是什么阻止了公司将制造业带到美国？

@HenryAndersen
Nobody "took" US manufacturing away from abroad. US CEOs and corporations moved the companies abroad for cheaper labor.
 
没有人“拿走”美国的制造业。是美国的CEO和公司将工厂迁到海外，以便享受更便宜的劳动力。
 
@chillnagasden6190
"What's stopping companies from bringing manufacturing to the U.S." => Having to pay a livable wage to the local population.
 
“是什么阻止公司将制造业带回美国？” => 需要给当地居民支付一个可维持生计的工资。
 
@jasonkoplen2554
Manufacturing didn’t leave the U.S. because it’s hard. It left because it was more profitable for the 1%. It’s not coming  unless it’s even more profitable for the 1%.  That’s how this works.
 
制造业离开美国并不是因为困难，而是因为对1%的人来说，海外更有利可图。除非回迁能带来更多利润，否则它不会回来。事情就是这样运作的。
 
@crinklecut3790
I work in a steel mill in the U.S.  We have a giant facility, but only a handful of workers at any given time.  It’s all automated. We’re just there to move material through the different manufacturing processes.
 
我在美国的一家钢铁厂工作。我们有一个庞大的设施，但每次只有少数工人在工作。所有的工作都是自动化的。我们只是在不同的制造过程中搬运材料。
 
@wolfshire8622
I work in manufacturing in the US. But the products we produce are so far outside my price range it's crazy.
 
我在美国做制造业工作，但我们生产的产品价格高得离谱，几乎让我无法承担。
 
@realdocumentary12
No one stole U.S. manufacturing. CEOs shipped it overseas for cheap labor.
 
没有人偷走美国的制造业。CEO们将它们运送到海外，以便享受廉价劳动力。
 
@paulsilva4934
American companies to compete with Chinese manufacturing. Needs to be heavily automated. So where's the american job??
 
美国公司要与中国制造业竞争，必须进行高度自动化。那么，美国的工作在哪里呢？
 
@AlexNketia-q4m
Lol!  We in the US are bragging about building bikes in the US meanwhile in China they are building electric vehicles that can charge at 5c rates and EREV vehicles that can go 1000 miles and AI that uses cheap chips, but produces better results than other models using much more expensive chips!  "Winning" never looked so bleak!
 
哈哈！我们在美国吹嘘在本土制造自行车，而在中国，他们正在制造能够以5美分费用充电的电动汽车，制造可以行驶1000英里的增程电动汽车，以及使用便宜芯片但能产生比其他使用昂贵芯片的模型更好结果的人工智能！“胜利”看起来真是太黯淡了！
 
@ERoc83
Love how companies say they have to automate their operations because they can't afford high labor costs and then expect people to have extra income to buy their products...
 
我喜欢那些公司说他们必须自动化生产线，因为负担不起高昂的劳动力成本，然后还指望人们有额外收入来购买他们的产品……
 
@theroofguy625
There is a HUGE difference between saying you'll bring some manufacturing back to the US and then actually doing it. It's a play out of Trumps playbook
 
说要把一些制造业带回美国和实际做到这一点之间有巨大的差距。这是特朗普的“剧本”在上演。
 
@chicharones9640
So that bike company just ADMITTED we want to aim for better automation aka getting rid of allot of those employees, and get AI and machines doing everything because labor costs are high. Good luck America.
 
那家自行车公司刚刚承认了，他们想要追求更好的自动化，也就是说，要裁掉很多员工，让人工智能和机器来做所有工作，因为劳动力成本太高了。祝你们好运，美国。
 
@Nubian_King_RNM
The answer is NO unless you fill them with robots, labour cost in the US are really expensive.
 
答案是否定的，除非你用机器人替代，劳动力成本在美国真的很高。
 
@SDpapa
As a small importer of Bluetooth devices, i bring in a 40ft container every quarter, I could never manufacture my devices in the USA. Not because of labor which I would highly automate anyways, the main obstacle is SKILLS. It would take a small fortune to train Americans, to teach them how to use microscopic tools. In my humble opinion, trumps tariffs are nothing but another tax inflicted to his own people. I ain't eating those extra costs, my buyers will.
 
