历史上哪一场战斗最惨烈？
What was the most brutal last stand in history?
译文简介
1915年夏季，在德奥联军的攻势下，俄军正节节败退、被迫后撤。德国还企图夺取波兰，因此在向东推进的同时，又从东普鲁士向南朝着要塞进军。这本该是德军的一场轻松胜利：此时的俄军实力已被削弱，德军在兵力上占据优势——投入12个步兵营和30门攻城炮，而俄军仅有500名守军，外加数百名民兵支援。从纸面实力看，德军的装备也更为精良，配备了上述火炮及毒气。
正文翻译
What was the most brutal last stand in history?
历史上哪一场战斗最惨烈？
Jacob D B.A. in History, University of Alberta (Graduated 2022) Upvoted by C.J. Skamarakas , PhD History, Catholic University of America (2009) 3y
雅各布·D（Jacob D） 阿尔伯塔大学历史学学士（2022年毕业） 获美国天主教大学历史学博士C.J.斯卡马拉卡斯（C.J. Skamarakas，2009年毕业）
Very good choice Joshua Millins but I think I have found one that is even crazier from World War I. This last stand is often known as the "Attack of the Dead Men" which took place at Osowiec Fortress 50 km from East Prussia in what is now Poland on August 6, 1915.
选得很好，但我觉得一战中有一场战役更为惨烈。这场最后抵抗常被称为“死人的冲锋”，发生于1915年8月6日，地点在距离东普鲁士50公里的奥索维茨要塞（现位于波兰境内）。
This was a very important strategic location along the railway line between Bialystok and Konigsberg. As a result, the Germans had to take it if they wanted to advance with any speed into the East. Two attacks had been attempted by the Germans previously in the war but both failed though the second attack had damaged the fortress severely before a Russian counterattack could relieve the fortress.
该要塞位于比亚韦斯托克与柯尼斯堡之间的铁路沿线，是极具战略意义的要地。因此，德军若想快速向东推进，就必须夺取这里。战争期间，德军此前曾两次发起进攻，但均以失败告终——不过第二次进攻在俄军反攻解围前，已对要塞造成严重破坏。
At this point, however, the Russians were buckling and being pushed back under the German and Austro-Hungarian offensive in the summer of 1915. Germany also sought to take Poland so as well as an advance eastward, there was an advance southward from East Prussia towards the fort. This should have been an easy victory for the Germans. The Russian army by this point was weakened, and the Germans had numbers on their side with 12 infantry battalions and 30 siege artillery pieces against 500 Russian defenders backed by hundreds more of Militia. The Germans also had, on paper, superior equipment with these artillery pieces and gas at their disposal.
然而，1915年夏季，在德奥联军的攻势下，俄军正节节败退、被迫后撤。德国还企图夺取波兰，因此在向东推进的同时，又从东普鲁士向南朝着要塞进军。这本该是德军的一场轻松胜利：此时的俄军实力已被削弱，德军在兵力上占据优势——投入12个步兵营和30门攻城炮，而俄军仅有500名守军，外加数百名民兵支援。从纸面实力看，德军的装备也更为精良，配备了上述火炮及毒气。
he fortress was bombarded first and badly damaged before the assault began. They also deployed their gas when the wind was favourable. Russian soldiers were not as well equipped as the western allies so they had no good defence against gas. The results were horrific as the gas caused chemical burns on the inside of the body when breathed in, destroying the lungs and causing soldiers to literally choke on their own blood, and cough out bits of their lungs. The gas also notably burned the eyes and caused tissue damage to the nose.
进攻开始前，要塞先遭到炮击，受损严重。随后，德军趁风向有利时投放了毒气。俄军的装备远不如西方盟国，因此缺乏有效的防毒手段。毒气造成的后果极为恐怖：士兵吸入后，体内会产生化学灼伤，肺部遭到破坏，最终活活呛血而死，甚至咳出肺组织碎片。此外，毒气还会灼伤眼睛，对鼻腔造成组织损伤。
The gas caused massive casualties in the first minutes. Those further away were able to get wet rags with water and urine but this was far from a reliable defence. Only 100 men in the rear of the core of the defence were able to survive this gas attack as entire companies were wiped out. Those who survived in the core of the defence, however, did not escape the effects of the gas and to say they were in rough shape would be putting it very mildly.
毒气在最初几分钟内就造成了大量伤亡。距离稍远的士兵设法用蘸了水或尿液的湿布捂住口鼻，但这根本算不上可靠的防护。防御核心区域的部队几乎全军覆没，仅有后方核心防御区的100名士兵在毒气袭击中幸存。然而，即便在核心防御区幸存下来的人，也未能逃脱毒气的影响——说他们状态糟糕，都已是极为委婉的说法。
Some German units moved to secure the railway while others formed up and began their attack to finish the Russians off. 7,000 men were sent believing only a few if any Russians were alive.
德军部分部队前去控制铁路，其余部队则集结起来，准备发起进攻以彻底消灭俄军。他们派了7000人，因为他们认为俄军即使有幸存者也是寥寥无几。
However, they came under fire from artillery and machine guns. Reserve companies had also lied in wait in the rear and counterattacked the German infantry with bayonets. The remaining 100 men from the trenches rose up, inspired by the reinforcements and despite the effects of the gas they stumbled and crawled forward like zombies with bloody faces as they coughed up blood and bits of their lungs. These men could barely breathe yet they pressed on, and to the Germans, it looked like these men rose from the dead.
但就在此时，他们遭到了俄军火炮和机枪的猛烈射击。后方待命的预备队也发起反击，用刺刀与德军步兵展开近战。战壕中仅剩的100名俄军士兵受到援军鼓舞，顶着毒气的剧痛，满脸是血、踉跄着向前爬行，宛如僵尸——他们不断咳血，甚至咳出肺组织碎片。这些士兵几乎无法呼吸，却仍在奋力推进。在德军眼中，他们仿佛是从死人堆里爬出来的怪物。
This scared the shit out of the Germans especially because these men seemed hell-bent on revenge. The Germans retreated in a panic so scared that they trampled each other and ran straight through their own barbed wire. They were pursued by fire as they went and suffered even more casualties.
这一场景让德军惊恐万分，尤其是这些俄军士兵似乎抱着复仇的决心不顾一切的冲锋。德军陷入恐慌，仓皇撤退，甚至互相踩踏，径直冲过了己方的铁丝网。撤退过程中，他们还遭到俄军的追击射击，伤亡进一步加剧。
By 11 AM a few hours after the gas attack the Russians had regained the forward trench positions and the German attack had been repelled. The German casualties are unknown but certainly heavy. The Russians suffered heavy losses as well and few escaped injury whether it was by the gas, or in the fighting during the counterattack.
上午11点，也就是毒气袭击发生几小时后，俄军重新夺回了前沿战壕阵地，德军的进攻被击退。德军的伤亡人数虽未明确，但无疑极为惨重。俄军同样损失巨大，几乎无人能全身而退——要么遭毒气伤害，要么在反击战中负伤。
"Most brutal" can be judged by scale, casualty rate, duration, or sheer ferocity. Several famous last stands compete depending on which metric you prioritize. Below are the strongest candidates, each described with context, scale, outcome, and why historians consider it exceptionally brutal.
