QA：当人们似乎对工厂工作不再感兴趣时，为什么美国认为自己可以成为世界工厂？

Carla Mortensen
Some great statistics on this. According to what I saw, 80 percent of Americans want to see manufacturing come back to the US. But only 20 percent of Americans actually want to work in said factories.
If you haven’t seen them, China trolled this beautifully in a video that shows men with MAGA hats sewing bras, among other similar images.
But realistically, even if factories came back, it would take years to build them and then to get the raw materials flowing and the product out to market. Even then, it appears robots would be doing much of the actual work. Humans would be making sure the robots were working as designed.
Nostalgia is very dangerous. MAGA can mean…whatever you want it to mean, regardless of whether or not it is realistic or even possible to achieve.
 
这里有一些很棒的数据。据我所见，80%的美国人希望制造业回流美国。但只有 20%的美国人实际上愿意在这些工厂工作。如果还没看过的话，中国在一段视频中巧妙地嘲讽了这一现象，视频中出现了戴着“让美国再次伟大”帽子的人在缝制胸罩等类似场景。但现实情况是，即便工厂真的回流，也需要数年时间来建设，然后还要让原材料供应畅通，产品才能推向市场。即便如此，似乎大部分实际工作仍会由机器人完成，而人类则负责确保机器人按设计运行。怀旧情绪非常危险。“让美国再次伟大”可以意味着任何你想让它意味着的东西，无论这是否现实，甚至是否有可能实现。
 
Matthew Caine
In other words …
 
换句话说………
 
James
New plant and equipment coming online in the US is highly automated. There will be opportunity but they will not be your parents’ factory job. That’s good. I grew up in a working class industrial neighborhood. To a man every father wished their child would not see the inside of their plant. These new jobs will pay well but will require the training and discipline that is lacking currently in that sector.
 
美国新投入使用的工厂和设备高度自动化。会有机会，但不会是您父母那一代的工厂工作。这很好，我成长在一个工人阶级的工业区。每个父亲都希望自己的孩子不要进工厂工作。这些新工作薪酬不错，但需要培训和纪律，而这正是目前该行业所缺乏的。
 
Garrett Taylor
China is automating their factories faster then the US.
 
中国工厂的自动化速度比美国快。
 
John Zane
Funny how the communists embraced science fiction and made it fact, from flying cars to robot maids. If we weren’t so pig headed about them, we’d realize we’re just like them. They don’t want to work in dirty factories anymore than we do. It’s much better tending to a machine doing the real dirty work, than to do it by hand. That’s the progress we should be talking about, not going back to the turn of the century, and I mean from the 1800’s.
 
真有意思，共产主义者们拥抱科幻小说，并将其变为现实，从飞行汽车到机器人女仆。如果我们不那么顽固地反对他们，就会意识到我们其实和他们没什么两样。他们不想再在肮脏的工厂里工作，我们也一样。用一台机器来干那些真正脏活累活，要比亲自动手好得多。这才是我们应该谈论的进步，而不是回到 19 世纪初，我说的是 1800 年代。
 
Edward J Cooke
China is a capitalist society, not a communist one. Calling China “communist” is like saying that North Korea is a democratic republic because its name is the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.
 
他们是一个资本主义社会，而非共产主义社会。称中国为“共产主义”就好比说朝鲜是民主共和国，只因它的国名是朝鲜民主主义人民共和国。
 
Tedd Rassizi
It's all pure bullshit from a president that never worked a day in his life.
 
这全是胡说八道，说这话的总统一辈子都没干过一天活。
 
George Gibbs
Yes, but let's look back to the seventies, if we can.
24% of the country was in manufacturing and I'd guess 10% were in Vietnam.
But how was manufacturing when compared to today?
My mother would complain about how poorly seams were sewn so she would resew them.
A friend's father would buy a new car and take it apart to see how sloppy it was made.
Cars built in Japan were built better to tighter details.
I was told, perhaps as gallows humor, not to buy a car built on a Friday because of TGIF or on Monday due to hangovers. (How would a consumer know the day it was on the assembly line?)
Boeing made fantastic, safe airplanes. The doors didn't come off in-flight. The 747 was the state-of-the-art. The SST was fast. Boeing was an engineering company. (Today it's a financial institution.)
Why should we return to something we weren't good at doing?
 
