空中客车如何超越波音，登上全球最大飞机制造商宝座？

 
Airbus and Boeing have been competing head to head for decades as the world’s largest commercial airplane makers. The European-based Airbus entered the market 56 years after its rival. And today, more than three-quarters of the world’s commercial aircraft is made up of Airbus and Boeing planes.
The Boeing 737 family and Airbus 320 family are the companies best-selling aircraft and have been a crucial segment of competition. Over the last few years, Airbus has pulled ahead of Boeing when it comes to net profits, orders, deliveries and backlog. Experts say its A321neo narrow-body aircraft is propelling the company ahead of Boeing, which has been dealing with crisis after crisis the last several years. CNBC explores how Airbus came to be the biggest commercial plane manufacturer and whether it can stay on top.
CNBC explores how Airbus came to be the biggest commercial plane manufacturer and whether it can stay on top.
Airbus and Boeing have been competing head to head for decades as the world’s largest commercial airplane makers. The European-based Airbus entered the market 56 years after its rival. And today, more than three-quarters of the world’s commercial aircraft is made up of Airbus and Boeing planes.
 
几十年来，空中客车与波音一直在争夺全球最大的商用飞机制造商的地位。总部位于欧洲的空客比竞争对手晚了整整56年进入市场。而如今，全球超过四分之三的商用飞机都来自这两家公司。
波音737系列和空客320系列是两家公司最畅销的机型，也是竞争的核心。过去几年，在净利润、订单、交付量和未交付订单等方面，空客全面领先。专家认为A321neo窄体客机是推动空客超越波音的关键，而波音近年却危机不断。CNBC深入探讨了空客如何跃升为全球最大商用飞机制造商以及它是否能够稳居头把交椅。
 
@dougkoontz1752
Boeing made the stock price more important than the planes themselves. Surprise!
 
波音把股价看得比飞机还重要，真是出人意料！
 
@Ruka-f7k
I was working for Airbus during Covid. Instead of being laid off we were still employed (on reduced wage), so we were able to keep the skills within the company after the end of the crisis.
Meanwhile Boeing just decided to lay off workers and buy back stocks to please the shareholders.
 
疫情期间我在空客工作。我们并没有被裁员，只是降薪留职，这样危机过后公司还能保住技术力量。
而波音那边却选择大裁员，再拿钱回购股票以取悦股东。
 
@dimitristsekeris2000
The story of Airbus and Boeing is a perfect example of why standards and regulations are in place in the European market.
 
空客和波音的对比就是为什么欧洲市场重视标准与监管的最好例证。
 
@rohitparida9905
No way this is getting recommended to me today of all times.
 
竟然偏偏在今天被推荐这个视频，真是太巧了。
 
@ChuckNorrizzed
European precision and engineering vs American cost-cutting and disregard for safety
 
这是欧洲的精密工程对上美国的削减成本与无视安全。
 
@spacebrainer
This is insane. Just finished watching this video and saw the news that another Boeing crashed in India... Condolences to those affected
 
太离谱了。我刚看完这个视频就看到新闻说又有一架波音在印度坠毁……向受影响的人致以慰问。
 
@prynsfellow3337
Considering todays 787-8 crush, AIRBUS is the best.
Has never dissapointed the world.
 
今天787-8的坠毁事件之后，我只能说空客才是最好的。
它们从没让世界失望过。
 
@turkuas23626
I am an aircraft maintenance engineer, I used to work on boeing aircrafts and currently working on airbus family. Airbus airplanes are more sophisticated and user friendly. I have no idea which one is less costly or operator friendly, but airbus making huge advancement. I definitely can see the difference by looking their maintenance manuels
 
我是飞机维修工程师，以前是修波音的，现在在修空客。空客的飞机更先进也更人性化。我不知道哪个更省钱或对运营商更友好，但空客确实进步巨大。从维修手册里就能看出两者的差距。
 
@victorcapel2755
The A380 is truly a giant of an aircraft. Super impressive. Never been in one, but saw one up close at Frankfurt airport. It dwarfes anything its in proximity of.
 
