“印度制造”为何惨败 - 美国公司像躲避瘟疫一样避开印度

 
@USDINRWALLAH
Our foreign client come to India and when they see poor traffic, pollution lack of civil sense they said terrific how can someone will live here. Our Image in global are badly affected due to these factors. Forgot huge FDI, untill we improve ourselves. We are losing to east asian countries, that's sad reality
 
我们的外国客户来到印度，当他们看到糟糕的交通、污染、缺乏公民意识时，他们会说太可怕了，怎么会有人愿意住在这里，这些因素严重影响了我们在全球的形象。在我们改善自己之前，忘了大量的外国直接投资吧。我们正在输给东亚国家，这是可悲的现实。
 
@NivedithaSunderraj
I am an ex-employee of Tesla and I work in supply chain. I can tell you the tarriffs to import a Tesla would be close to 2x what it would cost to manufacture. The charging infrastructure had a lot of red tape to set up in India. This is needed before manufacturing is set up in India. I can attest for the fact taht Tesla was actively working on selling in India which they needed to do before manufacturing. However, I'm not sure it exists still because the government did NOTHING to push EVs as a market. There are no subsidies, no charging infrastructure. It's super disappointing.
 
我是特斯拉的前员工，我之前在供应链部门工作。我可以告诉你，进口一辆特斯拉的关税将接近制造成本的2倍，而在印度建立充电基础设施有很多繁文缛节，所以这需要在印度建立生产基地。我可以证明特斯拉正在印度积极开展销售工作，这也是他们在生产之前需要做的。但是，我不确定它是否还存在，因为印度政府根本没有推动电动汽车市场的发展。没有补贴，没有充电基础设施，这太令人失望了。
 
@jayminpatel4267
Rome didn't built in 10 years, so its early to say Make in India failed
 
罗马不是10年建成的，所以说印度制造失败还为时尚早。
 
@magicsaint
You are comparing something in 700 BC to today with so many technological advances to grow at record speeds?
 
你在拿公元前700年的东西和今天有这么多技术进步，以创纪录的速度发展的东西做比较？
 
@tejalakshman9912
Agree..we only need to look if we are going in the right direction..things go very slow in a democracy
 
同意......我们只需要看看我们的方向是否正确。在民主国家，事情的进展非常缓慢。
 
@jayeshthanmaljain1815
Everything is so relatable. We were planning to setup a manufacturing plant in Wada maharashtra. However, Every process was so painful. First find a land, then make sure its not disputed. For making it non agricultural Land get clearance from many many authorities. Everyone had their prices. So if you buy 5 acres land, it will cost around 50 to 60 lakhs for their clearances alone. Even after all this you have to go so many places get so many signatures approvals etc. This takes around 2 years to only get the NA. Then u start your factory setup getting machines and everything, by the time we start the factory it takes upto 3 to 4 long years MINIMUM. so whatever you invest you have lost that much in interest alone. Before you start the factory you are in major losses. How do you even sustain that. Also, I your land is claimed by an adivasi after such painstakingly long process you have to vacate it. WOW! Why would I even consider digging my own grace?
 
一切都如此贴切。我们计划在马哈拉施特拉邦建立一家制造工厂。然而，每个过程都非常痛苦。首先你要找到一块土地，然后确保它没有争议。为了使其成为非农用地，要从许多部门获得许可，每个人都有自己的要价。因此，如果你买了5英亩的土地，光是他们的审批就需要花费大约50到60万。即使在这之后，你还必须去很多地方获得很多签字批准等，仅获得批准就需要2年左右的时间。然后，你开始建立工厂，购买机器和其他一切，到我们开始建厂的时候，最少需要3到4年的时间。还没开始建厂，你就已经损失惨重了，这怎么能维持下去？此外，如果你的土地在经过如此漫长的过程后被阿迪瓦西人（adivasi）认领，你就必须腾出土地。哇！我怎么会考虑自掘坟墓呢？
 
@magicsaint
I also have a land in Wada and it has taken almost over 2 years just to get demarkation. This whole ease of doing business in a complete farce unless you are a multinational company. There are no incentives for common folks to start a business. Imagine years of your life just gone due to level of hurdles and bureaucracy.
 
