欧洲为何难以跟上步伐?

 
The European unx's economy is struggling to keep pace with the US and China. Decades of low productivity, reliance on traditional industry and a failure to invest have lost it trillions of euros in growth, leading to this moment of reckoning. With France facing political upheaval and Germany’s economy in a downturn, the continent is at risk of losing its seat at the table, and maybe its ability to protect itself in a world where security is no longer guaranteed.
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欧盟的经济正在努力追赶美国和中国。几十年来，低生产率、对传统产业的过度依赖以及投资不足，导致其损失了数万亿欧元的经济增长并最终迎来了这一清算时刻。随着法国陷入政治动荡，德国经济出现下滑，这片大陆有失去国际话语权的风险，甚至可能在安全不再有保障的世界中丧失自我保护的能力。
 
 
 
@margauxlowery4324
The EU is killing everything with overregulation. I own two small businesses, and it’s not easy. Taxation is high, and everything is slow and painful. Bigger companies still have some power to compete, but smaller ones are deeply struggling. The saddest part of all this isn’t just the taxes, bureaucracy, or lack of digitalization—it’s the people who willingly accept this nonsense every day. No one sees the problem. It’s mind-blowing.
 
欧盟的过度监管简直在扼杀一切。我自己开了两家小公司，日子真是艰难得不行。税收高得离谱，办事流程又慢又折磨人。大公司还能有点实力去拼一拼，但小企业真是寸步难行。最让人难过的不只是高税收、繁琐的官僚作风或者数字化水平低下，而是那些每天心甘情愿接受这些荒唐现状的普通人。竟然没有人觉得这有问题，真是让人瞠目结舌。
 
@master8127
Wages are completely obliterated by inflation and the work force is shrinking due to aging population. The result shouldnt be surprising
 
工资完全被通货膨胀吞噬得一干二净，劳动力还因为人口老龄化在不断减少。这样的结果一点也不让人意外。
 
@alexshi9320
Cultural difference. Europe has long benefited from it's early industrialization, when you look around nobody is working or wanting to start businesses. Compare that to America or China.
 
这是因为文化差异。欧洲长期以来靠着早期工业化的红利吃老本，但现在你看看周围，几乎没人愿意努力工作或者创业开公司。相比之下，美国和中国完全是另一番干劲十足的样子。
 
@sirkeg1
Comparing market capitalization of companies with the GDP of a country doesn't really make sense...
 
把公司的市场总值和一个国家的国内生产总值相比，实在是没什么道理……
 
@Karlswebb
economy does not equal living standards. It's very silly, the us economy is growing but are living standards increasing? NOPE.
 
经济增长不等于生活水平提高。说起来真挺傻的，美国经济在突飞猛进，但普通人的生活水平提升了吗？压根儿没有！
 
@filipes.5354
Try to fabricate a car, an elevator or even a pressure vessel in the EU, and you'll have to hire Norm experts, pay certifications and inspections for every little process, while facing high salaries for many arrogant and lazy people, high taxes, and high energy costs. That is Europe's metalurgic industry at the moment.
 
在欧盟试试造一辆车、一个电梯，甚至一个压力容器，你得雇一堆标准专家，每个小环节都要花钱搞认证和检查，还要面对一大群傲慢又懒散的高薪员工、高得离谱的税收和能源成本。这就是欧洲眼下冶金工业的真实写照。
 
@martybuck
I was the business development manager for a successful US company. We were looking at expanding into Europe. We could not make it work because Europe was inferior in every aspect, meaning everything cost more, was less efficient, and could not support the pricing required to succeed. We made a no-go decision
 
我之前在美国一家挺成功的公司做业务拓展经理。我们考虑过扩展到欧洲市场，但实在搞不下去，因为欧洲在方方面面都落了下风：成本高得吓人，效率低得离谱，根本支撑不了成功所需的定价，所以我们最后决定放弃。
 
