为什么中国经济规模和发展程度远超印度，但在美国科技行业中的印度裔 CEO 却远多于华裔 CEO？（2020年至今的回答）

Baba Vickram Aditya Bedi Follow
For most Indians who left India from the late 1950s to the 1980s, progress was too slow to come to India. Delhi, India 1975.
In my life experience, I saw people like my father who were technology pioneers. My father was a full professor of Computer Science back in the early 1970s. At a time when India had rolling blackouts several times a day, and it was impossible at times to make a telephone call across town let alone to another city or internationally. He knew down to the component level how a Mainfrx worked and how to write software for it, even in machine language. His journey was one which encompassed the journey of India, as he was part of a generation of Indians who had seen the end of the British Occupation of India, and then sought to educate themselves in the most unbelievable of ways. He would go to the U.S. to seek higher education in 1957, and arrive in a country where for years he could not even eat a single dish he had grown up with. He had left a life where every need he had was taken care of, he went simply to seek knowledge of a world which had advanced while India had been held under colonialism. This group of Indians who came abroad to study, were largely from well off families, but their lives would be very hard in the West. They were not allowed to work beyond limited hours, India restricted most if not all funding for their families to support them and it was their shear desire to learn which made all this happen as without their willingness to sacrifice their own well being, they would have just returned home.
Opening a business in India during the 1970s and 1980s was a task which could take years. Obtaining licensing was a monumental task. Limited consumer choices were the norm during the license raj, Bombay, India, 1975.

对于 1950 年代末至 1980 年代离开印度的大多数印度人而言，印度的进步来得实在太慢。1975 年的印度德里。
在我的人生经历中，我见过像我父亲这样的技术先驱。早在 20 世纪 70 年代初，我父亲就是计算机科学领域的正教授。那时的印度每天要经历多次轮流停电，有时连同城电话都打不通，更不用说跨城市或国际通话了。他对大型机械的运作原理了如指掌，甚至能用机器语言为其编写软件。他的成长历程折射着整个印度的发展轨迹——作为见证英国殖民统治终结的一代印度人，他们以难以想象的方式追求自我教育。1957 年他远赴美国深造，抵达后的数年里甚至吃不到一道家乡菜。他放弃了养尊处优的生活，只为求取那个在印度被殖民时已飞速发展的世界的知识。这批赴海外求学的印度人多出身优渥，但他们在西方的生活却异常艰辛。 他们被限制工作时长，印度政府几乎切断了所有对其家庭的经济支持，正是他们强烈的求知欲让这一切成为可能——若非甘愿牺牲个人福祉，他们本可以一走了之。
上世纪七八十年代在印度创业是件耗时数年的事。获取经营许可堪称艰巨任务。在许可证管制时代（1975 年印度孟买），消费者选择受限是普遍现象。

After living outside and attaining highly specialized skills, many tried to return to India. But, India was a Socialist nation at this time. For my father the issue was our families landholding were under rent control, many businesses including our families utility companies had been nationalized. He saw no way to start a business in India and operate it profitably in the late 1960’s and early 1970s. Though he was offered leading positions in Indian Companies at the time, he wanted to have his own Company. India was still 20 years away from this point and he came back to the West. He would continue to do business with Indian Companies but on his own terms. My father, would become one of the first Computer Dealers and even began to outsource services to India in the late 1980s. Yet India’s socialist business enviornment persisted with hurdles for him to relocate back to India even after his role in high level advisory roles. His heart remained in Saharanpur, and he never could forget our families vast roots in India.

许多人在海外生活并掌握了高度专业化的技能后，曾尝试返回印度。但当时的印度是一个社会主义国家。对我父亲而言，问题在于我们家族的土地资产受到租金管制，包括家族公用事业公司在内的许多企业都已被国有化。在 1960 年代末至 1970 年代初，他认为在印度创办企业并实现盈利根本无望。尽管当时印度企业向他提供了高管职位，但他渴望拥有自己的公司。印度距离允许这种创业环境还有二十年之久，于是他选择回到西方。此后他继续与印度企业合作，但完全按照自己的方式经营业务。我父亲后来成为首批计算机经销商之一，甚至在 1980 年代末就开始将服务外包至印度。然而即便在他担任高层顾问职务后，印度社会主义的商业环境仍存在诸多障碍，使他难以重返印度定居。他的心始终留在萨哈兰普尔，永远无法忘却我们家族在印度的深厚根基。

My Father Baba Dr. Dina Nath Bedi and myself as a child, 1977.
I saw my father as a remarkable person who could function in vastly different cultures but keep his dignity, pride and identity no matter what the situation. His example has never left me, and it is because of him that I speak fluent Hindi, Punjabi and learnt Sanskrit and Persian. He refused to see limits both in technology and in one’s relationship with what this meant with their own being. Technology is a natural field for Indians, as mathematics, and philosophy have historically been part of India. It was said in the 1980s that Indian Sanskrit was the most natural language for Computers, the fact that it was NASA which reached this conclusion was all the more impressive. I remember so well the gleaming pride my father had in his eyes when the research was released.

