日本的 900 万栋（而且还在增加）废弃房屋
Japan’s 9 Million (And Growing) Abandoned Homes: The 'Akiya' Phenomenon | CNA Correspondent
译文简介
日本有一个不同寻常的住房问题--空置房屋比想搬进去的人还多。事实上，日本的空置房屋多达900万套。随着年轻人到大城市找工作，他们的家庭住房在老房主去世后就变成了废墟。但是，这些空房子（日语称为“あきや”）可能会带来安全隐患，并阻碍摇摇欲坠的农村城镇的再开发计划。媒体对日本“あきや”困境的日益关注导致人们对“あきや”的兴趣与日俱增，吸引了急于利用日元贬值的外国买家。
由于受到人口减少的威胁，越来越多的当地人也在寻求将秋屋改建成宾馆、餐馆和商店以重振他们的社区--政府通常会提供慷慨的补贴。CNA走遍日本农村，探寻日本如何努力寻找解决垣屋问题的办法，恢复城镇昔日的辉煌。这些空置房屋是真的毫无价值，还是一个意想不到的宝库？
正文翻译
日本有一个不同寻常的住房问题--空置房屋比想搬进去的人还多。事实上，日本的空置房屋多达900万套。随着年轻人到大城市找工作，他们的家庭住房在老房主去世后就变成了废墟。但是，这些空房子（日语称为“あきや”）可能会带来安全隐患，并阻碍摇摇欲坠的农村城镇的再开发计划。媒体对日本“あきや”困境的日益关注导致人们对“あきや”的兴趣与日俱增，吸引了急于利用日元贬值的外国买家。
由于受到人口减少的威胁，越来越多的当地人也在寻求将秋屋改建成宾馆、餐馆和商店以重振他们的社区--政府通常会提供慷慨的补贴。CNA走遍日本农村，探寻日本如何努力寻找解决垣屋问题的办法，恢复城镇昔日的辉煌。这些空置房屋是真的毫无价值，还是一个意想不到的宝库？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
由于受到人口减少的威胁，越来越多的当地人也在寻求将秋屋改建成宾馆、餐馆和商店以重振他们的社区--政府通常会提供慷慨的补贴。CNA走遍日本农村，探寻日本如何努力寻找解决垣屋问题的办法，恢复城镇昔日的辉煌。这些空置房屋是真的毫无价值，还是一个意想不到的宝库？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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Japan has an unusual housing problem – more vacant homes than people wanting to move in. In fact, as many as 9 million of them. As young people move to the big cities to find work, their family homes are left to fall into ruin after their elderly owners die. But these empty houses – known as ‘akiya’ in Japanese – can pose safety hazards and impede redevelopment plans in crumbling rural towns. Increased media spotlight on Japan’s akiya woes is leading to growing interest in akiya - drawing foreign buyers eager to take advantage of the falling yen.
Threatened by dwindling populations, more locals are also seeking to rejuvenate their communities by turning akiya into guesthouses, eateries and stores – often with generous government subsidies. CNA travels across rural Japan to find out how the country is trying to find solutions for akiya and restore its towns to their former glory. Are these vacant homes truly devoid of value, or are they an unexpected treasure trove?
日本有一个不同寻常的住房问题--空置房屋比想搬进去的人还多。事实上，日本的空置房屋多达900万套。随着年轻人到大城市找工作，他们的家庭住房在老房主去世后就变成了废墟。但是，这些空房子（日语称为“あきや”）可能会带来安全隐患，并阻碍摇摇欲坠的农村城镇的再开发计划。媒体对日本“あきや”困境的日益关注导致人们对“あきや”的兴趣与日俱增，吸引了急于利用日元贬值的外国买家。
由于受到人口减少的威胁，越来越多的当地人也在寻求将秋屋改建成宾馆、餐馆和商店以重振他们的社区--政府通常会提供慷慨的补贴。CNA走遍日本农村，探寻日本如何努力寻找解决垣屋问题的办法，恢复城镇昔日的辉煌。这些空置房屋是真的毫无价值，还是一个意想不到的宝库？
I have a friend in Japan married to a Japanese lady. He invested in an Akiya. He has been treated well as his work to improve and turn several other homes in the area to rentals that provide vacation homes to visitors to the community.
