印度如何辜负了受过教育的年轻人

India is the world's fastest growing major economy. Yet, it’s struggling to create jobs for its expanding population. According to research, unemployment for those aged 20 to 24 has risen to over 42%. It’s a key challenge for Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who hopes to achieve developed economy status for the country by 2047.

印度是世界上增长最快的主要经济体。然而，它正在努力为其不断增长的人口创造就业机会。根据研究，20至24岁人群的失业率已上升至42%以上，这是总理纳伦德拉·莫迪面临的一个关键挑战，他希望到2047年使印度成为发达经济体。

@polaris1985
The biggest problem in India is that if you dont find employment within 1 year of graduating you will never find employment because then the next batch of 24 million people come and the companies prefer freshers.

印度最大的问题是如果你在毕业一年内找不到工作，你就永远找不到工作了，因为接下来会有2400万新人进入市场，而公司更喜欢应届生。

@Mehta-18
We are growing on paper but in reality our income is destroyed by inflation. Only politicians and billionaires are developing.

我们在纸面上在增长，但实际上我们的收入被通货膨胀吞噬了，只有政治家和亿万富翁在发展。

@bhaskarjyoti
Job crisis is sky high at the moment and Rich people are only getting rich while the middle class and poor people are suffering.

目前的就业危机非常严重，富人越来越富，而中产阶级和穷人却在受苦。

@luqman4426
And even if you get a job, a large portion of your salary goes to the government as tax. If you question the return on investment of that tax, you're labeled as anti-national by the media, which has been bought with your tax money by the ruling party.

即使你找到工作，你的大部分工资也会作为税收交给政府。如果你质疑这些税收的投资回报，你就会被媒体贴上“反国家”的标签，而这些媒体是被执政党用你的税收钱收买的。

@digitaldeepak21
Encouraging small businesses is the only way to create jobs. But with the current red tape and sky high taxation, it's impossible to run a small business without getting a heart attack at 35.

鼓励小型企业是创造就业的唯一途径，但在当前的繁文缛节和高额税收下，经营一家小企业而不在35岁时心脏病发作是不可能的。

@ProfessorJack_IIM
But according to our ruling party, India faces no employment problem, everyone is happy �� Meanwhile according to World Bank “India may take nearly 75 years just to reach one-quarter of US income per capita” LoL

但根据我们的执政党的说法，印度不存在就业问题，每个人都很开心。与此同时，根据世界银行的说法，“印度可能需要近75年才能达到美国人均收入的四分之一”，哈哈。

@arnabpatra05
The problem in our country is long term planning. Politicians are just working to get votes after five years and are no held accountable at all. Our politicians are people who should be furthest from running the country.

我们国家的问题是缺乏长期规划，政治家们只是在为五年后的选票工作，他们根本不负责任。我们的政治家是最不应该管理国家的人。

@mrNath-tw7fl
The government of India does not seem concerned about developing quality labor. Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Singapore, where the government spends 13 percent of its budget on education infrastructure, while our government spends only 2.5 percent. You can imagine how India will prepare high-quality labor under these circumstances. The current government's only concern is how to stay in power, with no interest in the country's development.

印度政府似乎并不关心培养高质量的劳动力。最近，总理纳伦德拉·莫迪访问了新加坡，该国政府将13%的预算用于教育基础设施，而我们的政府只花费2.5%。你可以想象印度在这种情况下如何培养高质量的劳动力。当前政府唯一关心的是如何保住权力，他们对国家的发展毫无兴趣。

@ankitpainuly5998
It's really sad to see so many of us having to leave our homes, our state, and even our country just to find a job. Sometimes I feel like it's a curse to be Indian.

看到我们这么多人不得不离开家、离开邦，甚至离开国家只是为了找到一份工作真是令人难过，有时我觉得成为印度人是一种诅咒。

@kovurudamodarreddy3454
Bloomberg should play this video at film festivals so that the Indian govt will feel enough embarrassment and try to bring new methods in the education system.

