国外热议：中国、俄罗斯、日本、韩国、朝鲜，哪个国家的海军最强（不包括潜艇）？
Which country has the strongest navy among China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea (excluding submarines)?
译文简介
网友：我要说，中国海军（PLAN），以微弱优势领先于日本。我知道这个评价可能不太受欢迎，但中国的海军造舰计划……规模庞大。
正文翻译
最终排名（不含潜艇）
1️⃣ 中国——规模最大、实力最强，但实战经验仍显不足。
2️⃣ 日本——拥有最先进的舰队，配备顶尖训练和武器装备。
3️⃣ 韩国——现代化进程迅猛，列装顶级驱逐舰。
4️⃣ 俄罗斯——虽显老态却不容小觑，导弹技术尤具威胁。
5️⃣ 朝鲜——数量庞大却装备陈旧，实战效能低下。
1️⃣ 中国——规模最大、实力最强，但实战经验仍显不足。
2️⃣ 日本——拥有最先进的舰队，配备顶尖训练和武器装备。
3️⃣ 韩国——现代化进程迅猛，列装顶级驱逐舰。
4️⃣ 俄罗斯——虽显老态却不容小觑，导弹技术尤具威胁。
5️⃣ 朝鲜——数量庞大却装备陈旧，实战效能低下。
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我要说，中国海军（PLAN），以微弱优势领先于日本。我知道这个评价可能不太受欢迎，但中国的海军造舰计划……规模庞大。
China has more destroyers and frigates than Japan. China’s aircraft carriers are…cute, but they haven’t got enough experience with them, nor enough experienced carrier pilots to get full advantage of them, and the Type 003 is still working up. I’d take Japan’s carriers with F-35B stealth aircraft any day.
中国拥有比日本更多的驱逐舰和护卫舰。中国的航空母舰……虽然挺萌，但他们操作航母的经验不足，也没有经验足够丰富的舰载机飞行员来充分发挥其优势，而且003型航母仍在进行测试磨合。相比之下，我任何时候都会选择日本搭载F-35B隐形战机的航母。
日本的出云级（航母）很快将支持F-35B战斗机。
Just looking at hull numbers, it should be China at the top by a mile (don’t be fooled by the very high number of Chinese auxiliaries and China’s ship count), but Japan’s technological expertise exceeds China’s. So Japan may have fewer surface combatants, but they’ll get greater results from what they have.
仅仅看舰艇数量，中国应该遥遥领先（不要被中国庞大的辅助舰艇数量和总舰艇数所迷惑），但日本的技术专长超过了中国。因此，日本的水面作战舰艇可能更少，但他们会从现有装备中取得更大的战果。
Another consideration is China’s new Type 055 destroyer. It looks impressive on paper, and is a step up from the Type 52. This is an advance into producing a blue-water navy that until now, China hasn’t had.
另一个考虑因素是中国的新型055型驱逐舰。它在纸面数据上看起来令人印象深刻，是052型（驱逐舰）的升级版。这是中国向打造一支蓝水海军迈进的一步，而在此之前，中国并不具备这样的能力。
中国055型驱逐舰
The Type 055 puts China in the big leagues, though not yet squarely in the ranks with the Arleigh-Burke class nor Japan’s Maya class destroyers, but it’s getting there.
055型（驱逐舰）让中国跻身于顶尖行列，虽然尚未完全达到美国阿利·伯克级（Arleigh-Burke）或日本摩耶级（Maya）驱逐舰的水平，但它正在接近。
Russia runs third on the list. Though, Japan’s navy would run roughshod over the 3rd place contender.
俄罗斯排在第三位。不过，日本海军能轻松碾压第三名的竞争者。
South Korea is in 4th in my estimation, but only because of low numbers. Their Sejong the Great-class destroyers are frankly, impressive, and are a good match for anything in China’s inventory.
在我看来，韩国排在第四位，但这仅仅是因为数量少。他们的世宗大王级驱逐舰坦率地说令人印象深刻，足以与中国海军现役的任何舰艇匹敌。
世宗大王级驱逐舰
In last place is North Korea. Not much to say about it. Unimpressive.
垫底的是朝鲜。没什么好说的。乏善可陈。
Francis Smith The answer is quite simple.
答案很简单。
Japan has the world’s second most powerful navy, second only to the US being.
日本拥有世界第二强大的海军，仅次于美国。
Be grateful that Japan has taken on this role - your future may depend on it.
