美国为何在太阳能竞赛中输给中国？

Solar panels will be the main source of renewable energy in 2030, and they’re mostly made in China. For the United States, the accelerating pace of the climate crisis has quickly turned this industrial reality into a strategic threat.
US President Joe Biden and Congress have allocated billions of dollars to put solar panels on homes and factories and in fields. But when it comes to gaining ground on manufacturing solar hardware, Beijing has a 20-year headstart.
With Climate Week and COP28 looming, Bloomberg’s reporters and analysts analyze America’s prospects in this critically important piece of the energy transition.

到2030年，太阳能电池板将成为可再生能源的主要来源，而且它们大部分在中国制造。对美国来说，气候危机的加速已迅速将这一工业现实转变为战略威胁。美国总统拜登和国会已拨款数十亿美元，用于在住宅、工厂和田野上安装太阳能电池板。但在太阳能硬件制造方面，北京已经领先20年。随着气候周和联合国气候变化大会的临近，彭博社的记者和分析师分析了美国在这一至关重要的能源转型领域的前景。

@abuyusufabdulhakim952
As the US is using semiconductors against China for geopolitical reasons, Bloomberg (without a hint of irony) worries that China may use solar panels for geopolitical reasons.

美国正以地缘政治为由对华实施半导体管制，而彭博社（毫无讽刺意味地）竟担忧中国会将太阳能电池板用作地缘政治武器。

@nmew6926
When China sent taikonaut in space for the first time in 2003, Western media discarded that event as only for PRESTIGE. They said China would better save their limited resources and talents to develop their economy instead of focusing on space and moon landing. But China prove them they have talents for every domain.

2003年中国首次将航天员送入太空时，西方媒体轻蔑地将其贬为"面子工程"，声称中国应该把有限的资源和人才用于经济发展而非太空探索，但中国用实际行动证明了自己在各个领域都人才辈出。

@jzeng2022
First, China itself has huge domestic demand for solar panels. In addition, China has a complete industrial chain in solar panels, and China's huge production scale and complete automated production lines have greatly reduced costs. The main thing is that China is not only a producer of cheap solar panels, but also a technology leader. leader. Don't complain about Chinese subsidies for solar panels. All countries are subsidizing them. Don't Germany, Japan, and the United States have subsidies? Just like today's electric cars. When Japan and Germany controlled solar panel production and technology, how many countries could afford solar power? China cannot afford solar panels made in Germany and Japan, so it has had to develop the industry on its own.

首先，中国自身对太阳能电池板就有巨大的需求。其次，中国拥有完整的光伏产业链，庞大的生产规模和全自动化生产线极大降低了成本。关键在于中国不仅是廉价太阳能板的生产者，更是技术引领者。别拿中国补贴说事——就像如今的电动车行业，德日美哪个国家没有补贴？当年日德垄断太阳能板生产技术时，几个国家用得起光伏发电？中国当初也负担不起德日的产品，才被迫自主发展这一产业。

@thevindictive6145
When solar first came out it was expensive. It remained that way forever until China entered the market. Well done.

太阳能技术问世时价格高昂，在中国入局前始终如此。干得漂亮。

@marktrinidad7650
How dare the Chinese identified solar as the next big thing. Only America should have the right on the best big profitable thing.

中国人竟敢认定太阳能是下一个风口？这种利润丰厚的好事，理当只有美国才有资格主导。

@jaysu8669
The question to ask is that why China has won all industries emerging in last 20 years - solar, wind, drone, EVs, etc.

真正该问的是：为何过去20年所有新兴产业——太阳能、风电、无人机、电动汽车等——最终都被中国主导？

@astronetstre
The biggest obstacle facing the domestic solar industry is due to the American own oil industry. US oil industry is so successful globally that it become it's own weakness.
On the other hand, China lacks reliable global oil network. It's forced to invest in alternatives in case of oil embargo by the West. That's where China megaboom in solar energy happened.
US businesses, meanwhile, would rather invest hundreds of billions into more oil rigs than renewable energy.
It's not the lack of investment. Its the success of traditional oil industries. Tax the oil companies and support the solar industry, and you will see real change.