“最惨烈”的评判标准可包括规模、伤亡率、持续时间或激烈程度。依据不同的评判标准，有几场著名的最后抵抗战役都颇具竞争力。以下是最有力的候选战役，每一场均结合背景、规模、结果及历史学家认为其异常惨烈的原因进行描述。
1. Thermopylae (480 BCE) 1. 温泉关战役（公元前480年）
- Context: Greek city-states vs. Persian invasion under Xerxes.
- 背景：希腊城邦对抗薛西斯一世率领的波斯入侵军。
- Force and scale: ~7,000 Greeks and allies (including 300 Spartans) held a narrow pass against a Persian army often estimated in the tens or hundreds of thousands (ancient sources exaggerate; modern estimates range 100,000+).
- 兵力与规模：约7000名希腊及盟军士兵（含300名斯巴达人）驻守狭窄关隘，抵御波斯大军——古代史料多有夸大，现代估算波斯军队人数超10万。
- Brutality: Hand-to-hand fighting in confined terrain; near-total annihilation of the rearguard after being outflanked. The defenders fought to the last man, executed in close combat, and their deaths had profound political and cultural resonance.
- 惨烈之处：狭窄地形下的白刃战；后卫部队遭迂回包抄后几乎全军覆没。守军战斗至最后一人，在近战中阵亡，他们的牺牲具有深远的政治与文化意义。
- Why notable: Iconic for moral, strategic sacrifice rather than highest casualty counts.
- 知名原因：并非因伤亡人数最多而闻名，而是以其道德层面的牺牲精神和战略意义成为标志性事件。
2. Custer's Last Stand — Little Bighorn (1876)
2. 小巨角河战役——卡斯特的最后抵抗（1876年）
- Context: 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Custer vs. combined Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho.
- 背景：乔治·卡斯特中校率领的第7骑兵团对阵拉科塔、北夏延和阿拉帕霍部落联军。
- Force and scale: ~210–265 U.S. soldiers vs. several thousand Native warriors. -
兵力与规模：约210-265名美军士兵对抗数千名印第安勇士。
- Brutality: Overwhelming, rapid slaughter of Custer's five companies; bodies reportedly mutilated in the aftermath. Intense close-quarter fighting and total defeat of a professional army contingent.
- 惨烈之处：卡斯特麾下5个连遭压倒性攻击，迅速被歼灭；据报道，士兵尸体在战后遭到肢解。战斗以激烈的近战为主，正规军部队全军覆没。
- Why notable: Complete destruction of the command element and vivid contemporary accounts of ferocity.
- 知名原因：指挥官核心部队被彻底摧毁，同时代对战役激烈程度的记载极为鲜活。
3. The Siege of Masada (73–74 CE) 3. 马萨达围城战（公元73-74年）
- Context: Jewish Sicarii rebels besieged by the Roman X Legion after the Jewish Revolt.
- 背景：犹太奋锐党叛军在犹太起义后，被罗马第十军团围困于马萨达要塞。
- Force and scale: ~967 defenders (according to Josephus) vs. several thousand Romans.
- 兵力与规模：据约瑟夫斯记载，约967名守军对抗数千名罗马士兵。
- Brutality: Romans built a siege ramp and breached the fortress; defenders are said to have committed mass suicide rather than surrender—an act viewed as brutal ethically and psychologically. If taken literally, the final scene is extreme in moral and human terms.
- 惨烈之处：罗马人修建攻城坡道并攻破要塞；据称守军为避免投降而集体自杀——这一行为在伦理和心理层面均堪称惨烈。若按字面记载，最终场景在道德和人性层面都极为极端。
- Why notable: The psychological brutality and absolute finality of the defenders' choice.
- 知名原因：守军选择所蕴含的心理创伤与绝对终结性。
4. Battle of the Alamo (1836) 4. 阿拉莫战役（1836年）
- Context: Texas revolutionaries defending an isolated mission against Mexican forces under Santa Anna.
- 背景：得克萨斯革命者驻守孤立的传教站，抵御圣安娜率领的墨西哥军队。
- Force and scale: ~180–250 defenders vs. 1,500–6,000 Mexican troops (estimates vary).
- 兵力与规模：约180-250名守军对抗1500-6000名墨西哥士兵（估算数字存在差异）。
- Brutality: After a protracted defense, Mexican forces stormed the mission and killed nearly all defenders. Contemporary reports emphasize execution-style killings rather than prisoner-taking.
- 惨烈之处：经过长时间防御后，墨西哥军队攻破传教站，几乎杀死了所有守军。同时代记载强调，守军遭处决式杀戮，而非被俘虏。
- Why notable: Symbolic last stand that became a rallying cry; the close combat and aftermath were ferocious and consequential. -
知名原因：标志性的最后抵抗，成为激励人心的战斗口号；近战及战后场景极为惨烈，影响深远。
5. The Fall of Hadrut / Bukrin (examples vary by region) — smaller, extremely brutal last stands 5.
哈德鲁特陷落/布克林战役（具体因地区而异）——规模较小但极为惨烈的最后抵抗
- Context: Numerous localized last stands in sieges or retreats (e.g., medi castle holds, colonial frontier battles) where defenders fought to death and were often massacred after surrender or capture.
-背景：围城或撤退过程中发生的多场局部性最后抵抗（如中世纪城堡防御战、殖民地边境战役），守军战斗至最后一刻，即便投降或被俘后也常遭屠杀。
- Force and scale: Small numbers (dozens to hundreds).
- 兵力与规模：人数较少（数十至数百人）。
- Brutality: Often involved massacres, mutilations, or post-battle executions; brutality is extreme on a human scale though not large in numbers.
- 惨烈之处：常伴随屠杀、肢解或战后处决；虽规模不大，但从个体层面看极为残忍。
- Why notable: Brutality concentrated and personal; historical records sometimes sparse but eyewitness accounts horrify.
- 知名原因：残忍程度集中且极具个体针对性；历史记载虽有时较为零散，但目击者描述令人毛骨悚然。
6. The Defense of Stalingrad (1942–43) — "last stands" within urban pockets
6. 斯大林格勒保卫战（1942-1943年）——城市据点中的“最后抵抗”
- Context: German Sixth Army encircled and fighting house-to-house against the Soviets.
- 背景：德国第六集团军被包围，与苏军展开逐屋争夺战。
- Force and scale: Hundreds of thousands engaged; many German formations fought isolated, effectively making multiple last stands.
- 兵力与规模：数十万人参战；许多德军部队陷入孤立，实际上进行了多次独立的最后抵抗。
- Brutality: Intense urban combat, starvation, frost, close-quarter violence, high civilian casualties, and eventual capitulation of encircled troops. Casualty numbers extremely high on both sides.
- 惨烈之处：激烈的城市巷战、饥饿、严寒、近距离厮杀、大量平民伤亡，最终被围部队投降。双方伤亡人数均极为庞大。
- Why notable: Brutality amplified by scale, environment, and attrition; not a single isolated last stand, but many simultaneous ones.
-知名原因：规模、环境和消耗战放大了战役的惨烈程度；并非单一孤立的最后抵抗，而是多场同时发生的殊死战斗。
7. The Charge of the Light Brigade (1854) 7. 轻骑兵冲锋（1854年）
- Context: Crimean War cavalry charge against Russian artillery. - 背景：克里米亚战争中，骑兵向俄军炮兵阵地发起冲锋。
- Force and scale: ~670 cavalrymen in the charge; catastrophic losses.
