印度为何无法与中国竞争？

@nandakumarthyagarajan1387
Our basic problems are as follows: 1.Corruption - central and state govt project 30-50% commission goes to politicians, bureaucrats etc. With inferior service and product.
2. No strong judicial system against Corrupted people. Prolong case pending in high court and supreme court. 90% of the judges are corrupted. No transparency.
3.our country is a agricultural country still we import Dhal, edible oil etc. First we have to give preference to food self sustain then we go for manufacturing industries for foreign companies.
4.our water system already contaminated like river, ponds and ground water are not portable. We have to do RO before drinking ground and river water. First we have live in health environment to lead healthy life. Every thing is polluted.
Who is going to save india from corrupted rules?. ��������‍♂️

我们的基本问题如下：
1.腐败--中央政府和州政府项目的30-50%的佣金都给了政客、官僚等，得到的服务和产品的质量低劣。
2.没有强有力的司法系统来打击腐败分子，高级法院和最高法院的案件长期悬而未决。90% 的法官腐败。没有透明度。
3.我国是一个农业国，但我们仍然进口豆渣、食用油等。首先，我们必须优先考虑食品自给自足，然后再为外国公司发展制造业。
4.我们的供水系统已经受到污染，如河水、池塘水和地下水。在饮用地下水和河水之前，我们必须进行反渗透处理。首先，我们必须生活在健康的环境中，才能过上健康的生活。现在所有的东西都被污染了。
谁来把印度从腐败的规则中拯救出来？

@eishankgupta
We are not investing in basics which may not be fancy but essential for long term growth:
1) Education reform - have better teacher, infrastructure, make it a right.
2) judiciary reform - have more judge and courts, fair system for sextion of judge
3) election reform - have min education mandate to become a minister or have a voting right.
4) tax reform - increase the reach of taxpayers, decrease the quantum per life
Other things are ongoing improvement but having basis right would catalyse the entire process.

我们没有投资于基础领域，这些领域可能并不花哨，但却是长期发展所必需的：
1）教育改革--配备更好的教师、基础设施，使教育成为一种权利。
2) 司法改革--增加法官和法院，建立公平的法官遴选制度。
3) 选举改革--要想成为部长或拥有投票权，必须接受最低限度的教育。
4) 税收改革--扩大纳税人范围，降低人均税额。
其他方面正在不断改进，但拥有基础权利将推动整个进程。

@venkateshgupta7651
The land acquisition is a big problem. That is correct. But if government compensates rightly the landowners will agree to sell. Also if the government thinks this is blocking them to move fast . Why can’t they acquire land in advance and keep it ready for new projects. It is just the will that is missing . Every tier 2 city should be allocated some land for this cause . And improve skills in that area to attract investments. A database can be maintained on the available land bank , skills in a specific area and cost . So it is easy for a company to decide where to setup the facility . With so many IAS officers in government I don’t think this is difficult thing to solve

土地征用是个大问题。没错，但如果政府给予适当补偿，土地所有者就会同意出售。另外，如果政府认为这阻碍了他们的快速发展，为什么他们不能提前获得土地并为新项目做好准备呢？只是缺少意愿而已。每个二线城市都应为此分配一些土地，并提高该领域的技能以吸引投资。可以建立一个数据库，记录可用的土地储备、特定领域的技能和成本。这样，公司就很容易决定在哪里建立工厂。政府中有这么多行政官员，我认为这并不难解决。

@ramasailaja6759
Make in india means setting up factories and it takes time to make factories. Things are set in motion so a mirace wont happen in 9 yrs. A little patience will get results. Even China took 20 ys to come to the place it is. Remember that many countries in world are under recession. Plz dont spread half baked stories.

印度制造意味着建立工厂，而建立工厂需要时间。一切都在进行中，所以奇迹不会在9年内出现，稍有耐心就会有结果。即使是中国，也用了 20 年才取得今天的成就。请记住，世界上许多国家都处于经济衰退之中，请不要传播不成熟的故事。

@NishantNagpure-z9v
It took me 6 months for Consent to Establish and 4 months to Consent to Operate for even my company comes in GREEN INDUSTRY CATEGORY for pollution clearance of cold storage. And took me 14 months of building plan submission and resubmission with other goverment certificates. This all happened after taking project loan from bank, which also took almost 6 months to get and I have to pay double the Intrest with all other fines to bank after moratorium period was over.