美国太阳能产业的最大阻碍恰恰来自其强大的石油工业。美国石油业全球称霸的成功，反而成了自身发展的软肋。
反观中国，因缺乏稳定的全球石油供应网络，为防范西方禁运而被迫发展替代能源，这才催生了太阳能产业的爆发式增长。
当下的美国企业仍然宁愿砸数千亿新建钻井平台，也不愿意投资可再生能源。
问题不在资金短缺，而在于传统的石油工业太过成功。唯有对石油公司课税并扶持太阳能产业，才能真正破局。

@qingzhou9983
EU imposed close to 50% tariff on Chinese Solar Panel in 2014. That did not save EU's solar industry. You just simply can't achieve both increasing Solar Energy and Blocking Chinese Solar Panel at the same time.

2014年欧盟对中国太阳能板征收近50%的关税，却未能挽救本土产业。既要发展太阳能，又要抵制中国产品，这根本是自相矛盾。

@joebloggs7058
Even though I'm from an industrialised, developed country, I know that you cannot rely on the USA to push unless there is some reason for competition. USA did not get where it is by advancing, it got there by suffocating anyone else who was advancing, and claiming the win for themselves.

尽管我来自工业化发达国家，但我深知不能指望美国推动进步——除非涉及竞争。美国的领先地位并非靠自我革新取得，而是通过扼杀其他进步者，再将胜利据为己有。

@EastMilk
Even if the US could catch up with the manufacturing capacity, how is it going to compete with the low prices that China has been offering to the global market?

即便美国能追上中国的制造规模，又该如何抗衡中国多年来为全球市场提供的低价优势？

@jackjhmc820
China has invested hundreds of billions in green energy, more than Europe and US combined in any given year. Instead of wasting trillions on forever wars, even cutting back defense budget by one tenth and invest in renewables would help the industry a lot.

中国在绿色能源领域投入了数千亿美元，比欧美任何单年度的投资总和都要多。与其在无休止的战争中浪费数万亿美元，哪怕将国防预算削减十分之一转投可再生能源，都足以推动行业巨变。

@AlexdaCunha
Making imports more expensive or more difficult means the products made in the country are more expensive/worse than the ones that come from abroad. This always means the increase in price for Solar panels

抬高进口成本或设置贸易壁垒只会导致本土产品比进口货更贵、更差，这必然造成太阳能板的价格上涨。

@trumpbuddha1053
China is currently directing its attention towards semiconductor chips, anticipating a notable drop in their prices, similar to what we've observed with NVME SSDs. Have you not noticed the substantial decrease in NVME prices? This is attributable to the Chinese successfully advancing NVME technology and initiating local production in China, all competitors like Samsung, Micro have to drop the price in order to compete.

中国正将注意力转向半导体芯片，预计其价格将如NVMe固态硬盘般大幅下降。难道你没发现NVMe价格暴跌？这正是中国突破技术并实现本土化生产的成果——三星、美光等竞争对手被迫降价应战。

@willeisinga2089
I have 50 Solar Panels made in China. For 12 Years now. Supergood. Heatpump made in China. Inductioncooking No Gas Needed. I wait for NIO SwapNGo Stations in the EU. Support China ❤️ for Clean Solar Energy.

我家装了50块中国产的太阳能板，12年来性能卓越。中国产的热泵、电磁灶让我彻底告别了燃气。期待蔚来换电站在欧洲铺开。我支持中国的清洁能源事业！

@hurrikkkanes2533
China already solidified its position in solar, wind, new energy vehicles, and recently since the huawei ban, they have been focusing on semiconductors from logic chips, rf, lithography, etc. in 2-5 years, we all know the result, ultra cheap ssds and graphics cards for the world!!!

