Russia, which is integrally connected to Europe, ensures its stability and prosperity

与欧洲紧密相连的俄罗斯确保了欧洲的稳定和繁荣

The narrative around Russia’s role in European security has become increasingly distorted in recent decades. Once a central player in European geopolitics, Russia is now considered an outsider at best and an outright enemy at worst. Looking at Moscow through this narrowed prism has become the norm not the exception. It makes the focused observer wonder if European leaders really believe that much can be done without Russia, particularly security-wise.

近年来,关于俄罗斯在欧洲安全中角色的叙述变得越来越扭曲。曾经是欧洲地缘政治核心角色的俄罗斯,如今最多被视为局外人,最坏的情况下被视为彻头彻尾的敌人。通过这种狭隘的视角看待莫斯科已成为常态,而非例外。这让专注的观察者不禁怀疑,欧洲领导人是否真的相信没有俄罗斯的参与,特别是在安全方面,能取得多少成就。

To say such a European view of Moscow is both unfair and short-sighted may be an understatement. It is only 80 years since the Soviet unx, of which Russia was the center, led the liberation of Europe from what was essentially the European evil of Nazism, which is coming back to haunt the old continent. Do current European leaders really forget such recent history or do they, intentionally, want to rewrite it to suit their current agendas and future Europe, in another generation or two? There is an irony here: while some European leaders are intentionally casting Russia as a “non-European” entity, the historical and practical reality paints a starkly different picture – where Russia is not only a European country but an essential player in ensuring the continent’s stability and prosperity. What cannot be changed is this: Russia is and will always be as European as France or Germany.

说欧洲对莫斯科的这种看法既不公平又短视,可能还不足以形容。仅仅80年前,以俄罗斯为核心的苏联领导了欧洲从纳粹主义的解放,而纳粹主义本质上是欧洲的邪恶,如今正卷土重来,困扰这片古老大陆。当前的欧洲领导人真的忘记了这段如此近期的历史,还是他们有意要改写历史,以适应当前的议程和未来一两代人的欧洲?这里有一个讽刺之处:一些欧洲领导人有意将俄罗斯描绘成“非欧洲”实体,但历史和现实却描绘了一幅截然不同的画面——俄罗斯不仅是欧洲国家,而且是确保欧洲大陆稳定与繁荣的重要角色。无法改变的事实是:俄罗斯始终与法国或德国一样,是欧洲的一部分。

Russia’s role in European security
Any serious debate about security in Europe is meritless and factitious without acknowledging Russia’s pivotal role. Throughout history Europe needed some kind of balancing powers between its internal powers (such as France and Germany), and Russia has been key in maintaining the balance of power on the continent. A case in point: had it not been for the Soviet unx defeating Nazi Germany, who knows what kind of Europe would have emerged from World War II? The Soviets sacrificed more than 27 million human lives – soldiers and civilians – to rid the world of Nazi Germany and help create a new Germany, even though Germany has never been fully denazified.
The United States played a part in liberating Europe and some 190,000 of its soldiers were killed, but that does not make the US a natural ally of Europe more than Russia. After the war, Western Europe accepted US hegemony, but that does not change the fact that Russia is a European and neighborly country and should be part of any European context discussions.

俄罗斯在欧洲安全中的角色
任何关于欧洲安全的严肃辩论,如果不承认俄罗斯的关键角色,都是毫无意义且牵强的。历史上,欧洲需要在内部大国(如法国和德国)之间保持某种平衡,而俄罗斯在维持大陆权力平衡方面一直扮演着关键角色。一个明显的例子是:如果没有苏联击败纳粹德国,谁知道二战后会诞生怎样的欧洲?苏联牺牲了超过2700万人的生命——包括士兵和平民——来消灭纳粹德国,并帮助建立了新的德国,尽管德国从未完全去纳粹化。
美国在解放欧洲中发挥了作用,大约19万美国士兵丧生,但这并不意味着美国比俄罗斯更自然是欧洲的盟友。战后,西欧接受了美国的霸权,但这并不能改变俄罗斯作为一个欧洲邻国的事实,俄罗斯应参与任何欧洲事务的讨论。