@aswath134
5:33 why’s bloomberg of all publications conflating market capitalisations with GDP? for all their impressive market cap figures, their profits would be a better proxy for GDP (assuming all of profits emanate from value addition which’s pushing the envelope) and assuming an average PE of 25, the 8 trillion figure shrinks to 320 billion. Or on the other hand, if you’re to compare market caps, 61 trillion for the US equities compared to 56 trillion for the euronext
 
5:33 为什么偏偏是彭博社把股市总市值和国内生产总值混为一谈？那些惊人的股市总市值数字看着唬人，但企业的利润才是更贴近GDP的指标（假设所有利润都来自增值，这已经是最乐观的假设了）。如果按平均市盈率25计算，8万亿的数字会直接缩水到3200亿。反过来说，如果非要比较股市总市值，将是美国股市61万亿vs欧洲证券交易所56万亿。
 
@ExiHyp
You know, denial ain't just a river in Egypt. Europe has been cut off from affordable energy resources. THAT is the main reason. You NEED energy to produce things and if you have to buy expensive energy, you can't compete. It is as simple as that.
 
你知道的，这叫嘴硬得能犁地。欧洲被切断了廉价能源的来源，这就是最主要的原因。生产东西需要能源，如果只能买高价能源，那你根本没法跟别人竞争。道理就这么简单。
 
@Selbstversorger-Kanal
We have a lot of problems here in Germany that people will face. Many people are still not aware of this. Ultimately, there has to be something the country can sell in order to then be able to buy things again. The middle class, the automobile and steel industries and the chemical industry were the guarantee for the German economy. All of these guarantors are currently having major problems. The only thing left is agriculture, but that too is being systematically destroyed by ever-increasing regulations. Added to the whole dilemma are increasing expenses due to many pensioners who will soon be retiring. If Germany falls, it will have a dramatic impact on all of Europe. I can only recommend that everyone make personal preparations, network regionally and grow as much as possible themselves. The more people do this the better. Also to be able to help others who cannot. Let's hope for the best.
 
德国现在面临一大堆问题，很多人还没有意识到这些麻烦。归根结底，一个国家得有能卖的东西，才能有钱买别的东西。中产阶级、汽车工业、钢铁工业和化工产业一直是德国经济的支柱，但现在这些支柱都陷入了大麻烦。唯一剩下的农业也在不断增加的监管下被系统性地破坏。雪上加霜的是大量即将退休的养老金领取者让支出成本越来越高。如果德国经济垮了，整个欧洲都会受到剧烈的冲击。我只能建议大家做好个人准备，在本地建立联系网络，尽可能自给自足。越多的人这样做越好，这样还能帮助那些做不到的人。让我们祈祷最好的结果吧。
 
@marpuch
I love how the document completly ignores the existance of east Europe countries. Relying on France and Germany only is part of the problem, not a solution.
 
我真是服了，这个视频完全无视了东欧国家的存在。只依赖法国和德国本身就是问题的一部分，压根不是解决方案。
 
@seiwarriors
China speaks in one state overall and in one languages, likewise America. Eu multiple languages, multiple states and multiple red tape. What do you expect even if we have the brightest minds all of our minds just fly away eventually.
 
中国是一个国家，讲一种语言，美国也是这样。欧盟呢？多种语言、多个国家、一堆繁琐的官僚程序。就算我们有最聪明的人才，你能指望什么？最后这些人才还不是都跑了。
 
@udirt
really bad for information, i.e. talking about the US focussing on solar early, which in germany had been doubling down on in 2000, and then later just dropped the ball due to a more conservative government.
the problem wasn't regulations or anything like that but insufficient execution and dedication, bad coordination (hybrid solar, geothermal all lack in execution)
if you don't name that, you point at the wrong issues.
 