我在Wada也有一块地，光是申请划界就花了将近两年多的时间。除非你是一家跨国公司，否则整个经商环境的便利度就是一场闹剧。没有任何激励措施鼓励普通人创业。试想一下，由于层层关卡和官僚作风，你几年的时间就这么没了。
 
@lainfonet
The construction of Tesla’s Gigafactory Shanghai is regarded as a modern industrial marvel due to its rapid building pace and efficient timeline. Here is a timeline of the factory's construction process:
1. Early 2018: Tesla’s Plans for a Factory in China
To expand production in the world’s largest electric vehicle market, China, Tesla began considering a factory in the country in early 2018, choosing Shanghai as the ideal location.
2. July 2018: Investment Agreement Signed
Tesla signed a cooperation agreement with the Shanghai government, planning to invest $2 billion to build the Shanghai Gigafactory, aiming to produce electric vehicles to meet Chinese market demand. Elon Musk indicated that the factory would integrate manufacturing, battery production, and R&D.
3. October 2018: Land Acquisition
In October 2018, Tesla successfully secured 860 acres of industrial land in the Lingang area of Shanghai through a public bidding process, initiating the planning of the factory layout.
4. December 2018: Factory Design Completed
Preliminary design plans for the factory were completed by late 2018, setting the foundation for the upcoming construction work. These plans included key production areas, such as workshops and battery assembly lines.
5. January 2019: Official Groundbreaking
On January 7, 2019, Tesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory officially broke ground, becoming the first large-scale automobile manufacturing project fully owned by a foreign company in China. Construction moved rapidly, with the foundation and main building completed in just a few months.
6. August 2019: Factory Structure Completed
By August 2019, the main factory structure was completed, and the installation of equipment and interior finishing began. Tesla adopted a modular construction method, greatly reducing the construction timeline.
7. October 2019: Completion and Test Production Begins
In October 2019, the factory was completed, and equipment was tested. The first trial-production vehicles rolled off the line, validating the smoothness of production processes and quality control.
8. December 2019: Official Production
On December 30, 2019, Tesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory officially began production of the Model 3, with the first orders for the Chinese market delivered within weeks. At this time, the factory’s design capacity was 150,000 vehicles per year, which was gradually expanded to meet growing demand.
9. 2020: Further Expansion
In 2020, Tesla began the Gigafactory's expansion project to increase production for the Model Y. With this expansion, the factory’s annual capacity increased further, making it a crucial production base for Tesla in the Asian market.
From agreement signing to production, Tesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory was completed in just over a year.
 