1977 年，我的父亲Dina Nath Bedi博士与幼年的我。
在我眼中，父亲是个非凡之人，他能在截然不同的文化中游刃有余，却始终保持着尊严、骄傲与自我认同。他的榜样力量始终影响着我，正因如此，我才能说流利的印地语、旁遮普语，并学习了梵语和波斯语。他拒绝承认技术领域的局限，也拒绝设限人与技术之间的深层联系。对印度人而言，技术如同数学和哲学般，是与生俱来的天赋领域。1980 年代曾有观点认为，梵语是计算机最自然的编程语言，而这一结论竟出自 NASA 之口，更令人叹服。当那份研究报告发布时，父亲眼中闪烁的自豪光芒，至今仍清晰地印在我记忆里。

Outside New Delhi, India, 2019.
To say India is less developed than China, is very subjective today. I have seen areas of India which are far more developed than many Western Countries. These areas are substantial in size and depth. India’s Airports are at world class standards, along with metro systems and numerous hospitals. Highway infrastructure is on par with developed nations over most of the country. Universities are world class as well. On one occasion I was eating in Delhi one evening, and I wanted some more tea. I looked on the table and noticed a small triangle with a button on it. So I pushed it, and immediately a waiter appeared. He had tea, and I asked him how he knew. He said that after I pushed the button a microphone comes on and stays on for 1 minute, I was talking about tea. He had an earpiece which could hardly be seen. It even told him which table this was.

2019 年，印度新德里郊外。
说印度不如中国发达，这种观点在今天看来非常主观。我曾见过印度某些地区的发展程度远超许多西方国家，这些地区无论规模还是深度都相当可观。印度的机场、地铁系统和众多医院都达到世界级水准，大部分地区的高速公路基础设施也与发达国家不相上下，大学同样具备世界一流水平。有天晚上我在德里用餐时想再喝点茶，注意到桌上有带按钮的小三角标志。按下按钮后，侍者立即出现并端着茶过来。询问后得知，按钮会启动持续 1 分钟的麦克风——当时我正说着要喝茶，而他佩戴着几乎隐形的耳机，系统甚至能告诉他具体桌号。

Ola is the dominant Taxi service in India.
India’s software apps work better than what I have seen outside of India. Ola had advanced software well in use before its nearest competitors did, and it continues its lead. India’s lead in software development was apparent in 1990s and 2000s, yet this lead has failed to lead to a robust production of proprietary Indian Software Products. The fact is India concentrated on the wrong end of the Computer Industry and while outsourcing services was an obvious way to build the Indian economy in the 1990s it was not an endpoint, as much of the services which were provided are today automated by the cloud. The Indian software industry is to an extent seeing the very same result that my father saw in the early 1990s as large Computer Manufacturers broke relationship with Authorized Dealers to sell direct in an attempt to gain greater profitability and control customer relationships. The end result was the loss of customers and ultimate exit from the P.C. business for most of these companies. Outsourcing has limitations and the evolution of India’s I.T. sector has to be becoming a full scale competitor with unique products and not just services.

Ola 是印度占主导地位的出租车服务平台。
印度的软件应用比我在印度以外所见到的更为出色。Ola 在其最接近的竞争对手之前就已广泛使用先进软件，并持续保持领先地位。印度在软件开发领域的领先优势在 20 世纪 90 年代和 2000 年代就已显而易见，但这种优势未能催生出强大的印度本土软件产品。事实是，印度聚焦于计算机产业的错误环节——虽然外包服务在上世纪 90 年代确实是发展印度经济的明显路径，但这并非终点，因为如今云技术已实现许多服务的自动化。某种程度上，印度软件业正重蹈我父亲在 上世纪90 年代初见证的覆辙：当时大型计算机制造商为追求更高利润和掌控客户关系，纷纷终止与授权经销商的合作转向直销，最终导致客户流失，多数企业彻底退出个人电脑业务。外包模式存在局限性，印度 IT 产业的升级方向应是凭借独特产品成为全面竞争者，而非仅依赖服务。

While many people of Indian Origin are today in leading positions in American Corporations, this does not translate into a positive development for India’s economy. The duty of a C.E.O. of a public company is to his shareholders and customers, not his vision of politics of nationalism which they may or may not have. The real fact that India does not have companies like Google or Twitter on a global scale is obvious. Many Indian startups with the capability of becoming largescale household names were bought up by foreign Multinationals before they could pose a true competitive risk. India does not lack talent but it does lack a national vision of where it needs to position itself. Many are simply overjoyed that Indians are C.E.O.’s of large multinational companies without even realizing that though this is a positive development it translates into nothing more or less for India unless such experience is used to build Indian Companies in the long run.
It may take more time than anticipated to “Make in India”, live up to its true potential.

