日本半导体产业为何失败？
Why Japan's Semiconductor Industry Failed
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日本曾经是世界上最大的半导体制造国之一。然而，仅仅几年后，它就被邻国超越了。
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日本半导体产业为何失败？
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Japan was once one of the world's largest semiconductor manufacturing countries. However, in just a few years, it would be surpassed by its neighbors.
日本曾经是世界上最大的半导体制造国之一。然而，仅仅几年后，它就被邻国超越了。
Why Japan's Semiconductor Industry Failed：US won’t allow Japan to dominate semiconductor industry.
为什么日本的半导体产业失败了：美国不允许日本主导半导体产业。
Thirty years ago, Toshiba exported precision instruments to SOVIET . The United States has imposed the following penalties on Toshiba Group
1: The Japanese Police Department was ordered to arrest Erhe Lin, President of Toshiba Machinery Foundry, and Hiroshima Tanamura, President of Machine Tool Business, and sentenced to 10 years'imprisonment.
2: Closing Toshiba's factory in the United States
3: A 100% tariff on Toshiba products sold to the United States
4: As an alternative punishment to the previous one, Toshiba's exports to the United States were banned for five years.
5: A huge fine of 1 trillion yen was imposed on Toshiba, equivalent to $16 billion today.
In order to calm the anger of the United States, Japan has imposed severe penalties on Toshiba Group:
First, Japan's semiconductor industry will unconditionally share technology with American companies.
Second, Toshiba spent 100 million yen to publish a full-page apology advertisement in all major newspapers in the United States.
Thirdly, Japan Semiconductor Association invested 9 million US dollars to launch various relations lobbying in the US Congress, and this lobbying has become the most costly lobbying war in history.
Fourthly, the chairman and general manager of Toshiba Group resigned.
Fifthly, by an administrative order issued by the Ministry of Communications, Toshiba is prohibited from exporting any products to 14 countries for a period of one year.
The United States is the master of Japan, Japan can only apologize, which has led to Toshiba gradually losing its past glory.
Toshiba was the hope of Japan's science and technology industry, and also the hope and pillar of Japan's manufacturing. After suffering a heavy blow from the United States, Toshiba went downhill thoroughly.
The U.S. attacked Toshiba not because it sold equipment to the Soviet unx, but because it affected U.S. interests. The United States believes that the Japanese semiconductor industry represented by Toshiba Group seriously threatens the economic interests of the United States, while the Japanese high-end manufacturing plan threatens the United States and challenges the technological hegemony of the United States.
Looking back more than 30 years ago, the experience of Toshiba, Japan, and looking at what the United States is doing today, there are indeed many similarities.
The United States does not allow its high-end manufacturing industry to be challenged at all, nor does it allow its technological hegemony to be challenged. The United States hopes that other countries will all be American workers and will never allow other countries to become shareholders of American interests.
三十年前，东芝曾向苏联出口精密仪器，美国对东芝集团实施了以下惩罚：
1: 日本警察部门被命令逮捕东芝机械铸造厂总裁Erhe Lin和机床业务总裁Hiroshima Tanamura并判处10年监禁。
2: 关闭东芝在美国的工厂。
3: 对销往美国的东芝产品征收100%的关税。
4: 作为前一项惩罚的替代，东芝对美国的出口被禁止五年。
5: 对东芝处以1万亿日元的巨额罚款，相当于今天的160亿美元。
为了平息美国的愤怒，日本对东芝集团实施了严厉的惩罚：
首先，日本的半导体产业将无条件与美国公司分享技术。
其次，东芝花费1亿日元在美国各大报纸上刊登整版道歉广告。
第三，日本半导体协会投资900万美元在美国国会发起各种关系游说，这次游说成为历史上最昂贵的游说战。
第四，东芝集团的董事长和总经理辞职。
第五，通过通信部发布的行政命令，东芝被禁止向14个国家出口任何产品，为期一年。
美国是日本的主人，日本只能道歉，这导致东芝逐渐失去了过去的辉煌。
东芝曾是日本科技产业的希望，也是日本制造业的希望和支柱。在遭受美国的沉重打击后，东芝彻底走了下坡路。
美国攻击东芝并不是因为它向苏联出售设备，而是因为它影响了美国的利益。美国认为以东芝集团为代表的日本半导体产业严重威胁了美国的经济利益，而日本的高端制造计划威胁了美国并挑战了美国的技术霸权。
回顾30多年前东芝和日本的经历，再看美国今天的所作所为，确实存在许多相似之处。
美国绝不允许其高端制造业受到挑战，也不允许其技术霸权受到挑战。美国希望其他国家都成为美国的工人，绝不允许其他国家成为美国利益的股东。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
So basically just what we are seeing with Chinese car industry.
