为什么美国允许奴隶制?

 
Stephen Saintonge
Why did America accept slavery?
Because the American colonies, and the later U.S.A., was composed of human beings.
Slavery has occurred in every society known that was in a position to hold slaves, from pre-history to medi Europe. Christianity gradually killed slavery in Europe, but the discovery of the New World gave it a big opportunity to get going again.
Xenophobia is also universal in all known human societies. “Other, therefore lesser” is everyone’s natural attitude.
 
为什么美国曾经接受奴隶制？
因为美洲殖民地，以及后来的美国，都是由人类组成的。
从史前时期到中世纪的欧洲，在所有有能力并且实际上拥有过奴隶的社会中，都发生过奴隶制。基督教逐步在欧洲废除了奴隶制，但新大陆的发现又给了它再次兴起的机会。
在所有已知的人类社会中，排外心理同样普遍存在。“他人即低等”是人们天生就有的心态。
 
Even so, note that the first slaves sold in colonial Virginia were treated as indentured servants, and freed when their term of labor was over. But once Virginia and other colonies started buying them, more were brought in, and one day the southern colonists realized they were going to be inundated by freed Africans if they kept freeing them, and deprived of cheap labor if they stopped buying them. So they did the morally indefensible and very human thing, and turned them into slaves for life, and made the children of slave mothers slaves for life automatically.
“Gradually it was disclosed to me that the line separating good and evil passes not through states, nor between classes, nor between political parties either - but right through every human heart - and through all human hearts.”—Alexandr Solzhenitsyn in The Gulag Archipelago.
 
即便如此，值得注意的是，最初在殖民地弗吉尼亚出售的奴隶实际上是作为契约劳工使用的，等他们的劳工期满后就可以获得自由。但随着弗吉尼亚和其他殖民地开始大规模购买奴隶，更多的奴隶被运了进来。后来，南部殖民者意识到，如果继续释放这些奴隶，最终充斥着大量获得自由的非洲人；而如果停止购买奴隶，他们又会失去廉价劳动力。于是，他们做了道德上无法辩护却符合人性的选择——将这些奴隶变为终身奴隶，并规定奴隶母亲所生的孩子也自动成为终身奴隶。
我逐渐发现,善与恶的界限并不在国家与国家之间、阶级与阶级之间、政党与政党之间,而是在每一个人的心中穿过,在一切人的心中穿过。"——《古拉格群岛》索尔仁尼琴。
 
Anders Wahlberg
Why did America accept slavery?
The North American colonies really needed labour resources to produce their products and to be viable.
Slavery, as such, had pretty much died out in Europe in early medi times (about 1000AD) replaced by serfdom which carried on in various ways until the black death reduced numbers of labourers and it was realised that labour had a “market value”.
The American colonies were funded and formed to produce agricultural products which were labour intensive.
Initially, it was hoped to provide this by criminals sentenced to transportation, but they were found to be difficult to managed and unsuitable for the conditions, and so most were shipped to Australia.
Slavery was endemic in north Africa and Berber pirates often raided England, Ireland and other European Coastal villages to take slaves fr the North African markets - see : Barbary slave trade - Wikipedia
Slavery was also endemic in West Africa , esp. in sub Saharan areas, mainly the SeneGambia regions and so a ready resource was available and the need was in he North American and West Indian colonies.
 
为什么美国会接受奴隶制？
北美殖民地迫切需要劳动力来生产商品并确保其生存。
奴隶制在中世纪早期的欧洲已基本消失，农奴制取代了它，直到黑死病减少了劳动力数量，人们意识到劳动力具有市场价值。美国殖民地的建立和资金是为了生产劳动密集型的农产品。最初，他们希望通过将罪犯流放来提供劳动力，但这些罪犯难以管理，不适合当地条件，因此大多数被送往澳大利亚。奴隶制在北非根深蒂固，柏柏尔海盗经常袭击英格兰、爱尔兰和其他欧洲沿海村庄，将人掳为奴隶出售到北非市场——参见:巴巴里奴隶贸易——维基百科。
同样，西非，特别是撒哈拉以南地区，也是奴隶制盛行的地方，因此北美和西印度群岛殖民地可以轻易获得这一资源。
 
Steve Dutch
This is a perfect example of people thinking the Constitution is a list of things they want to be true.
The Constitution did not ban slavery. If it had, it wouldn’t have been ratified. It contained the famous, or infamous, “three fifths” compromise that had slaves counted as 3/5 of a person. It did prohibit importation after 1808, which had negligible impact on slavery itself.
The constitution says what it says, not what you wish it said or think it should say.
 