好的，不过让我们回顾一下 70 年代的情况，如果可以的话。当时全国有 24%的人口从事制造业，我猜有 10%的人在越南。但当时的制造业与现在相比如何呢？我母亲会抱怨衣服的缝线缝得不好，所以她会重新缝一遍。一个朋友的父亲会买一辆新车，然后把它拆开看看做工有多粗糙。日本制造的汽车做工更精细，细节更严谨。有人告诉我，也许这是黑色幽默，不要买周五生产的车，因为工人想着“感谢上帝，周五到了”，也不要买周一生产的车，因为工人还在宿醉中。（消费者怎么知道车是在哪一天生产的呢？）波音制造的飞机很棒，很安全。飞行途中门不会掉下来。747 是最先进的。超音速客机飞得很快。波音是一家工程公司（如今它却成了金融机构。）我们为什么要回到过去那种不擅长的状态呢？
 
Garrett Taylor
1.35% of the 200 million population served in Vietnam and approximately 9.8 % was in the manufacturing sector. And if you look at the industrial base the low skill jobs were the first to be offshored. Toaster maker, ie Sunbeam, fled for low cost,while GE jet engine plant stayed in the states. Automation and a more educated workforce helped the US hang on to high value goods
 
越南 2 亿人口中有 35% 从事服务业，约 9.8% 从事制造业。如果观察其工业基础，低技能工作率先被外包。比如烤面包机制造商 Sunbeam 为降低成本而撤离，而通用电气的喷气发动机工厂则留在了美国，自动化以及受教育程度更高的劳动力帮助美国保住了高附加值商品的生产。
 
Greg Hanson
Factories in the Midwest pay very poorly. About $12 hr. And they are always on a skeleton crew. And they demand mandatory OT often. And, they often short the paychecks. With no resolution from HR. This is a terrible environment for the workers. Nobody gains from this.
 
中西部的工厂工资极低，大约每小时 12 美元。而且他们总是只安排最少的员工。还经常强制加班。而且，工资单经常少发钱，人力资源部门也不解决。这对工人来说是个糟糕的工作环境。没有人能从中获益。
 
Bill Smith
Plus, the factory won’t be in your town, so the assembly line job will require you to relocate, move your kids to a new school, buy a new house, etc.
 
此外，工厂不会建在你们镇上，所以装配线的工作会让你不得不搬家，把孩子转到新学校，买新房子等等。
 
Wrestlerstudmuffin .
That is why you need a unx
 
这就是为什么你需要加入工会。
 
Mark Archacki
My grandfather told his sons whatever you do get a college degree so you don't ever have to work in steel mill like me. So my dad got an Electrical Engineering degree and I in Chemical Engineering never worked in a factory except to troubleshoot process engineering issues.
 
我祖父曾对他的儿子们说，无论做什么，都要拿到大学学位，这样你们就永远不必像我一样在钢铁厂工作。所以我的父亲获得了电气工程学位，而我学的是化学工程，除了处理工艺工程方面的问题外，从未在工厂工作过。
 
Dominic
Yes, MAGA those high Texas meat packing jobs are waiting for you with those Florida crop picking jobs,hurry up Tom and deport all of those workers
 
没错，让美国再次伟大，那些高薪的得克萨斯州肉类加工工作正等着你，还有佛罗里达州的农作物采摘工作，快点，汤姆，把那些工人都遣送走。
 
Scott Wallace
You need highly educated humans to build, program and manage those robots.
 
要制造、编程和管理那些机器人，就需要受过高等教育的人才。
 
John Spruilje
Once those robots are built and programmed most of those highly educated humans become expendable.
 
一旦那些机器人被制造出来并编程完毕，大多数那些受过高等教育的人就会变得可有可无。
 
John Zane
I know this might sound flippant, but have you ever ordered a milk shake at McDonald’s? Yeah, those machines are infamous for breaking down. The more moving parts, the higher the wear and tear, and computer boards are notoriously fragile.
 
我知道这听起来可能有点轻率，但你有没有在麦当劳点过奶昔？没错，那些机器出了名地容易出故障。活动部件越多，磨损就越厉害，而电脑板更是出了名的脆弱。
 
John Spruilje
Surprisingly, it only seems to be McDonald's “shake” machines. All of the machines come from the same supplier and have a horrible reputation for failure. There is a photo on the web of a Dairy Queen opposite a McDonalds proudly advertising “OUR SOFT SERVE MACHINE IS WORKING” Ouch!
 
