精酿啤酒、可口可乐先遭殃，美国人将为加征钢铝关税付出高昂代价
Why Aluminum Tariffs May Be Pricey For Americans
译文简介
铝是一种对美国国防、交通和能源系统至关重要的矿物。铝的生产需要大量电力，通常发生在中国、俄罗斯、印度和加拿大。2025年3月，特朗普政府对所有进入美国的铝产品征收了25%的关税。包括铝业公司Alcoa、福特汽车、可口可乐和洛克希德·马丁在内的公司可能面临更高的生产成本。但由于铝的生产需要大量电力，因此其回归可能需要时间
正文翻译
Aluminum is a critical mineral used in American defense, transportation and energy systems. Producing aluminum requires large amounts of electricity, and typically occurs in China, Russia, India and Canada. In March 2025, the Trump administration imposed 25% tariffs on all aluminum entering the United States. Companies including Alcoa, Ford, Coca-Cola and Lockheed Martin could face higher input costs. But aluminum production's return may take time due to high demand for the electricity required to process the metal.
铝是一种对美国国防、交通和能源系统至关重要的矿物。铝的生产需要大量电力，通常发生在中国、俄罗斯、印度和加拿大。2025年3月，特朗普政府对所有进入美国的铝产品征收了25%的关税。包括铝业公司Alcoa、福特汽车、可口可乐和洛克希德·马丁在内的公司可能面临更高的生产成本。但由于铝的生产需要大量电力，因此其回归可能需要时间
评论翻译
很赞 ( 2 )
收藏
Key point that was glanced over here: "Coca Cola saying it plans to sell more soda in plastic bottles." Who benefits from increased plastic consumption? Fossil fuel companies, as most plastic is derived from oil. Plastic is MUCH harder to recycle and gets recycled by consumers less often, meaning a steady stream of increased demand for new plastic from fossil fuels
这里略过的一个关键点是：“可口可乐表示计划在塑料瓶中销售更多的饮料。”谁从塑料消费的增加中受益？化石燃料公司，因为大多数塑料是由石油衍生的。塑料的回收利用更为困难，消费者回收的频率较低，这意味着对来自化石燃料的新塑料的需求将稳定增长。
At 4 cents a kilowatt in Quebec, it's way more economically profitable to produce there !! Plus the electricity comes from a renewable source !
在魁北克，每千瓦时电费仅为4美分，在那里生产铝更加经济！而且电力来自可再生能源！
It's astonishing that people still don't understand that a tariff is an import tax that THEY will be paying for!
令人惊讶的是，人们仍然不理解关税是一种进口税，他们最终要为此买单！
Many countries around the world could only dream of having a great neighbour like Canada.
世界上许多国家只能梦想拥有像加拿大这样伟大的邻国。
8:42 "The US is still one of the best places in the world to produce primary aluminum." That is simply a false statement. In order to produce primary aluminum you need large amounts of super inexpensive electricity. The reason Canada produces so much primary aluminum is that one of our provinces, Quebec has a large surplus of inexpensive hydroelectric power giving it the lowest electricity prices in North America. No source of electricity has a lower cost than hydro power and the US simply does not have enough places it could build additional dams.
8:42 “美国仍然是全球生产初级铝的最佳地方之一。” 这简直是错误的说法。要生产初级铝，你需要大量廉价的电力。加拿大能生产如此多的初级铝的原因是，我们的一个省份——魁北克拥有大量廉价的水力发电，电费在北美最低。没有任何电力来源能比水电更便宜，而美国根本没有足够的地方建造更多的水坝。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Because America likes cheap labor and cheap products. If they have to manufacture it themselves, the price will go up.
因为美国喜欢廉价劳动力和廉价产品。如果他们必须自己制造，价格就会上涨。
I worked at an Alcoa smelter that closed in 2020. It just came down to power. We used enough power for a medium city. Canada has a lot of dams in places where they have few customers, China built a huge number of power plants.
我曾在一个2020年关闭的铝土矿冶炼厂工作。这完全取决于电力。我们用的电力足够一个中等规模的城市。加拿大有很多大坝，建在一些顾客很少的地方，而中国建了大量的电厂。
Simply speaking it won't cut down aluminum export from canada... Its a new way to collect more tax from American consumers.
简单来说，这不会减少加拿大的铝出口……这只是一个从美国消费者那里收更多税的新方式。
So Boeing planes made in the US will take 20% aluminum tariffs while Airbus planes won’t. Oof… I wonder how this will go?
