德里，印度的超级大都市：影响十亿人口的首都
Delhi, India's MEGACITY: Capital of a Billion People
译文简介
这是地球上人口最多的城市，也是一个国家的首都，这个国家的人口将很快超过地球上任何其他地方。它拥有超过3100万居民，这是一个充满混乱和复杂历史的地方。它在住房、不平等和交通方面存在重大问题，但如果能解决这些问题，其居民将经历巨大的繁荣增长。作为印度的权力中心，这里发生的事情影响着十亿人，并在全球范围内产生回响。这就是德里：21世纪的支点。
正文翻译
这是地球上人口最多的城市，也是一个国家的首都，这个国家的人口将很快超过地球上任何其他地方。它拥有超过3100万居民，这是一个充满混乱和复杂历史的地方。它在住房、不平等和交通方面存在重大问题，但如果能解决这些问题，其居民将经历巨大的繁荣增长。作为印度的权力中心，这里发生的事情影响着十亿人，并在全球范围内产生回响。这就是德里：21世纪的支点。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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This is the most populous city, and the capital, of a country that will soon have more people than anywhere else on Earth. Home to more than 31 million residents, it’s a chaotic place with a complicated history. It has major problems in housing, inequality, and transportation, but if it can solve them, its residents will experience an enormous increase in prosperity. As India’s seat of power, what happens here impacts a billion people and reverberates around the world. This is Delhi: a fulcrum of the 21st century.
Nestled along a protective ridge that sends Himalayan snowmelt either west to the tributaries of the Indus river, or east to the Ganges, Delhi is the gateway to one of the most expansive, fertile agricultural plains on the planet, and a collection point for goods on their way to an extensive coastline for export.
This land has been the capital of empire after empire for thousands of years, but the defining moment in its modern history occurred 75 years ago when India declared its independence from the British Empire at Delhi’s Red Fort. This resulted in the partition of the Indian territory along religious lines into India, and West and East Pakistan, which eventually became independent Bangladesh.
This had massive consequences.
This flood of new arrivals overwhelmed the city as makeshift housing settlements sprouted and grew all over. This building wasn’t done to code and lacked basic plumbing and sewers. It’s a crisis that Delhi is still struggling to solve. Today, the percentage of its residents living in so-called unauthorized areas is as high as 40%. That’s a staggering 12 million people.
But to get a more complete picture of what Delhi is today, we must go back to events after Indian independence. In 1947 Indian per-capita income had not increased since 1757–that’s 190 years of British imperialists taking ownership of - and exporting away - vast quantities of India’s bountiful natural resources. Revolutionary Mahatma Gandhi and his hand-picked political heir, Jawaharlal Nehru, knew the Indian people needed a far different system than what the British Empire had imposed.
What Nehru wanted was an idyllic ‘Total Society’ in which injustice and inequality would be defeated by the perfect nation-system. This dream was cemented during a short four-day visit to Moscow, where Nehru and his father were wined and dined by the com...st Party’s elite celebrating the ten-year anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution. With tightly managed visits to factories and theatres, it was an obvious attempt to impart a rosy picture of Soviet-style socialism onto visiting dignitaries, and it worked. Nehru was awed by the USSR’s achievements in industry, art, and bureaucracy.
Real estate and land development in the city of Delhi was tightly controlled. The Delhi Development Authority - or DDA - was created in 1957 and granted the exclusive responsibility of land development within the borders of the city. The DDA prevented individuals from owning more than a handful of acres and forced people to sell the agency their property at below-market prices.