- 兵力与规模：约670名骑兵发起冲锋，伤亡惨重。
- Brutality: Mounted troops charged into concentrated artillery and infantry fire, suffering very high fatality and injury rates within minutes
. - 惨烈之处：骑兵冲入俄军密集的火炮与步兵火力网，几分钟内伤亡率极高。
- Why notable: Futility plus violent slaughter in open terrain—brutality compounded by command failure.
- 知名原因：冲锋本身毫无意义，加之开阔地形上的血腥屠杀——指挥失误更加剧了其惨烈性。 How to pick a single "most brutal" 如何选出唯一“最惨烈”的战役？
If "most brutal" means highest human cost across a campaign: Stalingrad and other WWII urban sieges exceed classical single-battle last stands in deaths and suffering. ·
若“最惨烈”指一场战役中的人员损失最大：斯大林格勒战役及其他二战城市围城战的死亡人数与苦难程度，超过了古典时期的单次最后抵抗战役。
If it means psychological brutality and symbolic finality: Masada or Thermopylae stand out. ·
若指心理层面的惨烈及象征意义上的终结性：马萨达围城战或温泉关战役最为突出。
If it means sudden, total annihilation of an isolated force in close combat: Little Bighorn, the Alamo, or the Light Brigade are leading contenders. ·
若指孤立部队在近战中突然被全歼：小巨角河战役、阿拉莫战役或轻骑兵冲锋是主要候选。
If it means concentrated physical brutality and mutilation: many frontier or colonial massacres (including some last stands) are contenders though often underdocumented or politically contested. ·
若指集中的肉体摧残与肢解：许多边境或殖民地屠杀事件（包括部分最后抵抗战役）均属候选，但这类事件往往记载不足或存在政治争议。 Conclusion (concise framing) 结论（简要概述）
No single event unambiguously holds the title "most brutal" because brutality can be measured in several incommensurable ways (scale, intensity per person, psychological horror, aftermath). Reasonable top candidates: Thermopylae (symbolic self-sacrifice), Little Bighorn and the Alamo (rapid annihilation and close-quarters slaughter), Masada (mass death by choice), and Stalingrad (industrial-scale, grinding brutality). Which is "most brutal" depends on the metric you prioritize. ·
由于“惨烈”可通过多种无法直接比较的维度（规模、人均激烈程度、心理恐惧、战后影响等）衡量，因此没有任何单一事件能毫无争议地获得“最惨烈”的头衔。合理的顶尖候选包括：温泉关战役（象征意义上的自我牺牲）、小巨角河战役与阿拉莫战役（快速全歼与近距离屠杀）、马萨达围城战（主动选择的大规模死亡）以及斯大林格勒战役（工业化规模的消耗型惨烈）。哪一场“最惨烈”，取决于你优先采用的评判标准。
James Frankcom · Follow BA (Hons) 1st Class in History, The Open University 5y
詹姆斯·弗兰克姆（James Frankcom）开放大学历史学荣誉学士学位
I have two candidates. The first would be the Battle of Hastings in 1066. After King Harold II of England was killed the shield wall of the remaining warriors was gradually destroyed by repeated attacks using archers, crossbows, cavalry and infantry. There had been about 10,000 men on the English side but after the death of Harold II many of them fled, but the soldiers of the royal household gathered around the late king's body and fought to the bitter end - all being eventually slain.
我有两个候选战役。第一个是1066年的黑斯廷斯战役。英格兰国王哈罗德二世阵亡后，剩余勇士组成的盾墙在诺曼军队的反复攻击下逐渐瓦解——诺曼军动用了弓箭手、弩手、骑兵和步兵。英格兰方面最初约有1万人参战，但哈罗德二世死后，许多人四散奔逃，唯有王室卫队士兵聚集在已故国王的遗体周围，战斗至最后一刻，最终全部阵亡。
The Normans began to pursue the fleeing troops, and except for a rearguard action at a site known as the "Malfosse", the battle was over.
诺曼人开始追击逃兵，除了在一处名为“恶沟”（Malfosse）的地点发生的后卫战外，战役基本结束。
Exactly what happened at the Malfosse, or "Evil Ditch", and where it took place, is unclear. It occurred at a small fortification or set of trenches where some Englishmen rallied before being defeated by the Normans. Some chronicle writers assert that William of Normandy set up his tent on the battlefield surrounded by thousands of bodies and forbade the burial of the English dead, leaving them to rot in the open for years.
“恶沟”事件的具体经过及发生地点至今不明。据记载，事件发生在一处小型防御工事或战壕群，一些英格兰人在此重新集结，最终被诺曼人击败。部分编年史家称，诺曼底的威廉在战场上搭起帐篷，周围遍布数千具尸体，他还下令禁止安葬英格兰阵亡者，任由尸体在野外腐烂数年。
The second example, on a larger scale, but no less significant, would be the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. In this battle the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II placed the ancient capital of the Eastern Roman Empire under a long siege. The defenders of the city consisted mainly of Greeks with the support of some Genoese and Venetian mercenaries. Presumably the Varangian guard also took part.
第二个候选战役规模更大，但重要性毫不逊色，那就是1453年的君士坦丁堡陷落。在这场战役中，奥斯曼帝国苏丹穆罕默德二世对东罗马帝国的古都发起了长期围攻。城市守军主要由希腊人组成，辅以部分热那亚和威尼斯雇佣兵，瓦兰吉卫队想必也参与了防御。
The city was resisting the siege until the Ottomans brought up a huge canon which devastated the ancient outer walls. A hole was blasted in one part of the wall, which collapsed, and the leader of the mercenaries was grieviously wounded. Panic began and the defenders were forced to abandon the whole outer wall and attempt to retreat to defend an inner defensive ring. The Turks and their auxilliaries poured through the breach and engaged the Byzantines in close combat.
起初，守军成功抵御了围攻，但奥斯曼军队调来一门巨型加农炮，摧毁了古老的外墙。城墙一处被炸开缺口并坍塌，雇佣兵领袖也受了重伤。守军陷入恐慌，被迫放弃整个外墙，试图后撤至内层防御圈固守。土耳其军队及其附庸部队从缺口涌入，与拜占庭军队展开近战。
The last Roman Emperor of the East, Constantine xi, is said to have removed his diadem and insgnia in an attempt to make himself less recognisable as he retreated but regardless he seems to have been caught up in the street fighting and killed alongside his bodyguards. His body was identified, it is claimed, by his distinctive imperial slippers. After the city's guards had been massacred the surviving mercenaries bailed out and the city was left to the fury of the Turks who then sacked the city.
据说，东罗马帝国末代皇帝君士坦丁十一世为避免被认出，摘下了皇冠和徽章后撤，但他最终还是卷入巷战，与贴身侍卫一同阵亡。据称，人们通过他那独具特色的帝国拖鞋认出了他的遗体。城市守卫被屠杀后，幸存的雇佣兵四散逃窜，城市陷入土耳其军队的怒火之中，遭到洗劫。
The Ottoman accounts say the sultan insisted the city was respected but I suspect a great many inhabitants were brutalised or murdered. Many of the survivors of rank had apparently hid inside the Agia Sophia Cathedral but the doors were soon forced open and the refugees therein taken away as slaves.