所以美国制造的波音飞机将面临20%的铝关税，而空客飞机则不会。哎……我不知道这会怎么发展？
Americans throw out aluminum cans?! It's the most recyclable metal. That's idiocracy.
美国人会扔掉铝罐？！它是最容易回收的金属。这真是愚蠢。
The last go-around vis a vis steel, 10K+ US jobs were created but 75K+ US jobs were destroyed
上一次与钢铁的争斗中，创造了10,000多个美国工作岗位，但摧毁了超过75,000个美国工作岗位。
Building a new aluminum smelter in the U.S. typically takes 5 to 10 years. It’s more efficient to get it from countries that have cheap electricity.
在美国建一个新的铝冶炼厂通常需要5到10年。更高效的方法是从那些电力便宜的国家获取。
And 3 of the 9 aluminum refiners in Canada are 100% owned by Alcoa so, you're hurting a US company who is supplying alum to the US. They are taking advantage of the low cost hydro electricity in Canada so, if they move operations to the old shuttered US alum plants it will just cost more to produce (likely using nuclear or coal generated power.)
而且加拿大9家铝冶炼厂中的3家是100%由阿尔科亚拥有的，所以你实际上是在伤害一家向美国供应铝的美国公司。他们利用加拿大廉价的水力电力，所以如果他们将业务转移到那些已经关闭的美国铝厂，生产成本就会更高（可能会使用核能或煤炭发电）。
I think what many people don't understand is that Canada can trade with many countries. That's called competition! Why would someone build a factory in the US when they can sell their steel and other products to the rest of the world? And it takes quite a long time to build the infrastructure for a factory. And then a factory also needs skilled workers. And that alone can be a cause of failure, given the educational level in the States...
我认为很多人不了解的是，加拿大可以与许多国家进行贸易。这叫做竞争！为什么有人要在美国建厂，而不是将钢铁和其他产品卖给全世界？而且建厂需要相当长的时间来建立基础设施。然后，工厂还需要熟练的工人。仅这一点就可能导致失败，因为美国的教育水平问题...
Aluminum is made throughout Canada because energy prices are some of the lowest in the world. It is really hard to count, but we have over 8,500 rivers, each with a vast amount of tributaries, or to put it simply, endless stupid cheap hydroelectricity. It's so cheap that I pay only $25 a month for electricity in my Vancouver apartment. That's not counting all of our uranium, natural gas, oil, coal, wind, geothermal areas, and extreme tides. The scary part is that we've barely scratched the surface for our energy potential as a nation. We're basically a giant battery.
铝在加拿大生产，因为能源价格是世界上最低的之一。很难统计，但我们有超过8500条河流，每条河流都有大量支流，简而言之，就是无穷无尽的廉价水电。便宜到我在温哥华公寓里每月只需支付25美元的电费。这还不包括我们所有的铀、天然气、石油、煤炭、风能、地热资源和极端潮汐。可怕的是，我们作为一个国家，几乎还没有开发我们能源的全部潜力。我们基本上是一个巨大的电池。
Targeted tariffs really only work if you have spare capacity in your own country, potentially with closures and jobs on the line. Even if America maximised their current production, it wont make a dent in required imports. It would take ten years to build new production plants and the power stations required. Until then, the tariff is shooting yourself in the foot.
针对性关税只有在你自己的国家有备用产能的情况下才有效，这可能会导致关闭工厂和失业。即使美国最大限度地提高当前的生产能力，也无法减少所需的进口量。建造新的生产厂和电站需要十年时间。在此之前，关税只是在自伤。
Just what we need, another increase in house prices. This administration has lost all sense of reality. It’s all about a personal agenda now instead of serving the people. Just look at people like Musk.
我们需要的正是再一次房价上涨。这届政府已经完全失去了现实感。现在一切都只是个人议程，而不是为人民服务。看看像马斯克这样的人。
If america cannot produce enough aluminium how does an import tax on americans reduce prices like trump says?
如果美国无法生产足够的铝，为什么像特朗普说的那样，征收进口税能降低美国国内的价格？
Canada needs to focus on trade with Europe and Asia. The US has taken Canada for a ride for way too long and now it will drag us down with it.