It's free trade when it suits the US, but when you get too big, free trade no longer exists
所以基本上就是我们今天在中国汽车行业看到的情况。
当对美国有利时，就是自由贸易，但当你变得太大时，自由贸易就不再存在。
Because of the usa sanctions, because they had a huge potential, that's what china doesn't want from depending on the us/taiwan chips by building their own chip.
因为美国的制裁，因为他们有巨大的潜力，这就是中国不想依赖美国/台湾（地区）芯片，而是自己制造芯片的原因。
What’s happening now to China is similar to what what was happening to Japan at the time.
现在中国发生的事情与当时日本发生的事情类似。
You fail to understand that photo reisin used for chip production is solely made in Japan. No one country can manufacture a full working chip on its own
你未能理解用于芯片生产的光刻胶仅在日本制造，没有一个国家可以独自制造一个完整的芯片。
Japan was leading the microchip race in the 1970s before US sanctioned Japan with unfair trade agreements to limit their High Tech products and forcing Japan to build factories in US while charging hefty costs, Toshiba the leader in microchip manufacturing was targeted by US and it's General manager was arrested by to force Tech transfer. Same thing also happened to France in Energy sector. US is now trying to Do the same to China But failed as Chinese government step in and protected local companies which both Japan and the French government cowarded.
日本在20世纪70年代领导了微芯片竞赛，直到美国通过不公平的贸易协议制裁日本，限制其高科技产品并迫使日本在美国建厂，同时收取高昂的费用。东芝作为微芯片制造的领导者，成了美国的目标，其总经理被捕以迫使技术转让。同样的事情也发生在法国的能源领域。美国现在试图对中国做同样的事情，但失败了，因为中国政府介入并保护了本地公司，而日本和法国政府则退缩了。
I remember that the after the "Plaza Accord" President Reagan forced Prime minister Nakasone to accept few things to let Japan avoid the trade war against US. One of them was "the semiconductor agreement." As the result, Japan cannot export chips to US from Japan. Therefore, all semiconductor industry in Japan were shifted their technology to surrounding country like Taiwan, South Korea and China. Since their production technology is still highly relay on the supply from Japan.
Like ultra high quality "Fluoropolyimide", "photoresist" and "hydrogen fluoride" are nobody else can mass produce, except Japanese inland factories. Therefore, Japanese semiconductor manufacturing industries still making tons of money from Taiwan, Korea and China.
我记得，在“广场协议”之后，里根总统曾强迫中曾根首相接受一些东西以使日本避免与美国的贸易战，其中之一就是“半导体协议”。结果，日本不能从日本向美国出口芯片。因此，日本所有的半导体产业都将技术转移到了台湾（地区）、韩国和中国等周边国家（地区），因为他们的生产技术仍然高度依赖日本的供应。
像超高质量的“氟聚酰亚胺”、“光刻胶”和“氟化氢”，除了日本的内陆工厂外，其他人都无法大规模生产。 因此，日本半导体制造业仍在从台湾（地区）、韩国和中国大陆赚取大量利润。
Japan lost the war to America and is still under their rule.
Of course there were good things, but they were never allowed to surpass America.
日本输掉了对美国的战争，至今仍处于美国的统治之下。
这当然也有好的方面，但他们从未被允许超越美国。
Most semiconductors manufactured in Asia rely on Japanese semiconductor equipment, technology, and materials. In fact, companies like TSMC and Samsung wouldn’t exist without Japan’s contributions.
亚洲制造的大多数半导体都依赖于日本的半导体设备、技术和材料。事实上，如果没有日本的贡献，像台积电和三星这样的公司就不会存在。
As a young hobbyist, I attempted to get into Renesas MCUs and attended a "training course". Their tools were subpar to Freescale, more expensive and trainers had a bit of an uptight attitude. Then Arduino and ARM came, kicking everyone's ass.