我花了6个月的时间获得“设立同意书”，花了4个月的时间获得“运营同意书”，即使我的公司属于“绿色工业”类别，也需要进行冷库污染清除。我还花了14个月的时间提交建筑计划和重新提交其他政府证书。这一切都发生在从银行获得项目贷款之后，而获得贷款也花了近6个月的时间，而且在暂停期结束后，我还必须向银行支付双倍的利息和所有其他罚款。

@myhonestcomments
Dirty politics is one of the main causes. One political party tries to stifle the progressive steps taken by another.
A cargo airport near Solapur (Maharashtra) has been kept by BJP on hold since years on the excuse of environmental clearance, just because it's an opposition initiative. This cargo airport would have facilitated exports from Pune, Hyderabad, and Bengaluru equally.
What's the environment issue? Just a bunch of trees! Otherwise, all land acquisition is done. Flights can start within months after getting clearance.

肮脏的政治博弈正是主要的祸根之一，某个政党总是处心积虑地扼杀其他政党推出的进步举措。
马哈拉施特拉邦索拉普尔附近的货运机场项目就是明证——明明所有的征地工作都已完成，却因为这是反对党提出的倡议，人民党就打着环境审批的幌子将其搁置数年之久。这个机场本可同等带动浦那、海得拉巴和班加罗尔的出口贸易。
所谓的环境问题究竟有多严重？不过是要砍伐一片树林而已！只要获得批准，数月之内就能开启航班运输。

@kaustav197
I being an Environment Engineer would support Ganesh in saying Environment Clearance is major hindrance for Projects. The Forest Clearance procedure is so old and unthoughtful that literally any company would pray not to get such a clearance headache. Why on earth should a barren land once a forest 20 30 years back be considered a forest in 2022 too... And take 3 to 4 year forest clearance. I mean this is ridiculous.

身为环境工程师，我完全同意加内什的观点：环境审批确实是项目推进的主要障碍。现行的森林审批程序不仅陈旧过时，更缺乏周密的考量，简直让所有企业都祈祷千万别碰上这种审批难题。
凭什么一片二三十年前曾是森林、如今早已荒芜的土地，到了2022年还要被认定为森林？更何况审批流程竟要耗费三四年时间，说真的，这简直荒谬到令人难以置信。

@venky2k11sap
Exports increased more than double , imports reduced by 3% … I would say Make in India is a success. It might have not achieved the numbers it initially talked about , but as a NRI I can say it’s a significant boost to India’s image. How do you put a value on this ?

出口额增长超过一倍，进口额还减少了百分之三……要我说，"印度制造"战略确实取得了成功。虽然可能没有达到最初设定的目标数字，但作为一名海外印度裔，我敢说这对印度国家形象的提升可是巨大的。这种无形资产的价值又该怎么衡量呢？

@NewGlobalOrder
Trump has already got a department for government efficiency. What’s stopping bjp from getting this in India from last 10 years? Initially bjp ranted about good governance but then just forgot about it. Every Nagarpalika and Mamlatdaar office needs a customer service department to help our vast illiterate citizens with their paperwork. This all should be streamlined like an MNC’s customer service. Need customer setup/support teams specifically for businesses at district levels. It will create employment and help new investors to fast track red tape paperwork and regulatory compliance.

特朗普早就设立了政府效能优化部门。印度人民党这十年来到底在犹豫什么？当初他们大谈善治，后来却完全抛诸脑后。每个市政办公室和基层行政机构都应该设立便民服务部门，帮助众多不识字的市民处理文书工作。整套流程应该像跨国企业的客户服务那样高效规范。还需要在地区层级专门为企业设立客户支持团队。这不仅能创造就业机会，还能帮助新投资者快速搞定繁文缛节和合规流程。

@antojose6902
Good education means better skilled youngsters India needs India people are unskilled in the college the book needs to upxe and give them more manufacturing learning how to make that products so they make it better 2k students never give up work for your future work hard to build a industrial India in coming years India can do it first learn it then do it India can do it you can land in moon then this also work India������ great peoples world

