什么是“弹劾总统”？

Gaurav Upadhyay
Article 61 of the “Constitution of India” gives the procedures for the Impeachment of President.
According to the “Constitution Of India” :- Removal process of president for the violation of constitution is termed as “IMPEACHMENT”.But there is a difference between REMOVAL & IMPEACHMENT, in our constitution the impeachment word is used only for the removal of president while removal is used for the other government's authorities like judges of the courts etc.

《印度宪法》第61条详细规定了弹劾总理的程序。根据《印度宪法》，总理因违反宪法而被罢免的程序被称为“弹劾”。然而，在我们的宪法中，“罢免”和“弹劾”这两个词是有区别的。“弹劾”一词专指总统的罢免程序，而“罢免”则用于其他政府官员，比如法院的法官等。

According to the term of President’s office as mentioned in the Constitution of India- The Honourable President of India holds office for a term of 5 years from the date on which he takes upon his office. Still he can resign from his office at any time by addressing the resignation letter to the Honourable Vice- President.Further he can also be removed by the process of IMPEACHMENT.
The President can be removed from office by a process of IMPEACHMENT for the violation of the Constitution of India.However the Constitution doesn't define the meaning of phrase “ Violation of the Constitution”.
The IMPEACHMENT is a “QUASI JUDICIAL PROCEDURE in the PARLIAMENT ”

根据《印度宪法》中关于总理任期的规定，尊敬的印度总理的任期为五年，从他就职之日起算。尽管如此，总理可以随时通过向尊敬的副总理提交辞职信来辞职。此外，总理也可以通过弹劾程序被免职。
总理因违反《印度宪法》可以通过弹劾程序被免职。然而，宪法并没有明确“违反宪法”这一术语的具体含义。
弹劾是一种议会中的准司法程序。、

The impeachment charges can be initiated by either HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT.These charges should be signed by 1/4 (one fourth) of the house (that frxd the charges) and a notice of 14 days should be given to the President.
After the impeachment resolution is passed by a majority of two-thirds(2/3) of the total membership of that respective house, it is sent to the other house, which should investigate the charges.
The President has the right to appear and to be represented at such investigation.
If the other house also sustains the charges and passes the impeachment resolution by a majority of two-thirds of the total membership, then the standing President removed from his office from the date on which the resolution is so passed.

弹劾程序可以由议会的任何一个院（上议院或下议院）启动。提出弹劾指控时，需要该院四分之一的成员签名，并且必须提前14天通知总理。
一旦弹劾决议在该院以总成员数的三分之二（2/3）多数通过，该决议将被送交另一院进行调查。
总理有权在调查过程中亲自出席或由代表出庭。
如果另一院也支持这些指控，并且以总成员数的三分之二多数票通过弹劾决议，那么现任总理将从决议通过之日起被解除职务。

Jack Levey
What does the impeachment mean for Trump?
A distraction from doing his job, and, I would imagine, confirmation that the Democratic Party will not cooperate with him on anything, nor will the press report on him in a good faith manner, no matter what the stakes for the country. And if I may speculate further, little incentive to tone down his behavior or rhetoric since they are going to come after him no matter what.

弹劾对特朗普意味着什么？
这意味着他可能会从本职工作中分心，而且我推测，这可能证实了民主党不会在任何事务上与他合作，媒体也不会以公正的态度报道他，不论这对国家有多关键。如果我可以进一步推测，他也没有什么动机去减轻他的行为或言辞的激烈程度，因为他们无论如何都会对他发起攻击。

David Mullich
What does impeachment mean for a president?
Impeachment for a US President means that the House of Representatives has by a majority vote passed articles of impeachment charging the president with “high crimes and misdemeanors.” There is no official definition of what misconduct qualifies as “high crimes and misdemeanors”, so it is whatever misconduct that House decides to be serious enough to merit impeachment. Most likely, the President will experience an immediate dip in his or her approval rating.
Once impeached, the president is tried by the Senate. If the president is found guilty of the charges by a two-thirds majority of the senators present, the president is removed from office. Otherwise, the president resumes his or her duties with no consequences other than a blot on the president’s historical record.