作为一个小型蓝牙设备进口商，我每季度进口一40英尺集装箱，但我永远无法在美国制造我的设备。这不是因为劳动力问题，反正我会大规模自动化生产，主要问题是技能。如果要培训美国人，教他们如何使用显微工具，那将花费一大笔钱。在我看来，特朗普的关税不过是向自己的人民征收的又一税收。我不会承担这些额外费用，我的买家会。
 
@vladislavdonchev1271
You know we're cooked when "environmental cost" means the cost to the friggin' company and not the actual environment...
 
当“环境成本”意味着公司的成本而不是实际环境的成本时，我们就完了……
 
@steve2709
The input for these bike parts made in the USA( aluminum and steel) is now a lot more expensive because of the steel and aluminum tariff.
 
这些美国制造的自行车部件的原材料（铝和钢）现在因为钢铁和铝的关税变得更加昂贵。
 
@HeyItsAvi90
The funny thing is the bikes are made in america but every single part is still from China. It should be labeled "Assembled in america".
 
有趣的是，自行车是美国制造的，但每个部件仍然来自中国。它应该标明“在美国组装”。
 
@kevindixon110
$35/ hours is the average wage in US manufacturing?? No way that is correct. Seems way too high.
 
35美元/小时是美国制造业的平均工资？？这不可能是正确的。看起来太高了。
 
@Naveenjotron
China heavily invested in their industrialization while US heavily invested in their Defence programmes.
 
中国在工业化方面投入巨大，而美国则在国防项目上投入了大量资金。
 
@mariapapadopoulos3640
Truth of the matter is that if there is a made in the US bike for $200 and a bike made elsewhere for $120. The average American will buy the cheaper bike
 
事实上，如果有一辆200美元的美国制造的自行车和一辆120美元的其他地方制造的自行车，普通美国人会选择购买更便宜的那辆。
 
@bjornolsson2696
The idea the manufacturing moved out because of some kind of conspiracy by corporations rather than consumers choosing better value at the store is really one sided.
 
认为制造业外移是因为企业的某种阴谋，而不是消费者在商店选择性价比更高的产品，这种观点真的太片面了。
 
@pnketia
When you encourage young people to go to college and get a degree those same people are not looking to do manual labor in a warehouse, but instead are looking for white collar work.  The problem is white collar work is being replaced with AI and automation so you end up with a labor force imbalance.
 
当你鼓励年轻人上大学并获得学位时，这些人就不会想去仓库做体力劳动，而是希望从事白领工作。问题是，白领工作正被人工智能和自动化取代，结果就导致了劳动力的不平衡。
 
@Dee--Jay
Trust me, if factories come back to the United States then the price of everything will be even more expensive than what it is now. The whole point in producing everything overseas was because it was cheaper. Bringing it back over here will bring those jobs but the item won't be cheaper. It's going to be more expensive
 
相信我，如果工厂回到美国，所有东西的价格会比现在更贵。把生产线带回美国的目的就是因为海外生产更便宜。回到这里会带回那些工作岗位，但商品的价格不会便宜，反而会更贵。
 
@Erik_The_Viking
Several reasons: 1) Factories have been shut down/closed for years and won't come back online, 2) older factory workers have retired, so less trained/skilled people to do the work, 3) US workers are more expensive than foreign workers (why manufacturing started being sent abroad since the 80's), 4) More countries are producing goods, and US companies can't compete on price, and of course 5) corporate greed
 
有几个原因：1）工厂已经关闭很多年，无法恢复生产；2）年长的工人已经退休，所以下来的人没有那么多训练和技能；3）美国工人的工资比外国工人更贵（这也是制造业自80年代开始外迁的原因）；4）越来越多的国家开始生产商品，美国公司无法在价格上竞争；5）企业的贪婪。
 
@stargazer3828
Manufacturing may be coming back to the US, but so is automation, AI and robotics which means jobs are NOT coming back to the US!  Companies left the US because of cheap labor bottom line they are not coming back to the US to hire American labor!
 
制造业可能会回到美国，但自动化、人工智能和机器人技术也会回去，这意味着工作岗位并不会回到美国！公司离开美国是因为廉价劳动力，他们不会回来雇佣美国工人！
 
@peterbedford2610
Even with a 30% tax/tariffs, Asian products are still at least 50% less and their quality is getting better every year.
Plus, our next ruler may revoke these taxes in 3 years anyway.
 