彭博社应该在电影节上播放这段视频，这样印度政府会感到足够的尴尬并尝试在教育系统中引入新方法。

@thetruthseeker5307
India is one of the most unfortunate countries in the world because of one of the most corrupted and uneducated politicians with no insight at all. They just fight between each other and make public statements against each other. We seriously need a political reform and independence from the current political leadership/system.

印度是世界上最不幸的国家之一，因为它拥有最腐败和无知的政客，他们毫无洞察力，他们只是互相争斗并公开互相攻击。我们迫切需要政治改革，摆脱当前的政治领导/体制。

@rb9805
No matter which party you support, the truth is Indian politics is really really bad and is one of the big reasons for this condition in our country today.

无论你支持哪个政党，事实是印度政治非常糟糕，这是我们国家今天这种状况的主要原因之一。

@ABHYUDAYSARKAR
As an Indian who struggled with employment, it is not easy. Too many people, too few jobs. Companies pay peanuts and expect you to work 12 hours. Getting out is the only option in this country.

作为一个在就业中挣扎的印度人，这并不容易。人太多，工作太少。公司支付微薄的薪水，却期望你工作12小时。离开这个国家是唯一的出路。

@InnetTV
China has proved you can run a country smoothly even with such a large population. If India doesn't, that's definitely the fault of the government and private sector both.

中国已经证明即使人口如此庞大，也可以顺利管理一个国家。如果印度做不到，那绝对是政府和私营部门的错。

@Maurya_Empire-y9b
People of America, rich in Middle East countries, Europe, East Asians (except North Korea), whenever you feel low or depressed, just remind yourself that you already have passed 80% of the obstacles in life by just being born in these countries and aren't born in India, Pakistan, or Bangladesh, and be grateful for it.

美国人、中东富国、欧洲人、东亚人（除了朝鲜），每当你感到低落或沮丧时，只需提醒自己，你出生在这些国家（而不是出生在印度、巴基斯坦或孟加拉国）就已经克服了生活中80%的障碍并为此感到感激。

@Luce819
It is apparently so bad that 80% of my applicants are Indian looking for a remote job. I live in Germany and do not offer a remote job; they apply anyway. The CVs are usually so filled with anything that they apparently can get a hold of. So many certificates of literally everything are listed under skills, and it overwhelms me.

显然情况非常糟糕，80%的申请者是印度人，他们在寻找远程工作。我生活在德国，不提供远程工作，但他们还是申请了。他们的简历通常充满了他们能拿出的一切东西，几乎所有东西的证书都列在技能下，这让我不知所措。

@Backpackglobalvlogs
Indian here living in New Zealand: I left India in 2019 and now happily living in New Zealand because here basic human needs and infrastructure are strong enough, and control on population is balanced in NZ. Unfortunately, after gaining independence in 1947, India’s policymakers or politicians didn’t improve basic human needs like jobs, housing, education, healthcare. Yes, India is diverse and big enough, but solving these problems is a huge challenge. Moreover, the average income of rural residents could be as low as $10 per month. I just hope politicians now come out from reality and stop giving attention only to voters but take India to compete with future challenges.

我是生活在新西兰的印度人：我于2019年离开印度，现在幸福地生活在新西兰，因为这里的基本人类需求和基础设施足够强大，人口控制也很平衡。不幸的是1947年独立后，印度的政策制定者或政客们没有改善就业、住房、教育、医疗等基本人类需求。是的，印度是多样化和庞大的，但解决这些问题是一个巨大的挑战。此外，农村居民的平均收入可能低至每月10美元。我只希望政客们现在能面对现实，不再只关注选民，而是带领印度应对未来的挑战。

@sivanandkashyap5893
3:32 is one of the most important points. My dad was an ECE graduate back in 1997. He looked at my college's syllabus and said, "Boy, they are still teaching this to you?" Colleges these days think the bare minimum knowledge on a subject is sufficient for students to enter the industry. The thing is, the bare minimum has changed a lot in 20 years.