我在日本有个朋友娶了位日本太太。他投资了一栋空巢房屋(日语称Akiya)。由于他将该区域多套闲置房屋改造成了度假租赁房源，为社区游客提供住宿服务，因此受到了当地居民的欢迎和善待。
@David-p5v1k For a lot of reasons, homes aren't investments in Japan. It's the plot of land that holds the value, not the structure.
@David-p5v1k 出于多方面的原因，在日本，房屋本身并不被视为投资品。真正具有价值的是土地本身，而不是地面上的建筑物。
@a.girouard2988 maybe but you can not rent a derelict plot to a visitor.
Good effort the person turning the abandoned homes into economic activity.
@a.girouard2988 也许你说得对，但一块荒废的土地是无法出租给游客的。
将废弃的房屋改造成能够产生经济效益的资产，这种努力值得赞赏。
@DR-00700 I'll say it again; houses are not considered investments in Japan. It is a widespread and commonly accepted practice to demolish existing homes on plots on land that have been purchased because the Japanese prefer new homes. A new home has no history of exposure to seismic events and this no possibility of structural compromise which leaves them vulnerable to the next seismic event.
In addition, new homes are built according to the latest building codes that address earthquake resilience. That's just a fact of life here, and there's no market in converting vacant or abandoned homes into rental properties in poorly serviced rural areas with declining populations. Otherwise more people would be doing it
@DR-00700 我要再次强调：在日本，房屋确实不被视为投资品。购买土地后拆除现有房屋是普遍且被广泛接受的做法，因为日本人更青睐新建住宅。新建房屋没有经历过地震的历史，也就不存在结构受损的风险，能更好地抵御下一次地震。
此外，新建住宅都按照最新的抗震建筑规范建造，这就是日本的现实情况。在那些基础设施落后、人口持续减少的乡村地区，将空置或废弃房屋改造成出租物业根本没有市场。如果真的有利可图，早就有人大批量这么做了。
@a.girouard2988 You can say that as much as you want, but when the money is rolling in, it's absolutely an investment. You can't argue with your bank account.
@a.girouard2988 你可以一直坚持这个观点，但当资金源源不断流入时，这就是实实在在的投资。银行账户里的数字是最有力的证明。
@ the comment made was that a person was doing it. This would suggest there is demand his case,the question would be is it economic between the purchase price, the renovation cost and the operating cost. If renovated rentals give a return good on them and it brings economic activity back to the village which is jobs which keep young people in the village. You seem to confuse a rental investment with a capital gain investment, I did not suggest or talk to a capital flipping activity. You convolute the point with what was not spoken to.
原评论说的是确实有人正在这么做，这说明市场需求是存在的。问题的关键在于购置成本、翻新费用和运营开支之间是否能够达到经济平衡。如果改造后的租赁物业能够产生良好的收益，并且能为村庄带回经济活动，创造就业机会留住年轻人，那何乐而不为呢？你似乎将租赁投资与资本增值投资混为一谈了，我讨论的从来都不是炒房投机行为。你这是在偷换概念，把我没有提到的内容强加进来。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
So sad. If only people would realise the quality of life in these rural areas is far greater than in overcrowded and polluted cities.
这种情况真是令人遗憾。要是人们能够意识到这些乡村地区的生活质量其实远高于那些过度拥挤、污染严重的城市就好了。
The quality of life is not so good. That's why people have moved out. You can read the details in the message here by me and others who have lived in rural Japan.
生活质量并没有那么好，这正是人们搬离的原因。你可以仔细阅读我和其他曾在日本乡村生活过的人在这里留言分享的具体情况。
Not if they don't have money or family in those areas then it isn't quality of life at all it's lonely and poor
如果在那里既没有经济基础也没有亲人相伴，那就完全谈不上什么生活质量了——只会陷入孤独与贫困的困境。
They don't have polluted cities. Tokyo is cleaner and more silent then most small towns in America
日本的城市根本不存在污染问题。事实上，东京的整洁程度和安静氛围甚至超过了美国绝大多数小城镇。
This is why telework or remote work is crucial to keep people in these areas.
