QA：为什么德国的自来水味道不好，而且含有那么多水垢？

Volker Eichener
This is a map of Germany. What you see at first glance is that topography is very varied and hence geology. So, the ground water is very different in the regions of Germany. There are a few places with higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium in the water, but there are also large regions where the tap water is very soft.
So, your statement “tap water tastes horrible and contains so much limescale” stems from an isolated experience and is so overgeneralized that it is wrong. In most regions of Germany, tap water tastes good. Maybe you are missing chlorine. There is hardly any region in Germany where tap water is chlorinated anymore. We have more modern ways to desinfect our water.

看看德国地图。乍一看，地形地貌千差万别，因此地理环境也千差万别。因​​此，德国各地的地下水差异很大。有些地方的水中钙镁离子浓度较高，但也有一些大片地区的自来水非常软。
所以，你说的“德国自来水味道难闻，而且含有大量水垢”只是个例，过于笼统，完全错误。在德国大部分地区，自来水味道都很好。也许你忽略了氯的问题。现在，德国几乎没有地区还在使用氯消毒的自来水了。我们有更现代化的方法来给水消毒。

Neil Bowen
On my cycling trips to Germany, and there have been two just this year, I don’t think that I drank any water. Why would anyone bother with water when you make so much good beer?

我骑车去德国旅行过几次，今年就去了两次，感觉自己好像没喝过水。既然能酿出这么多好的啤酒，干嘛还要费心喝水呢？

Bob
your answer is absolutely correct. I live near the coast of the North Sea and our water is somewhat brackish (land recovered from the moors & swamps), but still tastes fine. I lived near Frankfurt and there was a lot of calcium in the water, but it also tasted fine. Most people agree that German tap water is better than bottled water. Fun Fact: the Roman walls that separated Roman Gaul from Germanic tribes was called Limes. the lime came in handy when your building a wall.

你的回答完全正确。我住在北海沿岸附近的时候，我们的水有点咸（是从荒原和沼泽中开垦出来的），但味道还不错。我住在法兰克福附近的时候，那里的水里有很多钙，但味道也不错。大多数人都认为德国的自来水比瓶装水好。有趣的事实：将罗马高卢人与日耳曼部落隔开的罗马城墙被称为Limes （石灰，水垢就是从这个单词变化而来）。当你要筑墙时，石灰就派上了用场。

Dan Gall
I lived in Germany for 4 years and never found the water taste horrible at all. I lived in the German town of Baden Geroldsau (part of Baden Baden). I travelled much in Germany (and Austria and France and other cuntries) and never noticed any bad tasting water

我在德国住了四年，从来没有发现过任何有味道的水。
我住在德国巴登格罗尔德绍（Baden Geroldsau，巴登巴登的一部分）。我经常在德国（以及奥地利、法国和其他国家）旅行，从未发现任何水的味道不好。

Kim Kong
Even if the water comes from deep wells and is very hard it shouldn’t taste horrible. But it is indeed horrible to wash your hair with it if you are accustomed to very soft water.

即使水来自深井，而且硬度很高，味道也应该不难闻。但如果你习惯了很软的水，用这种水洗头确实很难受。

Mark France
I tried ordering tap water from a restaurant in Germany. That didn't go down well with the waiter.

我在德国的一家餐馆，试着点自来水。服务员对此很不满意。

Cliff P. Edge
Yeah, it's bizarre they count on beverages in their menu for revenue, unlike in the states where if you get free water, nobody bats an eye.

是的，他们依靠菜单上的饮料来获取收入，这很奇怪，不像在美国，如果你得到免费的水，没有人会注意到。

Nathan Barton
In the UK it's generally agreed that Northern clay water is far superior to southern chalk. I imagine it's the same for Germany.

在英国，人们普遍认为北方的粘土水远远优于南方的白垩水。我想德国也一样。

Nigel H.
As a Southern I prefer the water that’s been filtered through chalk aquifers.
It’s what you are used to.

作为南方人，我更喜欢经过白垩含水层过滤的水。
这是你们习惯的。

Symon Jemčenko
IMO, German tape water is very good. Where I come from, it can be dangerous for health to consume unboiled tape water due to presence of rust and chlorination.

在我看来，德国的自来水非常好。在我的家乡，饮用未煮沸的自来水可能有害健康，因为其中含有铁锈和氯化物。

Graham White
I drank a ton of sink and drinking fountain water in Munich and it all tasted great. This is a weird question that you answered perfectly!

我在慕尼黑喝了很多水槽水和饮水机里的水，味道都很棒。这个问题问得真奇怪，你却回答得这么完美！

Pedro Carvalho
I used to tour Germany a lot in the 00’s, all over the country. I also noticed tap water - as well as most non-sparkling local bottled water - tasted funky to my taste.
So I developed a taste for sparkling water that lasts to this day, initially just to avoid German water. I also discovered I could buy Portuguese bottled water in Portuguese stores in some cities, and started doing that.