令人惊讶的是，似乎只有麦当劳的“奶昔”机如此。所有这些机器都来自同一家供应商，而且故障频出，名声极差。网上有一张照片，是一家奶品皇后店紧挨着一家麦当劳，这家奶品皇后店还自豪地打出了“我们的软冰淇淋机正常运转”的广告。哎呀！
 
John Zane
They are called engineers, and China can fill 3 football fields with theirs, while we fill a hotel ballroom. It used to be an engineer would be guaranteed 6 figures, no more.
 
他们被称为工程师，中国能用他们的数量填满 3 个足球场，而我们只能填满一个酒店宴会厅。过去工程师的收入能保证六位数，现在不行了。
 
Tony
Does anyone remember when, if we were faced with some obstacle we would just roll up our sleeves and apply American ingenuity to solve the problem. Now, the moron in charge, backs away from any heavy listing. Instead of rolling up our sleeves, we back out of every obligation because it isn’t fair.
 
还有人记得吗，过去要是遇到什么难题，我们就会挽起袖子，发挥美国人的聪明才智去解决。可如今，那个蠢货当家，一碰到棘手的事就退缩。我们不再挽起袖子加油干，而是因为觉得不公平就逃避一切责任。
 
John Zane
Rich people like Trump don’t roll up their sleeves, they look for scapegoats and let the plebes fight over spilled milk. Cleaning up messes is beneath them. Once rich people took control of the electorate through Citizen’s United and gerrymandering, our leaders stopped being for the people, and just for themselves and people like them. F*ck the huddled masses, let them run for president!
 
像特朗普这样的有钱人不会亲力亲为，他们只会找替罪羊，让平民百姓为打翻的牛奶争吵不休。收拾烂摊子是他们不屑于做的。自从有钱人通过“联合公民”案和选区划分操纵了选民，我们的领导人就不再为人民服务，只为他们自己和像他们那样的人服务。去他的穷苦大众，让他们去竞选总统吧！
 
John Raymond
Someone on quora wrote, and I'm sorry I don't remember who, previous Republican politicians have worked hard to distroy unx protections so these new manufacturing jobs that would actually be created would be moderately paid yet dangerous to both the worker and the local environment.
 
有人在 Quora 上写道，很抱歉我不记得是谁了，之前的共和党政客一直努力破坏工会保护，这样新创造的制造业工作虽然薪酬还算不错，但对工人和当地环境来说都很危险。
 
Mark Bamman
Maga means 1950’s great…or, is it 1850? White men ruling all—women, people of color, etc. Many southerners view Mayberry as something to strive for/return to which did not exist even then.
 
“让美国再次伟大”意味着 1950 年代的美好……或者，是 1850 年？白人统治着所有女性、有色人种等等。许多南方人把梅伯里视为一种追求/回归的目标，可即便在当时，那样的景象也根本不存在。
 
Carla Mortensen
Exactly. Well said.
 
确实如此。说得好。
 
John Zane
There are currently almost 500,000 factory jobs going unfilled in the USA, most require the education and skills not offered by Americans looking for that kind of work. Menial labor is being done by robot automation, welcome to science fiction turned fact. A high school diploma will get you minimum wages, trade school will get you more. Or join the Army. If you are naturally clever, you might try a one man business. Uber, Lyfte, and every delivery service will do until robots take that over, too. China hires engineers to run their automated factories, America doesn’t produce enough to compete. I know, my buddy is an engineer for Amazon in Northern California, he is one of 50 American engineers, out of a department of 10,000 engineers, the other 9,950 are on H-1B visas. Mostly Chinese and Indian.
If you think only meat packing plants and farms depend on immigrant labor, you are woefully misinformed. Tim Cook is right, without Chinese engineers, America cannot compete in technology. Trump will chase them all out of the country. Are you paying attention, Bezos and Zuckerberg?
 