应当感激日本承担了这一角色——你们的未来或许正系于此。
Edit #1: The summer 2024 RIMPAC naval exercise demonstrated the US Navy’s most recent candidate aircraft carrier (or large ship) killer - a 2000 lb JDAM - "Joint Direct Attack Munition".
注 #1：2024年夏季的环太平洋海军演习（RIMPAC）展示了美国海军最新的候选航母（或大型舰船）杀手——一枚2000磅的JDAM（“联合直接攻击弹药”）。
Using a B2 stealth bomber, they show-cased using a single JDAM to sink a target aircraft carrier, the USS Tarawa (LHA-1).
他们使用一架B2隐形轰炸机，展示了仅用一枚JDAM就击沉了目标航母——美国“塔拉瓦”号两栖攻击舰（LHA-1）。
Additional similar but smaller weapons are presented, for sinking large ships but using smaller aircraft.
还展示了其他类似但更小的武器，用于击沉大型舰船，但可以由更小型的飞机携带。
Edit #2: The usual pundits would have you believe that the Chinese navy is somehow more dangerous. But the fact remains that, in order for the Chinese navy to defend China, they must seize operational control of the Indian Ocean, through which their essential supplies of energy and food-related stuff must be shipped. They simply cannot effectively project naval power anything like what that mission requires.
注 #2：那些常见的专家会让你相信中国海军在某种程度上更危险。但事实是，中国海军要保卫中国，就必须夺取印度洋的作战控制权，因为其必需的能源和食品等物资必须经由印度洋运输。他们根本无法像该任务要求的那样有效地投射海军力量。
At this moment China ponders building up military/naval strength to seize Taiwan (maybe 130 Km). That capability remains a stretch for China. Anywheres west of Malaysia are simply fantasies.
此刻中国正考虑增强军事/海军力量以夺取台湾（地区）（可能距离130公里）。这种能力对中国来说仍然很勉强。至于马来西亚以西的任何地方，那纯粹是幻想。
Look at a map:
看看地图：
即使算上潜艇，朝鲜和俄罗斯也出局了。他们的装备是老旧、锈迹斑斑的破铜烂铁，船员能力不足、补给匮乏、管理不善，各方面都欠缺。我认为目前很清楚，他们实力不济（字面：在小孩那桌吃饭）。
Among the rest of the countries on the list, Chinese Navy dwarfs Japanese and South Korean Navies:
在名单上的其余国家中，中国海军在规模上远超日本和韩国海军：
South Korean Navy is 70,000 active duty personnel including 29,000 marines (2022); ~150 ships and 70 aircraft.
韩国海军现役人员70,000人，包括29,000名海军陆战队员（2022年）；约150艘舰艇和70架飞机。
Japanese Navy is 50,800 personnel; 150+ ships; 346 aircraft
日本海军人员50,800人；150多艘舰艇；346架飞机。
Chinese Navy is 240,000 personnel, including 15,000 marines and 26,000 naval air force personnel, 370 ships, 712 aircraft.
中国海军人员240,000人，包括15,000名海军陆战队员和26,000名海军航空兵人员，370艘舰艇，712架飞机。
Considering that Australian Navy is small with only 43 ships and New Zealand only has 9 ships, China is the most powerful naval nation in that region. That means that any conflict with China in that part of the world could only be resolved with significant help from the United States.
考虑到澳大利亚海军规模小，只有43艘舰艇，新西兰只有9艘舰艇，中国是该地区最强大的海军国家。这意味着在世界那个地区与中国发生的任何冲突，都只能在美国的大力帮助下才能解决。
Yausi Tamn I don't have a full information about them as a layman I can only guess , I don't think in today's world one can surely consider a navy strong just because of its size , I think one well equipped vessel can out do a entire fleet of those who are backwards from inside , ships are slow so the chances of hitting them should be high what's makes the differences should be what devices they possess and that's not a huge size
作为一个外行，我没有关于他们的全部信息，只能猜测。我认为在当今世界，不能仅凭规模就断定一支海军强大。我认为一艘装备精良的舰艇可以胜过一整支技术落后的舰队。舰船速度慢，所以击中它们的机会应该很高。真正起决定性作用的应该是它们拥有什么设备，而这（指设备优势）并不需要巨大的（舰船）尺寸。
Eric C Ruybal Out of those, Japan has the strongest Navy.
在（讨论的）这些国家中，日本拥有最强大的海军。
Simply said, Japan has a forward deployed U.S. carrier battle group in port in Japan!? That will fight and defend Japan if it is ever attacked!
