2025年7月的欧洲电价

oin2111
Italy having higher electricity prices than a country in a war is crazy

意大利电价比一个正在战争的国家还高，这太疯狂了。

ITKozak
Ukrainian here. Local government currently preventing huge price increase for energy bills due to loose of jobs and limited purchasing power of avarage citizens. Also many peoples invested heavily in green energy solutions (solar power mainly) due to constant blackouts and overall shity situation with gas and electricity.

我来自乌克兰。目前地方政府为了防止普通民众失业和增加购买力，阻止了能源账单的大幅上涨。而且很多人因频繁停电及整体糟糕的燃气和电力情况，大量投资了绿色能源解决方案（主要是太阳能）。

That-Classroom-1359
This is market price not household price.

这是市场电价，不是居民电价。

TheVenetianMask
Market price is driven by demand, believe it or not.

市场价格由需求决定，相信不信由你。

Janaros
And what happens when people generate some of their electricity at home?

那如果人们在家自发发电，会发生什么？

That-Classroom-1359
It basically decreases the demand. However, think about hours when solar or wind power cannot be generated. That's why you need nuclear, hydro, gas, and coal power plants to cover the demand. These determine the price whenever those are turned on. Demand in Italy is almost never fully covered with solar or wind, so it needs additional power plant such as gas. Thats why price there is mostly determined by gas price and efficiency of those power plants. Same goes for germany when there is a lack of wind or solar.

这基本上会降低电网需求。然而，需要考虑太阳能或风能无法发电的时段。
这就是为什么需要核能、水力、天然气和燃煤电厂来满足需求。这些能源一旦启动便决定了电价。意大利的电力需求几乎从未完全由太阳能或风能覆盖，因此需要天然气等额外发电厂补充，这就是其电价主要受天然气价格及这类电厂发电效率影响的原因。德国在风能或太阳能不足时情况也是如此。

melvladimir
 It was a total scum last year to increase prices for everyone. We have plenty of cheap energy - nuclear power plants and hydroelectric plants. Only dirty energy plants were destroyed, but we already have a lot wind turbines and solar plants.
Commercial price of kWh is close to the cost of kWh from diesel generator! This is insanity!

去年提高电价完全是胡来。我们有大量便宜电力——核电厂和水电站。只用肮脏能源的电厂被关闭，但我们已经有很多风力和太阳能电站。商业电价几乎接近柴油发电机的成本！这太疯狂了！

qalmakka
Ah, who would have thought that going all-in on an expensive fuel from authoritarian countries instead of keeping nuclear reactors around and investing on solar Putin and Gaddafi looked like very nice people :(

啊，谁能想到，彻底依赖来自专制国家的昂贵燃料，而不是保留核反应堆并投资太阳能。普京和卡扎菲看起来曾是多么友善可亲啊 。

xXxMi
And uran comes from where?

铀从哪里来？

qalmakka
Uranium comes from Kazakhstan, Canada, Namibia, Australia mostly. There are no cartels that can set crazy prices, no need to regassify and bullcrap like that. And you need way less of it compared to oil or gas, which you must supply constantly. A nuclear power plant can run years without being refuelled, and the fuel is way easier to transport. It means you can't really threaten a country to withhold supplies, because you can just stock up decades of fuel and be done with it

铀主要来自哈萨克斯坦、加拿大、纳米比亚和澳大利亚。没有垄断集团可以随意定价，不需要像液化天燃气那样再气化什么的。而且所需量远低于石油或天然气，核电厂可以几年不加燃料，而且运输更方便。这意味着你无法真正通过断供威胁一个国家，因为可以储备几十年的燃料，一次解决。

xXxMi
Kazakhstan is also an authoritan country. Uran also comes from Russia. France gets their uranium also from Niger. Just check how great the mining operation works for them.

哈萨克斯坦同样是一个专制国家。铀矿也来自俄罗斯。法国所需的铀同样从尼日尔获取——不妨看看那里的采矿业务对他们而言运作得多么"出色"。

qalmakka
But Australia and Canada aren't. There's no shortage of Uranium suppliers, and you need so little of it and you can stock it for a very long time, so you'd basically need to get yourself embargoed to remain without any. France was so reliant from Niger because they are still with the foot half in Africa, they're having a very hard time at putting their old colonial dreams to rest.

