为什么大多数中国人是实用主义者？
Why are most Chinese people pragmatists?
译文简介
网友：我认为这实际上更简单，因为你不像西方那样有选举和游说，你要么走一条路，要么走另一条路，而不像很多西方国家那样往往是半途而废。还记得当时中国的污染问题到处都是新闻吗？今年你突然听说印度的污染更严重了，没有人再谈论中国了......
正文翻译
Yu-Hsing Chen
What does the much-touted 'Chinese pragmatism' consist in?
I think it’s actually much more simplistic in that because you don’t have elections and lobbies in the way the west have, you either go one way or another and not like a lot of the west where it’s really hedging half way more often than not.
Remember when China’s pollution were all over the news and this year now suddenly your hearing India is now way worse and no one’s talking about China anymore?
被大肆吹捧的“中国实用主义”是什么？
我认为这实际上更简单，因为你不像西方那样有选举和游说，你要么走一条路，要么走另一条路，而不像很多西方国家那样往往是半途而废。
还记得当时中国的污染问题到处都是新闻吗？今年你突然听说印度的污染更严重了，没有人再谈论中国了。
What does the much-touted 'Chinese pragmatism' consist in?
I think it’s actually much more simplistic in that because you don’t have elections and lobbies in the way the west have, you either go one way or another and not like a lot of the west where it’s really hedging half way more often than not.
Remember when China’s pollution were all over the news and this year now suddenly your hearing India is now way worse and no one’s talking about China anymore?
被大肆吹捧的“中国实用主义”是什么？
我认为这实际上更简单，因为你不像西方那样有选举和游说，你要么走一条路，要么走另一条路，而不像很多西方国家那样往往是半途而废。
还记得当时中国的污染问题到处都是新闻吗？今年你突然听说印度的污染更严重了，没有人再谈论中国了。
It’s because Beijing has gone out it’s way to close down a ton of factories and mines and forced people to go off coal, in almost any less authoritarian state there was no way in hell this happens basically in a year and not you know… several decades. If India goes out it’s way to shut down major coal mines in a region that depend almost entirely on coal economically, it’s going to end up in a civil war on the street, and politicians from this region (and others who see a chance to score points. ) will do all they can to block or delay it, and even though the rest of the country would like less pollution they’d always be lulled into thinking “there must be another way, let’s slow down and think of some other ways “ instead of doing the most obvious things .
这是因为北京关闭了大量的工厂和矿山，迫使人们不再使用煤炭，在几乎任何一个不那么专制的国家，这基本上不可能在一年内发生，而不是几十年。如果印度在一个经济上几乎完全依赖煤炭的地区关闭主要煤矿，它将以街头内战和该地区的政治家（以及其他看到机会得分的人）的内战告终。他们会尽其所能阻止或拖延污染，尽管全国其他地方希望减少污染，但他们总是会被哄骗，认为“一定有别的办法，让我们放慢速度，想想其他办法”，而不是做最明显的事情。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
这是因为北京关闭了大量的工厂和矿山，迫使人们不再使用煤炭，在几乎任何一个不那么专制的国家，这基本上不可能在一年内发生，而不是几十年。如果印度在一个经济上几乎完全依赖煤炭的地区关闭主要煤矿，它将以街头内战和该地区的政治家（以及其他看到机会得分的人）的内战告终。他们会尽其所能阻止或拖延污染，尽管全国其他地方希望减少污染，但他们总是会被哄骗，认为“一定有别的办法，让我们放慢速度，想想其他办法”，而不是做最明显的事情。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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Assuming the question holds merit, then A few observations-1 recently we had an idealistic leader and the society got very badly burnt that's for one and for a long time China had not had aristocratic class they were buried . The role of the common people is to support the decisions made by the emperor.
假设这个问题有道理，那么有几点观察——1、最近我们有一个理想主义的领导者，社会受到了很大的伤害，这是其中之一；长期以来，中国没有贵族阶级，它们被埋葬了。普通人的角色是支持皇帝做出的决策。
the whole country has been in a rural environment for thousands of years and resources are basically what they need really badly. How can you expect them to be idealist? just to starve themslves for feeding others?
整个国家几千年来一直处于农村环境，资源基本上是他们非常需要的东西。你怎么能指望他们是理想主义者呢？只是为了喂别人而饿死自己？
In the old days, at the war times, most people could bearly fill their stomach. As a result, every resource available would be used wisely to achieve its greatest effect. People only care about physical needs.
Nowadays, when the living standard has increased and the necessity of living are most possessed by families, people pay more attention to mental fulfillment, which what they are looking for are less pragmatic: people may buy purses that are expansive just because it's brand is Prada, or people would buy phones made by diamonds just to call somebody. People these days are less pragmatic.
