was able to do all this with the help of rebates from my electric providers and federal and state tax credits, including Biden's Inflation Reduction Act.
我的收入不高，能够做到这一点，得益于电力供应商的回扣以及联邦和各州的税收减免，包括拜登的《减少通货膨胀法案》。
I am also converting my yard into a native garden, with shrubs, flowers, grasses and trees to feed the pollinators and birds. I even got some free seeds and plants from my water provider because I live in a semi-arid place and sane people recognize that wasting water to irrigate lawns that do not feed wildlife or benefit the planet is just silly.
我还在把我的院子改造成一个本地花园，种植灌木、花、草和树，为传粉昆虫和鸟类提供食物。我甚至还从供水商那里得到了一些免费的种子和植物，因为我住在一个半干旱地区，理智的人都知道，浪费水灌溉草坪既不能喂养野生动物，也不能造福地球，实在是太愚蠢了。
We can only do so much as individuals. We need our governments to act boldly and swiftly if we are to avert the worst of this climate disaster.
作为个人，我们只能做这么多。如果我们要避免这场最严重的气候灾难，我们需要我们的政府采取大胆而迅速的行动。
"Our greatest responsibility is to be good ancestors." - Jonas Salk
“我们最大的责任就是当好祖先”。-乔纳斯-索尔克
@John Donovan
I’m with you 100%! Individually we can do a lot just replacing our gas car with petrol.
我完全同意你的观点！我们每个人都可以做很多事情，只要把我们的天然气车换成汽油车就可以了。
My neighbors and friends, who are quite well off and claim to be concerned about climate, either say “we’re not ready to go electric just yet” or “I hear electric cars aren’t safe”.
我的邻居和朋友们都很富裕，他们声称关心气候问题，但他们不是说“我们还没准备好使用电动汽车”，就是说“我听说电动汽车不安全”。
As you probably know, the NTSB data shows that gas cars are 30 times more likely to catch fire than EVs and interestingly, hybrids aren’t 60times more likely to catch fire than EVs.
大家可能都知道，NTSB的数据显示，汽油车起火的几率是电动车的30倍，有趣的是，混合动力车起火的几率并不比电动车高60倍。
@Having seen this
The graph is misleading - terribly so. Given that graphs are SUPPOSED to display an idea in a glance. This graph displays the amount of CO2, with the improvements, as going DOWN.
这幅图有误导性--非常误导。因为图表的作用是让人一目了然。这张图显示的二氧化碳量，随着技术的改进，在不断下降。
It is NOT going down. The increase is going down. I know that’s better than if the increase was going up.
没有下降。只是增幅下降了。我知道这比原来的增长趋势要好。
So visually, the ‘Quick Look’ at this graph is dishonest.
因此，从视觉上看，这张图表的“速览”说法是不诚实的。
The important number is thrown in there: the projected temperature increases.
其中有一个重要的数字：预计的气温升幅。
We’ve been told for decades now that 2°-2.5° increases are very bad news. Also, that all this CO2 is additive, since it takes a couple of thousand years to dissipate.
几十年来，我们一直被告知，气温上升2到2.5度是个坏消息。此外，所有这些二氧化碳都是叠加的，因为它们需要几千年的时间才能消散。
The graph should display the two scenarios: one line going UP steadily, and the other going UP more dramatically. We’re in big trouble with the current ‘decreased increase”, too!!
图中应显示两种情况：一条线稳步上升，另一条线则更大幅度地上升。目前的“增幅下降”也给我们带来了很大的麻烦
I won’t disagree that horrible is better than more horrible.
当然“可怕”总比“更可怕”好一点儿，这一点我不反对。
@Jason Carey
This country is a shameful, shameful place right now. The ugliness of just contradicting every scientific truth is so sad.
这个国家现在是一个可耻、丢人的地方。一味违背科学真理的丑陋行为令人悲哀。
@Adam Shaylor
Climate should be every American voter’s top priority.
气候问题应该是每个美国选民的头等大事。
@RainyDay
The constant refrain from climate change is that it has come much, much faster than anticipated even a few decades ago and that no one knows what the feedback from the environment will be until it hits us in the face.
关于气候变化，人们常说的一句话是：气候变化的速度比几十年前预计的要快得多，而且，在我们面对气候变化之前，没有人知道环境的反馈会是什么。
Heat pulses are now affecting more than coral reefs, they are killing kelp forests and billions of sea creatures. They are spreading ticks and other creatures northward, they are causing forests to dry out, crops to fail and insurance companies to abandon markets.
热浪现在影响的不仅仅是珊瑚礁，它们正在杀死海藻森林和数十亿海洋生物。热浪向北传播蜱虫和其他生物，导致森林干枯、农作物歉收、保险公司放弃市场。
We do not know what will happen but none of it is good. It is frightening to think of what would happen in a city like Phoenix if the grid fails during a heat event. Even today people end up burned by falling on the sidewalk or scalded from their water hoses. What happens if there is no AC for millions of people in 115F weather?
我们不知道会发生什么，但都不是好事。在凤凰城这样的城市，如果电网在高温天气下发生故障将会发生什么，想想就令人感到恐惧。即使在今天，人们也会因摔倒在人行道上而被烧伤，或被水管烫伤。如果数百万人在华氏115度的天气里没有空调，会发生什么？
@Bruce
I don’t know why this myth keeps getting repeated - that natural gas is cleaner than coal. The truth of the matter is that natural gas is likely worse for the climate than coal because of the fugitive emissions (leaks) of natural gas into the atmosphere. This is because methane, the primary component of “natural” gas, is a potent greenhouse gas which wrecks climate havoc. This also applies to LNG, which is being pushed by the Trump administration, which requires natural gas as the feedstock. Natural gas is not part of any solution, period.