尽管如今许多印度裔人士在美国企业担任领导职位，但这并不等同于对印度经济产生积极影响。上市公司 CEO 的职责是对股东和客户负责，而非践行他们可能持有或没有的民族主义政治理念。一个显而易见的事实是，印度尚未诞生像谷歌或推特这样具有全球影响力的企业。许多本有望成为家喻户晓品牌的印度初创公司，在尚未形成真正竞争威胁时就被外国跨国公司收购。印度并不缺乏人才，但确实缺乏对国家发展定位的全局视野。许多人仅仅因为印度人担任跨国公司 CEO 而欣喜若狂，却未意识到：除非这些经验最终用于建设印度本土企业，否则这种现象对印度而言既不多也不少——它本质上只是中性的存在。
"印度制造"要充分发挥其真正潜力，可能需要比预期更长的时间。

So far India has not been able to attract its own high caliber talent to return to India and to create large scale innovation in India. The real challenge of the 21th Century for India is transform itself from a transactional economy into an economy of invention. The transformation once made will ensure India’s return to it’s historical norm. India is not just a modern state but one of the last remaining of the civilizations which began at the dawn of human history, India has historically created trends not followed them. It has broken scientific barriers, and used mathematics in the most innovative of ways. For when the world was believed to be flat Indian philosophers already knew it was round. When it was said the sun rotated around the Earth, Indian treatises had been written in detail with the concept of Gravity and a 364 day year. They were only off by one day for the year in 500 A.D. It was Indian Scientific knowledge that allowed it have the world’s oldest universities before the Islamic Invasion of India. India was the only civilization that China sent its students to study in before the modern age. While claims can be made that China is more advanced than India today, and Indians are leading U.S. companies more so than other groups, the fact is none of this matters as much as it seems. People such as my father and those in his generation began a process of gaining knowledge for the betterment of the world, and especially for the people of India and Indian Origin. India’s road to regaining its historical significance only began 75 years ago, and it can only be imagined where India will be 75 years from now. My father stated in 1983, “India’s greatest resource is renewable for it is the talent of it’s people.”, I have full faith that this resource will surprise the world just like as they have done since the ages of antiquity.

迄今为止，印度仍未能吸引本国顶尖人才回归并在本土实现大规模创新。21 世纪印度面临的真正挑战，是从交易型经济转型为创新型经济。这一转变一旦实现，将确保印度重回历史常态。印度不仅是一个现代国家，更是人类文明曙光中诞生的少数现存文明之一。历史上印度始终是潮流的开创者而非追随者——它曾突破科学壁垒，以最具创新的方式运用数学。当世人认为地球是平的时，印度哲人早已知晓其圆形本质；当主流观点宣称太阳绕地球旋转时，印度典籍已详尽记载了引力概念和 364 天为一年的历法体系（公元500 年时创立，仅误差一天）。正是印度的科学积淀，使其在伊斯兰势力入侵前就拥有全球最古老的大学体系。在现代社会之前，印度是中国学子唯一远赴求学的文明圣地。 尽管有人声称中国如今比印度更为发达，且印度裔比其他族裔更常执掌美国企业，但事实上这些现象的重要性远不如表面所见。像我父亲和他那一代人，他们开启了一个为世界进步——特别是为印度本土及海外印度裔谋福祉而求知的历程。印度重获历史地位的征程仅始于 75 年前，未来 75 年印度将发展到何种程度，只能留待想象。我父亲在 1983 年说过："印度最宝贵的资源是可再生的，那就是人民的才智。"我坚信这份资源将如远古时代以来屡次证明的那样，再次让世界为之惊叹。

Robin S.
Well-written, sir. Even though I am not Indian, I have many Indian friends and I am proud of India’s achievement, both cultural and economic. India and China MUST be friends and allies to lead the world into a brighter future. 

写得太棒了，先生。虽然我不是印度人，但有很多印度朋友，我为印度在文化和经济上取得的成就感到自豪。中印两国必须成为朋友和盟友，才能共同引领世界走向更光明的未来。

Suddhasattwa Bandyopadhyay
Very well written Aditya. Our family also went through the same rigmarole, with our coal mines and transport businesses nationalized along with our land holdings put under rent control and archaic tenancy laws. I can easily relate to you.