弹劾对一位总统意味着什么？
对于美国总统而言，弹劾意味着众议院以多数票通过了弹劾条款，指控总统犯有“重罪和轻罪”。并没有官方定义哪些不当行为构成“重罪和轻罪”，因此这完全取决于众议院如何判断哪些不当行为严重到足以启动弹劾程序。通常情况下，总统的支持率会因此而急剧下降。
一旦总统被弹劾，将由参议院进行审判。如果在场参议员的三分之二多数认定总统有罪，总统将被免职。否则，除了在总统的历史记录上留下污点之外，不会有任何后果。

Declarations of Truth
What does impeachment do to a president?
Impeachment by itself means a trial in the Senate.
Judgment in impeachment cases can mean anything up to removal from office and prohibition against holding that or any other office of honor, trust or profit under the United States. See Article I, Section 3, Clauses 6 and 7.
A President so removed loses the privileges and immunities of the office. See again Article I, Section 3, Clause 7.

弹劾对总统有何影响？
弹劾本身意味着总统将在参议院接受审判。
在弹劾案件中，判决结果可能从轻到重不等，最严重的情况可以导致被弹劾者被免职，并且被禁止担任美国任何荣誉性、信任性或有薪酬的公职。相关内容详见美国宪法第一条，第三款，第六和第七条款。
一旦总统被解除职务，他将失去与总统职位相关的特权和豁免权。这一点同样可以在宪法第一条，第三款，第7条款中找到。

Scott Weaver
What does impeachment do to a president?
Article One of the United States Constitution gives the House of Representatives the sole power of impeachment and the Senate the sole power to try impeachments of officers of the U.S. federal government. (Various state constitutions include similar measures, allowing the state legislature to impeach the governor or other officials of the state government.) In contrast to the British system, in the United States impeachment is only the first of two stages, and conviction during the second stage requires "the concurrence of two thirds of the members present".

弹劾对总统意味着什么？
美国宪法第一条赋予众议院弹劾总统的专属权力，而参议院则有专属权力审理弹劾案，对象包括美国联邦政府的官员。（各州宪法也有类似的规定，允许州立法机构弹劾州长或其他州政府官员。）与英国制度不同的是，在美国，弹劾只是两个阶段中的第一阶段，第二阶段的定罪需要“三分之二出席议员的同意”。

Impeachment does not necessarily result in removal from office; it is only a legal statement of charges, parallel to an indictment in criminal law. An official who is impeached faces a second legislative vote (whether by the same body or another), which determines conviction, or failure to convict, on the charges embodied by the impeachment. Most constitutions require a supermajority to convict. Although the subject of the charge is criminal action, it does not constitute a criminal trial; the only question under consideration is the removal of the individual from office, and the possibilities of a subsequent vote preventing the removed official from ever again holding political office in the jurisdiction where he or she was removed.

弹劾并不必然导致官员被免职；它仅仅是一种法律上的指控声明，与刑事法律中的起诉书类似。被弹劾的官员将面临第二次立法投票（可能是由同一立法机构或另一个立法机构进行），这次投票将决定是否根据弹劾中的指控判定该官员有罪或无罪。大多数宪法规定，定罪需要获得超半数的票。尽管弹劾涉及的是犯罪行为，但它并不等同于刑事审判；审议的唯一问题是是否将该官员从其职位上移除，以及是否可能通过后续投票阻止被免职官员在他们被免职的管辖区域内再次担任任何政治职务。

Ken Robley
What will the impeachment of a president do?
If the Senate votes to remove and convict, Trump will be removed from office, the legal process will run its course, and Pence will become president.
If the Senate does not vote to remove and convict, it is not much more than a formal reprimand and not that much would change.

弹劾总统会带来什么影响？
如果参议院投票决定罢免并判定有罪，特朗普将被解除总统职务，随后法律程序将走完其过程，而彭斯将继任成为总统。
如果参议院不投票决定罢免并判定有罪，那么弹劾实际上只是一次形式上的谴责，不会带来太大的变化。

Alan Smith
What does impeachment mean for a president?
Impeachment is merely to brought up on charges.
In general, judging from the Clinton affair, it is rather shameful but ultimately is something you can walk away from intact. He was one of the only Presidents (Andrew Johnson was also brought up for impeachment) to be impeached and he’s still a notable political figure to this day.
Successful conviction at an impeachment would be complete and utter political death, which is probably why Richard Nixon abdicated the throne rather than wait for his impeachment to occur and then carry through to conviction.

弹劾对总统意味着什么？
弹劾仅仅是被提出指控而已。
总体来看，以克林顿事件为例，虽然这相当令人尴尬，但最终是可以安然度过的。他是少数几位被弹劾但仍保持政治影响力的总统之一（安德鲁·约翰逊也因弹劾被提出过指控），至今他仍然是一个显著的政治人物。
在弹劾中被成功定罪则意味着彻底的政治死亡，这可能就是理查德·尼克松选择辞职，而不是等待弹劾程序发生并最终被定罪的原因。

Chupa Rustam
Removal of President is simply called Impeachment. In India, President can only be removed on two grounds, either Incompetency or Proved Misbehavior, which is a very difficult process (No President in India till this date have been Impeached) .
Even many other constitutional post holders and Supreme Court Judges, etc are removed by this very procedure. If you want a detailed answer that you may find under the question “How is President Impeached” or something like this.