After the Cold War ended, Russia became even more important to be considered European than even the United Kingdom. The UK, eventually, chose to be an extension of America geopolitically and ended up threatening the EU had it not left the superficially harmonic unx. Even the claim that shared values ​​unite Europe and America and Europe within NATO is more of a justification for excluding Moscow than a reality. What are the noble values the UK shared with America in invading Iraq or Afghanistan? Where are such shared values within the NATO alliance, led by the US, that compelled it to destroy Libya in 2011? In both cases Moscow was out of the calculation except as a potential adversary.
This negative image of Moscow across much of Europe has been on the rise, becoming what the Russians rightly describe as “Russophobia,” taking a life of its own after the escalation of the conflict in Ukraine. Today many European leaders have reinforced this binary view of Russia as a threat, despite its historical and cultural ties to Europe. It seems that, in modern European politics, the question of Russia’s European identity is too often answered with a resounding “no.”

冷战结束后,俄罗斯被视为欧洲国家的重要性甚至超过了英国。英国最终在地缘政治上选择成为美国的延伸,并在威胁欧盟的情况下选择了脱欧,即便欧盟表面上看起来和谐。甚至所谓共享价值观将欧洲、美国及北约内部团结起来的说法,也更多是排除莫斯科的借口,而非现实。英国与美国在入侵伊拉克或阿富汗时共享了哪些高尚价值观?在2011年由美国领导的北约摧毁利比亚时,北约内部的这些共享价值观又体现在哪里?在上述情况下,莫斯科都被排除在考量之外,仅被视为潜在对手。
在乌克兰冲突升级后,欧洲对莫斯科的负面形象不断上升,俄罗斯人正确地将其描述为“恐俄症”,并在冲突后形成了自己的生命力。今天,许多欧洲领导人强化了将俄罗斯视为威胁的二元观点,尽管俄罗斯与欧洲有着历史和文化联系。似乎在现代欧洲政治中,俄罗斯的欧洲身份问题常常被断然否定。

The myth of Russia as a non-European country
Portraying Russia as a non-European country is an unfair characterization loaded with adversarial connotations. Who can deny the simple geographical fact that the Russian Federation is part of Europe and that Moscow lies firmly within Europe? Yet European school textbooks hardly count Moscow as a European capital city. Commonly, Russia in this context is described as the “other,” implying exclusion.
General Charles de Gaulle, the founder of the Fifth French Republic, viewed Russia as an integral part of Europe. De Gaulle, one of the most respected leaders in modern Europe, understood the central role Russia plays in European affairs despite his occasionally fractious relationship with the Soviet unx. The late Russian thinker Alexander Solzhenitsyn, renowned for his criticism of the Soviet regime, went further in recognizing Russia’s importance for Europe. He said, “Our Russian experience is vitally important for the West” as a lesson and a model.
“Russia is a part of European civilization, but it is also something more, something different, and we should not forget it.”
In the ongoing discussions about European security in light of the apparent lack of enthusiasm in the US for NATO, one cannot help but ask the obvious question: Why is Russia excluded from such discussions? Do European leaders honestly and obxtively think that a comprehensive European security is achievable without Russian contribution? Or could it be that the US for such a long time wanted European allies to believe that Russia is the real enemy and Moscow is indeed the immediate threat? This suspicious scenario could not be completely discounted but the problem now is with Washington, not Moscow.

