为什么印度理工学院（IIT）拥有全球最难的入学考试，却在世界排名中落后，而中国的北大、清华等高校却始终名列前茅？中印两国顶尖大学的普通学生之间究竟有何差异？

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Firstly - These “World Rankings”
首先 - 这些“世界排名”

What is the Criteria
评判标准是什么？

Do these “World Ranking Authorities” sit in these Universities, uate teaching Programs, talk to thousands of students???
这些“世界排名权威机构”是否坐在这些大学里，评估教学项目，与成千上万的学生交谈？？？

No right?
没有，对吧？

Likewise there is no Global standard for comparing Graduate Employability right?
同样地，也没有一个全球标准来比较毕业生就业能力，对吧？

And there is no Standard All Global Exam held for all Universities right?
也没有一个面向所有大学的标准全球统考，对吧？

From my understanding - most of these rankings are based on Research, Research and Research
据我所知——这些排名大多基于研究、研究、还是研究。

How can IIT hope to compete in funding with Giants like MIT or Stanford who have thousands of Huge Corporates funding Billions of Dollars of Research ? They get more funding in a single ‘Fall’ than all IITs put together get in 5 years.
印度理工学院（IIT）怎么可能在资金上与麻省理工学院（MIT）或斯坦福这样的巨头竞争？后者有成千上万家大企业为其提供数十亿美元的研究资金。他们一个秋季学期获得的资金就超过了所有IIT加起来五年获得的资金。

How can IIT hope to compete in funding with Chinese Universities when their Government has Billions and Billions of Dollars to spend on research?
当中国政府有数百亿、数千亿美元用于研究时，IIT怎么可能在资金上与中国大学竞争？

More Money = More Research = More Pioneering Studies = More Breakthroughs
更多资金 = 更多研究 = 更多开创性研究 = 更多突破

Less Money = Less Research or More ‘Rip off’ Research = Less Breakthroughs
更少资金 = 更少研究或更多“山寨”研究 = 更少突破

So the rankings are a reflection of our Country India than our IITian Students
因此，这些排名反映的是我们的国家印度，而不是我们的IIT学生。

Secondly - IITs simply dont have the ability to deliver pathbreaking research due to the Attitude of IITians
其次 - 由于IIT学生的态度，IIT根本没有能力产出开创性的研究。

How many IITians want to settle down and do research?
有多少IIT学生愿意静下心来做研究？

Many Chinese do. Many Japanese do. Many Americans do.
很多中国人愿意。很多日本人愿意。很多美国人愿意。

IItians would rather become Fancy CEOs and Sanction Casual Leave!!!
IIT学生更愿意成为光鲜的CEO和批事假条的人！！！


(Sorry Nadella is not included among the “Casual Leave Sanctioning CEOs” and nor is he an IITian - this Image included him)
（抱歉，纳德拉不属于“批事假条的CEO”之列，他也不是IIT毕业生 - 这张图片把他包括进来了）

Thirdly - Cesspit Democracy
第三 - 粪坑民主

In China they identify the Cream of the Cream from early ages, cultivate them, make them experts , fund their education and in short invest in them
在中国，他们从小识别顶尖人才，培养他们，使他们成为专家，资助他们的教育，简言之就是投资他们。

In India- ZILCH, ZIP
在印度——零投入，分文没有。

Students have to fund their own education, coaching classes and Government only takes Press Photographs after a Ranker gets his rank.
学生必须自己负担教育和补习班的费用，政府只会在排名靠前者取得名次后拍新闻照片。

Instead you have Inferior Students placed in Superior positions due to Reservations where unless you are poor or Grandma was treated badly due to her “Caste”, you have no mettle
相反，由于保留政策，一些能力不足的学生却占据了优势位置——除非你出身贫困，或者你的祖母曾因"种姓"遭受不公待遇，否则你就被认为缺乏资格。

So the Country is the Problem
所以问题出在国家。

The Students are Victims because the Country is Still Fourth Rate
学生是受害者，因为这个国家仍是四流的。

The Country is Fourthrate because Leaders worry about short term and staying in power
国家之所以是四流的，是因为领导人担心短期利益和保住权力。

Leaders care about staying in power due to Elections every five years clouding everything else and would stick to building latrines or building new IITs rather than quadruple the endowments and grants for existing ones
领导人关心保住权力，因为每五年一次的选举使其他一切蒙上阴影，他们宁愿坚持修建厕所或新建IIT，也不愿将现有IIT的捐赠基金和拨款翻上四倍。

In Short
简而言之

When the Unworthy form the Majority of the Voting Block - Its CESSPIT DEMOCRACY 101
当无能之辈构成了投票主体的大多数时——这就是粪坑民主101（基础课）。