在过去的战争时期，大多数人连肚子都填不饱。因此，所有可用的资源都会被明智地使用，以达到最大的效果。人们只关心基本的生存需求。如今，随着生活水平的提高，家庭大多拥有生活的必要条件，人们更关注精神上的满足，他们所追求的东西不那么实用：人们可能仅仅因为品牌是普拉达就购买昂贵的包包，或者人们可能会购买由钻石制成的手机，仅仅是为了打个电话。现在的人们不那么实用主义了。
Nowadays, there is a huge gap between the people who are rich and the people who are poor. In my opinion, most rich people earn their money because they can take advantage of government power rather than they are talented and make contribution to the society. There is not much opportunities for people from lower class. They have to fight and struggle for living, which makes them pragmatist.
现在，富人和穷人之间的差距巨大。在我看来，大多数富人赚到钱是因为他们能利用政府权力，而不是因为他们有才能并为社会做出了贡献。低层次的人几乎没有机会，他们必须为生存而奋斗，这使得他们变得实用主义。
I suppose the answer is quite simple, heavy pressure under people. In addition, sometimes pragmatic becomes popular or natural among young generation is because older generation are keep discussing about pragmatic. It reminds us young people all day along to take pragmatic seriously. Actually, I think we need to ignore pragmatic as a serious problem, just let everyone pursue what he or she wants.
我想答案其实很简单，人民承受了巨大的压力。此外，有时候务实在年轻一代中变得流行或自然而然，是因为老一辈的人总是不断讨论务实问题。他们每天提醒我们年轻人要严肃看待务实问题。实际上，我认为我们应该忽略务实问题，大家应该追求自己想要的生活。
You have enough data to support your point that MOST of Chinese are pragmatists? If not, then maybe there is no question here. And if you want to know why some of Chinese are pragmatic, then I would say it has the same cause as any other country's people become pragmatic: for some people, being practical is a way to cope with real life.
你有足够的数据来支持你的观点吗？即大多数中国人是务实主义者？如果没有，那或许问题就不存在了。如果你想知道为什么有些中国人是务实的，我会说这和任何其他国家的人民变得务实的原因一样：对一些人来说，务实是一种应对现实生活的方式。
I think it’s actually much more simplistic in that because you don’t have elections and lobbies in the way the west have, you either go one way or another and not like a lot of the west where it’s really hedging half way more often than not.
Remember when China’s pollution were all over the news and this year now suddenly your hearing India is now way worse and no one’s talking about China anymore?
我觉得这其实更简单一些，因为你们没有像西方那样的选举和游说，你们要么选择一个方向，要么选择另一个方向，而不像西方很多时候都是在中间摇摆。记得当中国的污染问题一直是新闻焦点时，而今年突然你们听说印度的污染现在更严重了，大家却不再谈论中国了吗？
那是因为北京采取了强硬措施，关闭了大量的工厂和矿山，强迫人们放弃煤炭。如果是在其他更少威权的国家，这种事根本不可能在一年内发生，而是需要几十年。如果印度决定强行关闭一个完全依赖煤炭的地区的主要煤矿，最终可能会导致街头的内战，而且来自这个地区（以及其他一些看到机会的地区）的政治家将竭尽全力阻止或推迟此事。即便全国其他地方的人们希望减少污染，他们总会被哄骗以为“应该还有其他办法，我们慢慢来，想想其他办法”，而不是采取最明显的措施。
Dose it not means the principle that the best choice is the one can bring the directly reward or more economical and more durable , instead of ‘mianzi’(the pronunciation of Chinese character‘面子’—if it will be a doctrine , usually means vanity）？
这是否意味着最佳选择是能够带来直接奖励、更经济和更耐用的原则，而不是“mianzi”（中文“面子”一词的发音，如果它是一种学说，通常意味着虚荣）？
You know what? The American is actually more concern about face. They call it “fighting spirit”. Americans like and encourage those fighting spirit. Donald Trump? Joe Biden? Did they do something wrong? They are just two of the numerous example. They would lose too much face by simply said, yah that was wrong.
你知道吗？美国人其实更关注面子。他们称之为“斗志”。美国人喜欢并鼓励这种斗志。唐纳德·特朗普？乔·拜登？他们做错了什么吗？他们只是无数例子中的两个。如果他们只是说“是的，那是错的”，他们会失去太多面子。
Is it fair to say that Americans are in general more ideological and less pragmatic than Chinese?
No, Americans are all pragmatical, when they do things they do it for a practical use, not ideological use, when something they’ve done last month doesn’t have any practical use anymore, they’d just throw it away and make a new one that serve the purpose, in comparison, Chinese and even more so Japanese would do things solely for ideological purposes despite being completely impractical and even uncomfortable. One example that comes to mind would be the Japanese even to this day refuse to build their traditional style houses with heating system or well made doors, during the winter it’s cold as hell, no heating, and the doors barely close, it’s like living in a straw house, all because they don’t want to ruin the traditional architecture, they don’t care about practical use, their care about maintaining the traditional practice, Americans don’t give a crap about tradition, they do things out of practicality.