目前美国有将近 50 万个工厂岗位空缺，大多数岗位需要的教育背景和技能是那些求职者所不具备的。体力劳动正被机器人自动化取代，欢迎来到科幻变现实的时代。高中文凭只能让你拿到最低工资，上职业学校能挣多一些。或者参军，如果你天生聪明，可以尝试自己创业。优步、来福车和各类送货服务都能做，直到机器人也把它们抢走。中国雇佣工程师来管理他们的自动化工厂，而美国培养的工程师数量不够，无法与之竞争。我知道，我的朋友是亚马逊在北加州的一名工程师，在一个有 1 万名工程师的部门里，他是 50 名美国工程师之一，其余 9950 名都是持 H-1B 签证的，主要是中国人和印度人。 如果你认为只有肉类加工厂和农场依赖移民劳动力，那你就大错特错了。蒂姆·库克说得对，没有中国工程师，美国在科技领域就无法竞争。特朗普要把他们全都赶出美国。贝索斯和扎克伯格，你们注意到了吗？
 
CD
First of all- you are not American. You probably have zero friends or family that would be applying for those jobs.
I Do!
Next- nobody expects to go back to post WW2 assembly lines. Nobody.
The factory jobs will provide opportunities and training for people that otherwise would delivery drivers or service workers of some sorts. 20% of Americas population is about 70 million people.
 
首先，你不是美国人。你可能一个申请这些工作的朋友或亲戚都没有。 我有！其次，没人指望能回到二战后的那种装配线工作。没人，工厂的工作会为那些原本只能当送货司机或某种服务人员的人提供机会和培训，美国人口的 20% 大约是 7000 万人。
 
Carla Mortensen
I am American. I don’t argue that manufacturing would be a good thing. I just don’t think it will deliver what some people expect.
 
我是美国人，我并不否认制造业会是一件好事。我只是觉得它不会达到一些人所期望的程度。
 
Antonio Bennett
We still need delivery drivers and the service sector plus most aren’t itching to take the pay cut.
 
我们仍然需要送货司机和服务业人员，而且大多数人都不愿意接受降薪。
 
Shuba
Seriously? Her credentials for this answer read “Former Foreign Service Officer at the U.S. Department of State”. You can’t be a FSO without being an American.
The training that will be needed to work in those highly automated factories will be way beyond what people with GEDs and high school dropouts or people with low quality education can aspire to. With the way things are at the Department of Education, future generations are in no danger of getting a great education.
 
真的吗？她给出这个答案的资历写着“美国国务院前外交官”。没有美国国籍不可能成为外交官。要在那些高度自动化的工厂工作所需的培训，远远超出了那些只有普通教育发展证、高中辍学者或受教育质量低的人所能企及的水平。以教育部目前的状况来看，未来几代人接受优质教育的希望渺茫。
 
Malc Barker
America was possibly a great place to be in the 50s and 60s , probably as the rest of the world on the whole was rebuilding after World War 2 . The problem is as it was great it stood still and the rest of the world rebuilt every thing from actual buildings and its way of life and improving the way of life they had then and before the war . Mean while America sat back thinking this is great and infrastructure . roads , buildings built well and modern at the time started to show there age due lack of maintenance as the rest of the world built new and repaired very well the old . BUT still Americans and particularly many governments since the world war have said America is the greatest country in the world and still do so . now Trump wants to MAGA ,,ermm which Americans were told it was any way , to make it great again it can not be that great !!
 
美国在 50 年代和 60 年代或许是个好地方，当时整个世界可能都在二战后重建。问题在于，美国在处于巅峰时停滞不前，而世界其他地区则重建了所有东西，包括实际的建筑和生活方式，并不断改善战时和战前的生活水平。与此同时，美国却坐享其成，认为一切都很好，基础设施、道路、建筑在当时虽然建造得很好也很现代化，但由于缺乏维护，开始显露出老旧的迹象，而世界其他地区则新建了许多设施，并很好地修复了旧的设施。但即便如此，美国人，尤其是二战以来的许多政府，一直宣称美国是世界上最伟大的国家，现在特朗普还想让美国“再次伟大”，呃，美国人一直被告知美国本来就是最伟大的，那它怎么可能需要再次伟大呢？
 