写得很好，Aditya。我们家族也经历了同样的繁琐程序，煤矿和运输业务被国有化，持有的土地被纳入租金管制和过时的租佃法管辖。我完全能理解你的处境。

Baba Vickram Aditya Bedi
Thank you for your comment, so many people do not realize what Nehru did and the cost paid by families. Most of the nationalizations ended up destroying the companies and created psychological damage to those who had run them. I really believe that the lack of manufacturing in India today is because of these actions. As we were poised to be a manufacturing power by the 1960s if this had not happened.

感谢您的评论，许多人并未意识到尼赫鲁的所作所为及其给家庭带来的代价。大多数国有化行动最终摧毁了企业，并对经营者造成了心理创伤。我确实认为当今印度制造业的缺失正是源于这些举措。若非如此，我们在 1960 年代本有望成为制造业强国。

Aditya Jain
My hope is that Indian-origin CEOs allow growth of Indian companies and allow them to become mainstream globally. The west is very much able to clip competition and destroy an emerging economy, and corporates there have significant influence. India's tech industry is making crazy strides but repeat of past events such as west's clipping of Japan can derail the growth. Positively for India, Indian-origins weild a lot of control in west as compared to Japanese in 80s.

我希望印度裔 CEO 们能推动印度企业的发展，使其成为全球主流。西方完全有能力遏制竞争并摧毁一个新兴经济体，而那里的企业拥有巨大影响力。印度科技行业正在突飞猛进，但若重演西方当年遏制日本的历史，可能会阻碍这一发展。对印度有利的是，与上世纪 80年代的日本人相比，印度裔如今在西方掌握着更多话语权。

Meraj Ahmad
These CEOs, Yet they are no more Indian on paper but they must have huge soft corner for India so they will do whatever in their capacity.

这些 CEO 们虽然在法律上已非印度籍，但内心必定对印度怀有深厚情感，因此定会竭尽所能为印度提供帮助。

Boss
The best brains are from India . Though most politicians are scamsters . Next decade Indians will shine in every field around the world.

最优秀的人才来自印度，虽然大多数政客都是骗子。未来十年印度人将在全球各个领域大放异彩。

Sandeep Mehta
Congress policies were so bad until 2004, by that time all great brains had left India. Corrupt congress looted India.
2004 to 2010, they tried but succeeded partly as progress cannot come when decision was slow,
every decision by PM ManMohan Singh Ji had to be blessed by party chief, who had no qualifications but controlled PM.
2014 onwards India has grown drastically under PM Modi Ji
Defense Improved with Rafael Jets deal and borders secured.
FDI 1947–2014 - 300 billion
FDI 2014–2021 - 600 billion Doubled.
same with electricity in villages, doubled
same with highways almost doubled
same with metro railways almost doubled
same with insurance coverage of people, more than doubled
same with financial inclusion
brough back MADE IN INDIA with ease of doing business
This year 2021, there were 42 Indian unicorns, over 7000 start up companies raised 2 million dollar plus.

直到 2004 年，国大党的政策都糟糕透顶，那时所有优秀人才都已离开印度。腐败的国大党洗劫了印度。
2004 至 2010 年间，他们尝试过但仅取得部分成功，因为决策迟缓时难以取得进展，
曼莫汉·辛格总理的每项决策都需获得党内领袖首肯，这位领袖虽无管理国家的资格却掌控着总理。
2014 年后，印度在莫迪总理领导下实现了跨越式发展。
国防方面通过阵风战机交易得到提升，边境安全也得到巩固。
1947-2014 年外国直接投资 - 3000 亿美元。
2014-2021 年外国直接投资 - 6000 亿美元（翻倍）。
农村电力同样翻倍。
高速公路建设也几乎翻倍。
地铁线路几乎翻了一番。
民众保险覆盖率同样如此，增长超过一倍。
普惠金融领域亦是如此。
通过改善营商环境重振"印度制造"。
2021 年，印度诞生了 42 家独角兽企业，7000 多家初创公司融资超过 200 万美元。

Anil Sharma
Its very good prose ……you can smell “industry” upbringing in the “text” itself…
India’s growth and last 70 years of “international” view of it with good quality pictures…… In 1980s when I was “social studies” student in school … we did read about (Topics and Talks):
Business Environment, License Raj; Foreign education specially in “electronics” & “computers” in US/Japan; Grass-root development that can hardy “learn” from international examples ..forget about following or keeping pace…plus burden of “history” of India and “latent” Talent (mostly science & maths) that it had as “Sone ki Chiyra”…… international relationships of India pre-independence … like visitors, invaders & foreign students :)