即使有30%的税收/关税，亚洲产品仍然便宜至少50%，而且它们的质量每年都在提高。再说，我们的下一任统治者可能三年后就会取消这些税收。
 
@ghostrider_414
There's plenty of people willing to work in factories, but the wages aren't worth the back breaking work anymore
 
有很多人愿意在工厂工作，但现在的工资根本不值那份苦力。
 
@bonganimtshali4551
It’s funny how when Americans loose in anything, they are quick to say the opponent is winning unfairly
 
真是有趣，美国人一旦在任何事情上失败，就马上说对方赢得不公平。
 
@ThomasArmstrong-i1w
As a non-American who spent some time in America to assist in a research program at an American university, I was surprised to find that workers in America equated time spent in the workplace as a sign of diligence. The notion of working smarter, more efficiently, and accomplishing whatever task in a shorter time was not a concept they readily embraced. This is just my observation.
 
作为一个非美国人，我曾在美国待过一段时间，协助美国大学的研究项目，我很惊讶地发现美国工人把在工作场所花费的时间当作勤奋的象征。所谓更聪明地工作、更高效地工作、在更短的时间内完成任务的概念，他们并不容易接受。这只是我的观察。
 
@curiousottman
Prices never went down when corporations took manufacturing overseas.  They made more profit and continue to do so.
 
当公司将制造业转移到海外时，价格从未下降过。他们赚了更多的钱，而且现在仍然在继续。
 
@alanhindle3149
Also, Reagan and the Republican Party crushed the unxs and deregulated business laws so companies's could sack their employees to send all the manufacturing jobs to Asia where people work for a fraction of the wages. That way they could pocket the difference as pure profit, and utilise price transferring so they wouldn't have to pay much in taxes. Meanwhile, Americans learned to survive on service industry jobs and credit cards. That doesn't seem to come up very often.
 
此外，里根和共和党摧毁了工会，放松了商业法规，让公司可以解雇员工，将所有制造业工作送往亚洲，那里的人们工资只是美国工人的一小部分。这样他们就可以将差价作为纯利润口袋里赚走，并利用价格转移避免支付太多税收。与此同时，美国人学会了靠服务行业的工作和信用卡生存。这点似乎很少有人提到。
 
@FiniteResources7734
I spent 40 years in manufacturing. For the last 15 years or so, we could never find enough people to work….except for immigrants who are glad to have work. And if we level the playing field economically, will Americans be able to afford its own products ? We had a good run - I hope it’s not over.
 
我在制造业工作了40年。大约15年来，我们始终找不到足够的人来工作……除了那些愿意工作的移民。如果我们在经济上使竞争环境公平，美国人还能买得起自己的产品吗？我们曾有过一段不错的时光——希望它不会结束。
 
@hwll-v3k
it would take decades to set up neccessary supply chain and logistic infrastructure
 
建立所需的供应链和物流基础设施可能需要几十年的时间。
 
@cookingonthego9422
As globalization is in the first stages of colapse, it will just have to happen. You want it or not. Now, i work in a factory. It is hard, back braking, dirty, sometimes extremely hot or cold, ungrateful job, with spiteful people that know this is the rest of their lives. Be careful of what you want.
 
随着全球化进入崩溃的初期阶段，这一切必须发生。无论你想不想。现在，我在工厂工作。这是一份艰难的工作，费力、脏乱，有时候还非常热或冷，工作环境非常艰苦，身边的人也很有敌意，他们知道这将是他们余生的工作。小心你想要的东西。
 
@jim2lane
We as consumers share just as much blame for manufacturing jobs moving overseas. Everytime you run across town to get an item, or click purchase online, because a vendor has the item you want for 2-5% less than the other vendor, you're reinforcing to store CEO's that they have to squeeze every dollar and cent they can out of their manufacturing process. And labor will always be THE most expensive component of the manufacturing process
 
我们作为消费者同样要为制造业工作外迁负责。每次你为了节省2-5%的钱而跑去其他商店，或者在线上购买时，因为某个商家比另一个商家的价格便宜，你就向商店的CEO传递了这样的信息：他们必须在制造过程中榨取每一分钱。劳动力将永远是制造过程中最昂贵的组成部分。
 
@kenofken9458
Any significant manufacturing that comes back will be done 95% with robots and AI.
The days of factories employing 10,000 workers who made unx scale wages with just a high school diploma are gone forever.
 