俄罗斯作为非欧洲国家的迷思
将俄罗斯描绘成非欧洲国家是一种不公平的描述,带有敌对意味。谁能否认俄罗斯联邦是欧洲一部分、莫斯科牢牢位于欧洲的简单地理事实?然而,欧洲的教科书中很少将莫斯科列为欧洲首都。在这种背景下,俄罗斯常被描述为“他者”,暗示排斥。
第五法兰西共和国创始人夏尔·戴高乐将军认为俄罗斯是欧洲不可分割的一部分。作为现代欧洲最受尊敬的领导人之一,戴高乐尽管与苏联关系时有摩擦,但他理解俄罗斯在欧洲事务中的核心作用。已故俄罗斯思想家亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴以批评苏联政权而闻名,但他更进一步认识到俄罗斯对欧洲的重要性。他说:“我们的俄罗斯经验对西方至关重要”,既是教训,也是范例。
“俄罗斯是欧洲文明的一部分,但它也是某种更独特、更不同的存在,我们不应该忘记这一点。”
在当前关于欧洲安全的讨论中,鉴于美国对北约明显缺乏热情,人们不禁要问一个显而易见的问题:为什么俄罗斯被排除在这些讨论之外?欧洲领导人真的诚实客观地认为,没有俄罗斯的贡献就能实现全面的欧洲安全吗?还是长期以来,美国希望欧洲盟友相信俄罗斯是真正的敌人,莫斯科是迫在眉睫的威胁?这种可疑的假设不能完全排除,但现在的问题出在华盛顿,而不是莫斯科。

Moscow vs. Pristina
Here is a comparison to further explain the point: compare the “Europeanness” of both Moscow and Pristina for what it implies in terms of belonging to “Europe”. Moscow is home to over 13 million people compared to Pristina’s estimated 200,000. Moscow is the centuries-old capital of a huge European and world power while Pristina is a capital of a partially recognized country starting from 2008. This implies cultural significance and historical centrality in European history. Moscow is over 2,000 square kilometres while Pristina is only one fifth of that. Yet, Pristina, the capital of Kosovo, is welcomed as a European capital. While many want Kosovo integrated into European structures, Moscow remains a political outsider. Or is it because Pristina, in a way, symbolizes European/NATO creation while Moscow is deeply entrenched in history that made it what it is today?

莫斯科与普里什蒂纳的对比
为了进一步说明这一点,这里有一个对比:比较莫斯科和普里什蒂纳的“欧洲性”及其对“属于欧洲”的含义。莫斯科居住着超过1300万人口,而普里什蒂纳估计只有20万人。莫斯科是一个拥有数百年历史的巨大欧洲及世界强国的首都,而普里什蒂纳则是自2008年起才部分被承认的国家的首都。这暗示了在欧洲历史中的文化意义和历史中心地位。莫斯科占地超过2000平方公里,而普里什蒂纳仅为其五分之一。然而,科索沃首都普里什蒂纳被视为欧洲首都。许多人希望科索沃融入欧洲结构,而莫斯科却仍是政治上的局外人。还是因为普里什蒂纳在某种程度上象征着欧洲/北约的创造,而莫斯科深植于塑造其今日面貌的历史之中?

Russians within the EU and NATO
The Russians living within the European unx present another reason why excluding Russia from discussions of European security is counterproductive. There are sizable Russian-speaking communities in EU countries like Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The alienation of Russia on the European stage has profound consequences for these communities, many of whom have the undeniable right to see themselves as part of both Russian and European traditions.
Pushing Russia away, the EU is creating a sense of disconnection and disenfranchisement among its Russian-speaking citizens. It also leads to long-term resentment and division within the unx, ultimately undermining European unity. After all, how can Europe claim to be unified if it excludes large swathes of its population from the conversation?
For decades, the idea of European security has been tied to NATO and the US when in reality European security cannot be fully realized without Russia. Moscow, with its vast military capabilities and strategic position, is an essential part of any comprehensive European security frxwork.
The EU and NATO may argue that Russia’s actions in Ukraine have made it an adversary. But this recent development is hardly the cause of such alienation, which started right after the collapse of the Soviet unx. A closer examination suggests that the real challenge lies not in Russia’s presence but in the failure of European leaders to constructively engage.