A380确实是一架巨无霸飞机。虽然我没有坐过，但在法兰克福机场近距离看过一架，周围所有的飞机在它面前都显得渺小。
 
@lfw-n7k
I don’t think consumer preferences play a large scale role but it is still very interesting to see the love for the A380 and Beluga. I’ve had the pleasure of flying in an A380 and it was amazing.
 
我不觉得消费者偏好在市场上有决定性的作用，但人们对A380和白鲸运输机的喜爱确实挺有趣。我坐过一次A380，体验确实惊艳。
 
@duanegrindstaff9635
As a former Boeing employee, I remember how the most important thing for employee advancement was kissing up to management. So the company was full of employees playing for the latest management games, and only a few were actually trying to do productive work. 25 years ago, from the inside, it was easy to see that the company was setting itself up for failure.
 
作为波音的前员工，我记得那时候想晋升最重要的是会拍管理层的马屁。公司到处都是在迎合管理层玩游戏的人，真正踏实干活的没几个。二十五年前在公司内部就能看出它早晚要出事。
 
@Sayitlikitiz101
I'm an A380 enjoyer, I had the pleasure to fly it 3 times (twice with Emirates and once with Singapore) and it's amazing. Beyond the comfort, I love how quiet those giant aircraft are on the inside and the flight is so smooth! I also like the A350 a lot, a very very impressive product. I recently changed airline and bought a flight back to US from Europe costing an extra $82 because the cheapest one was a Boeing. It was the right decision, I was upgraded to business because the plane was virtually empty. Not a lot of people coming over I guess.
 
我是A380的忠实粉，我坐过三次（两次阿联酋航空，一次新航），体验太棒了。除了舒适以外，我最爱的是那种超大飞机的内部居然那么安静，飞行也非常平稳！我也很喜欢A350，真是了不起的飞机。前不久我改航班回美国，多花了82美元就是为了避开波音。结果还真值——机上几乎没有人，我被升舱了。估计最近没多少人飞这条线。
 
@chrisk7533
Door plugs not flying off mid flight usually helps. I also have it on good authority that passengers usually prefer it when their plane doesn't drop out of the sky for several seconds.
 
中途舱门不会飞掉确实是个加分项，我也听说过乘客普遍喜欢飞机不要突然从天上往下掉几秒钟。
 
@speeder172
You forgot something REALLY important about MCAS, Boeing knew and hid this new system to pilots, no training needed they said! And yet the system malfunctionned and pilots were not aware of this new MCAS system and we know how it ended up.
I think it's really important to remember what Boeing did.
 
你们忘了MCAS系统（波音公司为737 MAX机型设计的飞行控制软件，主要用于解决该机型因发动机布局改变可能导致的失速风险）这个至关重要的细节。波音明知这个新系统的存在，却向飞行员隐瞒，还说不需要培训！结果系统出故障，而飞行员根本不知道这玩意儿的存在，后果大家都知道了。
我们有责任记住波音当初干了什么。
 
@camhusmj38
Airbus focused on technical innovation and safety. They invested in their employees and suppliers instead of viewing them as a profit centre. They supported airlines to improve pilot training, embedding training staff with partner airlines with poor safety records. Boeing turned pilot training into a profit centre. Etc. etc.
 
空客专注于技术创新和安全，他们把员工和供应商当成长期投资而不是用来榨利润的对象。他们还帮助航空公司改进飞行员培训，甚至把培训人员派驻到安全记录差的合作航空公司。相比之下，波音把飞行员培训变成了赚钱的工具，等等等等。
 
@146348
The Douglas-Boeing merger was Boeings worst decision/nightmare. How a great company allowed a smaller company to subsume them and have operational control of the company is beyond belief. That led to a series of unbelievably bad executive decisions that unfortunately led to the MAX fiasco. They should never have allowed the Douglas CEO to be the new CEO who right after moved the companys HQ out of Seattle “away from the engineering team” like they stated at the time. That whole Douglas executive team was such a disaster and they should honestly have their own documentary. You guys should read the award winning reporting by Seattle Times on this…it’s jaw dropping and one of the best local journalism I’ve ever read!
 