这是地球上人口最多的城市，也是一个国家的首都，这个国家的人口将很快超过地球上任何其他地方。它拥有超过3100万居民，这是一个充满混乱和复杂历史的地方。它在住房、不平等和交通方面存在重大问题，但如果能解决这些问题，其居民将经历巨大的繁荣增长。作为印度的权力中心，这里发生的事情影响着十亿人，并在全球范围内产生回响。这就是德里：21世纪的支点。
德里坐落在一条保护性山脊上，这条山脊将喜马拉雅的融雪向西引向印度河的支流，或向东引向恒河。德里是通往地球上最广阔、最肥沃的农业平原的门户，也是货物在运往广阔海岸线出口途中的集散地。
这片土地几千年来一直是帝国接踵而至的首都，但其现代历史上的决定性时刻发生在75年前，当时印度在德里的红堡宣布脱离大英帝国独立。这导致印度领土按宗教界线分裂为印度、西巴基斯坦和东巴基斯坦，后者最终成为独立的孟加拉国。
这带来了巨大的后果。
新移民的涌入使城市不堪重负，临时住房区遍地开花。这些建筑不符合规范，缺乏基本的管道和下水道，这是德里仍在努力解决的危机。今天，居住在所谓“未经授权”地区的居民比例高达40%，这是一个惊人的1200万人。
但要更全面地了解今天的德里，我们必须回到印度独立后的事件。1947年，印度的人均收入自1757年以来没有增长——这是190年来英国帝国主义者占有并出口大量印度丰富的自然资源的结果。革命家圣雄甘地和他亲手挑选的政治继承人贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁知道，印度人民需要一个与大英帝国强加的制度截然不同的制度。
尼赫鲁想要的是一个理想的“全面社会”，在这个社会中，不公正和不平等将被完美的国家制度击败。这个梦想在他对莫斯科的短暂四天访问中得到了巩固，尼赫鲁和他的父亲在那里受到gcd精英的款待并庆祝布尔什维克革命十周年。通过精心安排的工厂和剧院访问，这显然是为了向访问的贵宾们展示苏联式社会主义的美好图景，它奏效了。尼赫鲁对苏联在工业、艺术和官僚机构方面的成就感到敬畏。
德里的房地产和土地开发受到了严格的控制。德里发展局（DDA）于1957年成立，并被授予城市边界内土地开发的独家责任。DDA禁止个人拥有超过几英亩的土地并迫使人们以低于市场价格将财产出售给该机构。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
there are a lot to learn what India did in last 20 years taking on the biggest challenges that humans ever faced in their history, glad to see this report about Delhi and how they are trying to solve some of the problems a mega city can face. very very long way to go but still good job Delhi from Pakistan
印度在过去20年里应对了人类历史上最大的挑战，有很多值得学习的地方。很高兴看到这份关于德里的报告，以及他们如何试图解决一个超级城市可能面临的一些问题。还有很长的路要走，但德里做得很好，来自巴基斯坦的问候。
For a six month period between 1998 and 1999, I spent quite a lot of time in Delhi. As a backpacker I saw the best and worst of what the city had to offer, but it had an undeniable spirit and heart. I’m really glad to see some of the positives that this well-researched video highlights so eloquently. All the best to Delhi and the whole of India.
在1998年到1999年的六个月里，我在德里度过了相当长的时间。作为一个背包客，我看到了这座城市最好和最坏的一面，但它有一种不可否认的精神和心灵。我真的很高兴看到这部经过充分研究的视频如此雄辩地强调了一些积极的方面。祝德里和整个印度一切顺利。
Just come across this channel today, great job with this documentary especially identifying how License Raj has crippled India for decades, not just Delhi alone. Now I live in USA and each time I visit (South India) the development has been great, new luxury outskirts with good infra . hearing many mega Road, rail, and airports etc are under construction will be completed by 2024. Indians needs more infra before it's declared as most populated country, for good or bad we can't control the population there.
我今天刚发现这个频道，这部纪录片做得很棒，特别是它指出了“许可证制度”如何使印度瘫痪了几十年，而不仅仅在德里。现在我生活在美国，每次访问（南印度）时，我发现她的发展都很不错，新的豪华郊区基础设施良好。我听说许多大型公路、铁路和机场等正在建设中并将在2024年完工。印度在被宣布为人口最多的国家之前需要更多的基础设施，因为无论好坏，我们都无法控制那里的人口。
I loved the optimism that mentioned in every end of your video,,,,I am glad and proud that every nation’s have the same right to be developed country one day,,#lovefrom ndonesia
我喜欢你在每段视频结尾提到的乐观主义，我很高兴和自豪每个国家都有权有一天成为发达国家，来自印度尼西亚的爱。
16:23 Now that AAP has won in Punjab, which is the major source of crop burning, it will be interesting to see what the AAP govt does to counter it, as they have always been blaming the crop burning in punjab as a major source of pollution in Delhi.