但澳大利亚和加拿大不是。铀供应充足，用量也很少，还可以长期储备，所以基本上除非自我封锁，否则不会断供。法国依赖尼日尔是因为他们仍然半脚踏在非洲，难以放下旧殖民幻想。

6gv5
Government does what corporations owning them order them to do. I've put solar+batteries on the roof; it slashed heating costs by ~100€/month during colder winter months (not powerful enough to do more) and, aside taxes, AC costs during summer is essentially nil. Those greedy bastards recently even raised energy prices during early morning and late afternoon hours, that is, when those who put only solar panels without batteries can't generate electricity.

政府做的事都是企业让它做的。我在屋顶装了太阳能+电池；在寒冷冬季，供暖成本每月降低约100欧元（功率太低不足以做更多），夏季空调费用除了税几乎为零。那些贪婪的混蛋最近甚至在早晨和傍晚提高电价，也就是那些只装太阳能板没有电池的人无法发电的时段。

Alex-Man
As an Italian, this is the pure energy cost; on top of that there are a number of taxes and fee that push the MWh to around €300–350.
It is absurd to use the electricity bill as an extractive economic resource, with public distribution companies recording profits of about 50% of their revenues (Terna, e-distribuzione ecc), as if they belonged to the luxury sector.
This is one of the reasons why residential properties in Italy often stop at 3 kW of contracted power, a situation that is slowly changing for those who have the possibility to install photovoltaic systems. Otherwise, electrifying homes has involved prohibitive costs, which only recently have appeared more reasonable due to the natural gas crisis.

作为意大利人，图里只是纯电力成本；此外，还有许多税费，使每兆瓦时电价达到约300–350欧元。
用电费作为一种榨取经济资源的工具简直荒谬，公共配电公司（如Terna、e-distribuzione等）利润占收入约50%，就好像它们属于奢侈品行业。
这也是意大利住宅通常仅签约3千瓦电力的原因之一，对于有条件安装光伏系统的人，这种情况正在慢慢改变。家庭电气化成本一直高得惊人，直到近期由于天然气危机才显得更为合理。

spyko01
Iceland, heard that that's where it is the cheapest

冰岛，据说那里电费最便宜。

jesuismanu
Boiling water coming out of the ground freely makes for cheap electricity. And also heating.
I remember when I was living there (10 years ago) that in the winter the entire city of Reykjavik is heated, even the roads (makes sense from a safety perspective). Indoors it was often so warm that I either had to wear a t-shirt or people just opened a window.

冰岛地热资源丰富，使电力和供暖都很便宜。我记得十年前住在那里时，冬天整个雷克雅未克市区都供暖，甚至道路也供暖（从安全角度很合理）。室内通常很暖，我要么穿短袖，要么人们直接开窗。

dontbuybatavus
Ok this is a bad chart but also very misunderstood by most here.
These are wholesale prices, for electricity only.
Divide by 10 to get the unit you pay in, cents per kWh.
So for in Germany electricity cost 9ct/kwh when purchased on the day ahead market in July. No utility actually uses only these prices as they are hedged beforehand.

好吧，这张图很差，而且大多数人也理解错了。
这是批发价，仅针对电力本身。
除以10就能得到你支付的单位价格，欧分/千瓦时。
以德国为例，7月日前市场上的电力采购价为9分/千瓦时。但实际上没有哪家公用事业公司会完全按这个价格交易，因为他们会提前进行对冲操作。

Smithravi
 I used to pay 28ct/kWh, now it costs 34ct/kWh for the same provider. They have increased.

我以前支付28分/千瓦时，现在同一供应商要34分/千瓦时。他们涨价了。

TranslatorLivid685
Looking at EU prices from Russia here.
Just to compare: In Russia today it's like 7-8 rubles/kWh or 0,085ct/kWh in euro for end home consumer.
Buisness often pays like x2 from home consumers price if your office\\\\shop is not in living house.
And that's "all inclusive". No aditional taxes, no nothing.

看俄罗斯的欧盟价格对比。
仅作比较：在俄罗斯，终端家庭用户电价约为7–8卢布/千瓦时，折合欧元约0.085欧分/千瓦时。
企业通常支付约家庭用户两倍的价格，如果办公室或商铺不在住宅内。
而且这是“全包”，没有额外税费，什么都没有。

Filias9
Nuclear is normally quite cheap. What makes it expensive is anti-nuclear lobby and unability to build anything complex due to massive bureaucracy.
Sweden build nuclear power plant in time when it was allowed and supported and in time when there was enough expertise for it.