道格拉斯和波音的合并是波音最糟糕的决定，这简直就是噩梦。一个伟大的公司居然允许一个规模更小的公司主导运营权，难以置信。这导致了一系列糟糕透顶的高管决策，最终酿成737 MAX的灾难。他们当时不该让道格拉斯的CEO出任新CEO，结果这人上任后第一件事就是把总部从西雅图迁走，说是为了“远离工程团队”。那整支道格拉斯高管团队简直就是场灾难，他们真的该拍一部纪录片。你们应该去看看《西雅图时报》关于这事的获奖报道，我震撼到下巴都掉了，那是我读过的最棒的本地调查新闻。
 
@jennifergauthier4751
Several years ago, Boeing's new management team put accountants in as the leaders, whereas the engineers had been the leaders before. If a company's new motto is investments and dividends, instead of safety, you get the current Boeing.
 
几年前，波音的管理层换了一批人，他们把会计师放在了领导位置，而以前是工程师当家。一个公司如果把“投资和分红”而不是“安全”当成座右铭，那就变成了今天这个样子。
 
@DPWian
When my wife and I pick airline tickets we look to see if the flight will have an Airbus. Yes, we know sometimes you can’t do that or they change the plane but we still feel a lot safer on an Airbus. Peace of mind.
 
我和我太太买机票时会特别留意是否是空客机型。虽然有时没得选，或者航司临时换机型，但只要是空客我们就安心多了，真的更放心。
 
@ADAPTATION7
The problem is that Americans fail to recognize that the world surrounding them is evolving. The second world war gave the US a huge advantage which allowed them to dominate the better part of the 20th century. But we are now in the 21th century. You either adapt to this new reality or you fade away.
 
问题是美国人没有意识到世界已经变了。二战让美国领先了半个多世纪，但现在是21世纪了。你要么适应新现实，要么被时代淘汰。
 
@alexbroere2669
I was always a Boeing fan. At the age of 1 already flew in the 747, never looked back. But somehow my look at Boeing shifted. Not that I'm not flying Boeing anymore but I just feel Airbus is doing the right things and Airbus being European I have to support the locals more. Recently flew a 321 NEO and it's just a great plane. Airbus, keep doing the right thing!
 
我一直是波音粉，一岁就坐上了747，从此一直挺它。但不知从什么时候起，我对波音的看法变了。不是说我不坐波音了，只是觉得现在空客的做法更对。而且空客是欧洲的，我也想多支持本地企业。我最近坐了一次321 NEO，真的很棒。空客，请继续保持！
 
@AA-kj4ic
Boeing thought to reuse B737 frx saves money, so they milk the design for as long as possible which led to 737 max disaster. Boeing should have done a complete redesign from the ground up.
 
波音觉得复用737机体能省钱，于是一直榨干这款机型的剩余价值，结果酿成737 MAX灾难。波音本该彻底推倒重做，重新设计。
 
@LordofLaughs
Boeing executives leaving Seattle for Chicago then leaving Chicago for Virginia just to stay close to congress for lobbying reasons tells you all you need to know about their priorities. Oh, and the importance of stonks and not safety!
 
波音的高管们从西雅图搬到芝加哥，又从芝加哥搬到弗吉尼亚，只是为了更靠近国会好去游说，这就足以说明他们的真正优先级是什么了。对了，他们重视的是股价，而不是安全！
 
@ljacobs357
Boeing lobbied the government to restrict competition, rather than focusing on quality and replacing the aging 737 airfrx. Look no further than the tariffs Trump imposed on Bombardier when Delta wanted to purchase the Canadian made A220.
 