任何回流的重大制造业都将由机器人和人工智能完成95%的工作。过去那些工厂需要雇佣10,000名工人，且只需高中学历就能拿到工会工资的时代，已经永远过去了。
 
@WPO_MASTER_CHIEF
Revitalizing manufacturing in the United States is a significant challenge. One of the primary obstacles is that the younger generation is neither adequately trained for skilled trades nor generally interested in pursuing such careers. There is a growing cultural shift that prioritizes quick financial gain with minimal effort, rather than steady employment through manual or technical labor. Manufacturing positions are often physically demanding and offer relatively low wages, which makes them less attractive to many in the newer workforce.
 
振兴美国制造业是一个重大挑战。一个主要障碍是年轻一代既没有接受足够的技术工种训练，也普遍不感兴趣从事这样的职业。文化上正在发生转变，人们更倾向于追求快速的经济回报，尽可能少地付出努力，而不是通过手工或技术劳动获得稳定的工作。制造业岗位通常体力要求较高，工资相对较低，这使得许多新一代劳动力不太愿意从事这些工作。
 
@EamonCoyle
I am in N.Ireland, looking in and laughing......but how can you match up tariffs to bring manufacturing back, alongside employment already being at almost record highs, chasing down and removing non-citizens who could work in low-paying jobs, and removing R&D funding to aide future development ?
 
我在北爱尔兰，看着这一切发生并发笑......但你怎么能匹配关税来吸引制造业回流呢？在就业接近创纪录高位的情况下，你还要追捕和驱逐那些可以从事低薪工作的非公民，同时削减研发资金以支持未来的发展？
 
@peterb6282
It’s not complicated or sinister—it’s simply what happens when businesses chase lower costs. In the early 19th century, New England was the epicenter of textile manufacturing, and you can still see the remnants scattered across Massachusetts and Rhode Island. But as transportation improved and labor costs in the South proved cheaper, production moved. Most New England factories had fallen idle by the mid-19th century.
 
这并不复杂也没有阴谋——这只是当企业追求更低成本时会发生的事。在19世纪初，新英格兰是纺织业的中心，你仍然可以在马萨诸塞州和罗德岛看到其残余物。但随着交通的改善和南方的劳动力成本证明更为低廉，生产转移了。到19世纪中期，大多数新英格兰的工厂已经闲置了。
 
@JamesAtwell-rx4hc
I love Colin Grabow’s analysis suggesting that cost and efficiency are synonymous. Maybe we need to pay the true costs of producing something like shoes so we would not only diminish our throw away, consumer mentality, lessen the environmental impact, and possibly pay a reasonable wage for labor. Our economic system needs to do a better job of internalize all costs.
 
我喜欢Colin Grabow的分析，他认为成本和效率是同义词。也许我们需要支付生产像鞋子这样的物品的真实成本，这样我们不仅能减少我们的随意消费心态，减少对环境的影响，还能为劳动支付合理的工资。我们的经济系统需要更好地内化所有成本。
 
@Dave414-j8l
I just bought my first USA made tennis shoes. I’m a middle class American. My New Balance 990’s are pricey but they are the best, most comfortable running shoes I’ve ever purchased. Many Americans don’t mind paying a little more for quality and supporting our own people.
 
我刚买了我的第一双美国制造的网球鞋。我是一个中产阶级的美国人。我的New Balance 990鞋子很贵，但它们是我购买过的最好的、最舒适的跑步鞋。许多美国人不介意为质量支付稍微多一点的钱，并支持我们自己的人。
 
@Cordycep1
remember working for top computer manufacture 25 years ago. The continuous improvwment process flowwas to cut human interaction every year and increase production volume. Later management got greedy so decided to ship nearly all production overseas in free Trade Zone so the company stil be able to label "Made in USA" even though it was assemble overseas .
 