这是一个典型的例子，说明人们把宪法当作他们希望成真的愿望清单。
宪法并没有禁止奴隶制。如果当时宪法禁止奴隶制，它就不可能被批准通过。宪法中有著名或臭名昭著的“三分之五妥协”，将奴隶按五分之三的人口比例计算。虽然宪法确实禁止了1808年之后的奴隶进口，但这对奴隶制度本身几乎没有影响。宪法规定的内容就是它的全部，不是你希望它说什么或认为它应该说什么。
 
Elizabeth Renee Gauer Graham
Why was slavery allowed in the United States?
Slavery was “allowed” in the United States at the time of it’s founding because slavery as a form of getting workers to do manual labor had been in force for tens of thousands of years…back to the beginnings of recorded history, when it was taken as a “given” in existing societies of that day.
Anyone might be enslaved. Got defeated in battle? You ore your whole village could be enslaved. Couldn’t pay your taxes? You or your children could be enslaved. Couldn’t pay your debts, you or your family could be enslaved. Couldn’t find work? You might sell yourself into slavery to get food.
 
为什么在美国建国之初就允许奴隶制？
美国建国时允许奴隶制，是因为奴隶作为体力劳动的来源已经延续了数万年，早在有记录的历史开始时，许多社会就将奴隶制视为理所当然的制度。
任何人都有可能被奴役。如果战败了，你或你的整个村庄可能被奴役；如果无法支付税款，你或你的孩子可能被奴役；如果不能偿还债务，你或你的家人可能被奴役；如果找不到工作，你可能为了谋生而卖身为奴。
 
Slaves might not get lots of food - but just like you fuel your car today or charge the battery on your phone, if you want it to work, a slave owner fed his slaves so that they could work. They were the social equivalent of machinery…they might be plowing fields, planting crops, spinning thread, weaving, or sewing - or working with other materials, depending on the technological level of their civilization and the needs of their owner.
The Roman Empire’s bureaucracy was run by the Emperor’s slaves and freemen - they were the ones he’d had taught to read & write and to some degree, the ones that he’d trained as to when to interrupt him and when to do what he’d told them to do “in that situation” in the past.
 
奴隶可能不会有很多食物，但就像你今天给车加油或给手机充电一样，为了让奴隶能正常工作，奴隶主会提供足够的食物。他们在社会中相当于机械设备……他们可能在耕地、种植庄稼、纺线、编织或缝纫——或者使用其他材料，这取决于他们文明的技术水平和主人的需要。
罗马帝国的官僚系统由皇帝的奴隶和自由人管理——他们是被皇帝教会读写的，也在一定程度上接受了培训，知道什么时候打扰皇帝，以及如何处理皇帝过去指示过的“类似情况”。
 
Niklaus Hostettler
Why did America accept slavery?
What about “Why does America accept sweat shops?” Or all other worse than slavery work condition that exists only because we want what gets produced?
Nothing has changed except that today we “demonize” slavery fashionably ignore from the conversations what is going on today and we don’t see anything wrong about it - not our problem, doesn’t happen in our country, when in reality it exists because of us.
 
为什么美国接受奴隶制？
那么，我们如何看待“美国为何容忍血汗工厂？”这个问题呢？或者说，为什么我们对其他比奴隶制更糟糕的工作条件视而不见，这些条件之所以存在，仅仅是因为我们想要那些被生产出来的商品。
除了今天我们以一种时髦的方式“妖魔化”奴隶制，并且从对话中刻意忽略今天正在发生的事情之外，没有什么真正改变了——我们不认为这有什么问题，认为这不是我们的问题，也不认为它发生在我们的国家，然而实际上，这些现象之所以存在，正是因为我们。
 
Nick Cellino
Slavery was allowed in the USA and elsewhere for centuries before the founding of this country primarily because it was not expressly forbidden in the Bible and other sacred texts. Among the 10 commandments are fundamental principles such as “Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s goods”  but none that clearly read “Thou shalt not enslave others”.
If the biblical writers, many of whom the descendants of people enslaved in Egypt, had been inspired enough from their own history to include those five clear and enlightened words within the original 10 commandments, slavery could never have been introduced into this country.
 
奴隶制在美国及其他地方存在了几个世纪，主要是因为《圣经》和其他圣典中没有明确禁止奴隶制。十诫中包含了“不可贪恋邻居的财物”等基本原则，但没有明确写出“不可奴役他人”。
如果圣经的撰写者们——其中不少是埃及奴役者的后代——能够深受自己历史经历的启发，在最初的十诫中加入一条明确而明智的诫命：“不可奴役他人”，那么奴隶制可能就永远不会在美国被合法化。
 
Alexandra Miroshnikova
You reckon?
 