信息真是不靠谱，比如说美国早早就专注太阳能，德国在2000年的时候也加倍投入过，后来却因为政府变得更保守而半途而废。
问题根本不是监管什么的，而是执行力和投入不足，协调工作一团糟（混合太阳能、地热能都缺乏执行力）。
如果你不点出这些问题，你就是在指责错误的方向。
 
@regolith1350
Europe would be more united today if Brussels didn't insist on acting like an Imperial Capital and foisting incredibly unpopular polices on member states, and the economy would be in better shape if they hadn't opened their borders to millions of unproductive migrants (which the media inaccurately refers to as "refugees" or "asylum seekers") who have become a drain on limited resources, not to mention inflaming tensions with the native-born populations. On every level, Europe's current situation is a self-inflicted wound. Time will tell whether it's a fatal wound.
 
如果布鲁塞尔不总是摆出一副帝国首都的架子，强推那些极不受欢迎的政策，欧洲今天可能会更团结；如果他们没有开放边境，让数百万毫无生产力的移民涌入（媒体还错误地把这些人叫作“难民”或“寻求庇护者”），经济状况也不会这么糟。这些移民耗尽了有限的资源，还激化了与本地居民的矛盾。欧洲现在的处境从各个层面看都是自找的伤口，时间会告诉我们这伤口是不是致命的。
 
@dlewis8405
The sad thing is that Europe produces so many smart, well educated people. But a lot of them end up in the US because there are better opportunities to be found there.
 
可悲的是欧洲培养了那么多聪明、受过良好教育的人才，但他们中的很多人最后都跑去了美国，因为那边有更好的发展机会。
 
@stephenbender7593
Europe's carbon tax is a suicidal policy especially when half the world doesn't impose this on their citizens. Also, the VAT tax seems to make innovation difficult since production is taxed at every step. I am an American but I'm curious to see how Europeans view this.
 
欧洲的碳税简直是自掘坟墓的政策，尤其是当世界上有一半的国家根本没对公民征收这种税时。另外，增值税似乎也让创新变得困难，因为生产的每一步都要纳税。我是美国人，但我很好奇欧洲人怎么看这个问题。
 
@chodagreat7876
It's very simple. If the EU and Russia become partners, Europe will become extremely prosperous. Russian Energy and Gas made Germany the Economic powerhouse it once was before the sanctions on Russia.
 
很简单。如果欧盟和俄罗斯成为合作伙伴，欧洲会变得极其繁荣。俄罗斯的能源和天然气曾经让德国成为经济强国，直到开始对俄制裁。
 
@danielpye7738
Rooms full of the brightest bureaucrats telling people you are not productive enough while at the same time hitting them with constant regulation.
Europe is dying due to a socialist mindset that has become a pervasive force in my opinion.
Anywhere this happens just kills innovation and a will to do better and a more heavy reliance on government. It’s even happened here in NZ.
 
一屋子最聪明的官僚一边责骂人们生产力不够，一边不停地用各种规定压得人喘不过气。
在我看来，欧洲正在被一种普遍的社会主义思维拖垮。
这种思维无论在哪里出现，都会扼杀创新、打消进取心，让人们越来越依赖政府。这情况甚至在我们新西兰也发生了。
 
@hornnpeter
What amazes me is how little we talk about the fact that Europe is not one country, while we try to compare it to China and the USA. While the EU-s burocracy can be problematic, national level burocracy is the main problem. Differing national regulation and laws makes it much more burdensome both for ventures and start-ups to scale up quick & protectionism makes inefficient businesses die much slower. Hopping from state to state in the USA or province to province in China is much quicker as business owners dont have to understand completly different financial and regulatory markets. No wonder why a sucessfull European start-up decides to relocate to the US. It gets access to a 330 million market with high liquidity and it only has to understand one additional regulatory frxwork. Unfortunately, the current populist wave will only introduce more fragmentation as populist regimes will always be for themselves and not for the whole EU.
The second issue is geography. Both China, the USA has large reserves of natural resources and energy sources which makes them more independent. The US also having the added advantage of a relatively low population density which, makes extraction less noticable for the public.
If the EU wants to stay competitive it has to 1) further integrate financial markets (much less national regulation, a bit more EU wide if neccessary), 2) diversify its energy dependence, while focusing on high-tech renewable development, 3) increase its common deffence development focusing on hybrid attacks (such as cyber attacks on infrastructure, social media infulence by other regimes) 4) and it has to attract educated talent from all over the world - as policy seems to be ineffective stopping falling birth rates. Having said that it is also important for the EU to not lose its core values, such as a social security system which provides its citizens a happy and healthy life.
 