奥斯曼方面的记载称，苏丹曾下令尊重这座城市，但我推测，大量市民遭到虐待或杀害。许多身份较高的幸存者显然躲进了圣索菲亚大教堂，但教堂大门很快被攻破，里面的难民被掳为奴隶。 Joshua Millins History buff, Mostly a Warmonger and weapons enthusiast. 5y 约书亚·米林斯（Joshua Millins） 历史爱好者，痴迷战争史及武器 5年前
I'm going to nominate one that's by and large little known outside diehard French militants and those who appreciate the dedication to duty. The battle of Camaron. 65 French Foreign legionnaires faced off against a small detachment of the Mexican army of around 3,000 soldiers & cavalry. On April 30th, 1863.
我想提名一场战役，除了狂热的法国激进分子和推崇使命感的人之外，它在很大程度上鲜为人知——卡梅伦战役。1863年4月30日，65名法国外籍军团士兵遭遇了约3000人的墨西哥军队及骑兵小股部队。
A patrol of legionnaires lead by Captain Danjou volunteered to escort a supply convoy consisting of 3 million francs in gold bullion, siege artillery and ammunition.
当时，丹茹上尉（Captain Danjou）率领一支军团巡逻队自愿护送一支补给车队，其中包括价值300万法郎的金块、攻城炮及弹药。
The first engagement was early afternoon, 250 rancheros of Colonel Milan spotted the small unit. Colonel Milan needed the unexpected obstacle removed to avoid arousing suspicion and the plan to ambush the convoy. Committing 4 battalions of infantry and a Dragoon squadron.
午后早些时候，战斗首次爆发。米兰上校（Colonel Milan）麾下的250名牧场骑手发现了这支小部队。米兰上校需要清除这一意外障碍，以防计划暴露——他本打算伏击车队，于是投入了4个步兵营和1个龙骑兵中队。
Captain Danjou fell back hoping to lure the cavalry he had seen into the pursuit of himself instead of the convoy. Forming hollowed squares in immediate response to 2 separate cavalry charges, with a loss of 16 men in the retreat to capture.
丹茹上尉率军后撤，希望将他发现的骑兵引向自己，从而保护车队不被追击。面对两次骑兵冲锋，他立即下令部队组成空心方阵防御，在撤退过程中损失了16人。
Shortly after Danjou and his 48 men arrived at the Hacienda and taking it as a defensive stand, the captain took an oath with his men not to surrender and to fight on. Col. Milan arrived shortly after the taking of the Hacienda with his dragoons. With such odds Col. Milan sent a speaking party treating the horrendously outnumbered patrol to surrender. The response by the resolute Captain Danjou was terse and spirited "had plenty of ammunition and shall continue to fight". Within the hour the battle began in earnest.
不久后，丹茹带领剩余的48名士兵抵达一处 hacienda（大庄园），将其作为防御据点。上尉与士兵们宣誓，绝不投降，战斗到底。米兰上校率领龙骑兵很快赶到庄园外。面对如此悬殊的兵力差距，米兰上校派出使者劝降这支寡不敌众的巡逻队。意志坚定的丹茹上尉回应简洁而激昂：“我们弹药充足，将继续战斗。”不到一小时后，全面战斗爆发。
The first push by the Mexicans to take the Hacienda was repulsed with heavy casualties including Captain Danjou. Mexican infantry numbering between 1200–1400 soldiers arrived and Col. Milan again entreated them to surrender, the only response by a Sgt was 'Merde'(Shit).
墨西哥军队首次进攻庄园被击退，伤亡惨重，丹茹上尉也在战斗中阵亡。随后，1200-1400名墨西哥步兵抵达，米兰上校再次劝降。一名中士的回应只有一个词：“Merde”（法语，意为“该死”）。
The conditions were poor for the Patrol, no food, little water and low on ammunition, the third assault saw the command reduced to LT. Maudet and his 12 men in the stables. A third surrender was offered and refused. The Legionnaires without ammunition and the command further down to only 5 men mounted bayonets and lead a final charge.
巡逻队的处境极为艰难：没有食物，水源匮乏，弹药所剩无几。第三次进攻后，指挥官仅剩下莫代中尉（LT. Maudet）和他手下12名士兵，退守在马厩中。对方第三次提出投降，仍遭拒绝。弹药耗尽后，军团士兵仅剩5人，他们上起刺刀，发起了最后的冲锋。
A Mexican major called for a ceasefire. Of the 5 soldiers, only 3 survived this last attack, LT.Maudet was wounded and only 2 soldiers remained. In the spirit of their oath to Captain Danjou, they would only surrender if permitted to keep their arms and equipment with provisional care of LT.Maudet. When brought before Colonel Milan he is reported to have said "Is this all of them? Is this all of the men who are left?" Followed immediately by, "These are not men! They are demons!"
一名墨西哥少校下令停火。5名士兵中，仅有3人在最后这次冲锋中幸存——莫代中尉负伤，最终只剩2名士兵保持战斗力。为遵守对丹茹上尉的誓言，他们提出的投降条件是：允许保留武器装备，并为莫代中尉提供临时医疗护理。当他们被带到米兰上校面前时，据称上校说道：“就这些人吗？剩下的就只有他们了？”紧接着又说：“他们不是人！是魔鬼！”
The French Foreign Legion bears a day of honour April 30th is Camerone Day and a Prized relic of the Legion is the wooden prosthesis of Captain Danjou Recovered a few years after in the fields around Cameron which is considered a high honour to bear this piece of history upon it's day.
法国外籍军团将4月30日定为“卡梅伦日”，作为荣誉纪念日。军团最珍贵的遗物之一，是数年后在卡梅伦战场附近找到的丹茹上尉的木制假腿——在纪念日当天，护送这件历史遗物被视为至高荣誉。 Anthony Thompson · Follow Lives in Saginaw, MI 5y 安东尼·汤普森（Anthony Thompson） 关注 现居密歇根州萨吉诺 5年前
The Battle of the Alamo Mission. A majority of Americans should have at least heard of this battle. This is the famous final battle of the folkheros Davy Crockett and James Bowie. A part of the Texan Revolution, this battle highlights American stubbornness in the face of danger. A group of ~200 (Between 185 and 260, the numbers are still debated) US colonists, frontiersmen, and Texan revolutionaries stood their ground against of force of 1800Mexican regulars.
阿拉莫传教站战役（Battle of the Alamo Mission）。大多数美国人至少应该听说过这场战役。这是民间英雄戴夫·克罗基特（Davy Crockett）和詹姆斯·鲍伊（James Bowie）的最后一战。作为得克萨斯革命的一部分，这场战役彰显了美国人面对危险时的顽强不屈。约200名（具体人数在185至260之间，至今仍有争议）美国殖民者、边疆居民和得克萨斯革命者坚守阵地，对抗1800名墨西哥正规军。
I'll skimp over the battle and get right to the results as they speak for themselves. After a 13 day long siege,the Mexican regulars lost between 400 and 600 men (injury and death), meanwhile only only 50 Americans lived to tell the tale with only 3 escaping unharmed (2 of which only because they held a Mexican officer hostage).