特斯拉上海超级工厂的建设速度之快、时间安排之高效，堪称现代工业的奇迹。以下是工厂建设过程的时间表：
1. 2018年初：特斯拉考虑在中国建厂的计划
为了在全球最大的电动汽车市场--中国扩大生产，特斯拉于2018年初开始考虑在中国建厂，并将上海选为理想地点。
2. 2018年7月 签署投资协议
特斯拉与上海市政府签署合作协议，计划投资20亿美元建设上海超级工厂，旨在生产满足中国市场需求的电动汽车。埃隆-马斯克表示，该工厂将集制造、电池生产和研发于一体。
3. 2018年10月 土地收购
2018年10月，特斯拉通过公开招标，成功获得上海临港地区860亩工业用地，启动工厂布局规划。
4. 2018年12月 工厂设计完成
2018年底，工厂的初步设计方案已经完成，为接下来的建设工作奠定了基础，这些规划包括车间和电池装配线等关键生产区域。
5. 2019年1月：正式破土动工
2019年1月7日，特斯拉上海超级工厂正式破土动工，成为中国首个外资企业全资拥有的大型汽车制造项目。工程进展迅速，仅用几个月时间就完成了地基和主体建筑的建设。
6. 2019年8月：工厂结构完工
到2019年8月，工厂主体结构完工，开始设备安装和内部装修。特斯拉采用模块化施工方法，大大缩短了施工时间。
7. 2019年10月：竣工并开始试生产
2019年10月，工厂竣工，设备测试完毕。首批试生产车辆下线，验证了生产流程和质量控制的顺畅性。
8. 2019年12月：正式生产
2019年12月30日，特斯拉上海超级工厂正式开始生产Model 3，面向中国市场的首批订单在数周内交付。此时，工厂的设计产能为每年15万辆并逐步扩大，以满足日益增长的需求。
9. 2020: 进一步扩张
2020年，特斯拉开始了超级工厂的扩建项目以增加Model Y的产量。扩建后，工厂的年产能进一步提高，成为特斯拉在亚洲市场的重要生产基地。
从协议签署到投产，特斯拉上海超级工厂仅用了一年多的时间。
 
@lainfonet
When they learn about China's efficiency, do Indians still believe that India will catch up with China in 15 to 20 years?
 
当印度人了解到中国的效率时，他们是否还相信印度会在15到20年内赶上中国？
 
@siddhantoswal6183
The high imports are because of purchasing raw materials from other countries. We have started manufacturing a few good products in India, but all the raw material is still sourced from other countries. We need better supply chain of raw material and basic parts that make up the whole product step by step.
 
进口量大是因为要从其他国家购买原材料。我们已经开始在印度生产一些好产品，但所有的原材料仍然来自其他国家。我们需要更好的原材料和基本部件供应链，这些原材料和基本部件将逐步构成整个产品。
 
@AmanKumar-yj5od
here is the solution for land acquisition in india
- central government should buy and acquire land in every district in advance for potential business to a such extent that even a steel plant can be setup in every states district
- by doing this there will be no motive for political ,enviromental concerns at a specific time when a potential corporate buyer wants to buy a land because these issues would have already been resolved .
- this a great task but without this in disorganized easily radicalised indian democracy nothing will gonna work in efficient manner.
 
以下是印度土地征用的解决方案： 
- 中央政府应提前购买和征用每个邦的土地以开展潜在业务，甚至可以在每个邦建立一家钢铁厂。
- 这样一来，当潜在的企业买家想要购买土地时，就不会再有政治、环境方面的顾虑，因为这些问题都已经解决了。
- 这是一项伟大的任务，在无组织、易激进的印度民主中，如果没有这项任务，一切都将无法有效运作。
 
@DuckDuckgo047
And the reason for FDI decline is India doesn't accept FDI from China, if allowed it would eat up all other things in India and also india cancelled 80% of its FTA which are signed during congress era and hurting India more than helping India. Sometimes i feel, think schools content is under researched when it comes to topics which involves deep understanding of geopolitics.
 
外商直接投资下降的原因是印度不接受来自中国的外商直接投资，如果允许的话，中国的外商直接投资将吞噬印度的其他一切，此外，印度取消了80%在国大党时期签署的自由贸易协定，这对印度的伤害大于帮助。有时我觉得当涉及到对地缘政治有深刻理解的话题时，学校教授的内容研究不足。
 
@peacelover2008
before you make fun of said think schools didn't make a good research, you should did a good research first. you said the decline of FDI, because of China, that is totally nonsense, China already realized invest in India will got noting back, because of the Indian punishment for no reason. there will be less and less Chinese company like to invest in Indian no matter Indian government allowed or not. the decline of FDI is actually from other countries. and the big percentage of it you know from which countries ? from Singapore, not from U.S. or EU. Those west countries also move their money away from Indian, because they got the same no reason punishment like Chinese companies.
 