让我震惊的是我们很少讨论欧洲不是一个统一国家的事实，却总拿它跟中国和美国比。虽然欧盟的官僚作风确实有问题，但国家层面的官僚作风才是主要的障碍。各国不同的法规和法律让初创企业和风险投资的快速扩张变得异常困难，保护主义还让效率低下的企业死得更慢。在美国从一个州跳到另一个州，或者在中国从一个省跳到另一个省，速度快得多，因为企业主不用去搞懂完全不同的金融和监管市场。难怪成功的欧洲初创企业都选择搬去美国，因为那里有3.3亿人口的高流动性市场，而且只需要适应一套额外的监管框架即可。不幸的是，当前的民粹主义浪潮只会带来更多分裂，因为民粹主义政权总是只顾自己，不为整个欧盟着想。
第二个问题是地理因素。中国和美国都有丰富的自然资源和能源储备，这让它们更独立。美国还有人口密度较低的优势，资源开采对公众的影响不那么明显。
如果欧盟想保持竞争力，必须：1）进一步整合金融市场（减少国家层面的监管，必要时增加一些欧盟层面的统一规定），2）多元化能源依赖，同时专注高科技可再生能源的研发，3）加强共同防御体系建设，重点应对混合攻击（比如对基础设施的网络攻击、其他政权通过社交媒体的影响），4）吸引全球的受教育人才——因为政策似乎无法有效阻止出生率下降。尽管如此，欧盟也不能丢掉其核心价值观，比如为公民提供幸福健康生活的社会保障体系。
 
@mikelyras9034
When you combined the market cap of the 5 most valuable US companies and then compared this sum with GDP figures, you totally lost me. You compared apples with oranges. That is not to say that Europe is actually in big trouble. That is to say that even Bloomberg offers mediocre, at best, content. If I am allowed to offer a thought to my fellow people that will see this comment: Invest heavily to acquire knowledge and information.
 
当你把美国五大最值钱公司的市值加起来，然后拿去跟GDP数据比，彻底把我搞懵了。这完全是拿苹果跟橘子比。我不是说欧洲没有陷入大麻烦，而是说连彭博社提供的内容都顶多算平庸。如果可以，我想对看到这条评论的朋友们说一句：多花心思去获取知识和信息。
 
@hariyer87
It gives me immense joy to see nations who thought they were winning by fair competition when in fact they were just beneficiaries of post imperialism inertia.
Now that Europe has to start working, people are blaming everything but themselves
 
看到那些以为自己靠公平竞争获胜而其实只是后帝国主义惯性的受益者的国家现在却要开始真正干活，我真是觉得特别开心。
现在欧洲得努力了，人们却什么都怪，就是不怪自己。
 
@andrew9019
There is no incentive for everyday people to work hard and create new businesses and seek economic success. Culturally, Europe frowns upon those who work hard and find success. Change the tax laws to change the incentives and you’ll find your missing trillions.
 
普通人根本没有动力去努力工作、创业或者追求经济上的成功。从文化上讲，欧洲对那些拼命工作并取得成功的人嗤之以鼻。改改税法，调整激励机制，你就能找回那消失的几万亿。
 
@jordantan291
I have lived in Europe for the last 16 years even though originally I intended to stay only for two years. I don’t want to go back to Aus because of the extremely low productivity of European. Basically I have been here on extended vacation for the last 16 years and now I am even entitled to about 32K euro per year pension. It is crazy.
 