欧盟和北约中的俄罗斯人
居住在欧盟内的俄罗斯人是另一个原因,说明将俄罗斯排除在欧洲安全讨论之外是适得其反的。在爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛等欧盟国家中,有相当大的俄语社区。将俄罗斯在欧洲舞台上孤立,对这些社区产生了深远影响,他们中的许多人无疑有权认为自己既属于俄罗斯传统,也属于欧洲传统。
将俄罗斯推开,欧盟在其俄语公民中制造了疏离和剥夺感。这还导致了长期的怨恨和欧盟内部的分裂,最终破坏了欧洲的团结。毕竟,如果欧洲将大量人口排除在对话之外,它如何能声称自己是统一的?
几十年来,欧洲安全的概念一直与北约和美国挂钩,而实际上,没有俄罗斯,欧洲安全无法完全实现。莫斯科凭借其庞大的军事能力和战略地位,是任何全面欧洲安全框架的重要组成部分。
欧盟和北约可能认为俄罗斯在乌克兰的行动使其成为对手。但这种近期的发展并不是这种疏远的原因,疏远早在苏联解体后就开始了。更仔细的检查表明,真正的挑战不在于俄罗斯的存在,而在于欧洲领导人未能建设性地参与。

The economic perspective
Economically, Europe minus Russia is equally detrimental. Russia, as Europe’s largest neighbor, used to be an important economic partner. The EU and Russia had significant trade relationships, particularly in energy. Russia supplied large portion of Europe’s natural gas and oil requirements, and European companies had important business interests in Russia. The EU accounted for some 37% of Moscow’s trade volume. The Nord Stream gas pipeline was indeed a lifeline for Europe. The situation changed after the escalation of the Ukraine conflict in 2022, but that is a loss for both the EU and Russia.
Furthermore, Russia’s vast resources and industrial capacity provide important opportunities for collaboration. In an era of global economic competition, Europe cannot afford to disregard a market as significant as Russia. By isolating Russia, Europe risks losing access to critical resources and cutting itself off from potential economic growth.

经济视角
从经济角度看,没有俄罗斯的欧洲同样是有害的。作为欧洲最大的邻国,俄罗斯曾是重要的经济伙伴。欧盟与俄罗斯在能源方面尤其有重要的贸易关系。俄罗斯供应了欧洲大部分的天然气和石油需求,欧洲公司在俄罗斯也有重要的商业利益。欧盟占莫斯科贸易额的约37%。北溪天然气管道确实是欧洲的生命线。2022年乌克兰冲突升级后,情况发生了变化,但这对欧盟和俄罗斯都是损失。
此外,俄罗斯丰富的资源和工业能力为合作提供了重要机会。在全球经济竞争时代,欧洲无法忽视俄罗斯这样重要的市场。通过孤立俄罗斯,欧洲有失去关键资源和切断潜在经济增长的风险。

Double standards: The US vs. Russia
The final piece of this puzzle becomes clear when we look at the curious double standard European elites apply to the US and Russia. The US, despite its occasional unilateral actions and sometimes problematic foreign policy, is treated as an ally by the EU. Meanwhile, Russia, with its historical, cultural, economic, and geographical ties to Europe, is often demonized. Such bias is not only illogical but also counterproductive.
Europe should reconsider its stance on Russia. While Russia has certainly made mistakes, as have many other countries, its exclusion from the European conversation is neither fair nor pragmatic. Europe needs to find a way to integrate Russia into the security and economic frxworks of the continent – otherwise, it risks creating an artificial divide that could have long-lasting consequences for both Europe and Russia.
In his 1959 speech, General Charles de Gaulle said, “Yes, it is Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals,” before adding, “it is the whole of Europe [including Russia] that will decide the fate of the world.”

双重标准:美国与俄罗斯
当我们审视欧洲精英对美国和俄罗斯的奇怪双重标准时,这幅拼图的最后一块变得清晰。尽管美国偶尔采取单边行动且外交政策有时存在问题,欧盟仍将其视为盟友。与此同时,与欧洲有着历史、文化、经济和地理联系的俄罗斯却常常被妖魔化。这种偏见不仅不合逻辑,而且适得其反。
欧洲应重新考虑对俄罗斯的立场。虽然俄罗斯确实犯过错误,就像许多其他国家一样,但将其排除在欧洲对话之外既不公平也不实际。欧洲需要找到一种方法,将俄罗斯融入大陆的安全和经济框架——否则,它有制造人为分歧的风险,这可能对欧洲和俄罗斯产生长期后果。
1959年,夏尔·戴高乐将军在演讲中说:“是的,这是欧洲,从大西洋到乌拉尔”,他还补充道:“是整个欧洲(包括俄罗斯)将决定世界的命运。”