核电通常很便宜。让它变贵的是反核游说和由于庞大官僚体系导致无法建造复杂设施。
瑞典在时机允许和支持的时候建了核电厂，并且在有足够技术能力的时候建成。

Noctew
Nuclearis normally quite expensive. What makes it cheap are government aubsidies and unwillingness to factor in the cost of safe storage of nuclear waste for hundreds of thousands of years.

核电通常相当昂贵。让它便宜的是政府补贴，以及不愿意考虑安全储存核废料数十万年的成本。

Glarenya
Nuclear is theoretically quite cheap just based on the fuel, but in practice it's always one of the most expensive methods due to the complexity of builds, expense of compliance, and the huge salaries specialized workers can ask for to operate nuclear plants usually in undesirable locations. Source: consulted in the industry for several years and nuclear clients were constantly fighting uphill battles on cost overruns

理论上核电仅基于燃料成本很便宜，但实际上总是最贵的发电方式之一，因为建造复杂、合规费用高，还有专业工人在偏远地区操作核电厂可要求的高薪。我在行业内工作多年，核电客户一直在成本超支问题上苦苦挣扎。

BloatedVagina
Well, most of the water power was built with pretty much no regards to eco systems, indigenous people or anything during the 70's, I think it was. I guess it would have been more expensive if it would have been more ethically built. Possibly not even built at all.

嗯，大部分水电在70年代建造时几乎没有考虑生态系统、原住民或其他因素。我猜如果当时更符合伦理标准，成本可能会更高，甚至可能根本建不成。

WM_
I bought an apartment here in Finland before the world went to shit. Electricity was cheap. My house is heated with electricity. Imagine my face when the prices soared. I'm still scared of upcoming winter.

我在芬兰买了公寓，那是在世界一团糟之前。电费很便宜，我家用电供暖。现在想象一下当电价飙升时我的表情。我现在仍然担心即将到来的冬天。

dcolomer10
Spain is a tricky one for consumers. Only 1/3 of what I pay in my electricity bill is actual electricity. You also pay for maximum power contracted for the house, and then a shit ton of taxes (standard VAT at 21%, what they call a “electricity toll”, a small tax for financing electricity for the poor, and a 5% electricity tax). So in the end electricity is not cheap

西班牙的电费对消费者来说确实复杂。我电费账单中只有三分之一是实际电费本身。此外还需支付房屋的合约最高容量费，以及一大堆税费（包括21%的标准增值税、所谓的"电力通行费"、为低收入群体提供电力补贴的小额税费，以及5%的电力特别税）。因此最终电价并不便宜。

Shudnawz
Sweden here, yes. There are a LOT of shit that goes on top of the bare electricity price. Some months the price for electricity itself is just about 25% of my total electricity bill. It's fucking insane. There's VAT on our infrastructure tax. VAT on TAX. FUCK ME.

我在瑞典，是的。基础电价之外还有很多附加费用。有些月份，电费本身只占总账单的约25%。简直疯狂。基础设施税也要缴增值税，税上再加增值税。真是受够了。

KonserveradMelon
In what way is that insane? You’re paying for a service that’s fucking extremely expensive to build and maintain. Who cares if you call it VAT or tax? It’s still a payment that’s done to make the society work good.

这有什么疯狂的？你支付的是一种服务，而这种服务建造和维护成本极高。管它叫增值税还是什么税，都是为了让社会正常运转而支付的费用。

mondychan
that’s just the commodity price—very cheap indeed, on the first glance,
but add tax, carbon tax, distribution fees, tax on the fees!, etc., and you’re easily at triple those prices

图里那只是商品价格——乍一看很便宜，但加上税、碳税、配电费、配电费上的税等等，价格很容易就翻三倍。

_CZakalwe_
Note that this is for electricity only. In Sweden, there is a heap of charges on top of it. Usually, my bill is 30% electricity and 70% transmission charges, subscxtion, VAT, energy tax etc.
Basically, electricity could be free and I would still pay 70-100 EUR/MWh (depending on how much I use).

注意，这仅针对电力本身。在瑞典，还有一大堆额外费用。通常我的账单中，电费占30%，其余70%是输电费、订阅费、增值税、能源税等。
基本上，即使电力免费，我仍然得支付70–100欧元/兆瓦时（取决于用量）。

Resident_Case_1232
Bullshit. These have to be the industry prices. For the common people the prices in Germany are three times more expensive

胡说。这些一定是工业价格。普通人德国电价是这个的三倍。

OkOnion5838
Yes in Germany we pay with taxes and fees around 400€ per MWh that is ridiculously high.