你真的如此认为？
 
Holly Olver Hertig
Why was slavery allowed in America?
It started out as indentured servantry in the beginning and down right greed in the middle. Enlightenment of the words of the constitution and conviction brought an end to it with the Emancipation Proclamation and the Civil war In the 1860s. At least in USA it has ended. International child trafficking is all over the world and trying to bring it back into the USA Today. We have realized that children are coming through our borders NOT with their parents hence separated. This has been going on for some time now.
 
为什么美国允许奴隶制？
它最初是以契约仆人制度开始的，中间是由于极度的贪婪。随着对宪法的启蒙和信念，通过1860年代的《解放宣言》和内战，奴隶制在美国被终结了。至少在美国，它已经结束了。国际儿童贩卖在全世界都有，并且正试图将其重新引入美国。我们已经意识到，孩子们是独自穿越边境的，而不是和他们的父母一起，因此被分开。这种情况已经持续了一段时间。
 
Eric William Bast
Why did America accept slavery?
Because they were a colony of England, which employed slave labor to exploit their overseas possessions for maximum profit. American colonists had no choice but to accept slavery, but there were many that had no problem with slavery because slavery had always existed in European society up to that point.
 
为什么美国接受奴隶制？
因为它们是英国的殖民地，英国利用奴隶劳动力来剥削其海外领土以获取最大利润。美国殖民者别无选择，只能接受奴隶制，但有很多人对奴隶制没有质疑过，因为直到那时，奴隶制在欧洲社会一直存在。
 
Gary Hensley
Primarily greed, and the belief that the white Anglo-Saxons were the superior race. Many religious people believed that God condoned slavery because the Bible (New Testament) tell slaves to be obedient to their masters. The slaveholders of the time interpreted this to mean that slavery was God's plan for the 'inferior races”. What bothers me the most is that it exist...
 
主要是出于贪婪，以及认为白人盎格鲁-撒克逊人是优越种族的信念。许多宗教人士认为，因为《圣经》（新约）告诉奴隶要服从他们的主人，上帝就认可了奴隶制。当时的奴隶主将这解释为奴隶制是上帝对“劣等种族”的计划。最让我困扰的是，这种现象依然存在...
 
Scott Casey
When the first colonists arrived there was zero infrastructure, life was precarious and the journey to get there was dangerous, so few people wanted to go through such hardship. Initially the colonies relied on indentured servants (Convicts from Britain -mainly Irish) who were forced to go there and work for free. After independance this supply of free labour was cut off so they needed a new source.
Many of the Caribean islands and South American plantations, particularly those controlled by the Spanish, were using African slaves and initially these were the source of American slaves
 
当第一批殖民者到达时，那里根本没有基础设施，生活是不稳定的，而且到达那里的旅程是危险的，所以很少有人愿意经历这样的艰难。最初，殖民地依赖契约仆人（来自英国的罪犯——主要是爱尔兰人），他们被迫去那里免费工作。独立后，这种免费劳动力的供应被切断了，所以他们需要新的劳动力来源。
许多加勒比岛屿和南美洲的种植园，特别是那些由西班牙人控制的种植园，最初是使用非洲奴隶的，这些也是美国奴隶的来源。
 
Following the abolition of slavery the US still needed workers, so they had an open door policy on migration ( The statue of liberty says give us your tired, your poor etc.) Many believe that slavery would have ended anyway because it was no longer economically viable. It costs more to buy, feed, house and provide medical care (despite what you see in the movies, slave owners needed to protect their investment) than it does to pay a low wage to an unskilled immigrant who has to take care of all those thing out of their salary.
 
在废除奴隶制后，美国仍然需要工人，因此他们对移民实行开放政策（自由女神像上写着“给我们你们疲惫的，贫穷的”等等）。许多人认为，无论如何奴隶制都会结束，因为它在经济上不再可行，买东西、吃东西、住房子和提供医疗(尽管你在电影中看到，奴隶主需要保护他们的投资)的成本要高于支付给一个不熟练的移民的低工资，因为他们不得不从其工资中拿出钱来支付所有这些事情上的花费。
 
George Hutto
Why did America accept slavery?
Because it wasn’t seen as wrong by the majority of the people at the time it was instituted. Remember, there had been forms of slavery throughout the world and throughout the ages - no country escapes unscathed or thinking their ancestors didn’t practice slavery. It was (and is) just as common in Africa as it was in the fledgling USA.
 
