2.4 million people expected to lose food stamps after Trump agenda law broadened work requirements, CBO says
Story by Tami Luhby, CNN
国会预算办公室:特朗普议程法案扩大工作限制后 将令240万人将失去食品券补助
 
The Trump agenda package will lead to fewer people receiving food stamps, the Congressional Budget Office found.
The Trump agenda package will lead to fewer people receiving food stamps, the Congressional Budget Office found.
国会预算办公室发现,特朗普议程相关一揽子法案将导致领取食品券的人数减少。(注:图中牌子写到“这里可以刷电子(EBT卡)食品劵)
 
Some 2.4 million fewer Americans, including families with children, are forecast to receive food stamps benefits in an average month after Republican lawmakers expanded work requirements to some parents, older enrollees and others as part of President Donald Trump’s agenda law, according to a Congressional Budget Office analysis released Monday.
And other recipients are expected to see their monthly assistance shrink – at a time when grocery prices remain high and food banks are trying to cope with increased demand.
 
周一发布的国会预算办公室分析报告显示,作为特朗普总统议程法案的一部分,共和党议员将工作要求将条件扩大至部分父母、年龄较大的受助者及其他人群之后,平均每月预计将出现至少240万美国人无法领取食品券补助,其中包括有子女的家庭。
此外,在食品价格居高不下、食品银行正努力应对需求增长之时,其他受助者每月获得的补助预计也将减少。
 
The law requires parents of dependent children to work for their food stamp benefits for the first time. However, fewer people will lose nutrition assistance under the final version of the sweeping tax and spending cuts package that Trump signed into law last month, compared to the bill passed by the House earlier this year.
That version called for requiring parents of children ages 7 and older to work, which would have led to enrollment dropping by 3.2 million people in an average month, a CBO analysis of the House bill found.
 
该法案首次要求有受抚养子女的父母必须工作才能获得食品券补助。不过,与今年之前众议院通过的法案版本相比,特朗普上月签署生效的这份全面减税和削减支出法案的最终版,将导致失去营养补助的人数大幅增加。
国会预算办公室对众议院法案的分析发现,该版本要求有 7 岁及以上子女的父母必须工作,这将导致平均每月的参保人数减少 320 万。
 
The CBO released several reports that looked at the impact of different provisions of the law – which enacts the historic cuts to the nation’s safety net program, while providing trillions of dollars in tax relief – on those who receive food stamps, Medicaid and Affordable Care Act coverage through fiscal year 2034. It also examined how the package will affect Americans with different incomes, finding that the lowest-income households would see their incomes fall, while the richest would receive a notable bump.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, as food stamps are formally known, has long required certain able-bodied adults to work to receive benefits for longer than three months. But the GOP’s “big, beautiful bill” broadened that mandate to parents of dependent children – requiring that those with kids ages 14 and older to work, volunteer or participate in job training at least 80 hours a month.
 
国会预算办公室发布了多份报告,分析了该法案中不同条款 —— 包括对美国社会保障计划的历史性削减,以及提供数万亿美元的税收减免 —— 在 2034 财年之前对领取食品券、医疗补助和《平价医疗法案》保险的人群产生的影响。报告还研究了该一揽子法案对不同收入水平美国人的影响,发现最低收入家庭的收入将会下降,而富人群体的收入则显著增加。
食品券的正式名称是补充营养援助计划(SNAP),长期以来,该计划要求某些身体健康的成年人必须工作,才能领取超过三个月的补助。但共和党这份 “宏伟而美好的法案” 将这一要求扩大到了有受抚养子女的父母身上 —— 要求那些有 14 岁及以上子女的父母每月至少工作、参与志愿服务或参加职业培训 80 小时。
 
Also, the law requires that adults ages 55 to 64, veterans, people experiencing homelessness and former foster care youth to meet the mandate, though it exempts Native Americans. It also makes it harder for states to receive waivers during difficult economic times.
Among those losing coverage in an average month will be 300,000 adults who live with children ages 14 and older, CBO estimated.
 
此外,该法案要求 55 至 64 岁的成年人、退伍军人、无家可归者和前寄养青年也需满足这一工作要求,但排除了美国原住民。同时,该法案还加大了各州在经济困难时期获得豁免的难度。
国会预算办公室估计,平均每月失去补助的人群中,将包括30万与14岁及以上子女共同生活的成年人。
 
Another controversial provision requires certain states to pick up the share of food stamp benefit costs for the first time. States with payment error rates of at least 6% will have to shoulder between 5% and 15% of the tab, starting in fiscal year 2028. This could prompt some states to cut back on benefits or eligibility or even leave the program, CBO found.
This measure is forecast to reduce or eliminate food stamp benefits for about 300,000 people in an average month. Also, about 96,000 children will receive smaller subsidies through child nutrition programs.
 