优质教育意味着印度需要更多高技能的青年。当前我国的大学生普遍缺乏实践技能，教材体系亟需更新，应当加强制造业实操教学——让学生真正掌握产品的制造技艺，从而提升产品的质量。两千学子们绝不能放弃，要为自己的未来拼搏奋斗，努力在未来数年建设一个工业化的印度。我们完全有能力做到：先掌握知识，再付诸实践。既然我们能成功登月，这等工业振兴之事必然也能攻克。印度人民堪称世界上最伟大的群体之一。

@Borahaeegirlsince2016
Tbh i wouldn't say Make In India is a failure to a large extent, when we look back at the indian economy 10yrs back and today, it has fuelled the economic growth of the backward population to quite a large extent. The initiative has created a sense of responsibility and risk taking attitude, which is great however the problematic root cause lies in our education system, governance, judiciary system and economic management. I genuinely believe that if we can improvise the quality of educational system of our country, it can solve a major chunk of issues faced by our country!

说实话，我认为"印度制造"战略在很大程度上并非失败之举。回望过去十年我国的经济历程，该计划确实显著推动了落后群体的经济增长。这项倡议培育了民众的责任意识与冒险精神，这固然值得称道，但根本的症结仍存在于我们的教育体系、治理能力、司法制度和经济管理之中。我深信，若能切实提升国家教育体系的质量，必将化解我国面临的诸多重大挑战。

@arjunv
One other major factor for it's failure is that during the initial phase, the manufacturing industry's output needs to be used internally. Since private companies or the general public may not be able to risk of using a product of new company (like micromax, lava), government can. That's why Make in India products were prioritised in Government tenders.
Sadly what happened is that all the international companies understood that to bypass this all they have to do is to rent an apartment in india, put one support guy and then call it Make in Indian.
Rigorous checking and instead of a company calling itself Make-in-India, government should be giving certifications at various levels. And priority should be given for the most Make-in-India product.

另一个关键的败因在于：制造业初期产能必须靠内需消化。毕竟私营企业和普通民众不敢冒险采用新公司（比如Micromax、Lava）的产品，但政府敢担这个风险，所以政府采购订单会优先考虑"印度制造"的产品。
可惜后来国际企业都摸透了门道——他们只要在印度租间公寓、派个技术支持人员，就敢号称是"印度制造"了。
真正需要的是严格的审核机制！不应该让企业自封"印度制造"，而应该由政府设立分级认证体系。最关键的是：扶持政策应该向本土化程度最高的产品倾斜。

@darshlimbasia2253
We can't say that it's a failure in just time span of 10 years bro
China is dictatorship and they took very bif economic reforms but they were patient and optimistic about growth that it won't happen in mere 10 years they also took 45 - 50 years of continuous growth
What we are doing is slow but very positive growth
Need to resolve many issues but it isn't thay "IT'S A FAILURE"

老兄，才十年时间真的不能说这项计划失败了。中国走的是Z制路线，他们当年推行重大经济改革时特别沉得住气，明白经济的增长不可能一蹴而就——人家可是持续发展了四五十年才达到今天的成就。我们现在的发展速度虽慢，但势头非常健康。虽然确实有很多问题需要解决，但绝对谈不上"彻底失败"！

@mohammedrazaesmail6934
The problem with Tesla can be seen when Tesla dealt with China. Elon Musk ask for the same import benefits so they can test the market for just a short period, and once they saw the market is good they opened a manufacturing plant that become their primary export hub and now they are even opening multiple other types of factories such as the mega pack factory. Teslas entry in the Chinese market has also forced local car manufactures in China to innovate as quickly as possible and to speed up their manufacturing and become more aggressive.
In india however, its either
1)The oligarchs such as TaTa and Mahindra are trying to prevent Tesla from entering which is why they are pressing the government not to even allow Tesla to test their market through tax breaks. Or.
2) The government knows that the market for EVs is tiny and if they allow Tesla to test demand and if they see that demand is very low, not only will Tesla not invest in the country but other car makers will shy out of investing in India.