我不知道为什么这个神话一直在重复--天然气比煤更清洁。事实的真相是，天然气对气候的影响可能比煤炭更糟，因为天然气会逸散（泄漏）到大气中。这是因为“天然气”的主要成分甲烷是一种破坏气候的强效温室气体。这也适用于特朗普政府正在推动的液化天然气，它需要天然气作为原料。天然气不是任何解决方案的一部分。
@Marilyn
This is great reporting and concise analyses of a complex issue. All humans have a stake in solving the problems, and all life on the planet depends on us. In conjunction with reducing emissions of all kinds and increasing usage of solar, wind and other renewables, the nuclear fusion work being done in the South of France could not only contribute to the solution but give us unlimited energy for the future.
这是对一个复杂问题的精彩报道和简明分析。问题的解决与全人类息息相关，地球上的所有生命都依赖于我们。在减少各种排放、增加太阳能、风能和其他可再生能源使用的同时，法国南部正在进行的核聚变工作不仅有助于解决问题，还能为我们的未来提供无限的能源。
@Richard
USA CO2 emissions in 2000 - 5.9 billion tons/year
2000年美国二氧化碳排放量-59亿吨
USA CO2 emissions in 2022 - 4.8 billion tons/year
2022年美国二氧化碳排放量-48亿吨
China CO2 emissions in 2000 - 3.6 billion tons/year
2000年中国二氧化碳排放量-36亿吨
China CO2 emissions in 2022 - 10 billion tons/year
2022年中国二氧化碳排放量-100亿吨
Please consider that the US and Europe are NOT driving this CO2 problem nor driving the growth of CO2 emissions.
请考虑一下，美国和欧洲并没有造成二氧化碳问题，也没有推动二氧化碳排放量的增长。
China is happy for the US and Europe to destroy themselves economically and double energy costs for residents (which is now the reality in the UK and Germany) while China a new coal plant every week.
中国乐于看到美国和欧洲在经济上自我毁灭，居民的能源成本翻倍（这是英国和德国目前的现实），而中国每周都会新建一座煤电厂。
@Erik Frederiksen
The US produces nearly twice the CO2 per capita that China does, despite us having ceded our manufacturing sector to them.
美国的人均二氧化碳排放量几乎是中国的两倍，尽管我们已经把制造业让给了中国。
And due to the long life of CO2 in the atmosphere and how long we have been emitting prodigious quantities of it the US is the country with the largest historical contribution to the excess CO2 in our atmosphere.
由于二氧化碳在大气中的寿命很长，而且我们排放大量二氧化碳的时间也很长，因此美国是大气中二氧化碳过量的最大历史贡献国。
@XPatriot
Your point about us having ceded our manufacturing to China is vital: the carbon footprint of the goods we import from China and other low-cost manufacturing countries wipes out our supposed reductions in US and European GHG emissions. Our nations are just trying to greenwash the statistics rather than address the problem. There’s too much virtue signaling and not enough honesty in the climate debate.
你关于我们把制造业拱手让给中国的观点至关重要：从中国及其他低成本制造国进口商品产生的碳足迹，抵消了欧美国家所谓的气候排放削减成果。各国政府不过是在环保作秀，而非真正解决问题。气候辩论中充斥着太多道德姿态，却缺乏足够的诚实。
@Richard
I can’t change the past. But we can look at what has happened since this has been flagged as a problem. The US has acted responsibly. Europe has killed its economy and energy affordability. And China is building coal plants with the hope of becoming the dominant world power without any consideration for the climate or CO2 levels or pollution. Bill Gates recently had the right idea to switch focus areas.
过去无法改变。但我们可以审视问题被提出后的进展：美国已负责任地采取行动；欧洲却扼杀了本国经济与能源可负担性；而中国仍在建设燃煤电厂，企图不顾气候、二氧化碳浓度或污染问题成为世界主导力量。比尔-盖茨近期提出转向其他领域关注的建议恰是明智之举。
@XPatriot
Most of the supposed cuts in greenhouse gas emissions by Europe and the US comes from the fact that we now simply import the dirty, high-embodied-energy materials that we used to manufacture. We need to stop the high horse posturing here and get serious. So much sustainability talk is just a veneer as fundamentally we are consuming much more than we were, but we disguise the fact through imports.
欧美所谓温室气体减排成果，大多源于将高能耗污染材料转为进口。我们该停止高高在上的姿态，认真面对现实。所谓可持续发展不过是表面文章——本质上我们的消耗量远超从前，却通过进口掩盖了真相。
@Erik Frederiksen
You wrote: "I can’t change the past" indicating that a reread of my first sentence is in order.
你写道：“过去无法改变”，这说明你该重读我的第一句话了。
@Kevin
There are four times as many people in China and they release only twice as much CO2. Do people think before they write?
中国人口是美国的四倍，二氧化碳排放量却只有两倍。你发帖前可曾思考过？
@James
This take is too narrow — it misses the bigger geopolitical reality.
这种观点过于狭隘——忽略了更宏大的地缘政治现实。
China is decarbonizing faster than anyone, but it also needs energy security. The U.S. has shale; China only has coal. It’s using what it has to keep the lights on while scaling renewables at record speed.
中国减碳速度领先全球，但同样需要保障能源安全。美国有页岩气，中国只有煤炭。在以创纪录速度发展可再生能源的同时，中国正利用现有资源保障电力供应。
Energy security comes first — without it, society collapses. China didn’t get lucky with geology, so it’s playing the best hand it has. The transition will be messy, but it’s still moving faster than anyone else.
能源安全至关重要——失去它，社会将崩溃。中国地质条件欠佳，只能打好现有牌。转型过程虽然会混乱，但速度仍领先全球。