16:23 现在AAP（印度平民党）在旁遮普邦获胜，而旁遮普是农作物燃烧的主要来源，看看AAP政府如何应对这一问题将很有趣，因为他们一直将旁遮普的农作物燃烧视为德里污染的主要来源。
I spent some time in Delhi earlier this year and I had a great experience. People were kind and helpful, the hustle and bustle was spirited and colorful, and the street food was so cool even just to look at! What a life experience! I felt safe the whole time as a solo female traveler, too. I love India I can’t wait to be back:)
今年早些时候我在德里度过了一段时间，我有一段很棒的经历。那里的人们友善且乐于助人，熙熙攘攘的氛围充满活力和色彩，街头小吃光是看着就很酷！多么棒的人生经历啊！作为一个独自旅行的女性，我也一直感到安全。我爱印度，我迫不及待想回去。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
My hopes and prayers for India's constant renewal. India can set an example for how human ingenuity and cooperation create prosperity for everyone. Surely no nation faces the many challenges socially and politically that India does. I am a professor in Canada and have many students from India.
我对印度的不断更新充满希望和祈祷。印度可以成为人类智慧和合作如何为每个人创造繁荣的榜样。当然，没有哪个国家像印度那样面临如此多的社会和政治挑战。我是加拿大的教授，有许多来自印度的学生。
One of the major reason why Delhi is like this is because of Urban Land Ceiling Act 1976, it was a socialist act made to stop large private companies to not buy large plots of land and develop it by themselves, the land would be in control by the government who would distribute it equally but refused to develop these lands...this is a major reason why in the main cities you cannot see skyscrapers, the planned development and highrises are only present in the city outskirts which have been developed since this anti-development socialist law was repealed in 1992...
德里之所以如此，主要原因之一是1976年的《城市土地上限法》，这是一项社会主义法案，旨在阻止大型私营公司购买大片土地并自行开发。土地将由政府控制，政府将平等分配土地，但拒绝开发这些土地……这是为什么你在主要的城市地区看不到摩天大楼的主要原因，规划中的开发和高层建筑只出现在城市郊区，这些郊区自1992年这项反开发的社会主义法律被废除以来才得以发展。
Amazingly done. Just to point out auto rickshaw in Delhi are all CNG powered thereby quite eco friendly in comparison to diesel and petrol powered cars. For that matter, you’d be glad to know that all the public transport even the large government buses are CNG powered or are electric.
做得非常棒。我只想指出德里的自动人力车都是CNG驱动的，因此与柴油和汽油驱动的汽车相比非常环保。在这方面，你会很高兴知道所有的公共交通工具，甚至大型政府巴士都是CNG驱动或电动的。
Awesome video! You seem to be a foreigner yet you’ve captured the issues far better than a native Indian understands it. Really appreciate the amount of research you’ve put in mate!
很棒的视频！你似乎是个外国人，但你捕捉到的问题比印度本地人理解得更好。真的很感激你投入的研究量，伙计！
It's funny how every city becomes a lot more powerful and stable once it builds out good public transit. Maybe with the exception of a few American cities, but even then compare those with cities like New York, Tokyo, London, etc. and the difference in economical influence is massive.
有趣的是每个城市一旦建成了良好的公共交通系统，它就会变得更强大和稳定。也许除了少数美国城市，但即使如此，与纽约、东京、伦敦等城市相比，经济影响力的差异是巨大的。
This series is genuinely one of my favorite pieces of content on YouTube, so glad to see it back!
Though it’s absurd that after 2 days this video has less than 10k views. The long break and shifting content types will have set the channel back sadly, but I hope the algorithm picks this one up, as it very much deserves to get out there. Just keep at it and I’m sure you’ll break through again!
这个系列确实是我在YouTube上最喜欢的内容之一，我很高兴看到它回来了！
尽管两天后这个视频的观看量不到1万次，这很荒谬。长时间的休息和内容类型的转变可能会让频道倒退，但我希望算法能抓住这个视频，因为它非常值得被更多人看到。请坚持下去，我相信你会再次突破！
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Hey, I just loved watching your documentary, other than it being interesting, the fact that you have highlighted both the negative and positive sides of India make it completely worth watching, I love my India! Jai Hind!
嘿，我刚刚很喜欢看你的纪录片，除了它很有趣之外，你强调了印度的负面和正面，这使它完全值得一看，我爱我的印度！印度万岁！
Visiting Delhi was the worst travelling experience in my life. The pollution was something I've never experienced. The amount of scammers was staggering. I don't care about the money hustled... but experiencing all the deceiving and dishonesty was just sad as we just curious about their culture and lives they live. Glad we got out of there after a few days. Luckily I enjoyed other parts of northern India we visited and met some lovely people
访问德里是我一生中最糟糕的旅行经历。污染是我从未经历过的，骗子的数量令人震惊。虽然我不在乎被骗的钱……但经历所有的欺骗和不诚实令人悲伤，因为我们只是对他们的文化和生活感到好奇。很高兴我们在几天后离开了那里，幸运的是我们访问了印度北部的其他地区并遇到了一些可爱的人。
I would like to say to this beautiful country may the power and the peace of love and mercy upon this country to save India from any problem any enemies to give them love works goodness my prayer from all my heart. I love you so much. God bless you.