加拿大需要专注于与欧洲和亚洲的贸易。美国已经长期利用加拿大，现在它将把我们一起拖下水。
so your country has only 4 aluminium plants that are operationnal, and one of them is in a town extremely close to the canadian border in a state that needs electric power from Ontario and Quebec because they are not self sufficiant ... it's ok apparently you don't need anything from Canada, except if we cut the power cord you will down to 3 alumnium plant
所以你的国家只有4个铝厂在运营，其中一个位于一个非常靠近加拿大边境的小镇，而这个州需要从安大略省和魁北克省获得电力，因为他们自身无法自给自足……看来你们似乎不需要加拿大的任何东西，除非我们切断电力供应，否则你们将只剩下3个铝厂。
The US needs an aluminum strategic reserve and not a useless stock pile of imaginary internet money
美国需要一个铝战略储备，而不是一个无用的虚拟货币库存。
The tarriff plan will evidently lead to high inflation, the high inflation is a significant reason why most retirees have sleepless nights. The increase in prices of everyday items puts them at risk of running out of money. As prices rise, the amount of money retirees can withdraw from their retirement savings also increases.
关税计划显然会导致高通胀，而高通胀是大多数退休人员失眠的一个重要原因。日常商品价格的上涨让他们面临用完退休金的风险。随着物价上涨，退休人员从退休储蓄中可以提取的钱也在增加。
Rump thinks someone is going to push a button and all these factories will suddenly appear and start production in one day. Just like he can stop inflation in one day.
特朗普认为有人会按下一个按钮，所有这些工厂就会在一天之内突然开始生产。就像他能在一天之内停止通胀一样。
Remember Americans this specific tariff will effectively be permanent inflation.
记住，美国人，这个特定的关税将有效地导致永久性的通胀。
Not Canadas problem. Stop all trade with America.
这不是加拿大的问题。停止与美国的所有贸易。
Yes Canadian here and not sure how tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum will help the US. I guess the choice is try to buy it from another country or have American manufacturers and inevitably the American consumer pay for it. Doesn’t sound like sound economics to me
我是加拿大人，不太明白对加拿大钢铁和铝的关税对美国有什么帮助。我猜要么尝试从其他国家购买，要么让美国制造商和最终消费者为此买单。这听起来不像是明智的经济政策。
Canada's aluminum is cheaper because Quebec is blessed with geography that allows abundunt affordable hydroelectricity. Without it smelters must use more expensive fossil generated electricity. America simply can't compete in this sector.
加拿大的铝便宜，因为魁北克得天独厚，拥有充足且便宜的水力发电。如果没有这些，冶炼厂就不得不使用更贵的化石燃料发电。美国在这个领域根本无法竞争。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
To put how much power an Aluminum plant can use in New Zealand we have 1 Aluminum plant the Tiwai Point aluminum smelter. It currently uses 13% of our countries power production and our country has over 5 million people.
为了说明铝厂消耗的电力，新西兰只有一个铝厂——提瓦伊点（Tiwai Point）铝冶炼厂。它目前使用了我们国家13%的电力，而我们国家的总人口超过500万。
Scrap prices are up , not at the all time high yet but higher than the past decade for aluminum.
铝的废料价格上涨了，虽然还没有达到历史最高水平，但比过去十年的价格要高。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Hard to compete with Aluminum produced from low priced hydro electricity
A bit like trying to grow coffee in the US.
There are sound reasons for Trade everybody benefits
I have a trade deficit with my local grocery store, but I can't bake bread at home for a few dollars if factoring in inputs & my time.
很难与利用低价水电生产的铝竞争，稍微有点像试图在美国种咖啡。贸易有其合理性，大家都能从中受益。我和本地杂货店有贸易逆差，但如果考虑到原材料和我的时间，自己在家烤面包可做不到几美元。
Producing aluminum from scratch, meaning from bauxite ore is very energy intensive process. According to one estimate producing one tone of primary aluminum requires around 13,000 to 17,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity.
从头开始生产铝，即从铝土矿中提取，是一个非常耗能的过程。据估计，生产一吨初级铝大约需要13,000到17,000千瓦时（kWh）的电力。
The US has a limited resource of Bauxite available (the mineral used to make Aluminum). The Bauxite mined in the US is mainly used to make fracking fluid and abrasives like sand paper and grinding wheels.
美国的铝土矿资源有限（铝的主要原料）。美国开采的铝土矿主要用于生产压裂液和像砂纸、磨轮这样的磨料。
Similar situation for the logging industry. US has forest, about 20% of Canadian ones. These are located in more densely populated area, with 10x more tree-huggers. A large proportion of the US forests are private, and the current logging industry is in relative equilibrium with their renewal capacity. It takes about 100 years to regrow the forest. Apply the logging intensity of the Canadian industry to the US national forest, and they would be shaved in 20 years or so... Furthermore, to make lumbers, you also need sawmills, which US do not have in sufficient numbers (already shipping logs to Canada), as well as trained lumberjacts, logging machinery and forest engineers.... And this will need a decade to built... Good luck.