2000年代，我经常在德国各地旅行。我注意到，自来水——以及大多数不含气泡的当地瓶装水——对我来说味道怪怪的。
所以我养成了对气泡水的喜爱，这种喜爱一直持续到今天，最初只是为了避免喝德国水。我还发现在一些城市的葡萄牙商店可以买到葡萄牙瓶装水，于是就开始喝了。

Cliff P. Edge
For an American from Los Angeles, the tap water in Munich rivaled the finest mineral waters I have ever had. It was astonishing.

对于一个来自洛杉矶的美国人来说，慕尼黑的自来水竟然可以媲美我喝过的最优质的矿泉水。这真是令人惊讶。

Anselm Garbe
In my experience German tap water is usually drinkable and tastes fairly good in most areas I’ve lived (north eastern and southern Germany). The only tap water I didn’t like was the water in Berlin, which didn’t taste good. When I lived in the UK I found most tap water disgusting specifically in the greater London area. Too much chlorine and bad smells to it. The best water I had is where I live now, in BC, Canada.
All tap water in Germany that I came across was very hard though and very calcium rich which made a lot of chalky stains in kettles and sinks very quick. That’s one of the major downsides of German tap water that I came across due to personal experience.

就我的经验而言，在我居住过的大多数地区（德国东北部和南部），德国的自来水通常可以直接饮用，而且口感也相当不错。唯一让我不喜欢的自来水是柏林的水，味道不好。我住在英国的时候，发现大多数自来水都令人作呕，尤其是在大伦敦地区。氯气太多，而且有异味。我现在住的地方，也就是加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省，喝到的自来水是最好的。
然而，我接触到的德国自来水硬度都很高，而且富含钙，很快就会在水壶和水槽里留下很多白垩状的污渍。这是我亲身体验到的德国自来水的主要缺点之一。

Knutsen Trygve
I do a lot of road cycling in many different places and so I drink a lot of tap water. I too have been wondering about this. There is a sort of belt of foul tasting tap water stretching from Southern Denmark, through Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium and to about Normandy. I think I could add Poland to this list as well, but have not been to enough different places there to say that the tap water has a foul taste in general. Any way, I would guess it is because of the limescale. The water tastes significantly better when your water source seems to be in a hilly area. The southern Ardennes, around Beauraing has some of the finest tasting water in Belgium and comes close to the water in Oslo. But that is no where near as good as as some of what I have tasted in the French Alps or the Norwegian mountains.

我经常在很多不同的地方进行公路骑行，因此我喝很多自来水。我也一直在想这个问题。从丹麦南部开始，经过德国、荷兰、比利时，一直到诺曼底附近，有一条自来水味道很臭的带状区域。我想我也可以把波兰也加到这个名单上，但是我去过的波兰的地方还不够多，不足以说明自来水总体上味道不好。不管怎样，我猜是因为水垢。如果水源位于丘陵地区，水的味道会好得多。阿登省南部、博兰附近有一些比利时味道最好的水，接近奥斯陆的水。但那远不及我在法国阿尔卑斯山或挪威山区喝到的水。

Uncle Dange
Americans do love to talk shit.

美国人确实喜欢说废话。

Cliff P. Edge
As an American from Los Angeles, the tap water in Munich rivaled the finest mineral waters I have ever had. It was astonishing. I was never disappointed in German tap water. ( Except that the water pressure was not very strong.) What was indeed disappointing was the quality of the sushi throughout Europe. THAT was lousy.
I don't doubt what you say, I'm just curious what city you said it from. I think if you're close to the Alps, the water from the snowmelt is going to be pretty darn good. Plus, Germans have a quality obsession.

作为一个来自洛杉矶的美国人，慕尼黑的自来水可以媲美我喝过的最好的矿泉水。这真是令人惊讶。我对德国的自来水从来都不失望。（除了水压不太强。）真正令人失望的是整个欧洲寿司的质量。那太糟糕了。
我并不怀疑你说的话，我只是好奇你是在哪个城市说的这话。我觉得如果你住在阿尔卑斯山附近，融雪水应该会非常好。而且，德国人对品质非常执着。

Mæjî§TəŘŁuĐi
Too much mineral content is problematic for your gut. Depends on the mineral water but hard tap water? Luckily the water where I live is very soft and I can pick and choose my minerals from food.