总统的免职程序通常称为弹劾。在印度，总理只能在两种情况下被免职：无能力或已被证实的不当行为，这是一个非常复杂的过程（迄今为止，印度还没有总统经历过弹劾）。
包括许多其他宪法职位的官员和最高法院的法官在内的人员，都是通过这一程序被解除职务的。如果你想要一个更详尽的答案，你可以在类似“总统如何被弹劾”的问题下寻找相关信息。

Al Evangelista
What does it mean if the House impeaches the president?
This question has been answered on Quora numerous times, but I’ll try one more time.
Think of impeachment as if a person is charged with a crime. The police gather the evidence to prove the crime, and the District Attorney’s office puts the evidence together, determines that the police have in fact developed the evidence to prove the crime—or even other charges can be developed. The District Attorney brings the accused, and the evidence, to a court before a judge.

如果众议院弹劾总统意味着什么？
这个问题在Quora上已经被多次讨论，但我还是再解释一遍。
可以把弹劾想象成一个人被控告犯罪。警察负责收集证据来证明犯罪事实，地方检察官办公室则整合这些证据，判断警察是否确实已经收集到足够的证据来证明犯罪——或者是否能够提出其他指控。地方检察官随后将被告和相关证据带到法庭，交由法官审理。

The judge reads the charges and the evidence, and either agrees that the minimal requirement are met to go to trial, or the judge throws the case out.
I’ll just talk about the charges going forward to trial. At this point a jury is sexted and the accused goes on trial. After all the evidence is given, and the prosecutor and defense attorney make their pleas to the jury, the jury decides the accused’s guilt or innocence.

法官会审阅指控和证据，然后决定是否满足最低的审判要求，如果满足，案件就会继续进行；如果不满足，法官可能会驳回案件。
我只想讨论案件继续进行到审判阶段的情况。在这个阶段，会选出陪审团，被告将接受审判。在所有证据呈现完毕后，检察官和辩护律师分别向陪审团陈述他们的观点，之后陪审团将决定被告是否有罪。

Think of impeachment as similar to that:
The House of Representatives has the constitutional authority to develop an impeachment. The House determines that there is a reason to charge, in this case, the president, with a crime the House believes is impeachable. The House then does the required interviews of witnesses to the crime and gather any documents that prove the president’s guilt.

将弹劾想象成这样一个过程：
众议院根据宪法拥有发起弹劾的权力。众议院认定存在理由对某人，即总统，提出指控，他们认为总统犯下了可以被弹劾的罪行。随后，众议院会进行必要的证人访谈，并收集所有能够证明总统有罪的文件。

The House judiciary committee then takes that evidence, puts it into a logical order to prove what they think is the president’s guilt, and, finally, takes the case to the senate—where the trial will take place.
The senate majority leader looks at the evidence and determines whether the case will actually be brought to trial. If brought to trial, in the case of a president, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court becomes the presiding judge, and the entire senate is the jury.
So! After all of that, it boils down to the House is the police department, and the District Attorney, wrapped in one. The house is required to develop all the evidence and put that evidence into a logical case against the president.

然后，众议院司法委员会收集这些证据，将其整理成合乎逻辑的顺序，以证明他们认为总统有罪，最后，将案件提交参议院，在那里进行审判。
参议院的多数党领袖会审查这些证据，并决定是否真正将案件带入审判程序。如果决定进行审判，对于总统的案件，最高法院的首席大法官将担任主审法官，而整个参议院则担任陪审团的角色。
因此，归根结底，众议院的角色相当于警察局和地方检察官的结合体。众议院有责任搜集所有证据，并将这些证据编织成一个合理的案件来对抗总统。

The senate listens to the witnesses, and the House Impeachment Manager’s presentation of all the documentary evidence. Then the Senate listens to the president’s defense witnesses and any documentation they have.
Following this, the House impeachment managers give their concluding arguments followed by the defense’s concluding arguments. After this, the senate vote’s on the guilt or innocence of the president in relation to the charges.
I hope I answered this question completely. If anyone else out there can think of something better, give it a shot.