3:32是最重要的点之一。我父亲是1997年的电子与通信工程毕业生，他看了我大学的课程大纲，说：“孩子，他们还在教你这些东西？”如今的大学认为一门学科的最低限度知识足以让学生进入行业。问题是20年来，最低限度已经发生了很大变化。

@bravosierra2447
It’s not just India. My associate runs an engineering firm. It advertised for engineers, and about a hundred applicants of Indian nationality applied. Some of them were recruited, but none of them passed the probation period. Their skill set was not commensurate to what they had listed on their applications.

不仅仅是印度。我的合伙人经营一家工程公司，他们招聘工程师，大约有一百名印度国籍的申请者申请。其中一些人被录用了，但没有一个通过试用期，因为他们的技能与他们在申请中列出的内容不符。

@samirpadhan3701
I run a startup, and every time I post a job offer, I get bombarded with low/no-skilled candidates. They expect 25k to 30k per month. I am not an idiot to hire these people and pay them high salaries.

我经营一家初创公司，每次发布招聘信息时，我都会收到大量低技能或无技能候选人的申请，他们期望每月25k到30k。我不是傻瓜，不会雇佣这些人并支付高薪。

@Maurya_Empire-y9b
Regretting being born in India. Not only is it largely poor, but the thing that makes me really upset is it's terribly divided into various castes—not only Hindu but Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, Sikh too. At least abolish this caste system. This was the main reason why this land was very easy to invade and colonize.

我后悔出生在印度。印度不仅大部分地区贫穷，真正让我沮丧的是它被严重划分为各种种姓——不仅是印度教，还有穆斯林、基督教、佛教、锡克教。印度至少应该废除这种种姓制度，因为这是这片土地容易被入侵和殖民的主要原因。

@blackhorseteck8381
India could have been neck and neck with China, but the caste system, nepotism, lack of foresight, the absent birth regulation, and the lack of discipline from the population drove it to where it is now. They need to address these issues to take off.

印度本可以与中国并驾齐驱，但种姓制度、裙带关系、缺乏远见、没有生育控制以及民众缺乏纪律性导致它走到了今天的地步，他们需要解决这些问题才能起飞。

@clove2947
The first thing is that India should telecast the contestants running for the prime minister post on debates on television. That will solve half of the problems primarily. Because an illiterate won't stand a chance against a literate! The contestants should talk about what they will do if they come to power. If they are playing religion and caste cards, throw their ideologies away from your mind and give a chance to the genuine one.

首先，印度应该在电视上直播竞选总理职位的候选人的辩论，这将主要解决一半的问题，因为文盲无法与有文化的人竞争！候选人应该谈论他们上台后会做什么。如果他们打宗教和种姓牌，就把他们的意识形态从你的脑海中抛开，给真正的人一个机会。

@sreeramngr
Bloomberg is wrong about Indian women's workforce being low. Women in India or any other country are not willing to settle for small jobs unless their survival is a disaster.

彭博社关于印度女性劳动力低的说法是错误的，印度或任何其他国家的女性都不愿意接受低微的工作，除非她们的生存面临灾难。

@Infinity_000_0
In India, neither the government nor the opposition talks about education reforms, which are the main reason behind it. Students are still taught old syllabus, which is outdated and of no use in the industry today.

在印度，无论是政府还是反对派都没有谈论教育改革，这是问题的根本原因。学生们仍然在学习过时的课程大纲，这些大纲在今天已经过时，对行业毫无用处。

@saureld2229
One major issue is India never truly industrialized. There was a golden opportunity in the 70s and 80s where India could have opened up, removed red tape and bureaucracy, and made it easier for industry, but the govt's back then were on socialist fantasies. The economy opened up in 91 when this opportunity had passed, and it was done only because the IMF asked India to do it to avoid going bankrupt. But still, so much bureaucracy remains, and it obviously leads to corruption. If you have to get signatures from 100 officials who make you run around to set up something, it discourages people from setting up shop.