波音不专注于产品的质量，也不肯替换老旧的737机体，反而去游说政府打压竞争。比如，当达美航空想买加拿大制造的A220时，特朗普政府就对庞巴迪征收关税，这正是波音在背后操盘的结果。
 
@nonesuch27
Chatgpt: in the last 10 years, 346 deaths are directly attributable to confirmed Boeing design flaws (possibly more after Air India investigation). Airbus: zero deaths attributable to confirmed Airbus design flaws.
 
ChatGPT数据显示，过去十年中，有346人死于被确认是波音设计缺陷导致的事故（而且印度航空的调查可能还会增加这个数字），而空客的确认设计缺陷导致的死亡是零。
 
@sarabeth8050
Airbus didn't beat Boeing. Boeing beat itself senseless by hiring MBAs instead of their traditional engineers to run the company.
 
空客并没有打败波音，是波音自己亲手把自己打趴了——他们不再让工程师掌舵公司，而是雇了一堆MBA。
 
@AlexRoivas
For the Boeing 737 MAX, you had Boeing putting bigger engines on an old plane to try and save money and then using a computer program to make it work because of the different proportions. Two planes crashed because of errors in the MCAS program. Airbus, instead of using an old airplane frx, took the time to build a brand new plane with new engines. Airbus is now outselling Boeing because they took the time to do things right, and this put the lives of people at the front before the stockholders and their money.
 
波音为了省钱，把更大的引擎装到旧机体上，再靠一套计算机程序勉强协调飞机的平衡（因为比例变了），这就是737 MAX。结果因为MCAS程序出错，坠毁了两架飞机。空客没有走这条捷径，他们花时间重新设计了新飞机、新引擎。如今空客的销量领先，是因为他们一步一个脚印，把人命放在了股东的利益之前。
 
@KNRS927
It’s simple. Airbus actually focuses on quality and you don’t see them in the news as often as Boeing regarding airplane accidents and lack of quality. They actually focus on building good products, and letting sales and revenue follow. That’s how a good company should be run.
 
很简单，空客真正专注于品质。你很少看到空客因为事故或质量问题登上新闻，而波音频频出事。他们专心造好飞机，自然会有销量和收益。这才是一个好公司应有的运营方式。
 
@thomash2806
You fail to mention that no American airlines were ordering the A300 when it was announced and officially launched.
It took Airbus loaning 4 aircraft to Eastern Airlines for free in 1977 to get the ball rolling…
You also say the A380 ‘was’ in service until it ended production in 2021. This is clearly not true…
 
你漏提了一点：当年A300发布并正式投产时，没有一家美国航空公司下单。
直到1977年，空客免费把4架飞机借给东方航空（美国第四大航空公司，1991年倒闭），这才打开局面……
你还说A380“曾经”运营过，2021年停产了。但这显然不对，因为A380现在还在飞。
 
@TheNacropolice
Well, one tried to cover up their changes to how MCAS works in order to circumnavigate the certification process and resulted in 2 fatal crashes, whilst also later having massive issues with safety and QC - the other did not.
 
一个试图掩盖MCAS系统的运作方式，绕过监管认证，结果酿成两起空难，之后又爆出安全与质量控制的系统性问题；而另一个没有。
 
@DBond-bv2oi
Airbus make good planes without any big problems. Customers can feel safe. Every screw in a airbus is digital proofed and controlled after installation. For safty a big advantage.
 
空客的飞机没有出过什么大问题，乘客坐得安心。他们的每一颗螺丝都数字化留痕，安装后还要检测确认，这在安全性上是巨大的优势。
 
@kraspeed
What was really glanced over in this video is the A220, which Boeing served to Airbus pretty much for free by trying to bully Bombardier, effectively providing a long term replacement or a platform to develop the next generation, but even today is giving an edge to Airbus in the market and its popularity keeps growing
 
这个视频忽略了一点，那就是A220。波音当年试图打压庞巴迪，结果把这款飞机几乎免费送给了空客。现在A220成了长期替代机型，甚至是下一代机型的基础平台，至今仍让空客在市场上更具优势，而且越来越受欢迎。
 
@99tromp
Airbus does not only have FALs in Toulouse, France, A320 FAL is in Hamburg, Germany. And that´s only the final assembly lines, they have parts plants all over Europe. An Airbus plane must be one of the most European products ever made. And that´s only planes.
 