木材工业也面临类似的情况。美国有森林，约为加拿大森林的20%。这些森林位于人口密集的地区，树木保护者比加拿大多10倍。美国的大部分森林是私人拥有的，目前的伐木行业与森林的再生能力保持相对平衡。森林重生大约需要100年。如果将加拿大行业的伐木强度应用于美国的国家森林，可能在20年左右就会被砍光……此外，制造木材还需要锯木厂，而美国的锯木厂数量不足（已经开始将木材运往加拿大），还需要训练有素的伐木工人、伐木机械和森林工程师……而这些都需要十年才能建成……祝好运。
Aluminum is basically congealed electricity.
The US doesn't produce enough of that at a low enough price.
As a matter of fact, America relies on Canadian electricity from coast to coast where the tariffed aluminum comes from.
铝基本上是凝固的电力。美国生产的电力不足，价格也不够低。事实上，美国依赖从加拿大进口的电力，铝的关税正是来自这些地区。
Re aluminium manufacturing in the UK -we had a plant right next door to one of our nuclear power stations. When that power station closed, the aluminium plant closed. You have to have a LOT of power available.
关于英国的铝制造——我们曾有一家铝厂就在我们的核电站旁边。当那座核电站关闭时，铝厂也关闭了。你必须有大量的电力供应才能进行铝制造。
The last time I vacationed on the Oregon coast it was impossible to find recycling bins at any roadside public places, yet Oregon sees itself as the greenest state.
上次我在俄勒冈海岸度假时，几乎在任何公共路边地方都找不到回收箱，但俄勒冈州自认为是最环保的州。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Ya let’s make it more expensive for the average American. Tariffs are paid by consumers.
是的，让普通美国人更难负担得起。关税最终是由消费者支付的。
Never mind. The US can always melt some Tesla's & recycle their aluminium. Like Canada, where we live in Australia, aluminium is produced effectively & at excellent quality. The US is now locked into an economic death spiral of its own making. The only downside is they want to drag Commonwealth nations with them. The sooner Canada, the UK, Ireland, Australia & NZ separate themselves from anything American, the better off we will all be (for our own sanity if nothing else!).
算了。美国总是可以融化一些特斯拉车，回收它们的铝。就像加拿大一样，我们生活在澳大利亚，铝的生产既高效又质量优良。美国现在陷入了自己造成的经济死亡螺旋。唯一的缺点是他们想把英联邦国家也拖下水。加拿大、英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚和新西兰越早与美国分离，对我们所有人来说就越好（至少在精神上能好一些！）。
The average car built uses about 500lb. of aluminum. At $1.27/lb. that's $635 per car. A 25% tariff paid by the manufacturer would be $159. If the car is built for $20k and the eventual retail price is $40k, the consumer pays an additional $318 on the car.
一辆普通的汽车大约使用500磅铝。每磅1.27美元的话，就是635美元。制造商需支付25%的关税，约为159美元。如果汽车的生产成本是2万美元，最终零售价是4万美元，那么消费者需额外支付318美元。
That Aluminum Smelter use alot of electricity. The 1 in 4 smelter in Massena, New York sit on the border and is probably pulling all it power from Canada.
铝冶炼厂需要大量电力。位于纽约马塞纳的一个铝冶炼厂就坐落在边境，可能完全依赖加拿大的电力。
It's not just consumers - it makes American exporters less competitive against their international counterparts who aren't subject to 25% extra costs for aluminum... Boeing, Pepsi, Ford, etc. anything with aluminum in it just drove up American exports 25% ...
不仅仅是消费者——这还让美国的出口商在与国际竞争对手的竞争中处于不利地位，因为他们不需要支付25%的铝关税……波音、百事可乐、福特等公司，任何使用铝的产品，美国的出口成本都增加了25%。
I grew up in Wenatchee WA. There was (maybe still is) a very large aluminum plant outside of town literally directly connected to a hydroelectric dam. All through my school-years it was constantly starting up and being mothballed depending on fluctuations in aluminum pricing. It employed a lot of people from the town. Seems like this might be a good time to fire it up again if it's still there.
我在华盛顿州的温那契长大。镇外有一个非常大的铝厂，直接与水力发电大坝相连。在我整个上学期间，它一直在根据铝价波动不断启动和停工。它雇用了镇上的很多人。如果它还在的话，现在可能是重新启动它的好时机。
Trump's argument about secure sources of aluminum is understandable. However, he then makes a ridiculous 2 part argument that: 1) Canadian aluminum is a threat, and 2) Canada is the 51st state. If Canada is already the 51st state, then you've got yourself a secure, domestic supplier of aluminum. Yet, you apply a tarrif on aluminum from your own 51st state? This is just taxation on Americans then.