是的，在德国我们连同税费支付的电价大约400欧元/兆瓦时，荒谬得离谱。

cool-sheep
Yep, here in Belgium as well we pay 50% more for industry and 200-300% more as individuals.
The reason: distribution, taxes and green energy credits.
These are set to rise by another 30-40% even as we may once again get cheaper wholesale electricity if the war in Ukraine calms down.
It’s clearly a shitshow where people got rid of perfectly good nuclear sources of electricity to replace it with Vladimir Putin’s gas literally months and years before the invasion. The energy minister at the time “Tinne Van der Straeten” has been duly nicknamed “Putinne” by the industry she mostly destroyed but everyone else was also on the take with Green energy credits and the move away from coal as well.

确实，在比利时我们也面临同样情况：工业用电价格上涨50%，居民用电价格飙升200%-300%。
原因在于：输配电费用、各类税费以及绿色能源补贴成本的大幅增加。
即使乌克兰战争缓和可能使批发电价再度下降，这些费用仍预计将增长30%-40%。
这显然是一场荒唐的闹剧——在俄乌冲突爆发前数年，人们就抛弃了完好的核能设施，转而使用弗拉基米尔·普京的天然气。时任能源部长蒂娜被其几乎摧毁的工业界戏称为"普蒂娜"，而其他各方也纷纷通过绿色能源补贴和去煤炭化运动从中牟利。

digiorno
The German electricity market is basically a betting game. Companies secure contracts for a bulk amount of money and the consumers bet on if the rate will go up or down. They buy a fixed rate if they think it’ll go up and a dynamic rate if they think it’ll fall.

德国电力市场基本上是一场赌博。公司会签订大额固定合同，而消费者则赌电价会上涨还是下跌。如果认为会涨，就买固定电价；认为会跌，就买动态电价。

FlyingRai
Looks like Hungary’s strategy of buying „cheap Russian gas“ is not working very well.

看起来匈牙利买“廉价俄罗斯天然气”的策略并不奏效。

Ecstatic-Bee9650
Interestingly the countries with highest shares of renewables (or nuclear) and most interconnected are the cheapest. We forget often value of interconnectivity - if its cloudy in germany but sunny in NL you can still balance grid and prices.
Many eastern european countries still heavily rely on fossil and are less connected. This results in higher prices

有趣的是，可再生能源（或核能）占比最高、互联最紧密的国家电价最便宜。我们常常忽略互联的重要性——德国多云而荷兰晴朗时，仍可平衡电网和价格。
许多东欧国家仍严重依赖化石能源，互联性差，导致电价高。

Bulldog8018
Data centers are sucking up all the electricity and the rubes still want lights and refrigerators. Won’t someone please think about the data centers?!

数据中心吞噬了所有电力，而老百姓还想开灯和用冰箱。难道没人考虑一下数据中心吗？！

PersonalCable7254
Interesting data showing the complexity of European energy markets! A few observations on these July 2025 figures: Geographic patterns: Nordic countries (Sweden 29.3 €/MWh) benefit from abundant hydro/wind, while Central/Eastern Europe shows higher prices - reflecting different energy mixes and grid constraints. Seasonal dynamics: July typically sees lower prices due to high solar output, but we're still seeing significant variation (29-113 €/MWh range). This highlights the challenge of integrating variable renewables. Infrastructure matters: Price differences often reflect transmission bottlenecks and varying grid flexibility. Countries with better interconnection tend to have more stable pricing. The transition cost: Higher prices in some regions partly reflect the investment needed for clean energy infrastructure - short-term pain for long-term energy security and climate goals. Key takeaway: These variations show why we need:Better EU grid interconnectionMore flexible demand response Strategic energy storage deploymentCoordinated planning for renewable integrationWhat's encouraging is seeing renewables driving down costs in optimal conditions (like Nordic hydro/wind). The challenge is making this more consistent across time and geography.

