中国的粮食产量是印度的两倍。且中国的人口略少于印度。为什么印度是粮食出口国，而中国是粮食进口国？

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam Let's see the numbers

我们来看数字

China is estimated to have 1.403 Billion people and India around 1.436 Billion people

估计中国人口约为14.03亿，印度约为14.36亿

India produced a total of 218.9 Million Tons of Rice in 2024 against 214.4 Million Tons of Rice by China

2024年印度大米产量共计2.189亿吨，而中国为2.144亿吨

India produced a total of 117 Million Tons of Wheat in 2024 against 141.1 Million Tons of Wheat by China

2024年印度小麦产量为1.17亿吨，中国为1.411亿吨

China produced 24 Million Tonnes of Chicken in 2024 and India 4.8 Million Tonnes of Chicken

2024年中国鸡肉产量为2400万吨，印度为480万吨

China produced 54 Million Tonnes of Pork in 2024 and India 1.5 Million

2024年中国猪肉产量为5400万吨，印度为150万吨

China produced 7.1 Million Tonnes of Beef in 2024 while India produced 4.58 Million Tonnes

2024年中国牛肉产量为710万吨，而印度为458万吨

China produced 673 Billion Eggs in 2024 and India 138 Billion Eggs in 2024

2024年中国产蛋6730亿枚，印度为1380亿枚

China has a much higher yield than India though in Rice and Wheat

不过中国在稻米和小麦的单位产量明显高于印度

China on an average had a National Average Yield of 7.083 Tonnes per Hectare for Rice against 4.215 Tonnes per Hectare for India, and 5.99 Tonnes per Hectare for Wheat against 3.49 Tonnes per Hectare for India

中国稻米平均单产为7.083吨/公顷，而印度为4.215吨/公顷；小麦平均单产中国为5.99吨/公顷，印度为3.49吨/公顷

Of course India doesn't consume Pork , so the huge difference must be ignored

当然印度人不吃猪肉，所以这巨大的差异应当予以注意（或在比较时剔除）

Pork is a daily dish for Chinese

猪肉是中国人的日常食材

Also India has a large vegetarian population while China is completely non vegetarian with less than 0.15% of the population not consuming meat 14 days in a row (only 15 Chinese in 10,000 don't eat meat or fish for 14 days in a row and the main reason is economic )

另外，印度有大量素食人口，而中国几乎完全吃荤，连续14天不吃肉的人不到0.15%（即每一万名中国人中只有约15人连续14天不吃肉或鱼，主要原因是经济因素）

So Chicken, Egg etc will be produced in far greater numbers

因此鸡肉、鸡蛋等的产量会大得多

So why is China an Importer

那么为什么中国还是进口国呢？

Prosperity!!!!!

繁荣！！！

In the 1970s, The Average Chinese got meat, fish or poultry only 41 days in a year. They used Red Bean to make Artificial chicken meat

在1970年代，普通中国人一年里只有41天能吃到肉、鱼或家禽。他们用红豆做“人造鸡肉”。

Today the Average Chinese gets Meat, Fish, Poultry 309 days in a year while the Poorest Chinese still eat Meat, Poultry or Fish Once in 4 days (Poorest of the Poor eat meat or fish or poultry 90 days a year)

如今普通中国人一年中约有309天能吃到肉、鱼或家禽，而最贫困的中国人仍然每4天吃一次肉/家禽/鱼（最贫困人群一年吃肉或鱼或家禽约90天）

The Chinese diet where TOFU / SOYBEAN formed 62% of Protein in 1985 is one where Red Meat forms 34.1% of Protein and all Meat, Poultry and Fish form 91% of Protein with Tofu contributing only 9% Protein

在1985年中国饮食中，豆腐/大豆占蛋白质的62%；而现在红肉占蛋白质的34.1%，所有肉类、家禽与鱼类合计占蛋白质的91%，豆腐只贡献约9%的蛋白质

So while Pork production rose by 10.37% a year between 1985 to 2025 , Consumption rose by 17% a year