这正是远程办公模式对于维持这些地区的人口至关重要的根本原因。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Korea has a similar issue, although there are only about 1 million abandoned homes as of right now.
Young and middle aged people all move to the capital and have to stay there while paying for outrageous rent.
The government really should try to more proactively tackle the problem of population consolidation and try to move out more businesses to rural areas to attract more people to go back once more.
韩国也面临着类似的困境，尽管目前仅有约100万套废弃房屋。
年轻人和中年人全都涌向了首都圈，不得不忍受着天价房租在那里生活。
政府确实应该采取更积极的措施来解决人口过度集中的问题，通过将更多企业迁往农村地区来吸引人们重新回归。
Yeah my family is from Korea and it's kind of odd they don't have an Akiya system since their population crisis is actually worse than Japan's. My cousin says it's because people in Korea hold onto their houses thinking one day the prices will either go back up or their kids will finally come home.
我的家族来自韩国，令人费解的是韩国没有建立类似Akiya的空屋处理制度，尽管他们的人口危机比日本更为严峻。据我的表兄解释，这是因为韩国人总是抱着两种幻想不愿放手房产：要么期待房价有朝一日回升，要么盼望子女最终返乡。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@bayouboyentertainment2106 for the cases I've heard about it's actually because the families couldn't find a buyer at all so they just abandoned the houses (they usually have unpleasant histories though). All in all I think there are quite a lot of reasons, including the ones you mentioned, the issue is probably even more complex.
But for the lack of akiyas i think the one reason might be that there aren't really that many old/traditional hanoks worth preservation, the culture in korean construction is to build quick houses and they demolish them in a couple of decades or so i heard.
On the other hand houses with even remote historical value are already being utilized as museums or cafes etc to attract domestic tourists even in rural areas! Plus some are used for variety show filming etc.
@bayouboyentertainment2106 根据我了解到的情况，很多家庭是因为根本找不到买家才被迫放弃房产（尽管这些房子往往有不愉快的过往）。总体来看原因非常复杂，包括你提到的那些因素。
至于为何没有形成Akiya制度，我认为一个重要的原因是韩国值得保留的传统韩屋数量有限——韩国建筑文化倾向于快速建造住宅，听说通常几十年就会拆除重建。
不过另一方面，但凡有些许历史价值的房屋，即便在偏远乡村也都被改造成了博物馆、咖啡馆等旅游设施来吸引国内游客！还有些被用作综艺节目的拍摄场地等等。
Since Japan is completely urbanized, property price in Tokyo still high even thought it's not "skyrocketing" like during 1970s-1990's while in rural area, some people even offer their abandoned house for free yet nobody want it.
由于日本已经完全城市化，东京的房地产价格虽然不像1970-90年代那样"飙升"，但依然维持在高位。反观农村地区，有些人甚至愿意免费赠送废弃的房屋都无人问津。
We built our house after demolishing an Akiya in Kobe. The land was dirt cheap, and although difficult to construct on, an absolute gem of a property. Nobody was selling it, though, because the big developers weren't interested. We found it by talking to our neighbors.
我们在神户拆除一栋空巢房屋后自建了住宅。这块土地的价格极其低廉，虽然地基施工存在难度，但确实是块不可多得的宝地。之所以一直无人出售，是因为大型开发商对其毫无兴趣。我们是通过与邻居闲聊才偶然发现这个机会的。
The tax incentive's help, but the rebuild and maintenance costs are far too high for a lot of Japanese people. Also as others point out, demolition cost shouldn't be so excessive.
There are deeper issues at play here and certainly many more stories to report.