为什么美国接受奴隶制？
因为当时大多数人不认为这是错误的。记住，全世界和历史上都有各种形式的奴隶制——没有哪个国家能够完全不受伤害或认为他们的祖先没有实行过奴隶制。它（和现在一样）在非洲和美国一样普遍。
 
Think of it, the Europeans and others were more technologically advanced than most of the natives of Africa. Folk in African wanted the guns and such the Europeans had to offer so the Africans would capture and sell other Africans to the Europeans for the baubles and such that they coveted. If Africans were willing to sell Africans, is it any wonder those sold in to slavery weren’t considered to be quite human?
I am not saying it was right; I am saying those actions helped form the opinions of the people of that time.
 
想想看，欧洲人和其他人的技术水平比非洲大多数土著人更先进。非洲人想要欧洲人提供的枪械等物品，所以非洲人会捕获并出售其他非洲人给欧洲人，以换取他们渴望的小饰品等物品。如果非洲人愿意卖非洲人，那么那些被卖为奴隶的人就不被认为是人类了，这有什么奇怪的吗?
我并不是说这是对的;我是说，这些行为帮助人们形成了当时的观点。
 
William Bradshaw
The U.S. didn’t so much allow slavery as we inherited it. Slaves were brought to the future U.S. mostly by the British but also by the Spanish, Dutch and French. The slave economy was so entrenched by the time of the Revolution it was a secondary issue compared with establishing a new country. The Founders realized the issue would have to be dealt with eventually, but put it off in favor of more pressing issues. In that respect, the Founders “allowed “ slavery but not as a preference
 
美国并非主动选择奴隶制，而是继承了这一制度。奴隶主要是由英国人引入到美国，但西班牙人、荷兰人和法国人也参与其中。到了革命时期，奴隶制经济已经如此根深蒂固，以至于与建立一个新国家相比，它变成了一个次要问题。美国的开国元勋们意识到这个问题最终需要解决，但面对更为紧迫的事务，他们选择将此问题推迟。因此，可以说，开国元勋们在某种程度上“允许”了奴隶制，但这并非他们的意愿。
 
Azariah (Abednego) Israel
They allowed it because of their greed and demonic spirit behavior. Not just America; all European and some African nations are guilty of slavery as well. European nations were the worst. Greed, hate, and thinking no one would notice or do anything about, is what it is.
 
他们之所以允许奴隶制，是出于贪婪和恶劣的行径。不仅仅是美国，所有欧洲以及一些非洲国家同样对奴隶制负有责任。在这其中，欧洲国家的行为尤为恶劣。贪婪、憎恨，以及一种认为没有人会发现或对此采取行动的心态，正是这一切的根源。
 
G. B. Smith
The American question should be written, “What would have been the Constitutional reason for the States to agree to preclude slavery in the unx?” Americans traditionally are not much on the government “allowing” the people to do things.
 
美国的问题应该是这样写的：“宪法上有什么理由让各州同意在联邦中排除奴隶制？”美国人传统上不太喜欢政府“允许”人民做事。
 
ProfV Randall
Allow sounds like Slavery just happened and the United States was negligent in not stopping it.
The United States (Federal and State governments) used the law to promote and maintain slavery for over 400 years.
Capitalists needed lots of cheap labor they tried to use indentured servitude (contract employment) but that wasn’t working. As early as 1500, the Transatlantic Slave Trade meant captured Africans were being shipped to the Caribbean, Central, and South America. In 1600 the American colonies decided to meet their own labor needs with enslaved Africans.
 
使用“允许”一词听起来似乎奴隶制是无意中发生的，而美国在阻止它方面表现得疏忽
美国(联邦政府和州政府)使用法律来促进和维持奴隶制的历史为400多年。
资本家迫切需要大量低成本的劳动力，他们最初尝试通过契约仆人制度（一种基于合同的雇佣形式）来解决这一需求，但这种做法并未达到预期效果。早在16世纪初，即1500年左右，跨大西洋的奴隶贸易已经开始，无数非洲人被掳走并运送到加勒比地区、中美洲和南美洲。到了1600年，为了满足日益增长的劳动力需求，美洲的英国殖民地开始大规模引进非洲奴隶。
 
Jeremy Hammerstein
The U.S. allowed slavery because slavery at the time was seen by the government people as moral. Moral thinking hadn’t evolved past that. This was partially a result of Christian thought. Don’t let Christians try to tell you the bible goes against slavery. The bible supports slavery.
 
美国允许奴隶制，因为当时的政府人士认为奴隶制在道德上是可以接受的。道德观念还没有发展到那个地步。这在一定程度上是基督教思想的结果。别让基督徒告诉你圣经反对奴隶制。圣经可是支持奴隶制的。