中国已在太阳能、风电和新能源汽车领域确立了主导地位。自华为遭禁后，中国更全力攻关逻辑芯片、射频、光刻机等半导体技术。2-5年后结果显而易见——全球将迎来超低价固态硬盘和显卡的时代！
@水蛭o

Fun fact, since China developed memory particles, there have been no fires in Samsung factories and SSD prices have been falling. In China, you can already buy a 2T solid-state drive for 200 yuan. Therefore, the development of high technology in China will benefit mankind, but people who make money from high technology will be unhappy.

有一个有趣的现象：自中国攻克存储颗粒技术后，三星的 工厂再也没有发生过火灾，固态硬盘的价格持续走低。在中国，200元就能买到2T固态硬盘。可见中国的高科技发展正在造福人类，但那些靠技术垄断牟利者会很不高兴。

@Callingnone
Kudos to China. Hardly a reason to spite them. US renewable energy adoption at state level politics ensured Citizens find it more more expensive to install roof top Solar in many states and then rely on conventional technologies that Local Electricity companies used. The lobbying that went on in states like Florida and Arizona is quite honestly disgusting and should amount to treachery for selling their own country. Only a country like US can invent something so useful and lose it all to greedy corporations short term thinking.

必须为中国点赞，我实在没有理由诋毁他们。美国各州的可再生能源政策导致居民安装屋顶太阳能的成本高昂，被迫依赖电力公司的传统技术。佛罗里达和亚利桑那等州的游说活动简直令人作呕，堪称出卖国家的叛国行径。也只有美国这种国家在发明了如此有用的技术之后，却因贪婪企业的短视而尽失优势。

@bobseetheworld3931
The solar energy industry is currently in a state of intense competition. In the last round of solar energy competition, almost all players went bankrupt. Today, China's solar industry has produced almost all the solar panels that can be used around the world. It is almost impossible for U.S. solar companies to compete because of cost and technology mass production supply chain issues. If the United States adopts trade protection and sets high tariffs to block Chinese photovoltaic products, the United States will ultimately suffer high costs and reduce carbon emissions far behind the world's progress. It can be said that China’s photovoltaic industry has no real competitors. Because no other followers can be seen behind the leader. . . . .

当前太阳能产业的竞争白热化。在上一轮行业洗牌中，几乎所有的玩家都破产了。如今全球使用的太阳能板几乎都产自中国。受成本和技术量产供应链的限制，美国太阳能企业几乎无法参与竞争。若美国采取贸易保护，通过高关税阻挡中国的 光伏产品，最终只会自食恶果——既承受高昂的成本，又在减排进程上大幅落后。可以说中国的光伏产业已无真正的对手，因为领跑者的身后根本看不到追赶者的身影......

@jkuang
US is not just losing the solar war to China. It is losing the chip war to China. And it is losing the EV car war to China. China does not just produce; it produces with efficiency and quality. They now can produce 7nm chips for their high performance Huawei Mate 60 Pro which, mind you, is also a satellite phone. And they are now the largest car exporter in the world, just surpassing Japan at the beginning of the year. And most of these exported cars are EV cars. These EV cars are loaded with luxury features, heavy steel frxs and doors, and with the battery that supplies for the world.
Yeah, China is the REAL DEAL. Make friend; work with China. That is the right decision.

美国不仅在太阳能领域输给了中国，还在芯片战、电动汽车战中节节败退。中国的优势不仅是制造，更是高效优质的制造。华为Mate 60 Pro搭载的7纳米芯片（注意这还是一部卫星电话）就是明证。今年初中国刚超越日本成为全球最大的汽车出口国，其中大部分是电动汽车。这些电动汽车不仅配置豪华、采用厚重钢制车身，更配备了供应全球的电池技术。
中国是实打实的强者。与其为敌，不如携手合作——这才是明智之举。

@musicman53
Tony Seba predicted the current cost and scale of solar in his 2009 book "Solar Trillions", for which he was roundly rubbished at the time. He has been yelling from the rooftops for 14 years that the dramatic solar learning curves means it would be outcompeting fossil energy by about now, but the Chinese were the only ones who took serious notice.