我在欧洲生活了16年，原本只打算待两年。我不想回澳大利亚，因为欧洲的生产率低得离谱。基本上过去16年我就像在度一个超长的假期，现在我还能领每年大约3.2万欧元的养老金。真是太夸张了。
 
@AleksBachi
Something is missing here: Europe has few or no sources of energy and materials. We no longer have colonies from which to import them cheaply. Do you want to see an increase? Then let electricity cost 0.01 €/kWh as the final consumer price, let gas cost 0.01 €/kWh, let petrol and diesel cost 0.10 €/l. Get rid of these CO2 taxes that are killing us faster than global warming. Unify tax and income laws across the continent (retaining some regional autonomy) and apply tax cuts for start-ups (like 10y @ 1%). Reform the EU, turn it into a Presidential unx: abolish all the bodies it has and have just an EU Parliament directly elected by the citizens and an EU Senate derived from the local governments of the states, and on top of that an EU President directly elected by the citizens. It is painfully shameful that we do not have a unx leader who can speak for all of us, weakening or nullifying our global voice.
 
这里漏了点东西：欧洲几乎没有能源和原材料来源，我们已经没有殖民地可以廉价进口这些资源了。想看到增长？那就让电价降到每千瓦时0.01欧元作为最终消费价格，天然气也降到每千瓦时0.01欧元，汽油和柴油降到每升0.1欧元。取消那些比全球变暖还快杀死我们的碳税。统一整个大陆的税收和收入法律（保留一些地区自治），给初创企业大幅减税（比如10年税率1%）。改革欧盟，把它变成一个总统制联盟：废除现有的所有机构，只保留一个由公民直接选举的欧盟议会和一个由各州地方政府推选的欧盟参议院，再加上一个由公民直接选举的欧盟总统。我们没有一个能代表全体的联盟领袖，这削弱甚至抵消了我们的全球话语权，真是让人痛心又羞耻。
 
@pascalladal8125
"If you'd take the value of the 5 biggest companies, it would be the 3rd GDP". How does that event make sense lol. GDP is how much is produced in a year (roughly) while market cap is the traded value of the business. Such a twisted comparison to try to make your point.
 
“如果你把五大公司的市值加起来，能够在GDP排行中排名全球第三”。这个说法有什么道理啊，哈哈。GDP大致是一个国家一年生产的总值，而股票总市值是企业的交易价值，你做出这么扭曲的比较就是为了强行证明你的观点。
 
@mmbw123
Europeans work 8 hour shifts, 1 hour of that is on lunch, they finish work and they don't think about overtime since they live with their parents even in their 30s. They treat work like elementary school, a few hours a day and weekenda off.
 
欧洲人一天工作8小时，其中1小时在吃午饭，干完活就不考虑加班，因为他们就算30多岁了还跟父母住一起。他们对待工作就像小学生，每天干几小时，周末就休息。
 
@arvip2055
Why is everyone so obsessed with growth. Numbers alone don't change people's everyday lifes. We could argue that Europe has the best quality of life in the world (or at least better than the US and China).
 
为什么大家都这么迷恋增长？光是数字改变不了普通人的日常生活。我们完全可以说欧洲的生活质量是全世界最好的（至少比美国和中国好）。
 
@rovsen1993
The solution is actually simple. Stop pouring billions of euros into Ukraine. Start buying cheap Russian oil. Sell cars, machinery and so on to Russia, China, Iran and other countries without limiting yourself. And invest the resulting profit in the economy of the European unx.
 
解决方案其实很简单：别再往乌克兰砸几十亿欧元了。开始买便宜的俄罗斯石油。把汽车、机械之类的东西卖给俄罗斯、中国、伊朗和其他国家，别给自己设限。然后把赚来的利润投入欧盟经济。
 
@Jeeez23
Socialist and leftist politics' high fiscal deficits and high regulations led Europe into this mess. In many parts of Europe, technology adaptation in Banking and healthcare felt like it stopped growing after 90s!
 