因此在1985到2025年间，猪肉产量每年增长约10.37%，而消费每年增长约17%

So every year China sees a 70% more growth in Consumers than Producers of Pork

所以每年中国猪肉“消费者”增长比“生产者”增长多约70%

So Today China imports Pork for around 23% of its needs, producing enough for 77% of its market

因此如今中国约通过进口满足23%的猪肉需求，自产能满足约77%的市场

Chinas Beef Production is way lower than Consumption. Production rose by 3.10% a year, Consumption by 10.54% a year b/w 1985 and 2025

中国牛肉产量远低于消费量。1985–2025年间产量每年增长约3.10%，而消费每年增长约10.54%

India unfortunately is still much poorer where a lot of people still can't get adequate meals

不幸的是，印度仍然更为贫困，很多人仍然无法获得充足的餐食

The Poorest Chinese still gets 1,332 Calories a day against only 828 Calories a day for an Average Poor Indian and 607 Calories for a day for an extremely Poor Indian

最贫困的中国人每天仍能获得约1332千卡，而一般贫困印度人仅为828千卡，极端贫困的印度人仅为607千卡/天

Eroding Agrarian Land

耕地在流失

China only uses 11.17% of its Land for growing Arable crops

中国仅用11.17%的国土种植农作物

That's 95.2 Million Hectares falling by 9% in the last 15 years (2008–2023)

这相当于9520万公顷，过去15年（2008–2023）减少了9%

India uses 51.38% of its Land for growing Arable crops

印度有51.38%的国土用于种植农作物

That's 160 Million Hectares, rising by 31% in the last 15 years (2008–2023)

约为1.6亿公顷，过去15年（2008–2023）增长了31%

This is due to faster modernization and industrialization of China than India

这是因为中国比印度实现现代化和工业化的速度更快

So China needs more food

所以中国需要更多食物

In the past 10 years - Chinese exports of Expensive Food like Fruits, Walnuts, Lobsters, Caviar, Wagyu, Kobe etc have risen between 229% and 3,863%

在过去10年里，中国对外出口的高端食品如水果、核桃、龙虾、鱼子酱、和牛、神户牛等增长幅度在229%至3863%之间

India isn't seeing that kind of prosperity yet

印度尚未见到那种程度的繁荣

However India is also seeing decent prosperity

不过印度也在见证不错的繁荣

Korean Noodles Brand confirmed a 88% growth from 2017–2024

某韩国方便面品牌确认其在2017–2024年间增长了88%

In 1987, 71% Households used Dalda for majority of their cooking and today 100% Households use Ghee, EVEN THE POOREST

1987年，71%的家庭主要用Dalda（人造黄油）烹饪，而如今100%的家庭都使用酥油（Ghee），即便是最贫困者

In 1995, Indian Per Capita Milk Consumption was a mere 98.5 grams a day and now it's 472 grams a day revealing a 500% growth in 30 years in Milk Consumption

1995年印度人均牛奶消费仅为每日98.5克，而现在为472克/天，30年间牛奶消费增长了约500%

Raja Hindustani The Chinese get better Nutrition, than the Poor Indians, Per Capita, hence China has more of internal Consumption of their own. 80 % of poor Indians get free 5 kg Rice, and the rest is exported, the rotten Grains ( Low quality ) goes to the PDS.

按人均计算，中国人的营养状况好于印度的贫困人口，因此中国有更多内部消费。80%的印度贫困人口能领到免费的5公斤大米，其余出口；质量差的劣粮则进入公共配给系统（PDS）。

Peter Chan Don’t always envy the Chinese. Fastfood there is getting out of hand as well. So many flashy choices, but most of them aren’t good for your health.

别总羡慕中国。那边快餐也越来越泛滥，花里胡哨的选择很多，但大多数对健康并不好。

While I completely sympathize with hunger and lack of food, but poor regions around the world lack fastfood. It means they get to always eat real and healthy food.