这段文字写得很好……你能从"字里行间"嗅到"工业"气息的熏陶……
印度过去 70 年的发展历程及其在国际视野中的形象变迁（配以精美图片）…上世纪 80 年代我在学校修读"社会科学"课程时…我们确实研读过以下主题和讨论：
商业环境与许可证制度；赴美日等国专攻"电子"与"计算机"的海外教育；那些几乎无法从国际案例中"借鉴"的草根发展——更遑论追随或同步…再加上印度"历史"的沉重包袱，以及被称为"金鸟"的潜在人才（主要集中在科学与数学领域）…独立前印度的国际交往史…诸如访客、侵略者与留学生等 :)

Things have changed…..last 40 years had been different for many parts of the world like China, South-east Asia, Middle-East, Latin America and of-course include “India” in the list ……as we had leadership (including political) that was more interested in “global” over just local …. significant “global” growth of India is generation “experience”… I bet that would result in even bigger “social shift” and cultural variety of sort…

时移世易…过去 40 年对世界诸多地区而言都截然不同，包括中国、东南亚、中东、拉美，当然这份名单里少不了"印度"…因为我们拥有更关注"全球"而不仅限于本土的领导者（含政治领袖）…印度显著的"全球性"成长是代际"经验"的积累…我敢断言这将引发更宏大的"社会转型"与文化多样性变革…

…Lots of other “areas” would need to be developed so that we could match newly created “modernity” that India sort of invented in last 40 years (a mix of eastern, middle and western world all at the same time and BTW all sectors whether :its “education, infra, financial, transportation or science and technology) but what about the “social sectors” so that growth remains homogenous and could become easily digestible by all sections of society: things like sociology, anthropology, relationship-philosophies

…还有许多其他"领域"需要发展，才能匹配印度在过去 40 年间创造的那种新型"现代性"（同时融合了东方、中东和西方世界的元素，且横跨教育、基建、金融、交通和科技等所有领域）。但"社会领域"的发展同样重要——只有让社会学、人类学、关系哲学等软性学科同步成长，才能确保发展成果被社会各阶层均衡吸收。
印度通过全球化进程形成的混合社会形态极为独特（存在更多阶层、伪种姓和层级划分），因为这个国家自古就是比幅员最辽阔的"中国"更加多元的文明拼图……

Nikhil Bhaskaran Follow
Having lived in both countries and as part of the technology industry here is my take :
India and China both produce some high quality talent in technology like any other country but even a small % from these countries translate to a huge number because of sheer population size.
Now what are the opportunities for these smarties ?
Indians :
1)Take a job in USA or Europe the best of all options , because it is merit based , well paid and comfortable life .Try to compete,go up the corporate ladder and feel first class citizen of different country.
2)Try to do something in India and there is a small chance you may succeed in a highly feudal system controlled by the powerful and a semi merit based one so it is way way too hard compared to option 1 and the quality of life is nowhere near to west.

作为在两国都生活过且身处科技行业的一员，我的看法如下：
印度和中国与其他国家一样，都培养出了一些高质量的科技人才，但由于庞大的人口基数，即使这些人才只占很小的比例，其绝对数量也十分可观。
那么这些聪明人有哪些发展机会呢？
印度人：
1) 最佳选择是在美国或欧洲工作，因为那里以能力为本、薪资优厚且生活舒适。努力竞争，攀登企业晋升阶梯，感受成为异国一等公民的体验。
2) 尝试在印度发展事业，但在这个由权贵掌控的高度封建化、弱能力导向的体系中，成功几率微乎其微。与第一种选择相比难度呈几何级增长，生活质量更是远逊于西方世界。

Chinese:  
1)Start something of their own in China, growing domestic market , great infrastructure , talent pool availability , ease of doing business , easy capital availability , feel like first class citizen since it is their own country where westerners find it hard to compete with them.
2) Move to corporate America , work crazy hard always feel like a second class citizen .Miss their country and culture .
Summary : So for Indians corporate America/Europe is the only good option available so most try for it and give it their best and get to top CEO posts while for Chinese there are Chinese companies , their own startups and many other options within China so many of them give it a pass and try to compete with American corporations instead of working for them and that changes the number of CEOs west can get from China.