我简要略过战斗过程，直接说结果——结果本身就足以说明一切。经过13天的围攻，墨西哥正规军伤亡400至600人（含死伤），而幸存的美国人仅50人，其中仅有3人未受重伤（其中2人因挟持了一名墨西哥军官才得以脱身）。
历史上哪一场战斗最惨烈？
Jacob D B.A. in History, University of Alberta (Graduated 2022) Upvoted by C.J. Skamarakas , PhD History, Catholic University of America (2009) 3y
雅各布·D（Jacob D） 阿尔伯塔大学历史学学士（2022年毕业） 获美国天主教大学历史学博士C.J.斯卡马拉卡斯（C.J. Skamarakas，2009年毕业）
Very good choice Joshua Millins but I think I have found one that is even crazier from World War I. This last stand is often known as the "Attack of the Dead Men" which took place at Osowiec Fortress 50 km from East Prussia in what is now Poland on August 6, 1915.
选得很好，但我觉得一战中有一场战役更为惨烈。这场最后抵抗常被称为“死人的冲锋”，发生于1915年8月6日，地点在距离东普鲁士50公里的奥索维茨要塞（现位于波兰境内）。
This was a very important strategic location along the railway line between Bialystok and Konigsberg. As a result, the Germans had to take it if they wanted to advance with any speed into the East. Two attacks had been attempted by the Germans previously in the war but both failed though the second attack had damaged the fortress severely before a Russian counterattack could relieve the fortress.
该要塞位于比亚韦斯托克与柯尼斯堡之间的铁路沿线，是极具战略意义的要地。因此，德军若想快速向东推进，就必须夺取这里。战争期间，德军此前曾两次发起进攻，但均以失败告终——不过第二次进攻在俄军反攻解围前，已对要塞造成严重破坏。
At this point, however, the Russians were buckling and being pushed back under the German and Austro-Hungarian offensive in the summer of 1915. Germany also sought to take Poland so as well as an advance eastward, there was an advance southward from East Prussia towards the fort. This should have been an easy victory for the Germans. The Russian army by this point was weakened, and the Germans had numbers on their side with 12 infantry battalions and 30 siege artillery pieces against 500 Russian defenders backed by hundreds more of Militia. The Germans also had, on paper, superior equipment with these artillery pieces and gas at their disposal.
然而，1915年夏季，在德奥联军的攻势下，俄军正节节败退、被迫后撤。德国还企图夺取波兰，因此在向东推进的同时，又从东普鲁士向南朝着要塞进军。这本该是德军的一场轻松胜利：此时的俄军实力已被削弱，德军在兵力上占据优势——投入12个步兵营和30门攻城炮，而俄军仅有500名守军，外加数百名民兵支援。从纸面实力看，德军的装备也更为精良，配备了上述火炮及毒气。
he fortress was bombarded first and badly damaged before the assault began. They also deployed their gas when the wind was favourable. Russian soldiers were not as well equipped as the western allies so they had no good defence against gas. The results were horrific as the gas caused chemical burns on the inside of the body when breathed in, destroying the lungs and causing soldiers to literally choke on their own blood, and cough out bits of their lungs. The gas also notably burned the eyes and caused tissue damage to the nose.
进攻开始前，要塞先遭到炮击，受损严重。随后，德军趁风向有利时投放了毒气。俄军的装备远不如西方盟国，因此缺乏有效的防毒手段。毒气造成的后果极为恐怖：士兵吸入后，体内会产生化学灼伤，肺部遭到破坏，最终活活呛血而死，甚至咳出肺组织碎片。此外，毒气还会灼伤眼睛，对鼻腔造成组织损伤。
The gas caused massive casualties in the first minutes. Those further away were able to get wet rags with water and urine but this was far from a reliable defence. Only 100 men in the rear of the core of the defence were able to survive this gas attack as entire companies were wiped out. Those who survived in the core of the defence, however, did not escape the effects of the gas and to say they were in rough shape would be putting it very mildly.
毒气在最初几分钟内就造成了大量伤亡。距离稍远的士兵设法用蘸了水或尿液的湿布捂住口鼻，但这根本算不上可靠的防护。防御核心区域的部队几乎全军覆没，仅有后方核心防御区的100名士兵在毒气袭击中幸存。然而，即便在核心防御区幸存下来的人，也未能逃脱毒气的影响——说他们状态糟糕，都已是极为委婉的说法。
Some German units moved to secure the railway while others formed up and began their attack to finish the Russians off. 7,000 men were sent believing only a few if any Russians were alive.
德军部分部队前去控制铁路，其余部队则集结起来，准备发起进攻以彻底消灭俄军。他们派了7000人，因为他们认为俄军即使有幸存者也是寥寥无几。
However, they came under fire from artillery and machine guns. Reserve companies had also lied in wait in the rear and counterattacked the German infantry with bayonets. The remaining 100 men from the trenches rose up, inspired by the reinforcements and despite the effects of the gas they stumbled and crawled forward like zombies with bloody faces as they coughed up blood and bits of their lungs. These men could barely breathe yet they pressed on, and to the Germans, it looked like these men rose from the dead.
但就在此时，他们遭到了俄军火炮和机枪的猛烈射击。后方待命的预备队也发起反击，用刺刀与德军步兵展开近战。战壕中仅剩的100名俄军士兵受到援军鼓舞，顶着毒气的剧痛，满脸是血、踉跄着向前爬行，宛如僵尸——他们不断咳血，甚至咳出肺组织碎片。这些士兵几乎无法呼吸，却仍在奋力推进。在德军眼中，他们仿佛是从死人堆里爬出来的怪物。
This scared the shit out of the Germans especially because these men seemed hell-bent on revenge. The Germans retreated in a panic so scared that they trampled each other and ran straight through their own barbed wire. They were pursued by fire as they went and suffered even more casualties.
这一场景让德军惊恐万分，尤其是这些俄军士兵似乎抱着复仇的决心不顾一切的冲锋。德军陷入恐慌，仓皇撤退，甚至互相踩踏，径直冲过了己方的铁丝网。撤退过程中，他们还遭到俄军的追击射击，伤亡进一步加剧。
By 11 AM a few hours after the gas attack the Russians had regained the forward trench positions and the German attack had been repelled. The German casualties are unknown but certainly heavy. The Russians suffered heavy losses as well and few escaped injury whether it was by the gas, or in the fighting during the counterattack.
上午11点，也就是毒气袭击发生几小时后，俄军重新夺回了前沿战壕阵地，德军的进攻被击退。德军的伤亡人数虽未明确，但无疑极为惨重。俄军同样损失巨大，几乎无人能全身而退——要么遭毒气伤害，要么在反击战中负伤。
"Most brutal" can be judged by scale, casualty rate, duration, or sheer ferocity. Several famous last stands compete depending on which metric you prioritize. Below are the strongest candidates, each described with context, scale, outcome, and why historians consider it exceptionally brutal.
“最惨烈”的评判标准可包括规模、伤亡率、持续时间或激烈程度。依据不同的评判标准，有几场著名的最后抵抗战役都颇具竞争力。以下是最有力的候选战役，每一场均结合背景、规模、结果及历史学家认为其异常惨烈的原因进行描述。
1. Thermopylae (480 BCE) 1. 温泉关战役（公元前480年）
- Context: Greek city-states vs. Persian invasion under Xerxes.