一个主要问题是印度从未真正实现工业化。上世纪70年代和80年代有一个黄金机会，印度可以开放，消除繁文缛节和官僚主义，使工业更容易发展，但当时的政府沉迷于社会主义幻想。印度经济在1991年开放，当时这个机会已经过去，而且只是因为国际货币基金组织要求印度这样做以避免破产。但官僚主义仍然存在，显然这导致了腐败。如果你必须从100个官员那里获得签名，他们让你四处奔波才能设立某样东西，这会阻碍人们开店。

@raja2utube
I am from AP. Here we have a huge labor shortage for handyman jobs like plumber, painter, carpenter, electrician, AC repair, mechanic, etc. It seems like it's easy to get an IT guy for 15k/month, but it's very tough to get a plumber, painter, carpenter, electrician, AC repair, etc., not less than 1000-1200/day. Therefore, my suggestion to unemployed youth is to learn these handyman jobs and become professionals in that area. If you are pro, then you can make 30,000/month easily in your local places. Please don't stick to your diploma/engineering degrees and wait forever.
I recently visited Europe and the USA; there, people with college degrees do handyman jobs and feel proud of their work with dignity of labor. I see most of the Muslims are learning and settling their lives easily, but Hindus are feeling shy to enter. My barber is a Muslim boy. Muslims feel proud about their work. I think Hindu parents need to change their mindset and encourage their kids to be independent at least by the time they turn 21 years old.

我来自安得拉邦，我们这里非常缺乏水管工、油漆工、木匠、电工、空调维修工、机械工等手工艺工作。似乎很容易找到每月15000卢比的IT人员，但很难找到水管工、油漆工、木匠、电工、空调维修工等，他们每天的收入不少于1000-1200卢比。因此，我对失业青年的建议是学习这些手工艺并成为该领域的专业人士。如果你是专业人士，那么你可以在当地轻松赚取30000卢比/月。请不要坚持你的文凭/工程学位并永远等待。
我最近访问了欧洲和美国；在那里，拥有大学学位的人从事手工艺工作并为自己的工作感到自豪，他们尊重劳动。我看到大多数穆斯林正在学习并轻松安顿生活，但印度教徒却羞于进入。我的理发师是一个穆斯林男孩，穆斯林对他们的工作感到自豪。我认为印度教父母需要改变他们的心态并鼓励他们的孩子至少在21岁时独立。

@catinbootsnow4267
My 2 cents. I think the biggest difference between the two countries is people's mindset. Through so many ups and downs, Chinese people, especially the Chinese leaders, are accustomed to facing big challenges and difficulties, and even eagerly looking forward to revolutionary changes and disruptive reforms. Meanwhile, in India, national independence was earned through non-violent and non-cooperation movements; changes are usually happening in a more gradual, slow, and passive way because India hasn't faced big crises, violent revolutions, and radical reforms in its recent history. People rarely want to get out of their comfort zone because they don't have to. The mindset of the Indian people is more about opportunistic thinking than strategic thinking, and too much diversity, conflicting interests, and chaotic democracy lead to low efficiency and shortsighted (sometimes self-defeating) decisions.

我的一点浅见。我认为两国之间最大的区别是人们的思维方式。经过如此多的起伏，中国人，尤其是中国高层，习惯于面对巨大的挑战和困难，甚至渴望革命性的变化和颠覆性的改革。与此同时，在印度，国家独立是通过非暴力和不合作运动获得的，变化通常以更渐进、缓慢和被动的方式发生，因为印度在近代历史上没有面临重大危机、暴力革命和激进改革。人们很少想走出舒适区，因为他们不必这样做。印度人的思维方式更倾向于机会主义思维而不是战略思维，过多的多样性、利益冲突和混乱的民主导致低效率和短视（有时是自毁）的决策。

@Kwippy
Most of the India-educated youths are yearning to leave India altogether. The brighter the mind, the more desperate they are to leave. They can see through India's Hindu nationalism. The BJP is regressing India into medi times.

大多数在印度受过教育的青年都渴望彻底离开印度。头脑越聪明，他们就越迫切地想要离开。他们看透了印度的印度教民族主义，印度人民党正在将印度倒退到中世纪。

@Gtfbijg67
Yet IMF & World Bank keep declaring India is the fastest-growing economy in the world. Where is the growth coming from? These figures are overblown because India has implemented neoliberal policies that focus on finance and services and not manufacturing.