矿物质含量过高对肠道有害。这主要是矿泉水，但自来水硬度会很高吗？还好我住的地方水质很软，我可以从食物中得到矿物质。

Mats Petersson
As someone that has kept many fishes in many aquaria, and some understanding of water chemistry, there are a few things I’d like to point out here:
Germany as a whole country does not have hard water everywhere. It varies. Some regions have hard water (the stuff that forms limescale if you boil it or leave it to evaporate), some regions do not. Even those regions with hard water is no worse than many other parts of the world that has hard water - some parts of Sweden, USA, England, Italy and France have just as hard water.
Most “fancy” water in bottles, particularly those that are carbonated, is hard water. Obviously, people drink bottled water because they like the taste of it, so hard water in and of itself isn’t a bad thing. This is why it’s called mineral water - it contains minerals.
Taste of tap-water varies, and hard water can taste a bit salty and a bit bitter. If you are used to very soft water (low mineral content), then you may find that it tastes different.
Removing hardness, just so that some people can say “it tastes good” is a very expensive luxury to afford, especially if 70–80% of the water is used for washing, showers/baths, flushing toilets, etc. If you don’t like the taste of the tap-water, either get a Brita filter or buy bottled water for drinking.
The times I’ve been in Germany, I’ve never felt the water tastes bad - although the beer is better … :)
Try water from the tap in Texas (around the Edwards Aquifer - Dallas to San Antonio, and I think Houstan as well) - that stuff, you barely need to add cement to make a foundation for a house, just pour it on the ground, and wait for a bit. [yes, I’m exaggerating]. It also tastes like it was taken out of the publish swimming pool, due to the high levels of chlorine. Nasty stuff.

作为一个在多个水族箱中养过很多鱼的人，并且对水化学有一定的了解的人，我想在这里指出几点：
1、德国并非到处都是硬水。水质各不相同。有些地区有硬水（煮沸或使其蒸发后会形成水垢的物质），有些地区则没有。即使是那些硬水地区，其水质也并不比世界上许多其他地区更糟糕——瑞典、美国、英国、意大利和法国的部分地区也有同样的硬水。
2、大多数瓶装的“高档”水，尤其是碳酸瓶装水，都是硬水。显然，人们喝瓶装水是因为他们喜欢它的味道，所以硬水本身并不是什么坏事。这就是为什么它被称为矿泉水——它含有矿物质。
3、自来水的味道各不相同，硬水尝起来有点咸，也有点苦。如果你习惯了非常软的水（矿物质含量低），那么你可能会发现它的味道有所不同。
4、为了让一些人说“味道好极了”而去除硬度，这本身就是一项昂贵的奢侈，尤其是在70%到80%的水用于洗涤、淋浴/泡澡、冲厕所等的情况下。如果你不喜欢自来水的味道，要么买个Brita滤水器，要么买瓶装水喝。

我去过德国几次，从来没有觉得那里的水不好喝——虽然啤酒更好喝……:)
试试德克萨斯州的自来水（爱德华兹蓄水层附近——从达拉斯到圣安东尼奥，我想休斯顿也一样）——那种水，你几乎不需要加水泥就能打地基，只需把它倒在地上，等一会儿就行了。[是的，我夸张了]。由于氯含量高，它的味道就像是从公共游泳池里捞出来的一样。真难喝。

Juergen Nieveler
“Why does the tap water in Germany taste horrible and contain so much limescale?”
That’s a rather broad statement given the size of the country. There’s quite a lot of variety in water quality (and hardness) across Germany, depending on the geological composition at the depth of the aquifers.
Even at its worst though, German tap water will always be perfectly safe to drink, and taste MUCH better than for example the tap water in Florida (which in some areas requires a lot of processing to make it drinkable) or Flint, Michigan (which is downright poisonous)

“为什么德国的自来水味道难喝，而且含有这么多水垢？”
考虑到德国幅员辽阔，这说法有点过于宽泛了。德国各地的水质（和硬度）差异很大，取决于蓄水层深处的地质成分。
不过，即使在最糟糕的情况下，德国的自来水也绝对可以安全饮用，而且味道比佛罗里达州（在某些地区需要经过大量处理才能饮用）或密歇根州弗林特市（完全有毒）的自来水好得多。


Tom B
Such a thing would be a local phenomenon; it is certainly not characteristic of German water. Some chalk? definitely. To the point of tasting horrible? Nope.

这种事应该只是地方现象，肯定不是德国水的典型特征。有白垩？肯定有。味道难闻到非常大的程度？没有。

Sven Thorsten Jakusch
We have softer water in regions where sandstone or granite is present. For example, in Heidelberg, the aquifer flows through layers of red sandstone and gneiss, resulting in soft water (which is also used for brewing beer, by the way).
In contrast, tap water in Mannheim is sourced from the Rhine, which contains more chalk. Interestingly, these two cities are only a few kilometers apart. Fun fact: in Mannheim, the Eichbaum brewery uses water from a spring located right next to a cemetery... just saying.

在砂岩或花岗岩分布的地区，水质较软。例如，在海德堡，含水层流经红色砂岩和片麻岩层，形成了软水（顺便说一下，这种水也用于酿造啤酒）。
相比之下，曼海姆的自来水来自莱茵河，莱茵河的白垩含量更高。有趣的是，这两个城市相距仅几公里。有趣的是：在曼海姆，艾希鲍姆啤酒厂使用的水来自墓地旁边的一处泉水……只是说说而已。

Chris Calone
It doesn’t contain limescale.
It tastes horrible because it contains calcium carbonate which causes limescale.

它不含水垢。
它的味道很糟糕，因为它含有碳酸钙，而碳酸钙会导致水垢。