作为一个年轻的爱好者，我曾尝试学习瑞萨微控制器并参加了一个“培训课程”。他们的工具不如飞思卡尔，价格更贵，培训师的态度也有些拘谨。然后Arduino和ARM出现了，彻底改变了局面。
The introduction requires a correction:
The Marshall plan was the US aid to Europe after WWII.
The US aid to Japan (and the rest of Asia) was separate from the Marshall Plan.
引言需要更正：
马歇尔计划是美国在二战后对欧洲的援助。
美国对日本（以及亚洲其他地区）的援助与马歇尔计划是分开的。
It really depends on what kind of chips we are talking about. There some of them where japan still holds the keys. It is not always about US. In some of the areas Japanese companies didn’t put an effort into R&D in that field.
这实际上取决于我们谈论的是哪种芯片。在某些领域，日本仍然掌握着关键环节，这并不总是与美国有关。而在某些领域，日本公司并没有在该领域的研发上投入太多精力。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The G7 meet regularly to devide world's manufacturing sectors.
In one of this meetings Japan made a deal which included the phasing out of its chip industry.
七国集团会定期开会以划分全球制造业领域。
在其中一次会议上，日本达成了一项协议，其中包括逐步淘汰其芯片产业。
Its crazy how America is using the same accusations about China. So the issue isnt china or japan but its America being a cry baby cause it cant compete
令人疯狂的是美国对中国使用了同样的指控。所以问题不在于中国或日本，而在于美国因为无法竞争而表现得像个哭闹的孩子。
US was not specifically pinpointed Japan, it has pinpointed any country that comes close to challenge his supremecy. This is human nature, and thats why human never stop fighting each others.
美国并没有特别针对日本，它针对的是所有接近挑战其霸权的国家。这是人类的天性，这也是为什么人类永远不会停止互相争斗。
Japan should rise up again. I think one of their problem is lack of young manpower and they're stuck with old people running everything. With todays standards, old ways doesn't always equals good. Most of the time we need to start from the ground up to make something new.
日本应该再次崛起。我认为他们的问题之一是缺乏年轻劳动力，而且他们被老年人掌控了一切。按照今天的标准，旧的方式并不总是好的。大多数时候，我们需要从头开始创造新事物。
CMOS technology transfer to US also one of the reason Japan's set back. US developed further CMOS technology and was helpful for its processor development. This was eventually captured all the chip market in the world. Japan did not put much efforts on designing CPU for computer and also its software.
CMOS技术向美国的转移也是日本受挫的原因之一。美国进一步发展了CMOS技术，并对其处理器开发有帮助，这最终占据了全球芯片市场。日本在计算机CPU设计及其软件方面并没有投入太多精力。
I always use NEC desktop PC from Japan because it is cheap and High Quality and it last long even when i am using in a welding shop where electricity is connected to a welding machine running everyday. HP Desktop PC did not last long even though it is more faster and have a bigger power source connected to AVR and UPS. Only NEC has the especial Technology device for Current filter in the power Supply.
我一直使用日本NEC的台式电脑，因为它价格便宜、质量高，即使在我每天连接焊接机的焊接车间使用，它也能持久耐用。惠普台式电脑虽然速度更快，并且连接了AVR和UPS的更大电源，但使用寿命不长。只有NEC在电源中配备了特殊的电流过滤技术设备。
Japan and South Korea produce low-tech, mass-produced storage semiconductors, while Taiwan produces customized logic semiconductors, which are entirely different semiconductors from memory.
After Japan withdrew from memory production, South Korea took over. This has nothing to do with Taiwan.
Japan is a big country in storage semiconductors and does not produce logic semiconductors.
After Intel lost memory chips to Japan, it switched to producing CPU logic semiconductors, making Intel the dominant player.