Manthan Varma
Because we Indians want salary, not knowledge.
因为我们印度人想要的是薪水，而不是知识。

Because our ministers are focusing on elections, not on developing institutes.
因为我们的部长们关注的是选举，而不是发展学院。

Because 'Indian students want to get ahead of Sharmaji ka ladka’
因为印度学生想要超过“隔壁老王家的儿子”。

Because Indian students prioritised placements more important than discovery or learning attitude.
因为印度学生将工作安置看得比探索或学习态度更重要。

Because we Indians do study to get into IIT , not to be knowledgeable.
因为我们印度人学习是为了进入IIT，而不是为了增长知识。

And the biggest one,
而最大的原因是，

Because of no population control. It's becoming hard to survive here. No one will be able to study to gain knowledge, we are studying just to get high packages. We can't do anything about this one. I mean we can do something about it, but who's gonna change the mindset of 1380 million?
因为没有人口控制。在这里生存变得越来越难。没有人能够为了获取知识而学习，我们学习只是为了拿到高薪。对此我们无能为力。我的意思是我们本可以做点什么，但谁能改变13.8亿人的心态呢？


Vansh Sethi
“The Parameter of Rankings” are the big reason for IITs not being in top 100.
“排名的参数”是IIT未能进入前100名的重大原因。

See this line -
看这一行——

“IIT Bombay secured overall score of 71 out of 100. The Institute has scored 81.4 in academic reputation, 96 in employer reputation, 23 in citation per faculty, 44.7 in faculty student ratio, 100 in staff with Ph.D. 84.2 in papers per faculty, 78.5 international research network, 11.0 in international faculty, 4.4 in international students, 14.5 in inbound exchange and 8.3 in outbound exchange all scores out of a maximum of 100 points. “
“IIT孟买在QS亚洲排名中获得总分71分（满分100分）。该学院在学术声誉方面得分81.4，雇主声誉96，师均引用次数23，师生比44.7，拥有博士学位的教职员100分，师均论文数84.2，国际研究网络78.5，国际教师比例11.0，国际学生比例4.4，入境交换生比例14.5，出境交换生比例8.3，所有分数均基于满分100分。”

The score is for QS Asia Rankings and in Asia IIT B ranks 42. Now let’s see how this Asia ranking can help us understand the problem on a larger scale.
这个分数是针对QS亚洲排名的，在亚洲范围内，IIT孟买排名第42位。现在让我们看看这个亚洲排名如何帮助我们更广泛地理解这个问题。

Parameter : Marks
Academic Reputation : 81.4
Employer Reputation : 96
Citation per faculty : 23
Faculty Student Ratio : 44.7
Staff with PhD : 100
Papers per faculty : 84.2
International Faculty : 11
International Students : 4.4
参数 : 分数
学术声誉 : 81.4
雇主声誉 : 96
师均引用次数 : 23
师生比 : 44.7
拥有博士学位的教职员 : 100
师均论文数 : 84.2
国际教师比例 : 11
国际学生比例 : 4.4

The three areas in which IITs are lacking is International student and faculty and citation per faculty.
IIT欠缺的三个方面是国际学生比例、国际教师比例和师均引用次数。

Now lets talk about the problem in each domain.
现在让我们谈谈每个领域的问题。

Citation Per Faculty: IITs are lacking in this regard it means very less other scientist/ researcher professor is making use of papers of IITs professor, but on the parameter papers per faculty IIT B have good score of 84.2. This shows they are writing enough papers but may be not on modern and relevant areas that’s why others are not citing them or the their paper is not of high quality. Or may be some other reason. The responsibility for working on this parameter lies with particular IITs.
师均引用次数：IIT在这方面欠缺，意味着其他科学家/研究员/教授很少引用IIT教授的论文，但在师均论文数这个参数上，IIT孟买得分很高，为84.2分。这表明他们发表的论文数量足够，但可能并非在现代和相关领域，这就是为什么别人不引用他们的论文，或者他们的论文质量不高。或者也许是其他原因。改进这个参数的责任在于各个IIT自身。

International Faculty : It’s really hard to bring international faculty to India. The salary of Assistant Professor is around 1L, which will be really low for international faculty coming from EU and America or other top countries.
国际教师比例：吸引国际教师来印度非常困难。助理教授的工资大约在10万卢比（约1L，指1 Lakh Rupees），对于来自欧盟、美国或其他顶尖国家的国际教师来说，这实在太低了。