- 背景：希腊城邦对抗薛西斯一世率领的波斯入侵军。
- Force and scale: ~7,000 Greeks and allies (including 300 Spartans) held a narrow pass against a Persian army often estimated in the tens or hundreds of thousands (ancient sources exaggerate; modern estimates range 100,000+).
- 兵力与规模：约7000名希腊及盟军士兵（含300名斯巴达人）驻守狭窄关隘，抵御波斯大军——古代史料多有夸大，现代估算波斯军队人数超10万。
- Brutality: Hand-to-hand fighting in confined terrain; near-total annihilation of the rearguard after being outflanked. The defenders fought to the last man, executed in close combat, and their deaths had profound political and cultural resonance.
- 惨烈之处：狭窄地形下的白刃战；后卫部队遭迂回包抄后几乎全军覆没。守军战斗至最后一人，在近战中阵亡，他们的牺牲具有深远的政治与文化意义。
- Why notable: Iconic for moral, strategic sacrifice rather than highest casualty counts.
- 知名原因：并非因伤亡人数最多而闻名，而是以其道德层面的牺牲精神和战略意义成为标志性事件。
2. Custer's Last Stand — Little Bighorn (1876)
2. 小巨角河战役——卡斯特的最后抵抗（1876年）
- Context: 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Custer vs. combined Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho.
- 背景：乔治·卡斯特中校率领的第7骑兵团对阵拉科塔、北夏延和阿拉帕霍部落联军。
- Force and scale: ~210–265 U.S. soldiers vs. several thousand Native warriors. -
兵力与规模：约210-265名美军士兵对抗数千名印第安勇士。
- Brutality: Overwhelming, rapid slaughter of Custer's five companies; bodies reportedly mutilated in the aftermath. Intense close-quarter fighting and total defeat of a professional army contingent.
- 惨烈之处：卡斯特麾下5个连遭压倒性攻击，迅速被歼灭；据报道，士兵尸体在战后遭到肢解。战斗以激烈的近战为主，正规军部队全军覆没。
- Why notable: Complete destruction of the command element and vivid contemporary accounts of ferocity.
- 知名原因：指挥官核心部队被彻底摧毁，同时代对战役激烈程度的记载极为鲜活。
3. The Siege of Masada (73–74 CE) 3. 马萨达围城战（公元73-74年）
- Context: Jewish Sicarii rebels besieged by the Roman X Legion after the Jewish Revolt.
- 背景：犹太奋锐党叛军在犹太起义后，被罗马第十军团围困于马萨达要塞。
- Force and scale: ~967 defenders (according to Josephus) vs. several thousand Romans.
- 兵力与规模：据约瑟夫斯记载，约967名守军对抗数千名罗马士兵。
- Brutality: Romans built a siege ramp and breached the fortress; defenders are said to have committed mass suicide rather than surrender—an act viewed as brutal ethically and psychologically. If taken literally, the final scene is extreme in moral and human terms.
- 惨烈之处：罗马人修建攻城坡道并攻破要塞；据称守军为避免投降而集体自杀——这一行为在伦理和心理层面均堪称惨烈。若按字面记载，最终场景在道德和人性层面都极为极端。
- Why notable: The psychological brutality and absolute finality of the defenders' choice.
- 知名原因：守军选择所蕴含的心理创伤与绝对终结性。
4. Battle of the Alamo (1836) 4. 阿拉莫战役（1836年）
- Context: Texas revolutionaries defending an isolated mission against Mexican forces under Santa Anna.
- 背景：得克萨斯革命者驻守孤立的传教站，抵御圣安娜率领的墨西哥军队。
- Force and scale: ~180–250 defenders vs. 1,500–6,000 Mexican troops (estimates vary).
- 兵力与规模：约180-250名守军对抗1500-6000名墨西哥士兵（估算数字存在差异）。
- Brutality: After a protracted defense, Mexican forces stormed the mission and killed nearly all defenders. Contemporary reports emphasize execution-style killings rather than prisoner-taking.
- 惨烈之处：经过长时间防御后，墨西哥军队攻破传教站，几乎杀死了所有守军。同时代记载强调，守军遭处决式杀戮，而非被俘虏。
- Why notable: Symbolic last stand that became a rallying cry; the close combat and aftermath were ferocious and consequential. -
知名原因：标志性的最后抵抗，成为激励人心的战斗口号；近战及战后场景极为惨烈，影响深远。
5. The Fall of Hadrut / Bukrin (examples vary by region) — smaller, extremely brutal last stands 5.
哈德鲁特陷落/布克林战役（具体因地区而异）——规模较小但极为惨烈的最后抵抗
- Context: Numerous localized last stands in sieges or retreats (e.g., medi castle holds, colonial frontier battles) where defenders fought to death and were often massacred after surrender or capture.
-背景：围城或撤退过程中发生的多场局部性最后抵抗（如中世纪城堡防御战、殖民地边境战役），守军战斗至最后一刻，即便投降或被俘后也常遭屠杀。
- Force and scale: Small numbers (dozens to hundreds).
- 兵力与规模：人数较少（数十至数百人）。
- Brutality: Often involved massacres, mutilations, or post-battle executions; brutality is extreme on a human scale though not large in numbers.
- 惨烈之处：常伴随屠杀、肢解或战后处决；虽规模不大，但从个体层面看极为残忍。
- Why notable: Brutality concentrated and personal; historical records sometimes sparse but eyewitness accounts horrify.
- 知名原因：残忍程度集中且极具个体针对性；历史记载虽有时较为零散，但目击者描述令人毛骨悚然。
6. The Defense of Stalingrad (1942–43) — "last stands" within urban pockets
6. 斯大林格勒保卫战（1942-1943年）——城市据点中的“最后抵抗”
- Context: German Sixth Army encircled and fighting house-to-house against the Soviets.
- 背景：德国第六集团军被包围，与苏军展开逐屋争夺战。
- Force and scale: Hundreds of thousands engaged; many German formations fought isolated, effectively making multiple last stands.
- 兵力与规模：数十万人参战；许多德军部队陷入孤立，实际上进行了多次独立的最后抵抗。
- Brutality: Intense urban combat, starvation, frost, close-quarter violence, high civilian casualties, and eventual capitulation of encircled troops. Casualty numbers extremely high on both sides.
- 惨烈之处：激烈的城市巷战、饥饿、严寒、近距离厮杀、大量平民伤亡，最终被围部队投降。双方伤亡人数均极为庞大。
- Why notable: Brutality amplified by scale, environment, and attrition; not a single isolated last stand, but many simultaneous ones.
-知名原因：规模、环境和消耗战放大了战役的惨烈程度；并非单一孤立的最后抵抗，而是多场同时发生的殊死战斗。
7. The Charge of the Light Brigade (1854) 7. 轻骑兵冲锋（1854年）
- Context: Crimean War cavalry charge against Russian artillery. - 背景：克里米亚战争中，骑兵向俄军炮兵阵地发起冲锋。
- Force and scale: ~670 cavalrymen in the charge; catastrophic losses.