中国人：
1) 在中国自主创业，这里有蓬勃发展的本土市场、完善的基础设施、充足的人才储备、便利的营商环境、易于获取的资本支持。作为本国公民享有头等公民待遇，西方竞争者难以在此立足。
2) 进入美国企业界，拼命工作却总感觉是二等公民。思念故土与文化。
总结：因此对印度人而言，欧美企业是唯一优质选择，大多数人为此全力以赴并登上 CEO 高位；而中国人则拥有本土企业、自主创业等众多国内选择，许多人选择放弃为欧美企业效力，转而与美企竞争——这改变了西方能从中国获得的 CEO 数量。

Dongzhe Su
Hope India’s smart people one day will prefer working for their own country rather than work for the west. It’s now only China as a developing country competing with the west, in general India is still sacrificing themselves for the west’s benifit. A strong and confident India is good for China and the world.

希望印度的精英们有朝一日能选择为自己的祖国效力，而非为西方工作。目前只有中国作为发展中国家与西方竞争，而印度总体上仍在为西方利益牺牲自我。一个强大而自信的印度对中国和世界都是好事。

Nikhil Bhaskaran
Sounds very emotional !! Most people choose practically easy path. Though I personally chose a different route for myself by coming back to India and starting here I can fully understand people who choose to go abroad .

听起来很情绪化！多数人选择实际更轻松的道路。虽然我个人选择回国发展的不同道路，但我完全理解选择出国的人。

Boss · Mon
Reservation for donkeys. Best brains go abroad. The donkeys corner the govt jobs.

蠢驴们占据要职。精英人才远赴海外，政府职位尽归庸才。

Glenn Lee · Tue
Most of the Indian in CEO positions are definitely more Eurocentric than any Chinese can ever be. The Chinese tend to start their own business; note there are several Chinese in hi positions and some of them started their own business. The best of the Indians are abroad; the best of the Chinese are in China or returning to China.

担任 CEO 职位的印度人大多比任何中国人都更具欧洲中心主义倾向。中国人更倾向于自主创业；值得注意的是，有几位身居高位的华人都是自己创业起家的。最优秀的印度人在海外；最优秀的中国人则留在中国或正回归中国。

Prashant Kumar Follow
Indians have a slave mentality. Since time immemorial we have been enslaved, first by the Islamic rulers, and then by the Britishers, now it is the American tech giants. They love being slaves. They love working for American companies, because they don’t want to risk it, they play it safe, so instead of innovating, instead of creating anything new, they get settled for foreign companies, they start toiling for their American masters.
This slave mentality permeates our culture, it is inherent to every Indian. Everyone here wants to play it safe, to traverse the most traveled road.
Chinese, on the other hand, are innovative and ingenious. They create their own FB, Google, YouTube and become CEOs of these.
Which of these is better for one’s country?, I ask you.

印度人具有奴隶心态。自远古时代起，我们就先后被伊斯兰统治者、英国殖民者奴役，如今又沦为美国科技巨头的附庸。他们甘为奴隶，热衷为美国企业卖命——因为不愿承担风险，只求安稳度日。他们不去创新，不去开拓新领域，而是安于为外国公司打工，开始为美国主子们做牛做马。
这种奴性思维渗透在我们的文化中，是每个印度人与生俱来的特质。这里人人都想求稳，只愿走那条最多人走过的路。
而中国人则充满创新精神与智慧。他们打造自己的脸书、谷歌、油管，并成为这些企业的掌舵人。
请问这两种模式，哪种更有利于国家发展？

Flying Pasta Monster Follow
They don’t trust Chinese  
Chinese are not very good at social and office politics
Language barriers  
Chinese don’t know how to promote themselves. A Chinese whose skill level is 90% looks like a person with a skill level of 70%, while Indians are just the opposite.
Chinese in the United States don’t help each other. Some Chinese hate other Chinese more than people from any other country.
Didn’t get enough respect.
The smartest Chinese are probably in China, instead of work for others, they tend to have their startup.

他们不信任中国人：中国人不太擅长社交和办公室政治。
语言障碍：中国人不善于自我推销。一个实际能力达到 90%的中国人，看起来像只有 70%的水平，而印度人恰恰相反。
在美华人缺乏互助精神：有些中国人对其他中国人的厌恶程度，甚至超过对其他任何国家的人。
得不到足够的尊重：聪明的中国人很可能留在中国，他们更倾向于自主创业而非为他人工作。

Anjneya Chaturvedi
no , the smartest Chinese are here in america . Breathing fresh air

不，最聪明的中国人在美国这里，呼吸着新鲜空气...

Flying Pasta Monster
Maybe, but the deep state doesn’t trust them. They are probably working under their PPT artist Indian supervisors or arrogant American bosses. I don’t think any Chinese who is smart and has ambitions will be happy with that. So, the smartest Indians are here in America, not necessarily Chinese. Even if there are, they are not being trusted.