International Students : Getting international student is hard, because not all students can prepare for JEE like Indians. We do have a DASA quota for international students but it’s very less. And to increase quota at UG level lies in the hand of MoE (GoI). It’s hard for IITs to do much in this. But IITs do have some flexibility in terms of admission of PG programmes like MTech and PhD. But the PG programmes of IITs are not well knowns like their bachelors. It will be hard for them to get PG students. Though GoI has taken initiative for Study in India.
国际学生比例：吸引国际学生很难，因为并非所有学生都能像印度人一样准备JEE（印度理工学院联合入学考试）。我们确实有针对国际学生的DASA（国际学生直接入学）配额，但非常少。增加本科（UG）阶段的配额权在印度教育部（MoE (GoI)）手中。IIT在这方面很难有大的作为。但IIT在硕士（MTech）和博士（PhD）等研究生（PG）课程的招生上确实有一定的灵活性。然而，IIT的研究生课程不像它们的本科课程那样知名。吸引研究生对他们来说会很困难。尽管印度政府已经发起了“留学印度”的倡议。

To conclude, parameter of these ranking agencies make it hard for IITs to be in top 100 (overall category) but many programms of IITs are in top 100 in the world. For IITs, full autonomy and funding is still an issue if compared with other institutes. But the bachelor programm of IIT is still one of the real best in world.
总之，这些排名机构的参数使得IIT很难进入前100名（综合类别），但IIT的许多专业课程在世界上名列前100。对于IIT而言，与其它机构相比，充分的自主权和资金仍然是个问题。但IIT的本科课程仍然是世界上真正最好的之一。

For more, you can watch the interview of V Ramgopal Rao, Director of IIT Delhi
想了解更多，你可以观看IIT德里主任V·拉姆戈帕尔·拉奥的访谈。


Aman Singh
India is still a developing country, IITs do not have the astronomical funding other foreign institutes have.
印度仍然是一个发展中国家，IIT没有其他外国机构拥有的巨额资金。

Seriously, Budget for top IIT, like IIT Bombay is around $500 million. While Institutes like Harvard have endowment of more than 50 billion dollars, yes that's 100 times more than, Harvard alone has 4 times more endowment than all IITs combined.
说真的，像IIT孟买这样的顶尖IIT的预算大约在5亿美元左右。而像哈佛这样的机构，捐赠基金超过500亿美元，是的，这是100倍之多，仅哈佛一家的捐赠基金就比所有IIT加起来还要多4倍。

IITs are still very much affordable, than those in foreign.
与国外的院校相比，IIT的学费仍然是非常低廉的。

India doesn't have the economical power like that of IVY Leagues and such research opportunities are less here.
印度没有像常春藤联盟那样的经济实力，这里的研究机会也较少。

But still the premier Indian colleges create talents that lead the top companies, create unicorns, bring innovation and drive the world to a better future, albeit outside of India.
但尽管如此，印度顶尖的学院培养出领导顶级公司、创造独角兽企业、带来创新并推动世界走向更美好未来的人才，尽管这些人往往在印度以外的地方发挥作用。

As for the talk of Chinese Unis, why don't you search about the political situation in China?? You'll know why the number are high.
至于谈到中国大学，你为什么不查查中国的政治状况呢？你就会明白为什么它们的数字那么高了。


Yogi Rappria
Because students go to IITs to get jobs not to innovate, learn, and use their skills to create a better future for the world.
因为学生去IIT是为了找工作，而不是为了创新、学习以及运用他们的技能为世界创造更美好的未来。

IITs produce world-class employees, but the students at the top universities make world-class leaders, scientists, and innovators.
IIT培养出世界级的雇员，但顶尖大学的学生则成为世界级的领导者、科学家和创新者。

The mindsets of students attending these universities are entirely different. The admission test for IIT tests a person's aptitude, whereas the top universities give admission based on the strength of the character of a student.
就读这些大学的学生心态完全不同。IIT的入学考试测试的是一个人的能力倾向（Aptitude），而顶尖大学则根据学生品格的强弱来录取。


Rohan Kumar
To be honest iits are not universities they are technical institutions see if you see iit bombay rank in engineering and technology it is around 50–58 but if you see them in qs global university rankings they are at 150–200 . The reason is simple as of now iits has most courses on engineering and not on economics, pure sciences, quant finance etc .well things are changing and more domains like economics are being added but they are relatively not as prominent as old ones.
老实说，IIT不是综合性大学（universities），它们是技术学院（technical institutions）。你看，如果你看IIT孟买在工程与技术领域的排名，大约是50-58位，但如果你看它们在QS全球大学排名（综合排名），它们则在150-200位。原因很简单，目前IIT的课程主要集中在工程领域，而不是经济学、纯科学、量化金融等。嗯，情况正在改变，像经济学这样的更多领域正在被添加，但它们相对不如老的工程领域那么突出。