我想对这个美丽的国家说，愿爱与怜悯的力量和和平降临这个国家，拯救印度免受任何问题和敌人的侵害，给予他们爱、工作和善良，我全心全意地祈祷。我非常爱你，愿上帝保佑你。
I really appreciate the hard work you did to cover the historic background or Delhi , demonstrating the future and showing excellent view of present Delhi.
我非常感谢你为涵盖德里的历史背景所做的辛勤工作，展示了未来并展示了德里现状的精彩视角。
As an American who has been to India twice, my love for your country and her people is immense. I hope all of India’s dreams come true and that all of her people reach the highest prosperity. I have traveled all over this world and I can honestly say that in all my travels there isn’t a more special place to be found.
作为一个去过印度两次的美国人，我对你们的国家和人民的爱是巨大的。我希望印度所有的梦想都能实现，所有的人民都能达到最高的繁荣。我走遍了这个世界，我可以诚实地说，在我所有的旅行中，没有比这更特别的地方了。
What they really need here is electric trams. I went to Delhi some years ago and despite being ripped off everywhere, being subjected to harassment for foreign currency etc, nobody having change in any shop , it was obvious that the city was hopelessly polluted. Get all those scooters and other polluting vehicles off the road, before it becomes uninhabitable.
他们真正需要的是电动有轨电车。几年前我去过德里，尽管到处被宰，受到外币骚扰等，任何商店都没有零钱，但很明显，这座城市污染严重。在它变得无法居住之前，他们应该把所有那些摩托车和其他污染车辆从道路上清除掉。
I really don't think electric cars are the 'solution' to a city of 32.1million people, projected to grow to 40 million. Western cities are just now starting to realise the error of their ways--or in Amsterdam's case, they've known for half a century--now is absolutely the worst possible time to make as colossal a mistake as investing in the automobile.
我真的不认为电动汽车是一个拥有3210万人口、预计将增长到4000万人口的城市的“解决方案”。西方城市现在才开始意识到他们的错误——或者在阿姆斯特丹的情况下，他们已经知道了半个世纪——现在绝对是犯下像投资汽车这样巨大错误的最糟糕时机。
My visit to New Delhi and Goa was amazing. I live in Utah, USA and can say that India is a country with great culture, food, and people. I cannot wait to go back and explore more of the country!
我对新德里和果阿的访问非常棒。我生活在美国犹他州，我可以说印度是一个拥有伟大文化、美食和人民的国家，我迫不及待想回去探索更多这个国家！
It's India's time to shine, it will become a very powerful, economical, and highly respected country in the 20th century. The growth potential for India is limitless and I can't wait to see the levels of growth and prosper India can create for itself!
这是印度闪耀的时刻，它将成为20世纪一个非常强大且备受尊敬的国家。印度的增长潜力是无限的，我迫不及待想看到印度能够为自己创造的成长和繁荣水平！
Ths video has shown more of the history of Delhi rather than the current state of Delhi. I am a resident of Delhi and I can tell you that the Delhi that you have shown is at least 10 years old and you have also shown the wrong map of India. Just some old video clips don't make your video authentic but you have correctly shown about the DDA.
这个视频展示了更多德里的历史而不是德里的现状。我是德里的居民，我可以告诉你，你展示的德里至少是10年前的，而且你还展示了错误的印度地图。仅仅是一些旧视频片段并不能让你的视频真实，但你正确地展示了DDA（德里发展局）。
The video started by saying India was corrupted into poverty by the British establishment and finished by saying India will be saved by the global establishment.