参议院听取了证人的证词，众议院弹劾负责人提交了所有书面证据。然后参议院听取总统的辩护证人和他们所拥有的文件资料。
随后，众议院弹劾案负责人进行结论性陈述，随后是辩方的结论性陈述。这些程序结束后，参议院将就总统是否对这些指控有罪或无罪进行投票。
我希望我已经全面回答了这个问题。如果有人能想到更好的答案，欢迎尝试。

William Walls
What will the impeachment of a president do?
The House of Representatives voting to impeach a President is roughly similar to a grand jury in a criminal case voting in favor of indictment.

弹劾总统意味着什么？
众议院对总统的弹劾投票，大致相当于刑事案件中大陪审团投票决定起诉。

When a grand jury votes to indict, it's because the members of the grand jury, after perusing the evidence the state has discovered, believes that the state's case is strong enough to warrant an actual trial. The case is then sent to a criminal court and assigned to another judge for trial. At this trial, the new judge presides over the hearing; after all the evidence has been presented, the judge will render a verdict (in a bench trial), or the verdict will be rendered by a jury (jury trial). If the verdict is guilty, the judge will then impose a sentence (alternatively, the sentencing may be slated for a subsequent hearing). If not found guilty, the defendant is free to go

当大陪审团投票决定起诉，这意味着陪审团成员在审阅了州政府提供的证据后，相信州方的案情足够充分，需要进行正式的审判。案件随后被移交至刑事法院，并由另一位法官接手进行审判。在这次审判中，新法官将主持听证；所有证据呈递完毕后，如果是法官审判，法官将作出裁决；如果是陪审团审判，则裁决由陪审团作出。如果裁决为有罪，法官将宣布刑罚（或者，刑罚宣判可能会安排在另一次听证会上）。如果没有被判有罪，被告则可以获释。

Assuming no political agenda is present, when the House of Representatives holds impeachment hearings and peruses all the evidence available to the Congress, it proceeds much like a grand jury investigation. If, at the conclusion of the impeachment hearings, the House decides that sufficient evidence exists to warrant removal from office, it lays out its findings as Articles of Impeachment, the government official is considered to be “impeached,” and the impeachment case is sent to the Senate for the actual Impeachment trial.

如果没有政治动机，当众议院举行弹劾听证会并审阅所有可获取的证据时，这个过程与大陪审团的调查类似。如果在弹劾听证会结束后，众议院认为有足够的证据支持解除职务，它会将这些发现整理成弹劾条款。此时，该政府官员被认为是“遭到弹劾”，并且弹劾案件将被送往参议院进行实际的弹劾审判。

The impeachment trial in the Senate is roughly similar to a trial in a criminal court. The Senate now conducts the impeachment trial, guided by the Articles of Impeachment provided by the House. If, at the conclusion of this trial, the Senate finds the Articles of Impeachment to be valid, the impeached official is then removed from office. If the Senate is unable to determine that the Articles of Impeachment are valid, then the impeached official is not removed from office.

参议院的弹劾审判与刑事法庭的审判颇为相似。参议院根据众议院提出的弹劾条款进行审判。如果在审判结束时，参议院认定这些弹劾条款成立，那么被弹劾的官员将被免职。如果参议院无法确定这些弹劾条款的合法性，那么被弹劾的官员将保留其职位。

A final note: while this process roughly mimics the process used in criminal cases, an official who is removed from office in this way may not necessarily be guilty of a crime. But if criminal activity attached to the impeached official is discovered during an impeachment, this may result in criminal charges being brought by a state or federal criminal court and those processes would proceed as normal.

需要指出的是：尽管这一流程大致上模仿了刑事案件的处理程序，但通过这种方式被免职的官员并不一定意味着他们犯了罪。然而，如果在弹劾过程中发现了与被弹劾官员相关的犯罪行为，这可能会导致州或联邦刑事法院提出刑事指控，并且这些诉讼程序将按照常规进行。

Krishna Chaitanya
Our constitution prepared from various sources,impeachment of president is nothing but removing president,which is taken from us constitution,head of the the nation cant be removed just like that..to remove him special procedure is required..this special process is known as impeachment.

我们的宪法综合了多种来源，弹劾总统本质上是解除总统职务，这一点效仿了美国宪法。国家元首不能被轻易免职。要解除其职务，必须遵循一项特别的程序，这个程序就被称为弹劾。

Safdar Khan
President of India can be removed by Impeachment by Parliament. 2/3rd members of both the houses present and voting in favour of the motion of impeachment. Till now ,no President in India has been impeached…

印度总理可以通过议会的弹劾程序被罢免。这需要在两院中，有至少三分之二的出席议员投票支持弹劾提案。至今为止，印度还没有总理经历过弹劾。