然而，国际货币基金组织和世界银行不断宣布印度是世界上增长最快的经济体，增长从何而来？这些数字被夸大了，因为印度实施了以金融和服务而不是制造业为重点的新自由主义政策。

@azraelwai
Most of the youths here have a doomer life. Tired of unemployment, uneven wealth distribution, corruption, and a lot more. Deep down, everyone has a feeling of just leaving and settling somewhere else. And that's really heartbreaking.

这里的大多数青年过着绝望的生活，他们厌倦了失业、财富分配不均、腐败等等。在内心深处，每个人都有一种离开并在其他地方定居的感觉，这真是令人心碎。

@sreeks576
We have failed as a nation. No meritocracy, reservations all around, no manufacturing jobs, no skilled workforce, rampant corruption all around, entitlement mindset, no control over population, poor infrastructure, poorer education, AI and automation age looming. Seems like very bleak prospects for this country in the coming decades. The rich will become richer. The poor and middle class will become poorer. Instead of becoming a developed country by 2047, India will become poorer than what we are now. No future for the educated in this country.

我们作为一个国家已经失败了。没有精英制度，到处都是保留制度，没有制造业工作，没有熟练的劳动力，腐败猖獗，权利心态，无法控制人口，基础设施差，教育更差，人工智能和自动化时代即将到来。未来几十年，这个国家的前景似乎非常黯淡。富人将变得更富，穷人和中产阶级将变得更穷。到2047年，印度不仅不会成为发达国家，反而会比现在更穷。这个国家的受过教育的人没有未来。

@saurabhsarraf6771
Politicians have failed india. I am a small retail shop owner and trust me economy is currently in bad phase and small retail business are loosing business due to unleveled competion in market. Current, past and any upcoming government is least interested in middle class. For poor citizens- plenty of subsidies, For Rich plentiful of exemptions and tax rebates while middle class-nothing. From 7 to 8 years this government have failed to focus on consumption. Owing a house is out of pocket for middle class. Transportation and traffic congestion in cities are aggravated the condition badly. On top of that air pollution has made India unlivable.

政客们辜负了印度。我是一家小型零售店的店主，相信我，目前经济状况不佳，由于市场的不公平竞争，小型零售业务正在失去生意。当前、过去和任何未来的政府对中产阶级最不感兴趣。对贫困公民——大量补贴，对富人——大量免税和税收减免，而对中产阶级——什么都没有。过去7到8年，这届政府未能关注消费问题。买房对中产阶级来说已经负担不起。城市的交通和拥堵严重恶化了情况。除此之外，空气污染使印度变得不宜居。

@albertjoseph4604
India's population is 1.44 billion, while the total population of whole Europe, with more than 45 countries, is about 740 million. Total population of whole Africa is 1.2 billion people with 50+ countries. Only other country with billion plus population is China. However compared to India, China is a highly homogeneous country with 90% Han Chinese population and 80% of the population speaks the same language, Mandarin Chinese. The most spoken language in India is Hindi, spoken by only 48% of the population, and this includes dialects like haryanvi, Bhojpuri. Standard Hindi is spoken by only 27% of the population. India is subcontinent functioning as a country and hard to govern in effective manner.

印度的人口为14.4亿，而整个欧洲（包括45多个国家）的总人口约为7.4亿。整个非洲的总人口为12亿，分布在50多个国家。另一个拥有超过10亿人口的国家是中国。然而，与印度相比，中国是一个高度同质化的国家，90%的人口是汉族，80%的人口使用同一种语言——普通话。印度最常用的语言是印地语，只有48%的人口使用，其中还包括哈里亚纳语、博杰普尔语等方言，标准印地语只有27%的人口使用。印度是一个作为国家运作的次大陆，它难以进行有效的治理。

@Change-xp2ts
India needs to create jobs, attract foreign investments, etc. Your foreign minister instead of trying to lure foreign investors into the country, goes round the world trying to project to the world that India is a super power!

印度需要创造就业机会，吸引外国投资等。你们的外交部长没有努力吸引外国投资者进入印度，反而在世界各地奔走，试图向世界展示印度是一个超级大国！