托尼·塞巴早在2009年《Solar Trillions》中就预言了当前太阳能的价格和规模，当时却被众人嘲笑。14年来他不断疾呼：太阳能惊人的学习曲线将使其约在此时超越化石能源——但只有中国真正听进去了。

@twogamer7149
Boosting demand is a critical element. US is a big energy consumption market. Instead of nuclear energy, boost solar energy in US market is completely within US own decision. In this regard, it is not all a bad thing that China has taken a lead. China domestic market is making this shift to solar instead of nuclear or fossil, which leads to much smaller CO2 footprint. That is a benefit for the world ecosystem.

刺激需求是关键。美国作为能源消费大国，选择扶持太阳能而非核能本是自主决策。就此而言，中国的领先并非坏事。中国的国内市场正转向太阳能而非核能或化石能源，大幅降低了碳足迹——这对全球生态系统实属利好。

@MBS_KSA
While US is always talking, talking, talking, China is always doing, doing and doing. China wont waste a single second on making beautiful powerpoint slides, they just show the products.

美国永远停留在空谈阶段，而中国始终在实干。中国不屑浪费时间做漂亮的PPT，他们直接拿出产品说话。

@hongmama1245
Let's be realistic, how long do you think US can continue to subsidize made in US solar panels? Hiring a person in US cost more than 10x and yield maybe 60% of productivity.

现实点说，你觉得美国还能补贴本土太阳能板多久？美国的人力成本是中国的10倍多，生产效率却可能只有中国的60%。

@gregcollins3404
Solar panels are well under 30cents/watt wholesale while in most states, the retail cost is $3/watt.
The problem to more solar adoption is utility roadblocks, NEC code foolishness like rapid shutdown, and building dept hassle.

太阳能板的批发价已跌破0.3美元/瓦，但多数州的零售价仍然高达3美元/瓦。推广太阳能的最大阻碍来自：电力公司设卡、NEC规范中"快速关断"等荒谬条款，以及建筑部门的繁琐审批。

@galaxymetta5974
USA must be mad to imagine it could stop China progress. Just by population size alone, China has many more geniuses, scientists, researchers, engineers etc, invest more in R&D, has better government support, bigger market and a culture of diligence/discipline entirely lacking in the USA. Plus China has reached a critical mass to power its own rapid progress. Cheers.

美国妄想阻止中国的发展简直是痴人说梦。单就人口基数而言，中国就拥有更多天才、科学家、研究员和工程师，他们的研发投入更大，政府支持更强，市场规模更广，还有美国完全缺失的勤奋守纪文化。更何况中国已经形成推动快速发展的临界规模。干得漂亮。

@jacksonjohn7644
Only China can provide the world with cheap and high-quality solar panels, and do well. Can you imagine how expensive American made goods are? China is the hope of humanity.

唯有中国能持续为世界提供质优价廉的太阳能板。你根本无法想象美国制造有多昂贵——中国才是人类的希望。

@cman86s
One of the other major reasons why the US is lagging behind in sustainable energy advancements is the significant influence of the fossil fuel lobbyists in Washington DC.
Historically, these lobbyists have channeled vast sums of money into political campaigns, ensuring their interests are protected. There have been numerous documented instances where these financial contributions coincided with policy decisions favouring the fossil fuel industry over cleaner alternatives.
Comparatively, countries leading in sustainable energy innovations, like Denmark and Germany, have more robust policies that limit corporate influence in political decisions.
Thankfully, there seems to be a shift in the tide. The recent passage of the Build Back Better Act through Congress under the Biden administration is a hopeful sign that the US is starting to prioritise sustainable energy solutions over entrenched fossil fuel interests

美国在可持续能源领域落后的另一主因是化石燃料游说集团在华盛顿的巨大影响力。
历史上，这些游说者将巨额资金注入政治竞选，确保其利益受到保护。大量的记录显示这些政治献金往往与偏向化石燃料而非清洁能源的政策决策如影随形。
相比之下，丹麦、德国等可持续能源领先的国家有着更严格限制企业干政的政策体系。
值得欣慰的是风向正在转变。拜登政府推动国会通过的《重建更好法案》标志着美国开始将可持续能源置于传统化石燃料的利益之上。