日本和韩国生产低技术、大规模生产的存储半导体，而台湾（地区）生产定制的逻辑半导体，这与存储半导体完全不同。
日本退出存储生产后，韩国接手了，这与台湾（地区）无关。
日本是存储半导体的大国，但不生产逻辑半导体。
英特尔在存储芯片上输给日本后，转而生产CPU逻辑半导体，这使英特尔成为了主导者。
TSMC is not a "fabless" company. Quite the opposite. TSMC is a supplier for "fabless" companies. "Fabless" means that a company altough designs chips, does not produce them because it has no "fab" (the name given to semiconductor manufacturing facilities)
台积电不是“无晶圆厂”公司。恰恰相反，台积电是“无晶圆厂”公司的供应商。“无晶圆厂”意味着公司虽然设计芯片，但不生产芯片，因为它没有“晶圆厂”（半导体制造设施的称呼）。
Did you know that the machines used to make F1 racing engines are all made in Japan, and this is because the quality and precision is beyond perfect. Know this: any product no matter what it is, with the Made in Japan logo is always very high quality!
你知道制造F1赛车发动机的机器都是日本制造的吗？这是因为它们的质量和精度无可挑剔。要知道：任何带有“日本制造”标志的产品，无论是什么，质量都非常高！
Hundreds years ago, China already trade with South East Asia.
But only trade, even China is powerful.
When European came, they colonies right away.
几百年前，中国已经与东南亚进行贸易。
但仅仅是贸易，即使中国很强大。
当欧洲人到来时，他们立即进行了殖民。
The yen is currently very weak, but until recently it was very strong, so it was impossible for Japan to export finished semiconductors due to price competition. Furthermore, Japan made a promise with the US government to keep its trade surplus with the US below $50 billion a year, so the Ministry of International Trade and Industry at the time came up with a method of exporting manufacturing equipment, core parts and core materials to South Korea and Taiwan, and having South Korean, Taiwanese and Chinese companies manufacture semiconductors and electrical appliances, which are then exported to the US. As explained in this video, Japan and the US are world leaders in the world of semiconductor manufacturing equipment, core materials and core parts. The contents of the semiconductor manufacturing equipment of ASML, a Dutch semiconductor equipment manufacturer, are also mostly supplied by Japanese and American manufacturers.
日元目前非常疲软，但直到最近它一直非常强劲，因此由于价格竞争，日本无法出口成品半导体。此外，日本与美国政府达成协议，将与美国每年的贸易顺差保持在500亿美元以下，因此当时的国际贸易和工业部提出了一种方法，向韩国和台湾（地区）出口制造设备、核心部件和核心材料，并由韩国、台湾（地区）和中国公司制造半导体和电器，然后出口到美国。正如视频中所解释的，日本和美国在半导体制造设备、核心材料和核心部件领域处于世界领先地位。荷兰半导体设备制造商ASML的半导体制造设备内容也主要由日本和美国制造商供应。
Friedship with USA will give you a lot of money but you will never get their technology. The Russians atleast give critical technologies to their allies like nucler reactor, rocket technology, jet engine and ship building tech. Better getting that from uncle sam
与美国建立友谊会给你带来很多钱，但你永远不会得到他们的技术。俄罗斯至少会向盟友提供关键技术，如核反应堆、火箭技术、喷气发动机和造船技术。这从美国那里得到这些更好。
Look, if other countries want to succeed in semiconductors, they need to fund R&D. Most of the chip companies overseas are beholden to the US gov because all the tech were pioneered and patented in the USA. Risk in R&D is encouraged in America.
听着，如果其他国家想在半导体领域取得成功，他们需要资助研发。大多数海外芯片公司都受制于美国政府，因为所有技术都是在美国首创并获得专利的。在美国，研发中的风险是受到鼓励的。
While companies specializing in chip design and manufacturing were created in the U.S. and Taiwan, it was the semiconductor divisions of giant electronics companies that were making chips in Japan. Toshiba, in particular, found itself in the strange situation of doing both nuclear power plants and chip development, two completely different areas of the development cycle. As a result, the company was unable to adapt to the fast-changing chip market and declined.
虽然专门从事芯片设计和制造的公司在美国和台湾（地区）成立，但在日本制造芯片的是大型电子公司的半导体部门。尤其是东芝，它发现自己处于同时进行核电站和芯片开发的奇怪境地，这是两个完全不同的开发周期领域。结果，该公司无法适应快速变化的芯片市场并衰落。
I really can't believe Japan avoided their economic collapse with a 260% debt to GDP ratio. Many complain in the US that a national debt heading towards 100% is really unsustainable. I saw many videos saying that Japan can avoid their economic collapse with their ridiculous debt. Well... If my debt to income ratio is around 300%, it would end my marriage to my wife. It is really unsustainable.
