东南亚正在“吃塑料”：印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾的微塑料危机｜深度调查

 
 
Southeast Asia has a huge problem with something tiny - Microplastics. Globally, Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia ingest the most microplastics. These particles, created from the breakdown of plastics, make their way into our water and food sources.
For some time, the effects of ingesting microplastics were unclear. But now, an increasing number of studies reveal that microplastics could be lixed to kidney failure, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Yet, because of the handling of waste in Southeast Asia, microplastic contamination is ubiquitous. Is Southeast Asia looking at a plastic induced health crisis, and what can we do about it?
 
东南亚正面临一个微小但巨大的问题——微塑料。在全球范围内，印尼、菲律宾和马来西亚摄入的微塑料最多。这些微小颗粒是塑料分解后的产物，会渗入我们的水源和食物中。
一度以来，人们对摄入微塑料的影响知之甚少。但现在，越来越多的研究表明，微塑料可能与肾衰竭、认知退化、心血管疾病和癌症相关。然而，由于东南亚废弃物管理不善，微塑料污染已无处不在。东南亚是否正面临一场由塑料引发的健康危机？我们又能做些什么？
 
 
@ViolentCabbage-ym7ko
You expect people to believe Singaporeans are not affected by microplastics when it affects neighboring countries in Southeast Asia? I swear, when it comes to negative news about Singapore, CNA does not have the guts to report the news. So biased
 
你真指望大家相信新加坡人不会受到微塑料影响？明明它的邻国都中招了。我敢说，一旦负面新闻涉及新加坡，CNA就不敢报导，真是偏颇至极。
 
@UGRdelver
It is not realistic to expect people living in slumps to thinking about the effect of microplastics while they are still worry about putting food on the table
 
指望生活在贫民窟的人关心微塑料的影响根本不现实，他们连下一顿饭在哪儿都不知道。
 
@Flyinginthebluedream
Singapore is surrounded by countries with high microplastic consumption, yet it doesn’t appear on the list of top consumers. Please advise your neighbours on health tips to reduce microplastic intake.
 
新加坡四周全是微塑料摄入量极高的国家，可它自己却没上榜。拜托，去劝劝你邻居该怎么减少摄入吧。
 
@FrostWing-k5u
Singapore imports more than 90% of its food overall, with Malaysia being a significant source. Since Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines eat the most microplastics, why is Singapore not on the list when the majority of the food source comes from Southeast Asia?
 
新加坡超过九成的食品都靠进口，其中马来西亚占了大头。既然马来西亚、印尼和菲律宾摄入微塑料最多，而新加坡的大部分食物又来自这些国家，为什么新加坡不在榜上？
 
@mizsaigon
No leader in the Phils for example will force MNCs to look for eco friendly packaging substitutes because they are always concerned about their own public image in pursuit of perpetuating power. Their political stint is backed by these oligarchs so no one bothers to craft a law banning and replacing these plastics. Whilst I agree that this problem is socio economic prior to being environmental, it is likewise political.
 
比如在菲律宾，没有哪个领导人敢强迫跨国公司寻找环保的包装替代品，因为他们始终担心自己的公众形象，他们的目的是巩固权力。他们的政治地位离不开寡头集团的支持，所以根本没人愿意立法禁止并取代这些塑料。虽然我同意这首先是个社会经济问题而非环保问题，但它同样是个政治问题。
 
@pinkping1506
In Indonesia, the source of micro plastics also comes from the use of bubble plastics wrappings for goods ordered through online platforms like shopee and Tokopedia. The sellers always insist on wrapping the goods regardless whether it is fragile or not and the bubbles can be many many layers. That's terrible and that is the new source of plastic garbage. They just don't care !
 
在印尼，微塑料的来源还包括像Shopee和Tokopedia这种网购平台上商品所用的气泡塑料包装。无论货品是否易碎，卖家总是坚持多层包裹，动辄十几层泡泡膜。真是太糟糕了，这已经成了新的塑料垃圾来源，而他们根本不在乎！
 
@kitarvin770
Singaporean corporations must take up part of the responsibility because they have invested heavily by setting up manufacturing plants in these countries.
 