Raymond BYFIELD
America did not stand still. If you come here, you see infrastructure projects all around. I think this is a misconception. Yes, we built out our roads and airports before everyone and there was a time that there was no need to keep rebuilding, but there has always been maintenance. Of course, a newly industrialized country that is just building will have the latest, but the US doesn’t have to do that because things were already built, and the investment has to pay off. Should the US get rid of perfectly good infrastructure just to have the latest? If that is the case, it would be constant building. For what purpose?
It is the same in Europe. They started building after World War 2 and now that infrastructure is showing its age. Poorer members of the EU like Spain have better trains, for example, than other parts of the EU, and that is simply because Spain was poorer and are just starting to build its infrastructure in earnest. You will see newer highways in Eastern Europe than in say Germany. But that only shows that these places are new to the game.
China is building now and that is because they didn’t have much before. In time, that infrastructure will start to show its age and other countries will have newer stuff. It is just that countries are on different cycles.
But one thing to note: the US share of global GDP is still about the same as it was 30 years ago before the rise of China. It is really Europe and Japan that have seen their share contract. California’s economy alone is the 4th biggest in the world; it is almost as big as the biggest economy in Europe, Germany’s. California has half the people of Germany.
 
美国并非停滞不前。如果你来这里，会发现到处都是基础设施建设项目。我认为这是一种误解。没错，我们在道路和机场建设方面领先于其他国家，曾经有一段时间无需持续重建，但一直都有维护工作。当然，一个刚刚开始工业化的国家在建设时会采用最新的技术，但美国不必这样做，因为很多东西已经建好了，投资必须要有回报。难道美国要为了追求最新而废弃完好的基础设施吗？如果真是那样，那就会不停地建设，可这又有何意义呢？欧洲也是如此。他们在二战后才开始建设，如今这些基础设施也已显露出老旧的迹象。比如，欧盟中较贫穷的成员国西班牙，其铁路系统就比其他一些欧盟国家要好，这仅仅是因为西班牙过去比较贫穷，现在才真正开始大力修建基础设施。你会在东欧看到比德国更新的高速公路，但这只是因为这些地方参与建设的时间较晚。中国现在正在建设，是因为过去基础薄弱。随着时间的推移，那些基础设施会逐渐显现出老旧的迹象，其他国家则会有更新的东西。只是各国的发展周期不同而已。但有一点值得注意：美国在全球国内生产总中的占比与 30 年前中国崛起之前大致相同。实际上，欧洲和日本的占比才有所缩减。单是加利福尼亚州的经济规模就位居全球第四，几乎与欧洲最大的经济体德国相当。而加利福尼亚州的人口只有德国的一半。
 
Jake Holman
Is your solution simply to build more McDonalds or create more graduates with degrees in Urban Planning? I built a plant in China. From concept to site planning to first article was 24 mos. You don’t need to build a city to hire 200 man factory. And many states, like Georgia, are extremely well organized to do it quickly.
 
您的解决办法仅仅是多建几家麦当劳或者培养更多城市规划专业的毕业生吗？我在中国建了一家工厂。从概念到选址规划再到首件产品完成，总共花了 24 个月。您不需要建一座城市来雇佣 200 人的工厂。而且像佐治亚州这样的许多州，组织得非常好，能够迅速完成这些工作。
 
Jim Lieber
Where are these numbers coming from? Every factory I have ever seen open has had people line up looking for work. The ones with skeleton crews either chose the sweat shop mentality or treat their people so poorly there is high turnover. And yes many factories pay low wages when you start, but so do warehouses, banks, insurance companies, retail etc. most jobs in America are low paying today while corporations profits have skyrocketed. No, this is not how capitalism should work, this is just mindless greed. A well run capitalist society should be paying their workers well so they can easily buy more. A well run economy should be able to feed, cloth and house the people without going to outside sources constantly. If companies stopped wasting money on stock buy backs, lobbyists, political candidates plus paid the executives a more realistic pay, they would be able to afford to pay workers more. How do I know, well that is how we did it from 1945 to around 1970. We had cheap well made items made here, affordable healthcare, good paying jobs, and better schools. So capitalism can work and be more fair. Greed is a human issue, not a capitalist one.
 