特朗普关于铝的安全供应源的论点可以理解。然而，他接着提出了一个荒谬的两部分论点：1) 加拿大铝是一个威胁，2) 加拿大是第51个州。如果加拿大已经是第51个州，那么你就有了一个安全的国内铝供应商。那么你为什么还要对来自自己第51个州的铝征收关税呢？这实际上就是对美国人征税。
Here in Spokane, we have unused and underutilized smelters. We are plugged into the Grand Coulee Dam and have access to energy. Spokane has at least a little room for increased productivity.
在斯波坎，我们有一些未被利用的铝冶炼厂。我们接入了大科卢水坝并且有能源供应。斯波坎至少有一些空间来提高生产力。
I honestly knew that once markets really grasps that Trump is serious about tariffs, it’s going to hit hard. If the US cuts itself off from global trade, that isolationism is going to send shockwaves
我算知道了，一旦市场真正理解特朗普对关税的坚定态度，它将会造成巨大冲击。如果美国切断与全球贸易的联系，这种孤立主义将会产生震动。
There are no plans for new aluminum or steel plants, or oil refineries in the USA. What company wants to invest a billion USD in a plant in these unsure times with America very very close to being a fascist state. You can Drill baby drill, and mine all the steel you want, but with not new plants and refineries built. it just sits there. Steel companies will never do that. An oil refinery can take 10 to 20 years to build and a steel plant can take 5 to 10 years to build... depending on the infrastructure, and permits needed etc. Of course trump knows none of this, and how all this will affect Exports, which made America great. All he knows is he will have trillions of usd he can spend or give away as he wishes.. That money is YOUR money you paid on each item you buy. This is how the Great Depression happened, and ultimately WW2
美国没有新建铝厂、钢铁厂或石油炼油厂的计划。在这种不确定的时期，哪家公司愿意投资10亿美元建厂？美国离成为一个法西斯国家已经非常非常接近了。你可以说“钻探宝贝，钻探”，你可以挖掘所有的钢铁，但如果没有新建的厂和炼油厂，这些资源就只是闲置在那里。钢铁公司永远不会这么做。建设一个石油炼油厂可能需要10到20年，而钢铁厂需要5到10年，具体取决于所需的基础设施和许可证等等。当然特朗普对此一无所知，也不了解这将如何影响出口，而出口曾使美国伟大。他只知道他将有数万亿美元可以随意花费或分配……而这些钱就是你花在每一件商品上的钱。这就是大萧条发生的原因，最终导致了第二次世界大战。
Aluminum is as close to solid electricty as you can get.
铝几乎可以说是最接近电力的实体物质。
These tariffs don't make any sense whatsoever and they only serve to raise the price that we pay for those products. The fake reasoning that in the long term it will bring back manufacturing back to the U.S. is NOT that simple, especially with the investment needed to fund and construct those manufacturing plants here. These blanket tariffs are a national disgrace that too many people are going along with, or are not speaking out against.
这些关税根本没有任何意义，它们只会抬高我们为这些产品支付的价格。所谓长期内会将制造业带回美国的理由根本不简单，尤其是考虑到需要大量投资来资助和建设这些制造厂。这样的普遍性关税是国家的耻辱，太多人要么跟风，要么没有发声反对。
There is a reason why Trump jokes about Canada becoming a 51state. Canada has a lot of raw material plus an abundance of cheap energy, that combination is hard to resist……….but unfortunately for America that will never happen and fortunately for Canada the future looks pretty bright!
特朗普开玩笑说加拿大要成为第51个州是有原因的。加拿大拥有大量的原材料和丰富的廉价能源，这种组合确实很有吸引力……但不幸的是，对美国来说这永远不会发生，幸运的是，对加拿大来说，未来看起来相当光明！
The world fighting back against tariffs is the same as the world fighting against new taxes for Americans. It is the American that pay the tariffs.
世界反击关税就像美国人反对新税一样。最终，付关税的是美国人。
Aluminum is basically the same as Electricity. So, in order to produce more cheaper Aluminum you need a lot of cheap Electricity. Hydro and Nuclear has been the cheapest electricity plants for many decades. So any country which has a surplus of those could supply cheaper Aluminum.
铝基本上与电力类似。因此，要生产更多便宜的铝，你需要大量便宜的电力。水力和核能几十年来一直是最便宜的电力来源。因此，任何拥有这些能源盈余的国家都可以提供更便宜的铝。