简单地说，日本在日本港口部署着一支美国航母战斗群！？如果日本遭到攻击，它将为日本而战并保卫日本！
The Japanese also have quite advanced naval ships of their own and are actively building that force up.
日本人自己也拥有相当先进的海军舰艇，并且正在积极扩充这支力量。
The Japanese are no slouches on their own and have the most advanced fighters, supplied by the U.S. out of those questioned about.
日本人自身实力不俗，并且拥有（讨论对象中）最先进的战斗机，这些战斗机由美国提供。
Dave Da Wiz China, by a wide margin. Currently, they already outnumber the U.S. in terms of numbers. And China will continue building, first with a brown water fleet that will stay within its borders, which already outnumbers the U.S., Japan, South Korea and Russia. Next they will soon start building up a blue water fleet with nuclear engines that can take them far from its coasts for global actions. Not only does China have a much larger fleet, they’re also more technologically advanced with the latest weapon systems.
中国，优势巨大。目前，他们在数量上已经超过了美国。而且中国将继续建造，首先是建造一支将在其边界内活动的黄水舰队（近海舰队），其规模已经超过了美国、日本、韩国和俄罗斯。接下来，他们很快将开始建造配备核动力、能够远离其海岸进行全球行动的蓝水舰队（远洋舰队）。中国不仅拥有规模大得多的舰队，他们还拥有更先进的技术和最新的武器系统。
Craig Raw Ranking the Strongest Navy (Excluding Submarines) Among China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea
中国、俄罗斯、日本、韩国和朝鲜海军实力排名（不含潜艇）
If we exclude submarines and focus on surface fleets (aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates, and other warships), the ranking would be:
如果我们排除潜艇，只关注水面舰队（航空母舰、驱逐舰、护卫舰和其他战舰），排名将是：
China (People’s Liberation Army Navy - PLAN)
中国（中国人民解放军海军 - PLAN）
Strongest Surface Fleet
最强的水面舰队
Fleet Size: 370+ combat ships (largest in the world by total numbers).
舰队规模：370多艘作战舰艇（按总数量计算世界最大）。
Aircraft Carriers: 3 (Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian, with a 4th in development).
航空母舰：3艘（辽宁舰、山东舰、福建舰，第4艘在建中）。
Destroyers & Frigates: 50+ modern destroyers (Type 052D, Type 055) and many frigates.
驱逐舰和护卫舰：50多艘现代化驱逐舰（052D型、055型）以及众多护卫舰。
Amphibious Assault Ships: Type 075 LHDs, designed for potential Taiwan operations.
两栖攻击舰：075型两栖攻击舰（LHD），设计用于潜在的台湾（地区）行动。
Missile Capabilities: Advanced anti-ship and air-defense missiles (YJ-18, HHQ-9).
导弹能力：先进的反舰和防空导弹（YJ-18, HHQ-9）。
Weaknesses: Still lacks combat experience and global power projection compared to the U.S.
弱点：与美国相比，仍然缺乏实战经验和全球力量投送能力。
Japan (Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force - JMSDF)
2. 日本（日本海上自卫队 - JMSDF）
Most Advanced Technology & Training
最先进的技术与训练
Fleet Size: 150+ warships (smaller than China but highly advanced).
舰队规模：150多艘战舰（规模小于中国但高度先进）。
Aircraft Carriers: Technically 0, but operates 2 Izumo-class "helicopter destroyers" being converted to F-35B carriers.
航空母舰：技术上为0艘，但操作着2艘正被改装为F-35B航母的出云级“直升机驱逐舰”。
Destroyers & Frigates: 8 Aegis-equipped destroyers (Kongo, Atago, Maya-class), highly capable against air and missile threats.
驱逐舰和护卫舰：8艘装备宙斯盾系统的驱逐舰（金刚级、爱宕级、摩耶级），对空和导弹威胁具有极强防御能力。
Amphibious Forces: Large and capable for island defense.
两栖力量：规模大且能力突出，用于岛屿防御。
Weaknesses: Lacks nuclear-powered ships and is constitutionally restricted in offensive operations.
弱点：缺乏核动力舰艇，且受宪法限制不能进行进攻性作战。
South Korea (Republic of Korea Navy - ROKN)
3. 韩国（大韩民国海军 - ROKN）
Fastest Growing Navy in Asia
亚洲发展最快的海军
Fleet Size: 160+ warships, but high quality.