或许如此，但深层政府并不信任他们。这些人很可能在 PPT 制作大师印度上司或傲慢的美国老板手下工作。我不认为任何聪明且有抱负的中国人会对此感到满意。因此，最聪明的印度人在美国这里，而中国人未必如此。即便有，他们也不受信任。

Luit Paran Baishya Follow
Its a tale of a weak and limited effective State vs a high end effective State.
Chinese State is able to ensure domestic order, provide a vision to its populace about their place in the globe and is able to develop domestic markets and human resources over time and get the elite students who go to West to study…back; and ensure they are able to contribute to develop domestic industries. It is clearly visible in the constant improvement of Chinese goods and services over time.
Indian State has failed to do the above. Vision-less, mired with entitlement culture; Indian State has failed to develop any ecosystem which can absorb highly trained Indian Students who go to study in the West.
Left with no option; basically abandoned by own State, those orphan Indian Students end up being highly paid executives (“Munim ji”) for Western Investors and filling labour shortages, serving their vision.
Industrialization and high technology are a function of your State’s capacity to organize and mobilize people, after all.

这反映了一个低效弱势国家与高效强势国家的对比。
中国政府能够确保国内秩序，向民众阐明他们在全球格局中的定位，并逐步培育国内市场与人力资源，同时吸引赴西方留学的精英学子归国效力，确保他们能为本土产业发展贡献力量。这一点从中国商品与服务质量的持续提升中清晰可见。
印度政府未能做到上述几点。缺乏远见，沉溺于特权文化；印度政府未能建立任何能够吸纳那些赴西方深造的印度高材生的生态系统。
由于别无选择，基本上被自己的国家抛弃，这些"孤儿"般的印度学生最终成为西方投资者的高薪高管，填补劳动力短缺，为他们的愿景服务。
毕竟，工业化和高科技是国家组织动员能力的一种体现。

Ben Haryo
so many innovations in the West were partially invented through the hard works of Indian immigrants..
Indian Engineer Shiraj Shivji was heavily involved in the creation of Commodore 64 and Atari ST computers..
Ajay Bhatt invented the USB port..
Vinod Dham led the development of Pentium processor..

西方许多创新成果都部分得益于印度移民的辛勤贡献。
印度工程师 Shiraj Shivji 深度参与了 Commodore 64 和 Atari ST 电脑的研发工作。
Ajay Bhatt 发明了 USB 接口。
Vinod Dham 主导了奔腾处理器的开发。

Luit Paran Baishya
Yes.  As Indian State has failed to absorb these highly trained people into Indian economy, they are fully absorbed into Western Economies as highly productive members.

是的。由于印度政府未能将这些高素质人才吸纳进本国经济体系，他们最终以高效生产力成员的身份完全融入了西方经济体。

Alyasa Gan Follow
China are more developed because they attract their brains back to China by paying them huge money and making them millionaires. Chinese happily return to China because they are more comfortable in China than the west.
Indians bring their family out of India and stayed in the west after they succeed in their study and make their home there.
Brainy Indian people are more comfortable in the west and thrive in those area. Indian people therefore thrive the west and brainy Chinese people return to their root more.
Chinese people litsen to the call of the motherland and thats the Chinese culture though not all generally speaking.

中国经济更发达是因为通过高薪吸引人才回国并让他们成为百万富翁。中国人乐于回到中国，因为他们在本土比在西方更自在。
印度人学有所成后会将家人带出印度，在西方定居安家。
聪明的印度人在西方更如鱼得水，能在那里蓬勃发展。因此印度人在西方大展拳脚，而聪慧的中国人更倾向于回归故土。
中国人响应祖国的召唤，这是中国文化的一部分，虽然并非人人如此，但总体而言确是如此。

There are a lot of scientist that return to China from the west that combined Chinese technology with the west which they call copy bùt of cause is learned not copy. These explosion of knowledge pemeated rapidly in China and widely too.
India is having the effect of brain drain while China is having brain growth. The effect of brain drain is a divider and and brain growth exponential. The different is for example 2×2×2=8 and on the other side 2÷2÷2 =1/2…one the fusion and one of the opposite.
When 2 tech combine the effect is exponential and when technology is lost in one area the other stagnant. Remember NASA have lost the technology to go to the moon. True or false but the news is intriging.