新加坡的企业也必须承担部分责任，因为他们在这些国家大量投资建厂。
 
@Hsrvictor
Make plastic cutlery or straws (single use plastic) banned, use metal ones. Reusable cups that you bring so they make ur coffee in their restaurant, large reusable packages that once used must be returned to the shop in order to buy another then the used one must be disinfected and reused by the company.
 
应该禁止一次性塑料餐具和吸管，改用金属制品。顾客可以自带杯子在餐厅装咖啡；大包装的商品买完后需要归还空容器才能购买新的，由商家进行消毒后再利用。
 
@jasonking6892
Expat ���� lives in Colombia ����
Not here but plastic unfortunately is everywhere
And pollution from old buses is a problem
 
我是个英国人，现在生活在哥伦比亚。虽然不是东南亚，但这里的塑料污染也无处不在。还有老旧公交车带来的污染也是个问题。
 
@kevinduhamel4489
I start going to the philippines 11 years ago and at that time people were drinking soft drink in reusable glass bottle last years went back and it seems like theres almost only plastic soft drink bottle. Its very sad to see all this plastic pollution. Go back to glass bottle, its the gouvernement policy who allowed this to happen !!
 
我11年前第一次去菲律宾，当时大家喝的汽水都是用可重复使用的玻璃瓶。去年再去，几乎全是塑料瓶了。看到塑料污染成灾真的很难过。回归玻璃瓶吧！这一切都是政府的政策导致的！
 
@jaimatt7943
Malaysia is not doing anything about single-use plastic. The minister too scared to enforce ban, fearing backlash from petty traders and food hawkers. Using poverty as an excuse is just despicable.
 
马来西亚在一次性塑料问题上毫无作为。部长害怕小贩和小商贩的反对，不敢推动禁令。拿贫困当借口简直令人不齿。
 
@merlion6613
We all must use less single-use plastic. That is the only way. I am still horrified how many single use plastic bags (wet markets, bakeries, drinks), straws, cutleries are so freely and nonchalantly used daily. We can all do better.
 
我们每个人都必须减少一次性塑料的使用，这是唯一的出路。我至今仍然对每天在湿市场、面包店、饮品店里随意使用一次性塑料袋、吸管和餐具的情况感到震惊。我们本可以做得更好。
 
@katealekseeva4260
Thank you for this comprehensive overview of the problem! Please keep up this great work. One thing I would like to point out: we now know that plastic recycling is dangerous (both: for those who recycle and live near recycling, and for those who use recycled plastics). So it is confusing to hear about plastic recycling as part of the solution to the plastic problem. There are multiple studies and research paper on the dangers of recycled plastics (since at least 2023) produced by the IPEN, Greenpeace and other reliable and independent organisations. Please look into that in order not to mislead with false solutions.
The only solution to the problem of plastics and microplastic is to reduce its production. There’s no other way around it.
 
感谢你对这个问题所做的全面梳理！请继续保持优秀的工作。我想指出一点：我们现在已经知道塑料回收是有害的——无论是对那些参与回收和住在回收场附近的人，还是对那些使用回收塑料制品的人来说都是如此。所以，当我们听到把塑料回收视为解决塑料问题的一部分时确实令人困惑。早在2023年起，IPEN、绿色和平等多个权威独立机构就发布了多份关于回收塑料危害的研究报告。请务必关注这些内容，以免传播错误的解决方案。
解决塑料和微塑料问题的唯一方法就是减少塑料的生产，别无他法。
 
@ITW2024-v2z
A portion of recyclable plastics is exported to other countries, mainly in the region (like Malaysia and Indonesia), for recycling. However, this export volume has decreased since countries like China banned plastic waste imports in 2018.
 