舰队规模：160多艘战舰，但质量很高。
Aircraft Carriers: None yet, but developing a light aircraft carrier (CVX project) for F-35B operations.
航空母舰：目前没有，但正在研发用于F-35B作战的轻型航空母舰（CVX项目）。
Destroyers & Frigates: Advanced Sejong the Great-class destroyers (Aegis-equipped, equivalent to U.S. Arleigh Burkes).
驱逐舰和护卫舰：先进的世宗大王级驱逐舰（装备宙斯盾系统，相当于美国阿利·伯克级）。
Amphibious Assault Ships: Dokdo-class LHDs, capable of carrying helicopters and marines.
两栖攻击舰：独岛级两栖攻击舰（LHD），能够搭载直升机和海军陆战队。
Weaknesses: Still smaller in numbers compared to China and Japan.
弱点：与中国和日本相比，数量仍然较少。
Russia (Russian Navy)
4. 俄罗斯（俄罗斯海军）
Aging but Still a Threat
老骥伏枥，犹存锋芒
Fleet Size: Around 250 ships, but many are old Soviet-era vessels.
舰队规模：约250艘舰艇，但许多是苏联时代的老旧舰船。
Aircraft Carriers: 1 (Admiral Kuznetsov, but in constant maintenance and barely operational).
航空母舰：1艘（库兹涅佐夫海军上将号，但处于持续维护中，几乎无法作战）。
Destroyers & Frigates: Some Sovremenny-class destroyers, modern Gorshkov-class frigates, but lacks large-scale production.
驱逐舰和护卫舰：一些现代级驱逐舰，现代化的戈尔什科夫级护卫舰，但缺乏大规模生产能力。
Amphibious Assault Ships: Limited, and lacks true global expeditionary capabilities.
两栖攻击舰：数量有限，缺乏真正的全球远征能力。
Missile Capabilities: Strong in hypersonic and long-range missiles (Tsirkon, Kalibr).
导弹能力：在高超音速和远程导弹（锆石、口径）方面实力强劲。
Weaknesses: Many old, unreliable ships; financial and logistical struggles limit modernization.
弱点：许多老旧、不可靠的舰船；财政和后勤困难限制了现代化进程。
North Korea (Korean People's Navy - KPN)
5. 朝鲜（朝鲜人民军海军 - KPN）
Largest but Least Effective
规模最大但效能最低
Fleet Size: 430+ ships, mostly small patrol boats, missile boats, and outdated frigates.
舰队规模：430多艘舰艇，主要是小型巡逻艇、导弹艇和过时的护卫舰。
Aircraft Carriers: None.
航空母舰：无。
Destroyers & Frigates: A few, but mostly old and weak against modern navies.
驱逐舰和护卫舰：有几艘，但大多是老旧且难以对抗现代海军的。
Missile Capabilities: Relies on land-based missiles rather than naval power.
导弹能力：依赖陆基导弹而非海军力量。
Weaknesses: Almost no blue-water capability, outdated fleet, and poor logistics.
弱点：几乎没有蓝水（远洋）作战能力，舰队过时，后勤保障差。
Final Ranking (Excluding Submarines)
最终排名（不含潜艇）
1️⃣ China – Largest and strongest, but still lacks combat experience. 2️⃣ Japan – Most advanced fleet with top-tier training and weapons. 3️⃣ South Korea – Rapidly modernizing, with top-tier destroyers. 4️⃣ Russia – Aging but still a threat, especially in missile technology. 5️⃣ North Korea – Large in numbers but outdated and ineffective.
1️⃣ 中国——规模最大、实力最强，但实战经验仍显不足。 2️⃣ 日本——拥有最先进的舰队，配备顶尖训练和武器装备。 3️⃣ 韩国——现代化进程迅猛，列装顶级驱逐舰。 4️⃣ 俄罗斯——虽显老态却不容小觑，导弹技术尤具威胁。 5️⃣ 朝鲜——数量庞大却装备陈旧，实战效能低下。
Who Would Win in a Naval War?
若爆发海战，孰能胜出？
China would dominate in numbers and firepower. Japan and South Korea have high-tech, well-trained fleets that could hold their own. Russia struggles with maintenance and outdated ships. North Korea’s navy is almost irrelevant in modern warfare.
中国将在数量与火力上占据压倒性优势； 日韩凭借高科技舰队与精锐训练可堪一战； 俄罗斯受困于舰艇老化与维护难题； 朝鲜海军在现代战争中几无存在价值。