我真的无法相信日本以260%的债务与GDP比率避免了经济崩溃。许多人在美国抱怨，国家债务接近100%是不可持续的。我看到许多视频说日本可以通过其荒谬的债务避免经济崩溃。嗯……如果我的债务与收入比率约为300%，那将结束我与妻子的婚姻，因为这真的不可持续。
Anyone observant who has lived in Japan or has worked for a company trying to break into Japan knows how bent they are, even now they make it very difficult for foreign companies to operate here.
任何在日本生活过或为试图进入日本市场的公司工作过的观察者都知道他们有多固执，即使现在他们也让外国公司在这里运营变得非常困难。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
One of the reasons Japan came to dominate DRAM production was because the US companies that did it in the 1970s wanted to focus on higher margin parts like CPUs. Intel was once a major DRAM producer but gave it up due to the low margins. It suited the purposes of companies like Intel to let existing and rising Asian producers have the market for those products. They didn't particularly care if a foreign power monopolized vital portions of a modern computer so long as the lion's share of the profits were going to Intel. The US government didn't see it that way.
日本主导DRAM生产的原因之一是20世纪70年代从事这一行业的美国公司希望专注于像CPU这样的高利润部件。英特尔曾经是主要的DRAM生产商，但由于利润率低而放弃了。对于像英特尔这样的公司来说，让现有的和崛起的亚洲生产商拥有这些产品的市场是合适的。他们并不特别关心外国势力是否垄断了现代计算机的关键部分，只要大部分利润归英特尔所有。而美国政府并不这么看。
Living and breathing in Japan i m here to gv u some more info
The lost decades he didnt elaborate in the video starts with Japan hving a bubble economy, but where did the bubble came from it came from Japan currency being boosted twice its value in less than 5 years thus makes the economy goes crazy ppl at that time all says investing overseas is like 50%off and it all starts with a Plaza covenant, what plaza u will wonder, of course is the New York Plaza Hotel.
USA kills the semiconductor market of Japan and kills the economy at the same time, ppl born beyond that era never saw the country being good and thats one of the reasons y Japanese r the most unhappy ppl on earth.
我在日本生活并呼吸，我在这里给你提供更多信息。
视频中没有详细说明的“失去的几十年”始于日本的泡沫经济，但泡沫从何而来？它来自于日元在不到五年内升值两倍，从而使经济变得疯狂。当时人们都说海外投资就像打五折，这一切都始于广场协议，你可能会问是什么广场，当然是纽约的广场酒店。
美国扼杀了日本的半导体市场，同时也扼杀了其经济，那个时代之后出生的人从未见过国家好过，这也是为什么日本人是地球上最不快乐的人之一。
The fabless model has proved to be disastrous during COVID, semiconductor companies do better when they own control of their own fabs. Also, NEC / Hitachi still exists as Renesas. Renesas is still around and strong today.
无晶圆厂模式在疫情期间被证明是灾难性的，半导体公司在拥有自己的晶圆厂控制权时表现更好。此外，NEC/日立仍然以瑞萨的形式存在，瑞萨今天仍然存在并且很强大。
Problem is, when in 1980 they reached the top - in terms of memories and commercial ICs, they begun competing with the US. This is what doomed them later on, when they couldn't advance the technology all by themselves. The Japanese should have kept a cooperative and collaborative approach with the US since the beginning.
问题是当他们在1980年达到顶峰时——在存储器和商用集成电路方面，他们开始与美国竞争。这就是他们后来注定失败的原因，他们无法独自推进技术。日本人从一开始就应该与美国保持合作和协作的态度。
I used to meet with the CFO of Elpida back in the early to mid 10's on the regular. I almost invested in that company.. but didn't after he told me his own couldn't understand why other Japanese companies were selling all their IP to overseas investors. It was a death trap.
Elpida stayed true to its roots... and they got crushed for it. Nikon almost suffered the same fate.
我曾在2010年代初期到中期定期与尔必达的CFO会面。我差点投资了那家公司……但在他告诉我他自己也无法理解为什么其他日本公司会将其所有知识产权出售给海外投资者后，我没有投资。这是一个死亡陷阱。
尔必达坚持其原创……他们因此被压垮了，尼康几乎遭受了同样的命运。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处