税收优惠政策确实有所帮助，但对多数日本人而言，重建和维护的成本仍然高得难以承受。正如其他人指出的，房屋的拆除费用也不应该如此高昂。
这背后反映着更深层次的社会问题，值得挖掘的故事还有很多。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In the Philippines, there are some abandoned houses especially in the provinces where young people are moving to big cities and other countries for many reasons like abandonment of the provincial life, changes of development in less developed towns leaving agricultural life abandoned and abandonment of provincial culture
In Quezon Province, Eastern Quezon has a demographic time bomb because in the 2020 census by the Philippine Statistics Authority that almost 2/3 of towns in Eastern Quezon are depopulated for the first time including General Luna where the population decline to 24,000 from 25,000 in 2015
In Indonesia, there are some abandoned traditional houses especially in Sumatra and Java like Minangkabau houses because some of them are now lived in modern houses and others are moving to big cities like Medan and Jakarta
菲律宾同样存在房屋废弃现象，尤其在各省份表现得尤为明显——年轻人因为厌倦乡村生活、欠发达城镇的发展变革导致农耕生活被抛弃、地方文化遭遗忘等多种原因，纷纷迁往大城市或海外。
以奎松省东部为例，菲律宾统计局2020年的人口普查显示，该地区近三分之二的城镇首次出现人口减少，其中General Luna镇的人口从2015年的25000人下降至24000人，这就像一颗人口定时炸弹。
印度尼西亚的情况也类似，苏门答腊和爪哇岛上的传统民居（如米南加保式房屋）正被大量废弃，部分原因是居民搬入了现代化住宅，还有许多人迁移到了棉兰、雅加达等大城市。
Great video to address this serious problem! We live in a self renovated Akiya on the Noto peninsula. It is a lot work and cost to fix an akiya, however if you love nature, ocean and countryside I can highly recommend it!
这个直面严峻社会问题的视频做得太棒了！我们目前就住在能登半岛一栋自己翻新的空巢房屋里。虽然改造工程耗费了大量的时间和资金，但如果你热爱自然、向往海洋与乡村生活，我强烈推荐这种生活方式！
Not everyone can afford to spend tens of thousands of dollars on renovations, nor may they be physically capable of doing them, nor are people willing to live for years on end in a half-finished home.
并非每个人都有能力承担数万美元的翻修费用，也不见得都具备亲自施工的体力条件，更不用说长期忍受住在半成品房屋里的生活了。
@a.girouard2988 , I don't mind to live in a half finished house, kitchen, bathroom and sleeping room are done. The rest takes time because of material cost and working time, but I'm not in a hurry. If you want luxury an akiya is not for you. You definitely can't compare it to houses in Europe or the US, that's for sure!
@a.girouard2988 我个人完全不介意住在未完全装修好的房子里——只要厨房、浴室和卧室完工就够了。其他部分由于材料成本和工时问题可以慢慢来，反正我也不着急。如果你追求豪华舒适的生活品质，那么空巢房屋肯定不适合你，这种房子的居住条件确实无法与欧美住宅相提并论，这点毋庸置疑！
@uliseki8137 It's not a question of living in luxury, it's a question of living comfortably. Something that is hard to do in a lot of rural Japanese communities, especially ones in areas destroyed by recent earthquakes like yours.
@uliseki8137 这根本不是追求奢侈与否的问题，而是关乎基本的生活舒适度。在日本的很多乡村社区——特别是像你所在的那种近期遭受过地震破坏的地区——想要获得舒适的生活条件确实非常困难。
@a.girouard2988 , true, it's not easy especially when you suffer from a chronic incurable disease like I do. I still try to enjoy what we have and if I can't handle it anymore I have to think of something else.
@a.girouard2988 确实如此，特别是像我这样患有慢性不治之症的人更不容易。但我仍在努力享受现有的一切，如果哪天实在坚持不下去了，再考虑其他选择吧。
Japan is very beautiful but... it gets really sad most of the time. I am Filipino-Japanese and I used to work in Japan for 5 years then I personally decided to go back to Philippines for good due to depression in the last few months. I lived in the less populated or touristy areas of Japan, not in Tokyo or Osaka, and it's difficult to socialize with in those areas.
日本确实非常美丽，但...大多数时候这里的气氛令人感到压抑。作为菲日混血儿，我曾在日本工作五年，最后因为持续数月的抑郁情绪而决定永久返回菲律宾。我居住在日本那些人口稀少、非旅游热点的地区（而非东京或大阪），在这些地方很难进行正常的社交活动。