特斯拉在中国市场的经历就充分暴露了这个问题。当初埃隆·马斯克提出要享受同等的进口优惠待遇只是为了先短期试水中国市场；等他们发现市场反响不错后，立马就建起了制造工厂，如今这个工厂更成了他们的主要出口枢纽。现在他们甚至还在中国陆续开设了其他类型的工厂，比如巨型电池包工厂。特斯拉进入中国市场之后，还逼得本土汽车制造商不得不加速创新、加快生产节奏，竞争策略也变得更加激进。
然而在印度，情况却完全不同，无非有两种可能：
第一，像塔塔和马恒达这样的寡头企业千方百计阻挠特斯拉进入，他们甚至向政府施压，连通过税收优惠让特斯拉试水市场都不允许；
第二，印度政府心知肚明电动汽车市场目前的规模太小，如果允许特斯拉测试市场需求，而结果需求非常低迷的话，不仅特斯拉不会在印度投资，其他汽车制造商也会对印度市场望而却步。

@kamaldeoprasad5886
It's wrong in order to develop world class infrastructure and materials, acceptable world class level, you need to hire or build that structure, and need to do re-engineering, as Chinese did in past. Till we develop our capability, India to import those technology and materials. Just rethink

这种想法可不对啊。要想发展世界级的基础设施和材料，达到国际认可的水平，咱们就得聘请专业的团队或是自主建造这些结构，还得像中国过去那样进行逆向工程攻关。在培育出我们自己的技术能力之前，印度确实需要先引进这些技术和材料。大家不妨好好反思一下这个发展路径。

@kesavaannadevara4126
Folks, Development is a continuous process. It was doing well from 1947 with it's size and diversity in a democratic set up. Even then we could become one in top 5/6 technical superior powers of the world. We are now growing fast because we have good foundation for rapid growth.

各位要知道，发展本就是个持续不断的过程。自1947年独立以来，印度凭借其庞大的体量、多元化的国情以及民主体制，其实发展得相当不错。即便在这样的背景下，我们依然能跻身世界第五、第六技术强国之列。如今发展速度加快，正是因为我们早已奠定了快速崛起的坚实基础。

@mohdm.sheikh5051
The imports are increasing because most of the indian made products are not cheaper or better. Many imported things are of a high quality and many times cheaper than indian made. I myself tried exporting our textile to foreign countries but Big consumers like Europe and Canada have better quality fabrics than indian manufacturers for much better price then in india. So no demand because we provide most of the time no eyecatching products that meets their qualities.

进口量持续增长，说到底还是因为印度本土的产品既不够实惠又不够优质。许多进口商品质量上乘，价格反倒比印度制造的便宜不少。我自己就尝试过把本国的纺织品出口到国外，但像欧洲和加拿大这样的大客户，人家能用更划算的价格买到比印度厂商更优质的布料。所以说到底还是需求不足——我们提供的产品大多不够亮眼，根本达不到人家的质量标准。
@陈政威

The caste system and a weak central government are the most important problems to be solved. Class discrimination in India makes it impossible for the government to effectively use every people. When India became independent, it did not establish the country by force as China did. When it was founded, too many "elites" who received foreign education returned to the country to rule. Most local leaders who had cooperated with the British during the British colonial period directly became government officials, who only thought about their own rights and wealth. This led to India being formed by a group of small kingdoms. The central government could not issue its own decrees better. It is hard to imagine that today, when science was known in 2024, people's lives would be better, It is unbelievable that many people in India still go to temples to pray that they will become richer in this or the next life

种姓制度和中央政府的软弱无力才是最亟待解决的症结。印度的阶级歧视导致政府根本无法有效调动每个人的力量。当年独立之时，印度不像中国那样通过强力手段完成建国大业。建国初期，有太多受过外国教育的"精英"回国掌权，那些曾在英国殖民时期与殖民者合作的地方领袖直接摇身一变成为政府官员，这些人满脑子只顾着自己的特权与财富。这就导致印度实质上是由一群小王国拼凑而成，中央的政令根本无法顺畅推行。最令人难以置信的是在2024年的科学时代，居然还有那么多印度人跑去寺庙祈祷今世来生能变得更富裕——明明科技进步本该让人民生活得更好才对。