我完全同情饥饿和食物匮乏，但世界上贫穷地区缺少快餐，这意味着他们经常吃到的是真实且健康的食物。

Charlie Buffett This Ghee and Milk consumption is fine but what are they producing for the nation ? What is the Contribution ? Any scientist, Nobel prize winner, patent holder,.. any soldier ? Heck even a tax payer ?

这些酥油和牛奶的消费倒是不错，但他们为国家生产了什么？贡献在哪里？有科学家、诺贝尔奖得主、专利持有者……或者士兵？甚至纳税人都没有？

Otherwise, they (80 Cr) are just animals fed on milk and ghee and encroaching the footpath and encroaching all the government and public land for free and selling stuff illegally without paying any taxes and making a mess of traffic jam and congestions, garbage, sewage etc

否则，他们(印度)（8亿人）就只是吃着牛奶和酥油养大的牲畜，侵占人行道，无偿侵占所有政府和公共土地，非法贩卖物品却不缴纳任何税费，并造成交通堵塞、拥堵、垃圾、污水等一团糟的局面。

HopefulPessimist They export so many goods and accumulate forex, that they have to use this forex for import.

他们出口大量商品并积累外汇，就必须用这些外汇去进口东西。

Under hypothetical barter system, no country would just give its goods to another for free. They have to import something.

在假设性的以物易物体系下，没有国家会无偿把货物给别国，他们必须进口某些东西以交换所得。

Shane Mathew It's a matter of global honour that India is still predominantly vegetarian. At least Indians are protecting their purity by not defiling their body with non-vegetarian food. While non vegetarian may have higher protein content it destroys the purity of your soul.

印度仍以素食为主，这是一种全球性的荣耀。至少印度人通过不吃荤来保护自己的纯洁。虽然非素食可能蛋白质含量更高，但会“污染”你灵魂的纯净。

Bhartiyas, don't let it happen to you. Don't become impure like us non-vegetarians.

印度朋友们，别让这种事发生在你们身上。别像我们这些吃荤的人一样“不纯洁”。

Sosow Nima Caused by the consumption of meat and fish.

这是由肉类和鱼类消费引起的。

China consumes half of the world's pork, 33% of the world's mutton, and 70% of the world's freshwater fish. All of these rely on feed-based farming.

中国消费全球一半的猪肉、三分之一的羊肉以及70%的淡水鱼。这些都依赖以饲料为基础的养殖业。

However, China has relatively limited arable land, which is only 75% of India's.

然而中国的可耕地相对有限，仅为印度的约75%。

This land must be prioritized to ensure absolute food security for staple crops like rice and wheat. Even under these circumstances, the situation is already quite strained.

这些耕地必须优先用于保证主粮（如稻米和小麦）的绝对粮食安全，即便在这种情况下，形势也已相当紧张。

Most feed, such as soybeans and corn, must be imported. China imports 100 million tons of soybeans annually.

大多数饲料，如大豆和玉米，必须进口。中国每年进口约1亿吨大豆。

Personally, I do not approve of this. I believe people should eat more fruits and vegetables rather than meat. Protein can also be supplemented through tofu.

就我个人而言，我不赞同这样。我认为人们应多吃水果和蔬菜，而不是肉类。蛋白质也可以通过豆腐等补充。

Slaughtering animals is truly excessive. However, most of my fellow citizens do not share this view.

屠宰动物实在过度了，但大多数同胞并不认同我的看法。

Is a strictly vegan diet necessarily unhealthy?

严格的纯素饮食必然不健康吗？

I don't think so.

我不这么认为。

(This elderly Taoist priest lived to 103 years old. His diet was very simple and, of course, strictly vegan. He was still able to work until the day before he passed away.)

（这位老道士活到103岁。他的饮食非常简单，而且严格素食。他直到去世前一天仍能工作。）

(This elderly man lived to 95 years old. He maintained a very light vegan diet throughout his life, often having just two small biscuits for breakfast. He was still able to teach until the day before he passed away.)