可以公平地说，美国人总体上比中国人更理想主义、更不务实吗？
不，实际上美国人都是非常务实的，当他们做事时，目的是为了实际用途，而不是意识形态上的用途。当他们上个月做的事情再也没有实际用途时，他们会直接抛弃它，做一个新的来服务目的。相比之下，中国人，甚至更进一步的是日本人，会单纯为了意识形态去做事，尽管这完全不切实际，甚至不舒服。一个例子是，日本人即使在今天仍然拒绝建造带有供暖系统或做好门的传统风格房屋，在冬天冷得像冰窖一样，没暖气，门也勉强关上，生活就像住在草房里，全因他们不想破坏传统建筑，他们不关心实际用途，只关心保持传统做法。美国人不在乎传统，他们做事完全是出于实际性。
There's a famous saying: No matter it is a white cat or a black cat, the one that can catch the mouse is the real good cat.
It was quoted by Dengxiaoping when explaining his idea of launching the open-up policies. And he was proven to be correct in the subsequent years.
It seems that pragmatism is much part of Chinese wisdom which can date back to thousands of years ago when rulers managed to run their country or normal people to keep the pot boiling. This helped the nation survive from every disaster in the history so they can sustain until today.
有句名言：不管是白猫还是黑猫，能抓到老鼠的才是真正的好猫。
在随后的几年里，他被证明是正确的。
实用主义似乎是中国智慧的一部分，这可以追溯到几千年前，当时统治者设法管理他们的国家或普通人保持锅的沸腾。这帮助这个国家从历史上的每一次灾难中幸存下来，所以他们可以坚持到今天。
The perception that many Chinese people are pragmatists can be attributed to several cultural, historical, and social factors:
很多中国人被认为是务实主义者，这种看法可以归因于多个文化、历史和社会因素：
儒家思想的影响：儒家思想深刻影响了中国文化，强调诸如勤奋、尊重等级制度以及人际关系的重要性等实践美德。这种哲学鼓励一种务实的生活方式，注重现实世界的结果和社会和谐。
历史背景：中国悠久的朝代统治史、外敌入侵和革命变革的历史促使人们形成了一种关注生存和适应的思维模式。需要在复杂的社会和政治环境中生存，这培养了务实的解决问题的方法。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
经济改革：自1970年代末以来，在邓小平的领导下，中国的经济改革将务实的结果置于意识形态的纯粹性之上。这一转向市场导向的经济体制加强了务实的态度，因为人们更多关注经济稳定和个人成功。
集体主义与个人主义：中国文化传统上强调集体主义，重视群体的福祉超过个人的欲望。这种观点往往导致务实的决策，考虑到对家庭和社区的广泛影响。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Globalization: As China interacts more with the global economy, pragmatism has become essential for navigating international business practices and relationships. This exposure has further encouraged a focus on practical outcomes.
教育与创新：当前中国对STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）教育的重视鼓励了一种务实和以结果为导向的思维方式。这种关注创新和实际应用的教育培养了务实的文化。
全球化：随着中国与全球经济的互动增多，务实主义变得尤为重要，以便应对国际商业实践和关系。这种接触进一步鼓励了对实际结果的关注。
这些因素共同促成了许多人认为中国人是务实主义者的观念。然而，值得注意的是，个人的态度可以有很大差异，并非所有中国人都会认同自己是务实主义者。
Pragmatism emphasizes a number of things. It emphasizes experience. Pragmatists is, on the whole, anti-abstractionist. For a pragmatist, we need to explain what differences the concept or theory we're speaking of makes in our actual or at least expected experience. Is it a difference that makes a difference?
实用主义强调了几个方面。它强调经验。总体来说，实用主义者反对抽象。对于实用主义者来说，我们需要解释我们所讨论的概念或理论对我们实际或至少是预期经验的影响。这种差异是否带来真正的变化？
它强调可错性。实用主义拒绝追求确定性，将确定性限定为一种纯粹的心理状态（我认为是痛苦）。我们可能拥有的任何信念都完全可以在新的经验面前进行修正。
它强调真正的怀疑。实用主义反对怀疑主义。对于实用主义者来说，怀疑需要和信仰一样充分的理由。它接受我们总是从一些不可怀疑的信念出发，随后才会对其产生怀疑。并不是说这些信念不能变得可疑，而是我们总有一些信念是我们不会怀疑的。也就是说，我们不可能一次性对所有信念都产生真正的怀疑。
它强调连续性。总体来说，实用主义对二分法和对立持怀疑态度。经典的二分法，如心灵-身体、艺术作品-观众、分析-综合、个人-情境等等，更可能被视为一个光谱，或者完全被拒绝。