一部分可回收塑料被出口到其他国家，主要是本地区国家，如马来西亚和印度尼西亚进行回收处理。然而，自从中国在2018年禁止进口塑料垃圾后，塑料出口量已经大幅下降。
 
@Hsrvictor
Eventually there will be tiny bacteria that will eat the microplastics, which already exist. However, there should be a drastic change in the way we use the plastic (packages, bottles, sachets...) or change the component of it to make it degradable or recyclable. People are so ignorant because they say investing money in recycling is such a waste, but if you do not spend it there, it will be spent in healthcare. It is just a vicious cycle.
 
最终会有微生物吞噬微塑料，而且这种细菌其实已经存在。但我们仍需要彻底改变塑料的使用方式，比如包装、瓶子、小包装袋等，或者改变塑料的成分，使其更易降解或回收。
人们的无知令人遗憾，他们认为投资回收系统是浪费钱，但如果不投入到回收上，最终这些钱就会花在医疗上。这就是一个恶性循环。
 
@Highwhyman19
You can fix poor and stupid, but you cannot fix ignorant behavior. As an Indo, it's impossible for me, a regular dude with regular sense of civic duties, to find a common ground with those "group of people" (yeah I said it).
So the best we can do is just look away and stay away from them.
 
贫穷和愚蠢尚且可以改善，但无知的行为是无法纠正的。作为一个印度尼西亚人，我只是一个有基本公民意识的普通人，实在无法与“那群人”（对，我就是这么说的）达成共识。
我们能做的最好方式，就是别看、别靠近他们。
 
@ss_bean
Greedy bosses and companies continue to profit out of these as we speak. They are not going to stop. It is impossible to get every consumer to stay on the same page. The only one who can make significant changes is the government with the power of law. Unfortunately, governments lack the tenacity. Therefore, what goes around, comes around. Good luck, fellow humans.
 
贪婪的老板和公司此刻依然靠这些牟利。他们不会停止。要让所有消费者统一行动几乎不可能，唯一能够带来真正改变的是政府运用法律的力量。
不幸的是大多数政府缺乏执行力，所以因果循环，终将回报。祝你好运，人类。
 
@jamesalias595
A cultural shift needs to take place along with government control of waste disposal. Everything is wrapped in plastic, including bananas and apples in the supermarket. Also, the small packaging versus bulk means quadruple or more of the amount of plastic used. Sure, people are poor and sometimes cannot afford to buy in bulk, but that is not the majority of citizens. They are just used to buying small quantities. I am not even saying use American-sized bulk packaging, but getting rid of the daily one-serving size.
 
我们需要文化上的转变，同时也需要政府对垃圾处理进行监管。现在超市里的所有东西都用塑料包裹，连香蕉和苹果也不例外。小包装相比散装使用的塑料量是四倍甚至更多。
是的，有些人因为贫穷买不起大包装，但这并不是大多数公民的情况。人们只是习惯了买少量而已。我不是说我们要采用美国那种超大包装，但至少应该摒弃那种每天一份的小包装形式。
 
@HuiChyr
And Singaporeans aren't eating microplastic too? Why not? Is Singapore not in Southeast Asia? Hahaha...
Singaporeans are full of themselves.
 
新加坡人就不吃微塑料了吗？为什么？新加坡不是也在东南亚吗？哈哈哈……
新加坡人的自以为是真令人不屑。
 
@sallywb1233
Let's educate & practice waste separation (household management) start them since early childhood education years.
Let's make it a habit, start at your home, our beloved family.
Sadly, it is 2025, in a south Jakarta gated housing estate where we currently resided, with most residents holding at least S1 title holders, people still do not care to separate their trash let alone recycle them.
We have been diligently teaching our children to be responsible, from reducing to recycling not just plastic but also papers, glass & metals.
Sometimes our neighbors look at us funny because we wash/clean our plastic/glass/paper waste before sending them to recycling. But it's ok, we hope we can inspire them. As we also learned it from living in Japan a few years ago. We have been doing it ever since.
Hopefully Indonesians will come to their senses and it is not too late.
 