这些数字从何而来？我所见过的每一家开业的工厂，都有人排队等着找工作。那些人员配备不足的工厂要么秉持血汗工厂的经营理念，要么就是对待员工太差，导致员工流动率很高。没错，很多工厂刚入职时工资都很低，但仓库、银行、保险公司、零售业等也一样。如今美国大多数工作都工资很低，而企业利润却大幅飙升。不，这不是资本主义应有的运作方式，这只是盲目贪婪的表现。一个运转良好的资本主义社会应当给工人支付高薪，这样他们就能轻松购买更多商品。一个运转良好的经济体应当能够自给自足，无需频繁从外部获取资源。如果企业不再把钱浪费在股票回购、游说、政治候选人身上，同时给高管支付更合理的薪酬，他们就能支付给工人更高的工资。我怎么知道？因为从 1945 年到大约 1970 年，我们就是这样做的。我们有物美价廉的商品，负担得起的医疗保健，高薪工作和更好的学校。所以资本主义是可以行得通且更公平的。贪婪是人的本性问题，而非资本主义的问题。
 
Venugopal Venkatraman
Upvoted. To add to you point, nobody wants a regular inner that costs $70, it just doesn’t work that way, the math doesn’t add up, since the minimum wage in the US is $15 in many areas, and the minimum wage in Chinese factories is like $1.5. And clothing costs five times as much in the US that it costs outside the US. All this will do is shift manufacturing away from China to India/Bangladesh/Nepal/Sri Lanka. Aka, manufacturing jobs won’t return to the US in any meaningful way.
 
赞同。补充一点，没人愿意花 70 美元买一件普通的内衣，这根本行不通，算不过账，因为美国很多地区的最低工资是 15 美元，而中国工厂的最低工资大概是 1.5 美元。而且美国的服装价格是国外的五倍。这样做只会把制造业从中国转移到印度/孟加拉国/尼泊尔/斯里兰卡。也就是说，制造业岗位不会以任何有意义的方式回流美国。
 
Wayne Evans
First, we’re delusional.
Those who push for a return need to ask anyone they can find how wonderful factory work was? How well they were paid., what happened that caused unxs to form.
Because most of those modern factory proponents have never done any work like this. And certainly don’t want to. It’s not cool. There’s lots of trades jobs open right now they won’t even apply for. And the money would likely be better in those.
In our industrial hay day we were depending on the steady stream of immigrants flooding into the country. They were the ones doing that hot hard, dangerous work , under awful conditions . Under paid, to say the least.
I’m in my seventies. I lived all the way through the fifties. But I was only 12 in 1960. My memories are child memories. Not an adults perspective. We made it through on only my dad’s salary , 5 of us, but it wasn’t because he was paid real well. It was because we didn’t have much and often went without. It wasn’t easy for him. And he worked an office job for an oil company, with a business degree.
We aren’t going to find that many modern Americans willing to do factory work today. And we have to pay them so much they couldn’t possibly compete with foreign manufacturing.
How do you think this works? Factory work isn’t going to increase here. Get over it. Move on. Stop believing lies.
I’d like to see an analysis of auto factories to understand how they are making it work today.
 
首先，我们是自欺欺人。那些主张回归制造业的人应该问问身边的人，工厂工作到底有多好？工资有多高？是什么导致了工会的形成？因为大多数现代制造业的支持者从未从事过这类工作，而且肯定也不想从事，这并不酷。现在有很多技术工种的职位空缺，他们甚至都不愿意申请，而且那些工作的收入可能更高。在我们的工业鼎盛时期，我们依赖源源不断涌入这个国家的移民。正是他们从事着那些高温、繁重、危险的工作，在恶劣的条件下工作，工资微薄，这是毫无疑问的。我七十多岁了，整个五十年代我都经历过，但 1960 年我只有 12 岁，我的记忆只是孩子的记忆，并非成年人的视角。我们一家五口仅靠我父亲的工资勉强度日，但那并不是因为他工资高，而是因为我们没什么钱，经常缺衣少食。对他来说并不容易，而且他是在一家石油公司做办公室工作，还拥有商学学位。如今，我们不可能找到那么多愿意从事工厂工作的现代美国人。而且我们付给他们的工资高得离谱，他们根本无法与外国制造业竞争。你觉得这行得通吗？这里的工厂工作不会增加，接受现实吧。向前看，别再相信谎言了。我希望能对汽车工厂进行一番分析，以了解他们如今是如何运作的。
 
James
It’s true that modern manufacturing facilities in the US bear slight resemblance to the factories of my youth. I never met a factory worker when I was young who wished their child would follow in their footsteps—not one. Now automation has greatly reduced the number of mind-numbing tasks that drove that older generation crazy. Here’s the thing though, production employees now need a far higher set of skills to manage sophisticated factory floors. That skill set simply does not exist in the numbers needed to support such endeavors. Managers struggle to find workers who will show up on time sober and whose basic skills barely meet a GED.
 