许多科学家从西方回到中国，将中国技术与西方技术相结合，他们称之为借鉴而非抄袭。这些知识的爆发在中国迅速且广泛地传播开来。
印度正经历人才外流的效应，而中国则处于人才增长的态势。人才外流会产生分裂效应，而人才增长则呈指数级发展。两者的差异好比 2×2×2=8 与 2÷2÷2=1/2 的对比……一方是融合，一方是背离。
当两种技术结合时会产生指数级效应，而当某一领域的技术流失时，另一领域就会停滞不前。记得 NASA 已失去重返月球的技术吗？不论真假，这则新闻都发人深省。

Alyasa Gan
All qualified Chinese returned to China because the future are better and there are a lot of big corporation giving good perks for Chinese to go back. Scientist are sometime paid better in China than in US. The Chinese are patriotic and return to their motherland . Many Chinese returned to set up their own company. Currently there are lttlle different between opportunity in China vs US. That is not the case with Indian. The creams stayed in US and many more Indian prefer the US than their own country.

所有符合条件的中国人都回到了中国，因为这里前景更好，许多大企业为归国人才提供优厚待遇。科学家在中国的收入有时甚至超过美国。中国人具有爱国情怀，愿意回归祖国。许多人回国创办了自己的企业。如今中美两国的机遇差距已微乎其微。但印度的情况截然不同——精英阶层选择留在美国，更多印度人更青睐美国而非自己的祖国。

R.C.D Follow
Seeing this problem, I think of Qian Xuesen, a Chinese who founded the China National Space Administration and has planned China's entire space strategy until now. Coincidentally, Qian Xuesen is also the head of the preparatory team of NASA, and can be said to be the key founder of NASA. Qian Xuesen would rather not have a high salary, rather be put in prison for many years, rather risk assassination, but also return to China to help China set up a space agency. That's why American companies have many Indian CEOs and few Chinese ones. Now there are two space stations in space, one is NASA, the other is China Aerospace, and both are the pride of Qian Xuesen.

看到这个问题，我想到了钱学森——这位创立了中国国家航天局并规划了中国至今整体航天战略的中国人。巧合的是，钱学森同时也是美国宇航局筹备组的负责人，可以说是 NASA 的关键奠基人。钱学森宁愿放弃高薪，宁愿多年身陷囹圄，宁愿冒着被暗杀的风险，也要回到中国帮助祖国建立航天机构。这就是为什么美国企业有很多印度裔 CEO 而华裔却很少。如今太空中运行着两个空间站，一个是 NASA 的，一个是中国航天的，两者都是钱学森的骄傲。

Xu Follow
Indians are so funny. They actually think that being a butler to the Queen of England is equivalent to becoming a royal family. Indian executives essentially work for Americans. They are American companies, not your Indian ones. American companies earn Every penny has nothing to do with Indians. It’s amazing to give Indians some money to work for themselves.

印度人真可笑。他们居然以为给英国女王当管家就等于成了皇室成员。印度高管本质上是在为美国人打工。那些都是美国公司，不是你们印度的。美国公司赚的每一分钱都和印度人无关。给印度人发点工资让他们为自己干活，就觉得了不起了，真是匪夷所思。

RPM Follow
This question actually answer of why India continue lack behind China and the West, China and India from this question really show of different mentality, Chinese mentality is How to created own giant industry, technology & science research,infrastructure and Business company can compete or even surpass western counterpart, By being independent and created own Chinese corporation or business that dominated in international market in all sector which laid bedrock from Important Education and using It's citizen pondering intellectual to create this opportunity to developed China as successful developed and prosper nation in the future, By give a infrastructure,facility and support the Chinese intellectual and so made Chinese Intellectual is patriotic and proud

这个问题实际上解释了为何印度持续落后于中国和西方。从中印两国对此问题的态度差异，可窥见思维方式的根本不同——中国人思考的是如何打造自主的巨型产业、科技研发体系、基础设施和商业帝国，使之具备与西方抗衡甚至超越的实力。通过培育能在各领域主导国际市场的本土企业，以优质教育为基石，激发国民智慧潜能，将中国建设成未来的繁荣发达国家。政府通过基建投入、政策扶持培养爱国知识分子，使其以报效祖国为荣。

Meanwhile In India mentality are “being proud and honor” Because Indian intellectual is flee from India due to rampant Goverment corruption and Risk from Indian people safety and lack of infrastructure to support it's opportunity resulted they are flee from India to Western countries, and when they became CEO Indian feeling proud, Note that even Indian is CEO, the company and it's industry is not India based, It's own corporate or Western based or interest.

与此同时，印度的普遍心态是"感到骄傲与光荣"。由于印度政府腐败猖獗、民众安全缺乏保障、基础设施无法支撑发展机遇，导致印度知识分子纷纷逃离故土前往西方国家。当这些人成为 CEO 时，印度人感到无比自豪——需注意的是，即便 CEO 是印度裔，这些企业及其产业根基并不在印度，而是隶属于西方企业集团或代表西方利益。