记得25年前在一家顶级电脑制造商工作。持续改进的流程是每年减少人工干预，增加生产量。后来管理层变得贪婪，决定把几乎所有的生产都转移到海外的自由贸易区，这样公司仍然可以贴上“Made in USA”的标签，尽管组装是在海外进行的。
 
@Brillski
Imagine being considered a "trailblazer" for building a factory in the USA, the country that was the biggest manufacturer the world had ever seen until about 30 years ago.
 
想象一下，成为在美国建立工厂的“开创者”，这个国家直到大约30年前曾是世界上最大的制造业强国。
 
@texanwd8387
As a manufacturer in the US , cost of insurance ,cost of 3rd party approvals ,finding the right employees ,and government involvement is a real challenge. Hard to stay profitable
 
作为美国的一家制造商，保险成本、第三方审批成本、找到合适的员工以及政府的参与是一个真正的挑战。很难保持盈利。
 
@poochyenarulez
A recent poll showed 80% of Americans want more manufacturing jobs in the US. When asked if they would actually want to work those jobs themselves, only ~25% said yes.
There is no shortage of jobs in the US. What people missed about manufacturing jobs isn't the work, its the unxs. Manufacturing had a very high rate of unxization. We could have that today in warehouse work if there was desire.
 
最近的一项民意调查显示，80%的美国人希望美国能有更多的制造业工作岗位。当被问到他们是否愿意自己去做这些工作时，只有大约25%的人表示愿意。美国并不缺少工作岗位。人们对制造业工作的误解不在于工作本身，而是在于工会。制造业的工会化程度曾经非常高。如果有需求，今天的仓储工作也能拥有类似的工会化。
 
@jonathanng138
China already manufactures quality products, if you wanted the same quality ptoducts made in the US, expect significant price hike and lower standards of quality
 
中国已经制造出高质量的产品，如果你希望在美国制造相同质量的产品，预计价格会大幅上涨，并且质量标准会下降。
 
@easycake3251
Oh this can work for sure. Well that is assuming you are fine paying 5x as much for a product.
 
这肯定是可以实现的。前提是你愿意为一个产品支付5倍的价格。
 
@aznsensation44
Simply doesnt make sense to manufacture in America. American workers cannot compete with Chinese workers in skill, the labor costs are higher and they are just using automation anyways - which China is better at as well! Like what do you think a consumer is going to pay for $50 for a made in China item or $250 for a made in USA item that's the exact same in quality and components?? American companies cannot compete with China in manufacturing its simple as that, trying to bring that back to US is just a waste of effort and resources
 
在美国制造根本没有意义。美国工人在技能上无法与中国工人竞争，劳动力成本更高，而且他们反正也在使用自动化——而中国在这一点上也做得更好！你认为消费者会为一件中国制造的产品支付50美元，还是为一件美国制造的相同质量和部件的产品支付250美元？美国公司在制造业上无法与中国竞争，这就是事实，试图把生产带回美国只是浪费时间和资源。
 
@ModelBuildinginRetirement
If I were a manufacturing company outsourcing, I would have a tough time wanting to bring my entire production back to the USA, when ever 4-8 years a new administration forces you to leave again because of their policies and regulations.
 
如果我是一个外包的制造公司，我会很难想要将我的全部生产带回美国，因为每隔4到8年，就有一个新的政府强迫你因为他们的政策和规定再次离开。
 
@JuanDiegoPinillos
You're lying.  Living standards in China are not bad, on the contrary, they earn less money compared to you but everything is many times cheaper over there (housing, food, transportation, technology, furniture, toys, etc etc) and the pollution issues they had is something of the past, if you go to China right now you will see none of that cause China is not only leading the world in renewable energy production but also in nuclear energy production.  Why you can't let go of the propaganda, even when you're talking about your issues?
 
你在撒谎。中国的生活水平并不差，相反，他们赚的钱比你少，但那里的所有东西都便宜多了（住房、食品、交通、技术、家具、玩具等等）。而且他们曾经的污染问题已经成为过去式，如果你现在去中国，你根本看不见这些问题，因为中国不仅在可再生能源生产方面领先世界，也在核能生产方面处于领先地位。你为什么不能放下这些宣传，即使在谈论你自己的问题时也不行？