- 兵力与规模：约670名骑兵发起冲锋，伤亡惨重。
- Brutality: Mounted troops charged into concentrated artillery and infantry fire, suffering very high fatality and injury rates within minutes
. - 惨烈之处：骑兵冲入俄军密集的火炮与步兵火力网，几分钟内伤亡率极高。
- Why notable: Futility plus violent slaughter in open terrain—brutality compounded by command failure.
- 知名原因：冲锋本身毫无意义，加之开阔地形上的血腥屠杀——指挥失误更加剧了其惨烈性。 How to pick a single "most brutal" 如何选出唯一“最惨烈”的战役？
If "most brutal" means highest human cost across a campaign: Stalingrad and other WWII urban sieges exceed classical single-battle last stands in deaths and suffering. ·
若“最惨烈”指一场战役中的人员损失最大：斯大林格勒战役及其他二战城市围城战的死亡人数与苦难程度，超过了古典时期的单次最后抵抗战役。
If it means psychological brutality and symbolic finality: Masada or Thermopylae stand out. ·
若指心理层面的惨烈及象征意义上的终结性：马萨达围城战或温泉关战役最为突出。
If it means sudden, total annihilation of an isolated force in close combat: Little Bighorn, the Alamo, or the Light Brigade are leading contenders. ·
若指孤立部队在近战中突然被全歼：小巨角河战役、阿拉莫战役或轻骑兵冲锋是主要候选。
If it means concentrated physical brutality and mutilation: many frontier or colonial massacres (including some last stands) are contenders though often underdocumented or politically contested. ·
若指集中的肉体摧残与肢解：许多边境或殖民地屠杀事件（包括部分最后抵抗战役）均属候选，但这类事件往往记载不足或存在政治争议。 Conclusion (concise framing) 结论（简要概述）
No single event unambiguously holds the title "most brutal" because brutality can be measured in several incommensurable ways (scale, intensity per person, psychological horror, aftermath). Reasonable top candidates: Thermopylae (symbolic self-sacrifice), Little Bighorn and the Alamo (rapid annihilation and close-quarters slaughter), Masada (mass death by choice), and Stalingrad (industrial-scale, grinding brutality). Which is "most brutal" depends on the metric you prioritize. ·
由于“惨烈”可通过多种无法直接比较的维度（规模、人均激烈程度、心理恐惧、战后影响等）衡量，因此没有任何单一事件能毫无争议地获得“最惨烈”的头衔。合理的顶尖候选包括：温泉关战役（象征意义上的自我牺牲）、小巨角河战役与阿拉莫战役（快速全歼与近距离屠杀）、马萨达围城战（主动选择的大规模死亡）以及斯大林格勒战役（工业化规模的消耗型惨烈）。哪一场“最惨烈”，取决于你优先采用的评判标准。
James Frankcom · Follow BA (Hons) 1st Class in History, The Open University 5y
詹姆斯·弗兰克姆（James Frankcom）开放大学历史学荣誉学士学位
I have two candidates. The first would be the Battle of Hastings in 1066. After King Harold II of England was killed the shield wall of the remaining warriors was gradually destroyed by repeated attacks using archers, crossbows, cavalry and infantry. There had been about 10,000 men on the English side but after the death of Harold II many of them fled, but the soldiers of the royal household gathered around the late king's body and fought to the bitter end - all being eventually slain.
我有两个候选战役。第一个是1066年的黑斯廷斯战役。英格兰国王哈罗德二世阵亡后，剩余勇士组成的盾墙在诺曼军队的反复攻击下逐渐瓦解——诺曼军动用了弓箭手、弩手、骑兵和步兵。英格兰方面最初约有1万人参战，但哈罗德二世死后，许多人四散奔逃，唯有王室卫队士兵聚集在已故国王的遗体周围，战斗至最后一刻，最终全部阵亡。
The Normans began to pursue the fleeing troops, and except for a rearguard action at a site known as the "Malfosse", the battle was over.
诺曼人开始追击逃兵，除了在一处名为“恶沟”（Malfosse）的地点发生的后卫战外，战役基本结束。
Exactly what happened at the Malfosse, or "Evil Ditch", and where it took place, is unclear. It occurred at a small fortification or set of trenches where some Englishmen rallied before being defeated by the Normans. Some chronicle writers assert that William of Normandy set up his tent on the battlefield surrounded by thousands of bodies and forbade the burial of the English dead, leaving them to rot in the open for years.
“恶沟”事件的具体经过及发生地点至今不明。据记载，事件发生在一处小型防御工事或战壕群，一些英格兰人在此重新集结，最终被诺曼人击败。部分编年史家称，诺曼底的威廉在战场上搭起帐篷，周围遍布数千具尸体，他还下令禁止安葬英格兰阵亡者，任由尸体在野外腐烂数年。
The second example, on a larger scale, but no less significant, would be the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. In this battle the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II placed the ancient capital of the Eastern Roman Empire under a long siege. The defenders of the city consisted mainly of Greeks with the support of some Genoese and Venetian mercenaries. Presumably the Varangian guard also took part.
第二个候选战役规模更大，但重要性毫不逊色，那就是1453年的君士坦丁堡陷落。在这场战役中，奥斯曼帝国苏丹穆罕默德二世对东罗马帝国的古都发起了长期围攻。城市守军主要由希腊人组成，辅以部分热那亚和威尼斯雇佣兵，瓦兰吉卫队想必也参与了防御。
The city was resisting the siege until the Ottomans brought up a huge canon which devastated the ancient outer walls. A hole was blasted in one part of the wall, which collapsed, and the leader of the mercenaries was grieviously wounded. Panic began and the defenders were forced to abandon the whole outer wall and attempt to retreat to defend an inner defensive ring. The Turks and their auxilliaries poured through the breach and engaged the Byzantines in close combat.
起初，守军成功抵御了围攻，但奥斯曼军队调来一门巨型加农炮，摧毁了古老的外墙。城墙一处被炸开缺口并坍塌，雇佣兵领袖也受了重伤。守军陷入恐慌，被迫放弃整个外墙，试图后撤至内层防御圈固守。土耳其军队及其附庸部队从缺口涌入，与拜占庭军队展开近战。
The last Roman Emperor of the East, Constantine xi, is said to have removed his diadem and insgnia in an attempt to make himself less recognisable as he retreated but regardless he seems to have been caught up in the street fighting and killed alongside his bodyguards. His body was identified, it is claimed, by his distinctive imperial slippers. After the city's guards had been massacred the surviving mercenaries bailed out and the city was left to the fury of the Turks who then sacked the city.
据说，东罗马帝国末代皇帝君士坦丁十一世为避免被认出，摘下了皇冠和徽章后撤，但他最终还是卷入巷战，与贴身侍卫一同阵亡。据称，人们通过他那独具特色的帝国拖鞋认出了他的遗体。城市守卫被屠杀后，幸存的雇佣兵四散逃窜，城市陷入土耳其军队的怒火之中，遭到洗劫。
The Ottoman accounts say the sultan insisted the city was respected but I suspect a great many inhabitants were brutalised or murdered. Many of the survivors of rank had apparently hid inside the Agia Sophia Cathedral but the doors were soon forced open and the refugees therein taken away as slaves.