你说外国直接投资下降是因为中国，这完全是无稽之谈，中国已经意识到在印度投资不会得到任何回报，因为印度无缘无故的惩罚。不管印度政府是否允许，愿意在印度投资的中国公司会越来越少。外国直接投资的下降实际上来自其他国家。你知道其中很大一部分来自哪些国家吗？来自新加坡，而不是美国或欧盟。那些西方国家也将他们的资金从印度转移出去，因为他们和中国公司一样受到了同样无缘无故的惩罚。
 
@abrahamkurien543
I have got full clearance in Tamilnadu within 24 months
1) 50% of the problem is corruption.During my 24 months I met  only one official who did not take ₹ and cleared the proposal in about 2 months
2) Even to buy a house building plot is scary because even after 40 years somebody will file a case that his grandfather had three children and not two as per records . You could loose the land bought with hard earned.
3) Layouts . The layouts are preparing with narrow minded interests because of corruption and then when you want to start a project you will find a road through the middle of your property.
5) Forethought. Bangalore is planning a peripheral road . In my opinion opinion it should have been a 4 lane road both ways with two lanes services roads on both side . They are  planning about 50% requirements. The result, before the road is completed they will start widening and damaged the new Peripheral road.
Bangalore to Chennai road is an example
I can go on just given a few examples.
 
我在24个月内在泰米尔纳德邦获得了完全许可。 
1）50%的问题是腐败。在我的24个月中，我只遇到过一个不受贿的官员，他在大约2个月内就批准了提案。
2）即使是购买建房地块也很可怕，因为即使过了40年，也会有人提起诉讼，说他的祖父有三个孩子而不是记录中的两个，您可能会失去辛苦挣来的土地。
3）规划布局。由于腐败问题，在规划布局时会考虑到狭隘的利益，当你想开始一个项目时，你会发现一条路从你的房产中间穿过。
5）深思熟虑。班加罗尔正在规划一条外围道路。在我看来，它应该是一条双向四车道的道路，两侧是双车道的辅路，但他们的规划只有需求的50%。结果，在道路完工之前，他们就开始拓宽和损坏新的外围道路。
班加罗尔至钦奈公路就是一个例子。
我可以继续举几个例子。
 
@subhrashisnanda3054
You need to learn to crawl before you can walk and learn to walk before you can run. China started manufacturing at large scale in 1979 we started in 2014. You can't compete with a decade experience with someone who has half a century's experience. We need to support the make in india initiative and irrespective of our standing in the political spectrum should support the good work of the government. If we keep working at this rate and continue with course correction in 20 years we will be the manufacturing hub of the world. Jai Hind
 
先学爬再学走，先学走再学跑。中国从 1979 年开始大规模制造，而我们从 2014 年才开始。你不可能用十年的经验与拥有半个世纪经验的人竞争。我们需要支持“印度制造”计划，无论我们的政治立场如何，都应支持政府的良好工作。如果我们继续以这样的速度开展工作并不断修正方向，20年后我们将成为世界制造业中心。印度万岁。
 
@sunilj10
Indias priority is not bullet train… it should safety and more mass transport trains. Environment and social justice is most important, it cannot be sacrificed on the altar of monopolistic entities.
 
印度的当务之急不是子弹头列车......而是安全和更多的大众交通工具。环境和社会公正是最重要的，不能在垄断实体的祭坛上牺牲环境和社会公正。
 
@ITObserver
1. All new contracts firm overseas have large portion that needs to be made in India.
2. FDI is at its highest.
3. Growth is the highest in the world
4. Infrastructure is at its highest
5. India’s GDP is the 5th largest currently risen from 10th in just 10-15 yrs.
6. Silicon chip industry growing
India is the envy of the world.
India’s skilled youth is highest in the world.
Challenges:
A1
Global recession
Geopolitics
Ease of doing business has improved but still needs more work
Make in India will follow as bases are moved from China to India. There is a lag time.
 