我们应该从幼儿教育阶段就开始培养垃圾分类（家庭管理）意识和实践。
让这种行为成为习惯，从自己家里开始，从我们所爱的家庭开始。
令人遗憾的是现在都已经是2025年了，我们生活在雅加达南部的一个封闭的社区里，大多数居民至少拥有本科学历，可人们依然对垃圾分类毫不在意，更别说回收利用了。
我们一直在认真教导孩子要有责任感，不只是回收塑料，也包括纸张、玻璃和金属。
有时候邻居会用奇怪的眼光看我们，因为我们在将塑料、玻璃、纸类垃圾送去回收之前都会先清洗干净。但没有关系，我们希望能以此启发他们。毕竟我们也是几年前在日本生活时学会这些的，从那以后我们就一直坚持着。
希望印尼人能早日觉醒，希望还来得及。
 
@jzorooororonoa1838
I like the point exchange program in PH, it might can work in Indonesia too. Also find some reverse vending machine in overseas, money return should can push people.
Small sachet should be stop.
 
我很喜欢菲律宾的积分兑换项目，也许这个方法也可以在印尼推广。此外，海外还有一些反向自动售货机可以退钱返现，应该会鼓励更多人参与。
小包装袋的使用应该被禁止。
 
@Kaichongjee
The amount of plastic being burnt in Bantar Gebang, Indonesia to make foods like tofu is bad.
Can't imagine the level of microplastics being fed to Indonesians.
 
在印度尼西亚万登格邦烧塑料来生产像豆腐这种食物的现象太糟糕了。
难以想象印尼人正在摄入多少微塑料。
 
@derekongkb
It is not about the issue of single-use plastic but how the country manages the plastic waste.
In Singapore, we burn them up to get energy, while the rest of SEA just try to put them into landfills and in the end it gets into the environment, disintegrates and form microplastics.
 
问题不仅仅在于一次性塑料本身，还在于国家如何处理塑料垃圾。
在新加坡，我们通过焚烧塑料来发电，而东南亚其他国家只是将塑料填埋，最后这些塑料进入环境中并分解成微塑料。
 
@indragede4401
Plastic packaging food and beverage companies that must be held accountable and also raise public awareness of the dangers to health.
It is our fault that Indonesian citizens use plastic every day.
 
食品和饮料塑料包装企业必须被追责，同时也要提升公众对其健康危害的认知。
我们印尼公民每天都在使用塑料，这是我们的责任。
 
@ECOSAM-SG
���� With rising microplastic exposure in the region, it's more important than ever to stay mindful of what we touch, eat, and wash.
Singaporean-made ECOSAM sanitizers, disinfectants, and hand & dish washes offer a clean, reliable choice for healthier daily living.
 
随着本地区微塑料暴露日益严重，我们更加需要留意自己接触、摄入和清洗的物品。
新加坡制造的ECOSAM消毒液、清洁剂及洗手液和洗洁精为健康日常生活提供了干净可靠的选择。
 
@romansaakov7081
People at stage when they already know consequences of their consuming habits and should start live in a balance with the nature, but it looks like the majority of the people doesn't even scratching the head.
 
人们现在已经处于一个清楚消费习惯后果的阶段，理应开始与自然保持平衡的生活方式。但看起来，大多数人连想都不愿意去想。
 
@jimk3487
Waste is just WASTE. No government officer wants to be in charge.
The one put in charge is always deemed the loser or less capable compared to the one getting the position of minister of trade/finance.
That is the problem. Get someone smart to educate its people and manage the collection/disposal properly.
 
垃圾就是垃圾，根本没有政府官员愿意负责。
被安排负责垃圾问题的人总被认为是失败者，或者比不上那些当上财政或贸易部长的人。
这就是问题所在。应该任命聪明的人来教育民众，合理管理垃圾收集与处理。
 
@angelosupsup3726
Filipino English look smooth and excellent accent than Singaporean English...
Why CNA didn’t hire Filipino journalists instead so that everyone are happy listening.
 