的确，如今美国的现代化工厂与我年轻时见到的工厂已大不相同。我年轻时从未遇到过哪个工人希望自己的孩子也从事这一行——一个都没有。如今自动化大大减少了那些曾让上一代人抓狂的单调乏味的工作。但问题是，如今的生产工人需要具备更高水平的技能才能管理复杂的工厂车间。而具备这种技能的人才数量远远无法满足这种需求。管理人员很难找到那些能按时上班、头脑清醒且基本技能仅勉强达到高中毕业水平的工人。
 
Steven
Exactly try right. Their is currently no or little manufacturing labour pool. That as the same in mist western countries
 
确实如此，目前几乎没有制造业劳动力储备，这在大多数西方国家也是如此。
 
Marsia Seydoux
Also there are lots of factory jobs that are going begging like robotic techs. These jobs pay very well and are not repetitive. But they require 2 years of community college and people aren't getting those certificates.
 
此外，还有许多工厂的工作岗位无人问津，比如机器人技术员。这些工作报酬丰厚，而且并非重复性劳动。但它们需要两年的社区大学学历，而人们却没有拿到这些证书。
 
Linda Skrycki
Trump told everyone they didn't need college. My state is lucky. Starting with this years high school graduate all get two years in community college free. That is how you grow a nation.
 
特朗普告诉所有人他们不需要上大学。我们州很幸运，从今年的高中毕业生开始，所有人都能免费上两年社区大学。这才是国家发展的正确之道。
 
Rocky Popa
The two years in a community college will be largely vocational — something that used to be done at the HS level — and not a pathway into a useless BA in art history, pol-sci, sociology, or communications at a four year institution.
Most of these kids will come out with employable skills instead of $100k+ in debt only to be qualified as a barista.
That’s how you grow a nation.
 
在社区大学的两年学习将主要以职业培训为主——这在过去是高中阶段就该完成的任务——而不是成为通往四年制大学那些毫无用处的艺术史、政治学、社会学或传播学学士学位的途径。大多数这些孩子毕业时将掌握就业技能，而不是背负 10 万美元以上的债务，最终只能胜任咖啡师的工作。这才是国家发展的正确之道。
 
Oste
You are probably correct in your assumption due to our current welfare system making it financially better not to work.
I have had a number of my employees that I wanted to promote to supervisory or management positions tell me that they could not afford to have their welfare payments and free benefits reduced due to their higher wage.
They did not take the promotions.
Our school systems have also indoctrinated student into believing manual labor is a throwback to a slave mentality, in which the rich get richer and the poor get poorer while working at menial jobs for low wages.
This is the greatest fallacy ever perpetration on the American public and a throwback to the 1800s “sweat shops”.
Yes, the richer get richer, but at the same time the standard of living for workers increase as well as many becoming part of the wealthier segments of our society.
This is a positive example of one hand washing the other.
Our inadequate educational system wants everyone to believe the schools and their teachers will educate them sufficiently to obtain “clean jobs” for which they are not prepared due to the failure of our public school systems to educate them.
To end my response, pulling oneself up by ones bootstraps, as well earning a living from the sweat of your brow have been long forgotten
 
鉴于我们现行的福利制度，你这种想法可能是对的，因为从经济角度来看，不工作反而更划算。我有不少员工，他们本有机会晋升到主管或管理岗位，却跟我说，由于工资提高会导致福利金和免费福利减少，他们负担不起。所以他们没有接受晋升。我们的学校还灌输给学生这样的观念：体力劳动是奴隶心态的遗留，富人越来越富，穷人越来越穷，只能做些低薪的苦工。这是对美国公众最大的误导，也是对 19 世纪“血汗工厂”的一种倒退。没错，富人的确越来越富，但与此同时，工人的生活水平也在提高，很多人也成为了社会中较富裕的阶层。这是互利共赢的一个积极例子。我们不完善的教育体系却想让每个人都相信，学校和老师能充分教育他们，让他们获得“干净的工作”，但实际上由于公立学校教育的失败，他们根本无法胜任这些工作。要结束我的回答，自力更生、靠辛勤劳动养家糊口这些观念早已被遗忘。