空客的总装线不仅在法国图卢兹有，A320的生产线也设在德国汉堡。这还只是最终组装环节，他们在欧洲各地还有零部件工厂。空客的飞机可能是欧洲制造协作最紧密的产品之一。而这还只是飞机领域。
 
@MrCoatkuanteen
The Airbus Single Aisle headquarter in Hamburg is missing. It has four A320neo series FALs.
A220 FAL in Mirabel is also there in Airbus network.
 
你漏掉了汉堡的空客单通道总部，那儿有四条A320neo系列的总装线。
而A220的总装线则在加拿大米拉贝尔，也属于空客全球网络的一部分。
 
@Ibram_Gaunt83
Guillaume Faury CEO of Airbus, Engineer background. Dave Calhoun or James McNerney, formers Boeing CEO, accounting and Business Administration backgroud. Two opposite cultures.
And let's not forget that for Boeing, the defense division kept the company afloat. For Airbus, the commercial division accounts for more than half of its revenue.
 
空客的CEO纪尧姆·福里出身工程师；而波音前几任CEO戴夫·卡尔霍恩和詹姆斯·麦克纳尼则是财会和工商管理背景。两家公司，两个完全不同的文化。
别忘了，波音如今靠的是军工部门才能维持运营，而空客一半以上的营收却来自民用航空业务。
 
@herrklugscheiser2330
A key advantage of airbus is that their biggest shareholders don't care about the stockprise. For them its far more important that the company is healty and has good jobs for their employees.
 
空客最大的优势之一是：他们的大股东根本不关心股价，他们更在意的是公司的健康运作和能否提供良好的就业。
 
@watchingytkgn
You can't talk about Airbus introducing a twin-engine plane when most others were tri- or quad-engine without mentioning the US' ridiculous ETOPS rules at the time for twin-engine planes. Of course twin engine jets were more efficient than those with three or four engines, but they weren't allowed to fly more than 60 minutes from a diversion airport, severely limiting their usefulness to stateside airlines (eg. no transatlantic flights). Hence, slow uptake in the American market. (the ETOPS rules were then later changed)
 
讲空客率先推出双引擎远程客机，不能不提当年美国那套荒谬的ETOPS规定——它限制双引擎飞机最多只能飞离备降机场60分钟，极大地限制了双发客机在美国市场的实用性（比如无法进行跨大西洋航线）。当然双发更高效，但在那时的美国市场无法大规模使用，后来ETOPS规则才有所修正。
 
@koelazer737
Last month, I flew on the brand new China Airlines Airbus A321neo. It was one of the best economy seats I’ve experienced, even better than their wide body airplanes. The legroom was spacious, the 13.3-inch 4K screen was excellent, and there was free Wi-Fi. The cabin atmosphere felt great as well.
When I compare it to the Boeing 737 Max 8, which I flew with Singapore Airlines and Turkish Airlines, the Airbus A321neo is clearly superior in terms of passenger comfort. From now on, I prefer flying with Airbus. I no longer believe that 'if it’s not Boeing, I’m not going.'
 
上个月，我搭乘了中华航空最新的空客A321neo。这是我坐过的经济舱中最舒适的一次，甚至比他们的宽体机还好。腿部空间很大，13.3英寸的4K屏幕清晰明亮，还有免费的Wi-Fi，整个舱内的氛围也很棒。
和我以前在新航或土耳其航空坐的波音737 Max 8一对比，A321neo在乘坐体验上明显更胜一筹。从现在起，我会优先选择空客的飞机，再也不会相信“非波音不坐”这句老话了。
 
@johnkochen7264
All Airbus did was build planes that did not fall apart at awkward moments. Doors that do not drop out in mid-flight and landing gears that do not collapse and planes that do not disappear from radars while flying over an ocean.
 