菲律宾人的英语听起来更流畅、口音也更标准，比新加坡英语好听……
CNA为什么不雇佣菲律宾记者呢？那样大家听起来都会更舒服。
 
@ratmaazizah4703
I believe that the matters coming from how Indo Govt managed rubbish in well, because it will affect the ecosystem surrounding, and of course still find more of Indonesian still throwing a rubbish not in proper place (such as in a river).
 
我认为这个问题主要在于印尼政府没有妥善处理垃圾，这将影响周围的生态系统。
当然，依然有很多印尼人把垃圾乱扔，比如直接丢进河里。
 
@zoem314
Microplastics don’t just come from plastic packaging.
Even from coatings of non-stick pans and almost all of our clothes are made of PU materials.
It’s not just SEA, it’s all over the world.
 
微塑料并不仅仅来自塑料包装。
连不粘锅的涂层以及我们几乎所有的衣服都是聚氨酯材料制成的。
不仅仅是东南亚，全球都存在这个问题。
 
@charliepearce8767
There's no problem with plastic.
The problem is what people do with the plastic after they finish using it.
The microplastics found today were discarded 30, 20 years ago. Proper disposal is the solution.
 
塑料本身不是问题，
问题在于人们用完塑料之后怎么处理它。
我们今天发现的微塑料，其实早在20或30年前就被丢弃了。正确处理才是解决之道。
 
@problemperson4221
I can't believe there are Malaysians, Filipinos, and Indonesians here being butthurt over CNA saying these countries consume the most microplastics.
I actually checked out the Cornell University (from New York, 2024 article by xiang Zhao and Fengqi You) article and they literally only did say those 3 countries.
Also, there's a reason why they specifically mentioned fish in general because 59% of microplastics come from aquatic sources.
There's a good chance Singaporeans as a whole don't eat as much fish as compared to the rest of ASEAN (do you remember any famous fish dish by Singapore?)
Singapore was never mentioned in the article, CNA was being honest that Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and Egypt topped the list for most microplastics consumption.
I'm not even a Singaporean and even I feel embarrassed that people get so butthurt by a news channel presenting information that doesn’t make them seem like angels.
 
我简直不敢相信这里竟然有马来西亚人、菲律宾人和印尼人在因为 CNA 提到他们是微塑料摄入最多的国家而恼羞成怒。
我亲自查阅了康奈尔大学（纽约，2024年，赵翔与尤锋齐）发布的文章，他们的确只提到了这三个国家。
而且他们特别提到了鱼，这是有原因的——59%的微塑料都来自水生来源。
很可能，新加坡人整体上比东盟其他国家吃鱼更少（你能说出新加坡有什么著名的鱼类料理吗？）
文章中根本没有提到新加坡，CNA只是诚实地说出了马来西亚、印尼、菲律宾、越南和埃及是微塑料摄入最多的国家。
我甚至都不是新加坡人，我只是觉得有人因为新闻频道讲了一些让他们不舒服的真相就大发雷霆实在太尴尬了。
 
@Numbe-i2q
Indonesia is lost. People throwing their trash everywhere. In the canal, the street, just everywhere. Was just shocking to see when I was in Jakarta. No hope for them.
 
印尼已经没救了。人们把垃圾随处乱丢，运河里、街道上，到处都是。我在雅加达的时候看到这种情况，真的非常震惊。他们已经看不到希望了。
 
@loelee8893
Can you please do voice over instead of just putting subtitles? Not all of your viewers especially this kind of videos running almost an hour will stay in front of the screen to read them.
Some are running errands while listening. I love this kind of documentary but have no time sticking in front of the screen just to read subtitles.
So annoying that I can't watch/listen to this and almost all your videos.
 
你们能不能加上配音而不仅仅是加字幕？并不是所有观众都能坐在屏幕前看你们这种将近一个小时的视频。
有些人是一边干家务一边听的。我真的很喜欢你们这种纪录片，但就是没时间坐在那儿光看字幕。
这很烦人，因为我几乎没法听也没法看你们的大部分视频。