1. 所有海外公司的新合同都有很大一部分需要在印度生产。
2. 外国直接投资达到最高水平。
3. 增长速度世界第一。
4. 基础设施水平最高。
5. 印度的 GDP 从 10-15 年前的第 10 位上升到现在的第 5 位。
6. 芯片产业不断发展。
印度令世界羡慕。
印度的青年技能人才是世界上最多的。
挑战：
全球经济衰退
地缘政治
营商环境虽然有所改善，但仍需努力
随着生产基地从中国转移到印度，印度制造将随之而来。这一现象有一个滞后期。
 
@jaysu8669
India does not need low profit, tedious manufacturing industry. India has the best education system, and super smart people. India has skipped manufacture, and moved directly to highly profitable high tech, and financial services etc.
 
印度不需要利润低、乏味的制造业，印度拥有最好的教育体系和超级聪明的人才。印度已经跳过制造业，直接转向了高利润的高科技和金融服务等领域。
 
@talkpresent
Peace, wisdom and truth is here. Its origin is here in India. Your forefathers tried to malign the ingredients of India. But they failed. Truth is ultimate, no matter how much you try to hide or get away from it. You have to face it. The entire earth and universe is round, and you think you can walk straight and get away from what you did.
India is my love, the land of spirituality and land for reality. So I trust only India. I might be wrong in a short run due to the inference of radicals , but my faith in it, is unwavering.
I trust only India.
 
和平、智慧和真理就在这里，它的起源就在印度。你们的祖先曾试图诋毁印度，但他们失败了。真理是终极的，无论你如何隐藏或逃避。你们必须面对它，整个地球和宇宙都是圆的，而你却认为自己可以直行，可以摆脱自己的所作所为。
印度是我的挚爱，是精神的国度，也是现实的土地，所以我只相信印度。我可能会因为激进分子的推论而在短期内出错，但我对它的信仰是坚定不移的。
我只信任印度。
 
@krishnamurthy-yi7rl
Make in India was tailor made to suit few PMO friends and arms dealers lobbying, in reality it slowed down local technology and innovation
 
印度制造是为少数总理府的朋友和军火商游说而量身定做的，实际上它放慢了本地技术和创新的步伐。
 
@SameehSamad
15 bridges  collapsed in a month no jobs increased communal hatred imbalance in economy increased tax rate only and everything for Adani &Ambani noting for common people just making people fight each other so noone talks about failure of gov policy
 
一个月内15座桥梁倒塌，没有工作岗位，增加了社区仇恨，经济失衡，只为阿达尼和安巴尼提高税率，不为普通人考虑，只让人们互相争斗，所以没人会谈论政府政策的失败。
 
@otpmohan8402
People love fascinating words and speeches of politicians. People fascinated with quantity of bridges and statues if there is no employment and income. Who cares quality of bridges or statues?  India's people have to change then government and rulers will change. Praise the God and Praise the government is not a solution for people.  Whatever implemented schemes for ease to doing business for ruling parties and corporates. Wealth also concentrated for just 1% (0.99% will be Ambani and Adani) out of India’s total population. Crony capitalism is the serious issue.
In India, agriculture, MSME’s and small entrepreneurs neglected that was why unemployment has been sky rocketed in last 10 years. Tax also another biggest issue for common people and small entrepreneurs.
 
人们喜欢政治家引人入胜的言辞和演讲。如果没有就业和收入，人们只会着迷于桥梁和雕像的数量，谁会关心桥梁或雕像的质量？印度人民必须改变，然后政府和统治者才会改变。赞美神和赞美政府并不能解决人民的问题。无论实施什么计划，都是为了方便执政党和企业做生意。财富也只集中在印度总人口的1%上（安巴尼和阿达尼占了0.99%）。裙带资本主义是一个严重的问题。
在印度，农业、微小中型企业和小企业家被忽视，这就是过去 10 年中失业率急剧上升的原因。税收也是普通人和小企业家面临的另一个最大的问题。