The research curriculum is kind of weak as compared to universities of us singapore and china.
与美国、新加坡和中国的大学相比，其研究课程相对薄弱。

Also the quality of peer group is better at these campuses.
而且，这些（外国顶尖）校园里的同辈群体质量也更好。


Vasu Eda
Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam and others make some good points on how research fundamentally drives the rankings. And, the majority of the research funding does come from the government sources in those countries.
坎萨瓦米·巴拉苏布拉马尼亚姆和其他人就研究如何从根本上驱动排名提出了一些很好的观点。而且，这些国家的大部分研究资金确实来自政府来源。

But, I believe it has nothing to do with the capabilities/attitudes/interests of India’s students or Indians in general. For example, many top research programs in the US have Indian leaders/faculty, post-docs, and PhD students. By blaming students or the society in general only negates the the strong point that needs to be made…the pressing need for more research funding in India. The buck stops here!
但是，我认为这与印度学生或印度人的能力/态度/兴趣毫无关系。例如，美国的许多顶尖研究项目都有印度人担任领导者/教职员工、博士后和博士生。指责学生或整个社会只会削弱需要强调的重点……即印度迫切需要更多的研究资金。责任止于此！

One of many is Arun Majumdar (IIT-Mumbai graduate with PhD from UC Berkeley), the inaugural Dean of the Doerr School of Sustainability at Stanford University. Let’s look at the research #s for IIT-Mumbai and UC Berkeley. UC Berkeley’s research budget in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021:
众多例子之一是阿伦·马宗达（Arun Majumdar）（IIT孟买毕业生，加州大学伯克利分校博士），他是斯坦福大学多尔可持续发展学院的首任院长。让我们看看IIT孟买和加州大学伯克利分校的研究数据。加州大学伯克利分校在2021年6月30日结束的财年的研究预算：

Total $1.05 billion in new awards from external sources (₹8,000 crore), compared to ₹329 crore for research received by IIT-Mumbai in the year 2020–21.
来自外部来源的新奖项总额为10.5亿美元（约合800亿卢比），而IIT孟买在2020-21年度获得的研究资金为32.9亿卢比。

$605 million came from the US federal government funding sources; $118 million from state and other governments; $229 million from non-profit organizations; $63 million from industry; …
其中6.05亿美元来自美国联邦政府资金来源；1.18亿美元来自州政府和其他政府；2.29亿美元来自非营利组织；6300万美元来自工业界；…


Pranay Gupta
This is a harsh reality. Taking admission in any of the courses in an average American university is easier in comparison to taking admission in India. This is due to the population explosion due to the cheapness of the Indian government institutions. The Indian government is trying to make education affordable to all the citizens of India but the problem is that in this attempt they have reduced the fees in government institutions to such an extent that they are not able to give good infrastructure and facilities to its students.
这是一个残酷的现实。进入一所普通美国大学的任何课程学习，相比进入印度（的顶尖院校如IIT）学习要容易得多。这是由于印度政府院校学费低廉导致的人口爆炸（指竞争激烈）。印度政府试图让所有公民都能负担得起教育，但问题在于，在这一尝试中，他们过度降低了政府院校的学费，以至于这些院校无法为学生提供良好的基础设施和设施。

Then why make it cheap? I think the government should increase the fees so that it can compete with the fees of colleges in the US and China and if somebody doesn’t have the money to study then they can go for a loan. This also increases money with the banks as the students will pay interests to banks which will add to the income of the country. But if the infrastructure would be developed then the child will be able to repay the loan easily.
那为什么要让它便宜呢？我认为政府应该提高学费，使其能够与美国和中国的大学学费竞争，如果有人没钱读书，他们可以去贷款。这也会增加银行的资金，因为学生将向银行支付利息，这会增加国家收入。但如果基础设施得到发展，那么孩子（学生）将能够轻松偿还贷款。

The second point is to remove reservations. MERIT should be the base for admission to colleges. Admissions should be given strictly based on the COMMON RANK LIST. There should be no reservation for any caste, creed, gender, or based on color. The defense Quota should also be removed.
第二点是取消预留配额（reservations）。成绩（MERIT）应该成为大学录取的基础。录取应严格基于统一的排名名单（COMMON RANK LIST）。不应有任何基于种姓、信仰、性别或肤色的预留名额。国防配额（Defense Quota）也应被取消。

Our constitution also believes in equality. Therefore this is my idea of equality. The country will start prospering the day all kinds of quotas are removed and only merit becomes the basis for admission.
我们的宪法也信奉平等。因此，这就是我对平等的理解。当所有类型的配额都被取消，只有成绩成为录取基础的那一天，国家才会开始繁荣。