视频开始时说印度被英国体制腐蚀成贫困，结束时又说印度将被全球体制所拯救。
sadly Delhi govt is not taking part in developing any infrastructure, especially related to construction, Constructiion related things are being built by central govt only
遗憾的是德里政府没有参与任何基础设施的开发，特别是与建筑相关的，与建筑相关的事情只由中央政府建造。
Why do all the film makers (without exception) look away or hardly mention the exploitation done by the Brits -the greatest in history, of the Indian wealth and resources
为什么所有的电影制作人（无一例外）都回避或几乎不提英国人对印度财富和资源的剥削——这是历史上最大的剥削。
Private sector is doing its best to develop India and improve infrastructure. Government and foreign funded NGO' S are doing its best to play politics and discourage any form of development, so that India remain poor for eternity.
私营部门正在尽最大努力发展印度并改善基础设施。政府和外国资助的非政府组织正在尽最大努力玩弄政治并阻止任何形式的发展以便印度永远保持贫困。
"every license and every system was procured by some corrupt means" and this guy is one of the most corrupt politician in India. thank to people for throwing them away and bringing new government which is trying to fix the previous mistake
“每一个许可证和每一个系统都是通过某种腐败手段获得的”，而这个人是印度最腐败的政治家之一。感谢人们抛弃他们并带来了试图纠正以前错误的新政府。
I have travelled through delhi slums but one thing I knew most of the people are employed and i don't think that they don't have electricity and toilets it's totally fake
我穿越过德里的贫民窟，但我知道的一件事是大多数人都有工作，我不认为他们没有电和厕所，这完全是假的。
My kids moms aunt is a wealthy architect, who every summer goes on a trip to some other part of the world. She's currently driving from Phoenix, to the arctic circle as I write this. When my kids got to be about 7 and 8 she began taking them with her on these trips. The first or second trip they went on was to India, where they were for a couple weeks. My kids tell horror stories about it. At one point they became surrounded by beggars, they gave one or two of them a little money and the rest basically mobbed on them, more or less demanding money. My kids say people were grabbing at them and pulling them back when they were trying to leave, people were opening the backpacks on their backs and trying to take things. My kids moms aunt picked up my youngest son and was holding my oldest sons hand and trying to get out of there, but they were completely surrounded. My kids got so scared they were crying, and the aunt got so pissed she started yelling at the beggars and calling out for help. Eventually some people started helping them and were hitting the beggars with sticks to get them away. Later in the trip they were robbed by someone who was supposed to take them to ride on an elephant, he disappeared with the money and left them in some random village that they took a taxi to, and apparently there weren't any taxis in the village to take them back, something they didn't realize until they were already there. They ended up paying someone from the village to take them back to the city. My kids and the aunt all say they will never go back to India.
我孩子妈妈的姑姑是一位富有的建筑师，她每年夏天都会去世界其他地方旅行。在我写这篇文章时，她正从凤凰城开车到北极圈。当我的孩子们大约7岁和8岁时，她开始带他们一起去旅行。他们第一次或第二次旅行是去印度并在那里待了几个星期，我的孩子们讲述了关于那里的恐怖故事。有一次，他们被乞丐包围，他们给了一两个人一点钱，其余的人基本上围攻了他们，或多或少地要求钱。我的孩子们说当他们试图离开时，人们抓住他们并把他们拉回来，人们打开他们背上的背包并试图拿走东西。我孩子妈妈的姑姑抱起我最小的儿子，拉着我大儿子的手，试图离开那里，但他们完全被包围了。我的孩子们吓得哭了起来，姑姑气得开始对乞丐大喊大叫并呼救。最终，一些人开始帮助他们并用棍子打乞丐把他们赶走。后来在旅途中，他们被一个应该带他们骑大象的人抢劫了，他带着钱消失了，把他们留在一个他们打车去的随机村庄，显然村里没有出租车可以带他们回去，直到他们到了那里才意识到这一点。他们最终付钱给村里的人带他们回城。我的孩子们和姑姑都说他们永远不会再去印度。
Simply showing the bad side of a country is nothing appreciatable. POV and your taste will get reflected in your work. Every where and in everything good and bad coexist. Show love to other countries as well as your own.
仅仅展示一个国家的坏处是没有什么值得赞赏的，观点和你的品味会在你的作品中反映出来。在任何地方和任何事情中，好坏都是共存的。你应该向其他国家以及你自己的国家展示爱。
Wow wonderful Delhi,,,! I’m soo curiouse to visit the best and the worse of what had Delhi to offer,,,, Delhi I am coming very soon,,,! Best regards to all indian people…
哇，美妙的德里，，，！我非常好奇去体验德里最好和最坏的一面，，，，德里，我很快就会来，，，！向所有印度人民致以最良好的祝愿…