社会主义和左派政治的高财政赤字和高监管把欧洲拖进了这个烂摊子，欧洲很多地方的银行和医疗技术发展感觉在上世纪90年代后就停滞了！
 
@leuvenfra
What few want to admit is that the current level of EU integration is unsustainable. Rather than delegating most power to the EU, national governments retain veto rights and create a cluster of 27 different legislations. And EU legislation is just added on top for extra complexity
 
鲜有人愿承认的是，当前欧盟的一体化程度已难以为继。成员国政府并未将多数权力让渡给欧盟，反而保留否决权，导致27套不同法规相互掣肘。而欧盟立法更是在此基础上层层加码，徒增混乱。
 
@ramela
Regulation is a red herring. No doubt there is over regulation in a lot of places but the real place reason for EU falling behind the US is the politics of austerity that were instituted after the 2008 banking crisis that the US did not do. Also, the lack of effective taxation on the profits of multinational corporations operating in Europe and profiting from European consumers and producers is another huge drain on Europe showing a lack of regulation. Or rather, the problem is not over regulation, but rather the regulations being targeted in a way that benefits USA over Europe.
 
监管是个假问题。确实很多地方存在过度监管，但欧盟落后于美国的真正原因是2008年金融危机后实施的紧缩政策，美国可没这么干。另外，对在欧洲运营、从欧洲消费者和生产者获利的跨国公司的利润缺乏有效税收，是欧洲的另一大资源流失，恰恰说明监管不足。或者说，问题不是监管过多，而是监管的方向偏了，净让美国占了便宜。
 
@nilswedin8480
You must compare this with the size of debt. US and China has serious debt driven economy. And EU has a goal to lift the poorest countrys. They have had success in Spain,Greece, Ireland,Poland etc. Much is left to do but I think Europe is coming.
 
你得把这个跟债务规模比一比。美国和中国的经济严重依赖债务，而欧盟的目标是拉一把最穷的国家，他们在西班牙、希腊、爱尔兰、波兰等地已经取得了一些成功。虽然还有很多事要做，但我认为欧洲正在迎头赶上。
 
@ize1000009
The problem with Europe is that it’s made of many small countries with 100s of different kind of laws, so it’s much difficult to grow for native EU companies through different countries do the EU.
 
欧洲的问题在于它由许多小国家组成，拥有数百种不同的法律，所以本土欧盟公司在不同国家的扩张变得特别困难。
 
@MichaelChengSanJose
I don’t see how this is news. Anyone who’s been to Europe in the past two decades can immediately see the vast gap in productivity against the US and China. Europe is more like Japan, aging and still striving for quality. The US still thinks like a developing country while China is by far out-working every other major nation. Only some smaller Southeast Asia countries can outwork China.
There is no substitute for insane hard work in the global competitive landscape. The EU is as far behind the US as the US is behind China in worker hours.
 
我真不觉得这是什么新闻，过去二十年去过欧洲的人都能立刻看出它在生产率上跟美国和中国的巨大差距。欧洲更像日本，人口已经老龄化却还在追求高质量。美国还像个发展中国家那样思考，而中国在工作强度上远远甩开其他主要的国家，只有一些东南亚小国能比中国更拼。
在全球竞争格局中，疯狂的努力工作是无可替代的。欧盟在工作时长上落后美国，就像美国落后中国一样多。
 
@PhilipZeplinDK
This kinda skips over the EU countries that are doing very well right now. Denmark, for instance, generally has none of these major issues. Same goes for several other EU countries. They only very briefly mention that this is primarily a problem, because a very small amount of countries are doing badly, but that those countries are so big that they make up a large portion of the EU economy.
 
这种说法基本忽略了当前表现优异的欧盟国家。以丹麦为例，它基本不存在上述严重问题，其他几个欧盟成员国亦是如此。原文只是轻描淡写地提到，问题主要源于少数国家表现不佳——但这些国家体量庞大，足以左右整个欧盟经济的走向。