@TojiFushigoroWasTaken
China has a strategic advantage which it has capitalized over the past decade...no amount of money poured will make us the next solar manufacturing hub. There are a lot of problems like homelessness, opioid abuse, declining cultural and moral values,rising cost of living, privatization of housing market, declining fertility which needs those funds urgently but nothing is being done about it

中国拥有战略优势并把握住了过去十年的机遇...即便投入再多资金，美国也成不了下一个太阳能制造中心。我们还有太多亟待解决的危机：无家可归者泛滥、阿片类药物滥用、文化道德价值观沦丧、生活成本飙升、住房市场私有化、生育率持续走低——这些领域才急需资金，却无人问津。

@mybooks-u7n
Before China entered the smartphone market, smartphones were also expensive. But very soon they started to deliver smartphones with almost all the features of expensive phones in cheap price. Then other companies also had to reduce prices.

在中国进入智能手机市场前，手机的价格居高不下，但很快中国就以低廉的价格提供了具备旗舰机功能的手机，迫使其他厂商纷纷降价。

@chrisyu98
the commentators don't seem to know what they are talking about. completely missing China's real advantages are, sure we could compete with China under two scenarios. 1) US adopts the CCP methods. 2) China adapts US methods. otherwise dream on.

这些评论者根本不明就里。要与中国竞争只有两种可能：1）美国采用中G的体制 2）中国改用美国模式。否则纯属痴心妄想。

@eldios831
I have to ask....does everything have to be a competition...if the world is moving sustainably and the contribution is coming from Mongolia or Timbuktu I think that's a positive for humanity....sometimes these super powers are exhausting can they please get their planet and move there

我不禁要问...难道凡事都要争个高下？只要世界在可持续发展，哪怕贡献来自蒙古或廷巴克图，对人类都是好事...这些超级大国有时真让人疲惫，能不能带着他们的星球搬走？

@JigilJigil
China has been heavily subsidizing it's solar industry for decades, they still do, that's how they dominated this industry like many others, we are speaking about 100s of billion of dollars of subsidies over the last 2 decades.

中国持续数十年重金补贴太阳能产业至今，这正是其在该领域——如同其他许多产业一样——取得主导地位的原因。过去20年间，相关的补贴累计已达数千亿美元之巨。

@StephenYuan
People who say the Chinese economy are about to collapse need to look at this. A boom in solar and the digital economy created growth this year despite the property sector's negative gdp contribution.

那些唱衰中国经济的人应该看看这个：尽管房地产业拖累GDP，但今年太阳能和数字经济的蓬勃发展仍然创造了可观的增长。

@xinyisuoshu
In the past decades, in the desolate Gobi and desert of northwest China, China has built a huge scale of solar and wind power generation, which is impossible for the United States to complete, and it is even difficult for the United States to build a decent high-speed rail.

过去几十年，中国在西北戈壁荒漠建成了规模惊人的风光发电体系——这是美国根本无力完成的壮举，毕竟他们连像样的高铁都难以建成。

@spinningweb749
Solar panels are not oil. The lifespan of solar panels is 25 to 35 years, same life span as a typical power plant. This is a one off investment for one generation. If China is willing to sell below their cost, just buy massively from them.
Even if China cut off the supply tomorrow, we will still have 25 years to sort out an alternative source of supply.

太阳能板不同于石油。其25-35年的使用寿命与传统电厂相当，堪称一代人的一次性投资。既然中国愿意亏本销售，那就应该大量采购。即便中国明天断供，我们仍有25年时间寻找替代方案。

@bernl178
The lesson from the last decade is this stop Wall Street investment from going so much abroad, a Wall Street why don't you invest in your own country. Oops sorry I didn't Factor greed Exploitation

过去十年给我们的教训是：必须阻止华尔街资本过度流向海外。华尔街的大佬们，为何不投资自己国家？哦抱歉，我忘了把贪婪剥削这个因素考虑进去。