奥斯曼方面的记载称，苏丹曾下令尊重这座城市，但我推测，大量市民遭到虐待或杀害。许多身份较高的幸存者显然躲进了圣索菲亚大教堂，但教堂大门很快被攻破，里面的难民被掳为奴隶。 Joshua Millins History buff, Mostly a Warmonger and weapons enthusiast. 5y 约书亚·米林斯（Joshua Millins） 历史爱好者，痴迷战争史及武器 5年前
I'm going to nominate one that's by and large little known outside diehard French militants and those who appreciate the dedication to duty. The battle of Camaron. 65 French Foreign legionnaires faced off against a small detachment of the Mexican army of around 3,000 soldiers & cavalry. On April 30th, 1863.
我想提名一场战役，除了狂热的法国激进分子和推崇使命感的人之外，它在很大程度上鲜为人知——卡梅伦战役。1863年4月30日，65名法国外籍军团士兵遭遇了约3000人的墨西哥军队及骑兵小股部队。
A patrol of legionnaires lead by Captain Danjou volunteered to escort a supply convoy consisting of 3 million francs in gold bullion, siege artillery and ammunition.
当时，丹茹上尉（Captain Danjou）率领一支军团巡逻队自愿护送一支补给车队，其中包括价值300万法郎的金块、攻城炮及弹药。
The first engagement was early afternoon, 250 rancheros of Colonel Milan spotted the small unit. Colonel Milan needed the unexpected obstacle removed to avoid arousing suspicion and the plan to ambush the convoy. Committing 4 battalions of infantry and a Dragoon squadron.
午后早些时候，战斗首次爆发。米兰上校（Colonel Milan）麾下的250名牧场骑手发现了这支小部队。米兰上校需要清除这一意外障碍，以防计划暴露——他本打算伏击车队，于是投入了4个步兵营和1个龙骑兵中队。
Captain Danjou fell back hoping to lure the cavalry he had seen into the pursuit of himself instead of the convoy. Forming hollowed squares in immediate response to 2 separate cavalry charges, with a loss of 16 men in the retreat to capture.
丹茹上尉率军后撤，希望将他发现的骑兵引向自己，从而保护车队不被追击。面对两次骑兵冲锋，他立即下令部队组成空心方阵防御，在撤退过程中损失了16人。
Shortly after Danjou and his 48 men arrived at the Hacienda and taking it as a defensive stand, the captain took an oath with his men not to surrender and to fight on. Col. Milan arrived shortly after the taking of the Hacienda with his dragoons. With such odds Col. Milan sent a speaking party treating the horrendously outnumbered patrol to surrender. The response by the resolute Captain Danjou was terse and spirited "had plenty of ammunition and shall continue to fight". Within the hour the battle began in earnest.
不久后，丹茹带领剩余的48名士兵抵达一处 hacienda（大庄园），将其作为防御据点。上尉与士兵们宣誓，绝不投降，战斗到底。米兰上校率领龙骑兵很快赶到庄园外。面对如此悬殊的兵力差距，米兰上校派出使者劝降这支寡不敌众的巡逻队。意志坚定的丹茹上尉回应简洁而激昂：“我们弹药充足，将继续战斗。”不到一小时后，全面战斗爆发。
The first push by the Mexicans to take the Hacienda was repulsed with heavy casualties including Captain Danjou. Mexican infantry numbering between 1200–1400 soldiers arrived and Col. Milan again entreated them to surrender, the only response by a Sgt was 'Merde'(Shit).
墨西哥军队首次进攻庄园被击退，伤亡惨重，丹茹上尉也在战斗中阵亡。随后，1200-1400名墨西哥步兵抵达，米兰上校再次劝降。一名中士的回应只有一个词：“Merde”（法语，意为“该死”）。
The conditions were poor for the Patrol, no food, little water and low on ammunition, the third assault saw the command reduced to LT. Maudet and his 12 men in the stables. A third surrender was offered and refused. The Legionnaires without ammunition and the command further down to only 5 men mounted bayonets and lead a final charge.
巡逻队的处境极为艰难：没有食物，水源匮乏，弹药所剩无几。第三次进攻后，指挥官仅剩下莫代中尉（LT. Maudet）和他手下12名士兵，退守在马厩中。对方第三次提出投降，仍遭拒绝。弹药耗尽后，军团士兵仅剩5人，他们上起刺刀，发起了最后的冲锋。
A Mexican major called for a ceasefire. Of the 5 soldiers, only 3 survived this last attack, LT.Maudet was wounded and only 2 soldiers remained. In the spirit of their oath to Captain Danjou, they would only surrender if permitted to keep their arms and equipment with provisional care of LT.Maudet. When brought before Colonel Milan he is reported to have said "Is this all of them? Is this all of the men who are left?" Followed immediately by, "These are not men! They are demons!"
一名墨西哥少校下令停火。5名士兵中，仅有3人在最后这次冲锋中幸存——莫代中尉负伤，最终只剩2名士兵保持战斗力。为遵守对丹茹上尉的誓言，他们提出的投降条件是：允许保留武器装备，并为莫代中尉提供临时医疗护理。当他们被带到米兰上校面前时，据称上校说道：“就这些人吗？剩下的就只有他们了？”紧接着又说：“他们不是人！是魔鬼！”
The French Foreign Legion bears a day of honour April 30th is Camerone Day and a Prized relic of the Legion is the wooden prosthesis of Captain Danjou Recovered a few years after in the fields around Cameron which is considered a high honour to bear this piece of history upon it's day.
法国外籍军团将4月30日定为“卡梅伦日”，作为荣誉纪念日。军团最珍贵的遗物之一，是数年后在卡梅伦战场附近找到的丹茹上尉的木制假腿——在纪念日当天，护送这件历史遗物被视为至高荣誉。 Anthony Thompson · Follow Lives in Saginaw, MI 5y 安东尼·汤普森（Anthony Thompson） 关注 现居密歇根州萨吉诺 5年前
The Battle of the Alamo Mission. A majority of Americans should have at least heard of this battle. This is the famous final battle of the folkheros Davy Crockett and James Bowie. A part of the Texan Revolution, this battle highlights American stubbornness in the face of danger. A group of ~200 (Between 185 and 260, the numbers are still debated) US colonists, frontiersmen, and Texan revolutionaries stood their ground against of force of 1800Mexican regulars.
阿拉莫传教站战役（Battle of the Alamo Mission）。大多数美国人至少应该听说过这场战役。这是民间英雄戴夫·克罗基特（Davy Crockett）和詹姆斯·鲍伊（James Bowie）的最后一战。作为得克萨斯革命的一部分，这场战役彰显了美国人面对危险时的顽强不屈。约200名（具体人数在185至260之间，至今仍有争议）美国殖民者、边疆居民和得克萨斯革命者坚守阵地，对抗1800名墨西哥正规军。
I'll skimp over the battle and get right to the results as they speak for themselves. After a 13 day long siege,the Mexican regulars lost between 400 and 600 men (injury and death), meanwhile only only 50 Americans lived to tell the tale with only 3 escaping unharmed (2 of which only because they held a Mexican officer hostage).
我简要略过战斗过程，直接说结果——结果本身就足以说明一切。经过13天的围攻，墨西哥正规军伤亡400至600人（含死伤），而幸存的美国人仅50人，其中仅有3人未受重伤（其中2人因挟持了一名墨西哥军官才得以脱身）。
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