空客所做的就是造出不会在尴尬时刻解体的飞机：舱门不会在飞行中脱落，起落架不会崩塌，飞机也不会在飞越海洋时突然从雷达上消失。
 
@janlandau2348
Well if Airbus works hand in hand with the European tourism industry they have a strong position. It's a perfect match. Cheap high speed trains, the next big city 3hours away etc. Europe now makes a profit of its historic past as they have by far the most unescos and overall tourism in general
 
空客若能与欧洲的旅游产业联手，将拥有天然的优势，它们简直是天作之合。欧洲有便宜又快捷的高铁，三小时内可达另一个大城市，旅游基础极强。如今欧洲正是靠这段历史积累盈利——全世界最多的联合国教科文组织遗产、最密集的旅游资源。
 
@robharris8844U
With Boeing one door opens - another falls off. They seem to overstretched themselves with too many fingers in too many things and their quality whether imaginary or real is seen as suffering. Airbus has just stayed in what it's good at, quality and service across the World.
 
波音这家公司，如今是一扇门打开，另一扇门就掉下来。他们的摊子铺得太大，什么都插手，导致质量无论是实实在在还是想象中都在崩坏。而空客则始终坚守本业：在全球范围内提供稳定的品质与服务。
 
@magellanmax
Corporate greed is what's doing Boeing in. The decisions made to maximize profit at the expense of safety is the key driver, then individual difficulties faced by suppliers in the chain.
 
波音衰败的根源是企业贪婪。他们为了利润牺牲安全，一系列决策都以此为核心，再加上供应链上游厂商的困境，导致了现在的局面。
 
@ianmckenzie9719
Canada tried to enter the jet market and when Bombardier created a state of the art plane Boeing went to Mama and had the US govt screw Canada and Bombardier. Its not hard to beat Boeing...
 
加拿大曾试图进入喷气式客机市场，庞巴迪造出了一款划时代的飞机后，波音就跑去“告状”，让美国政府打压加拿大和庞巴迪。说实话，现在要击败波音已经不难了。
 
@krijo210
Boeing have certainly taken diversity to heart and are producing a diverse set of airplanes. Some fly, and some don't. Some have doors, and some don't. Some have wheels, and some don't.
 
波音确实非常重视“多样性”，现在他们造出了一系列“多样化”的飞机：有的能飞，有的飞不了；有的有舱门，有的没有；有的有轮子，有的没有轮子。
 
@Cl0ckcl0ck
Backlog isn't much of a comparison when one of them delivers twice the number of planes in 2024. By the looks of the graph is also nearly twice the number of planes delivered since 2018. The service contracts on those planes is worth a lot too. Compare revenue, not backlog.
 
单纯看订单积压并不能说明什么，毕竟2024年其中一家交付的飞机数量是另一家的两倍。从图表上看，自2018年以来的交付量也几乎翻倍，而那些飞机的后续服务合同也极具价值。所以比较的应该是营收而不是订单。
 
@moebiusmoebius9041
When Airbus got a significant share of the market, Boeing has the wrong reaction. Instead of saying "OK, we will make better planes", they said "OK, we will make more profitable company". But planes are not bolts and nuts. You cannot cut costs as you want. Thus, years later, Boeing planes crash, and Airbus take the market. At the time, the Boeing CEO was a businessman while the Airbus one was an engineer. This explains a lot.
 
当空客逐步占据市场份额时，波音的反应完全错了。他们没有说“我们要造更好的飞机”，而是说“我们要做更赚钱的公司”。但飞机不是螺丝钉，不是想降成本就能降的。多年后，波音飞机事故频发，空客趁势崛起。当时波音的CEO是个生意人，而空客的CEO是个工程师，这其实已经说明了一切。