有趣的数据展示了欧洲能源市场的复杂性！对2025年7月数据的一些观察：
地理模式：北欧国家（瑞典29.3欧/兆瓦时）受益于丰富的水电和风电，而中东欧价格较高——反映了不同能源结构和电网限制。
 季节性动态：7月通常因太阳能发电高而价格较低，但我们仍看到显著差异（29-113欧/兆瓦时范围）。这凸显了整合可变可再生能源的挑战。
基础设施重要性：价格差异往往反映输电瓶颈和电网灵活性差异。互联性较好的国家价格更稳定。
转型成本：某些地区电价较高，部分反映了清洁能源基础设施投资——短期痛苦换来长期能源安全和气候目标。
关键结论：这些差异说明我们需要：更好的欧盟电网互联、更灵活的需求响应、战略性储能部署、可再生能源整合的协调规划。
令人鼓舞的是，在最佳条件下（如北欧水电/风电），可再生能源正在降低成本。挑战在于如何让这种效果在时间和地域上更一致。

MotanulScotishFold
Ukraine is at war so I understand the price
Italy I kinda don't but at least they have a higher purchasing power than us....Romania.
From July the price of electricity soared since our government decided that is time to stop subsidizing and many people already have to pay a huge amount.

乌克兰正处于战争状态，所以我能理解那里的电价贵。
意大利我有点不理解，但至少他们的购买力比我们……罗马尼亚要高。
自7月起，电价飙升，因为我们的政府决定停止补贴，很多人已经不得不支付巨额费用。

Cashmere000
Romania: Top 3 in lowest wages Top 3 in highest electricity prices Top 3 in highest grocery prices Make it make sense

罗马尼亚：最低工资前三名 电价最高前三名 食品价格最高前三名——讲得通吗？

betternotsonice
Romania - where our salaries are amongst the smallest in the EU but the cost of living is at least as high as the rest of the EU.
Its not just electricity, its food, its how much we pay in taxes, its everything. A shithole of a country where you pay for free healthcare, but guess what, when you need health services they are not free lol

罗马尼亚——我们工资在欧盟算最少，但生活成本至少和欧盟其他国家一样高。
问题不仅是电费，还有食品、税费，一切都是如此。一个坑爹的国家，你为免费医疗付钱，但当你需要医疗服务时，根本不免费，哈哈。

GregSimply
Don’t know where the information comes from, but in France it’s between less than 13€/MWh and up to 27€, including taxes, for the consumer, depending on contracts and times.

不知道信息来源，但在法国，消费者电价（含税）根据合同和时间，大约在13欧/兆瓦时以下到27欧之间。

_Kinchouka_
Those are the wholesale prices, before taxes. It doesn't say much.
For example, wholesale price in France right now is 64,1€/MWh.
Price for random citizen is 0,1952€/kWh VAT included.

那些是批发电价，未含税，所以意义有限。
例如，法国当前批发电价是64.1欧/兆瓦时。
普通居民实际支付的价格是0.1952欧/千瓦时（含增值税）。

Graufisch
France heavily subsidizes electricity. You end up paying for it through other taxes.

法国对电力有大量补贴。但你最终是通过其他税收来支付这些费用的。

Flyysser
Lol driving a electric car is pretty much more expensive than a petrol car in some of those countries

哈哈，在某些国家，开电动车实际上比开汽油车还贵。

carorinu
Wonder what's the correlation between gdp and living costs, because most expensive countries to live in have lowest wages lol

想知道GDP和生活成本之间的关系，因为生活最贵的国家工资反而最低，哈哈。

hop208
For that to be the wholesale price in Italy, I can’t imagine how high the retail price is. In the US, the prices are as follows in Euros:
Wholesale: €34/MWh
Retail: €162/MWh

如果这是意大利的批发电价，我简直无法想象零售电价有多高。在美国，电价如下（欧元计）：
批发：34欧/兆瓦时
零售：162欧/兆瓦时

Background_Guide_291
Funny how people forget that in Sweden we also pay a huge network tariff on top of the electricity price.
And honestly, prices here would drop a lot if we just cut the export lines to Germany.

有趣的是，人们常常忘了瑞典电价还要加上巨额电网费。
老实说，如果我们切断对德国的出口线路，价格会下降很多。

RealKillering
I would like to know the subsidies that those countries have in place as well. E.G. France is famous for using taxes to keep the electricity price low. It’s not that obvious, but the company that has all the nuclear plants is a state company, which is hugely in depth and can also keep working, since the depth is secured by the government.

我想知道这些国家还有哪些补贴措施。例如，法国以税收维持低电价很出名。看似不明显，但拥有所有核电厂的公司是国有企业，债务由政府担保，所以它仍能正常运作。