（这位老人活到95岁。他一生保持非常清淡的素食，经常早餐仅吃两块小饼干。他直到去世前一天仍在授课。）

Lakshay This post made me to realise how fortunate my fellow Indians and I are to have one of the most fertile lands in the world, capable of producing enough food grains to meet our needs and beyond. This achievement is a testament to the tireless work of our government and scientists over the decades. The Green Revolution, the White Revolution, and the Pink Revolution stand as shining examples of our resilience and progress.

这篇帖让我意识到我和我的印度同胞是多么幸运，我们拥有世界上最肥沃的土地之一，能够生产足够满足我们需要的粮食甚至更多。这一成就是几十年来政府与科学家不懈努力的证明。绿色革命、白色革命与粉色革命就是我们韧性与进步的光辉范例。

Jong Stujian Where is lucky? A larger planting area, lower yield, lower per capita grain consumption, and lower per capita consumption of vegetables and meat. What does this indicate? It shows that your people are starving and their living standards are far lower than those in China.

哪儿来的“幸运”？更大的种植面积，却更低的单产、人均粮食消费更低、人均蔬菜和肉类消费也更低。这说明什么？说明你们的人在挨饿，生活水平远低于中国。

Peter Banh You can stick to your vegan or vegetarian diet. It’s your freedom to do so. No one will go after you because of it. However, other Chinese citizens have their personal choices as well. They don’t need your approval. Your choice is different, neither better nor worse, than theirs.

你可以坚持你的纯素或素食饮食，那是你的自由。不会有人因此找你麻烦。不过其他中国公民也有他们的个人选择，他们不需要你的认可。你的选择和他们不同，但并不比他们更好或更差。

Ray Comeau Thanks for request.

感谢你的提问。

Comparing India to China is often an apples to oranges comparison, because the details differ.

将印度与中国比较常常是“苹果与橘子”的比较，因为细节不同。

In the most basic of terms, On a per capita basis, Chinese people consume considerably more energy (ie. food) than Indians.

最基本来说，按人均计算，中国人的能量（即食物）摄入明显高于印度人。

A brief example is Chinese consume roughly 6 times more meat than Indians, 4 times more seafood, and 3 times more fruit. China’s climate limits the type of fruit it can produce.

举个简短例子：中国人均肉类消费约为印度人的6倍，海鲜4倍，水果3倍。中国的气候也限制了其能生产的水果类型。

In addition, Chinese agricultural companies operate in number of countries, supplying their products to China.

此外，中国的农业公司在多个国家运营，为中国市场供货。

Sandeep Deshpande China is self sufficient in rice and wheat. As China grows they need more meat and dairy and corn and pork. Also China is more integrated with the world than India and this includes agricultural sector as well. China is also more industrialized, so reduces the labor available for agriculture. For example, it is probably cheaper to buy soyabeans from outside than to grow it in China.

中国在稻米和小麦方面实现自给自足。随着中国发展，他们需要更多的肉类、乳制品、玉米和猪肉。此外中国比印度更融入全球体系，这也包括农业部门。中国工业化程度更高，因此农业劳动力减少。例如，从国外购买大豆很可能比在国内种植更便宜。

Also China though bigger has lesser arable land in total than India and lesser labour in agriculture than India. So it simply makes sense to import some stuff from outside, while becoming sufficient in key staples. This can free up their labor for more high value jobs in industry and manufacturing.

此外，尽管中国国土更大，但可耕地总量低于印度，农业劳动力也少于印度。因此在实现主要主粮自给的同时从外部进口部分农产品是合理的，这可以释放劳动力去从事更高附加值的工业和制造业工作。

India is obsessed with self sufficiency in food production, due to its experience with British rule which caused plenty of famines. But then for the inputs for agriculture, India is dependent on Chinese imports.

印度对粮食自给很执着，这与其在英殖时代经历过多次饥荒有关。但在农业投入品方面，印度又依赖中国的进口。

Also as mentioned India is not that well integrated with the world, has more arable than China and India still has many surplus labor in agriculture.

如上所述，印度与世界的融合度不高，可耕地多于中国，且农业中仍有大量剩余劳动力。