另一项极具争议的条款是要求某些州承担部分食品券补助费用。从2028财年开始,支付错误率至少为6%的州将不得不承担5%至15%的费用。。国会预算办公室发现,这可能会促使一些州削减补助或资格,甚至退出该计划。
预计这一措施将导致平均每月约 30万人的食品券补助减少或取消。此外,约 9.6 万名儿童将通过儿童营养计划获得更少的补贴。
 
Under the House bill, by contrast, states would have had to pay a larger share of the costs, prompting them to reduce or eliminate benefits for about 1.3 million people in an average month and affecting about 420,000 children.
Other provisions in the law, including changes to the formula that determines families’ monthly assistance, are projected to decrease benefits for certain households.
 
相比之下,根据众议院的法案,各州将不得不承担更大比例的费用,这将促使它们在平均每月减少或取消约 130 万人的补助,并影响约 42 万名儿童。
该法案中的其他条款,包括修改确定家庭每月补助的计算公式,预计将减少某些家庭的补助。
 
Many food stamp enrollees are employed, but they may get caught up in red tape trying to report their work or hold jobs without consistent hours, said Gina Plata-Nino, interim SNAP director at the left-leaning Food Research & Action Center.
“People are trying to make ends meet,” she said. “They will be hungrier, they will be sicker without that help.”
The elimination of this support will come at a time when more people will also lose their health insurance, she noted.
 
进步派智库"食品研究与行动中心"的SNAP项目临时主任吉娜·普拉塔-尼诺指出,许多食品券领取者其实有工作,但他们可能因繁琐的申报程序或工作时间不稳定而陷入困境。
"人们都在勉强维持生计,"她表示,"失去这项援助后,他们将面临更严重的饥饿和健康问题。"
她指出,在取消这项补助的同时,将有更多人失去医疗保险。
 
The law requires certain Medicaid enrollees – including parents of children ages 14 and older – to work for the first time. This measure will lead to 5.3 million more people being uninsured in 2034, according to the CBO analysis.
Overall, the package’s Medicaid measures are forecast to lead to 7.5 million more Americans without insurance, while changes to the Affordable Care Act will lead to 2.1 million more people being insured. In total, 10 million more Americans will not have health insurance by 2034.
 
该法案首次强制要求部分医疗补助参保人 —— 包括有14岁及以上子女的父母 —— 必须工作才能获得此项补助。国会预算办公室的分析显示,到2034年,这一措施将导致530 万新增无保险人群。
总体而言,该法案涉及的医疗补助改革预计将使750万美国人失去医疗保险,而对《平价医疗法案》的修改将使新增参保人数达到210 万。最终,到2034年将新增1000万无医疗保险人口。
 
Who comes out ahead
While the law will boost incomes of Americans, on average, it will not benefit everyone, the CBO found. The cuts to the safety net will outweigh the tax reductions for the lowest-income households.
Those at the bottom of the income ladder, who earn less than $24,000, on average, from wages and other income streams, will see their projected incomes drop by about $1,200 a year, or 3.1%, between 2026 and 2034 – mainly from reductions in benefits, including Medicaid and food stamps.
Middle-income Americans, who earn about $86,000, on average, will get an $800 bump, or about 0.8%, according to the analysis.
But the highest earners, with incomes of nearly $700,000, on average, will see a $13,600 jump in their incomes, or about 2.7%.
The wealthiest 10% will receive 63% of the “spoils” of the package, Justin Wolfers, an economics professor at the University of Michigan, posted on X. By contrast, the bottom 60% will receive 4%.
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谁是赢家?
国会预算办公室发现,虽然该法案平均而言会增加美国人的收入,但并非所有人都能从中受益。对于低收入家庭来说,社会保障计划的削减幅度超过了税收减免幅度。
收入最低的群体,平均而言,其工资和其他收入来源不足 2.4 万美元,在 2026 年至 2034 年间,预计年收入将减少约 1200 美元,降幅为 3.1%,这主要是由于包括医疗补助和食品券在内的补助减少所致。
分析显示,中等收入美国人 — 平均收入约为 8.6 万美元 — 的收入将增加 800 美元,增幅约为 0.8%。
但收入最高的群体 — 平均收入接近 70 万美元 — 的收入将增加 1.36 万美元,增幅约为 2.7%。
密歇根大学经济学教授贾斯汀・沃尔弗斯在 X 平台上发文表示,最富有的 10% 人群将获得该法案 “好处” 的 63%。相比之下,收入最低的 60%人群仅能获益其中的4%。