为什么年轻人离开俄罗斯?

Svetlana Cherkasova
Why are young talents leaving? Due to the fact that some time ago they paid much more abroad. This is a purely economic interest, people want to survive. Now this is far from being the case, there are no gaps between what is being offered. Plus, compared to Western countries, Russia is a fairly comfortable country for life. Russian cities have become better.
 
年轻人才为何离开？原因在于，过去他们在国外能够获得更高的薪酬。这是出于纯粹的经济利益，人们为了生存而选择出国。然而，现在情况已经大不相同，国内外提供的待遇差距已经不复存在。此外，与西方国家相比，俄罗斯的生活条件相当舒适，俄罗斯的城市也在不断改善。
 
The main factor - people, especially young people - are ambitious. They want their life to be marked by some major achievement. They want big projects that they can build a career on, gain public recognition, etc. If people participate in such projects, they won't go anywhere. Moreover, people will come to us for such projects.
Last year, Russia entered the top ten countries in terms of spending on scientific research ($46.7 billion).
 
主要的驱动因素是人们的雄心壮志，尤其是年轻人。他们希望自己的生活能够以一些重大成就为标志，他们渴望参与能够建立自己职业生涯、获得公众认可的大型项目。如果人们能够参与到这样的项目中，他们就不会选择离开。事实上，这样的项目还会吸引人们前来。
去年，俄罗斯在科研投入方面跻身世界前十，科研支出达到了467亿美元。
 
Alexey Godin
I beg to disagree. None of my friends who left Russia in 2022–2023 left because they were unsatisfied with their salary or their living conditions. They left because of the war give or take. I chose to stay in Russia, and not because I would not have found a work abroad, a software engineer/university teacher with a good command of English can find a job. But I cannot blame those who left.
 
恕我不能赞同,我那些在2022到2023年间离开俄罗斯的朋友，他们离开并不是因为对薪水或生活条件不满。他们离开主要是因为战争。我选择留在俄罗斯，并不是因为我在国外找不到工作——作为一个英语流利的软件工程师或大学教师，我完全有能力在国外找到工作。但我不能责怪那些离开的人。
 
Patrick Lewis Van Ness
1 can and I will. My grandson, Danila, reported for the spring 2022 military call up. His one year of obligated service was training while serving as a security personnel at the New Voronezh Nuclear Power Station. In March after his obligatory service expired, he signed an enlistment contract in the army and requested frontline duty in Ukraine. Last April, he was deployed to the Zaphorizia front where he trained with a combat unit in preparation for the anticipated summer offensive. My grandson, had the option of emigrating to the United States, where he would be welcomed by his American relatives. However, he told me that he would never be able to face his uncles and aunts who had served honorably in the Marine Corps and US Air Force in the global war on terror, had he left his native country in a time of grave crisis. His American uncles and aunts support his decision to continue his service in the Russian army, knowing, as veterans themselves, that freedom is not, in fact, free!
“THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.” — Thomas Paine
 
我能够并且将会这么做。我的孙子丹尼拉在2022年春季应征入伍。他一年的强制服役是在新沃罗涅日核电站作为安保人员的同时接受训练。3月，他的强制服役结束后，他签订了志愿兵合同，并请求到乌克兰前线服役。去年4月，他被派往扎波罗热前线，在那里他与一个作战单位一起训练，为即将到来的夏季攻势做准备。我的孙子本可以选择移民到美国，在那里他的美国亲戚会欢迎他。然而，他告诉我，如果他在国家面临严重危机时离开，他将无法面对那些曾在全球反恐战争中光荣服役的海军陆战队和美国空军的叔叔阿姨们。他的美国亲戚支持他继续在俄罗斯军队服役的决定，因为他们自己作为退伍军人，知道自由并非没有代价。
“这是考验人们灵魂的时代。那些只在夏天服役的士兵和只在阳光明媚时爱国的人，在这场危机中将会退缩；但那些现在仍然坚守的人，值得所有人的爱和感激。” —— 托马斯·潘恩
 
Svetlana Cherkasova
Who was the best aviator? A native of Russia Sikorsky ...
Where was the first tank invented, do you think in Britain? Nothing of the kind, the first tank was invented back in the Russian Empire, in Riga ... it’s just that no one appreciated Porokhovshchikov’s invention then, and soon everyone forgot about it. And it is not fair that the British invented the tank.
Such examples could go on and on...
 
谁是最佳的飞行员？是俄罗斯人西科尔斯基...
你认为坦克是在哪里首次被发明的？是英国吗？完全不是这样，实际上，坦克首次被发明是在俄罗斯帝国时期的里加...只是当时没有人重视波洛霍夫斯基的发明，不久之后，人们就忘记了这件事。英国人发明了坦克的说法并不公平。
这样的例子不胜枚举...
 
Patrick Lewis Van Ness
Russian involvement in rocketry began in 1903 when Konstantin Tsiolkovsky published a paper on liquid-propelled rockets. Tsiolkovsky's efforts made significant advances in the use of liquid fuel. His work challenged traditional thought and sparked a revolution in science which embraced new ideas in rocket technology.
 
俄罗斯对火箭技术的涉猎始于1903年，当时康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基发表了一篇关于液体推进火箭的论文。齐奥尔科夫斯基的研究在液体燃料的使用上取得了显著进步，他的观点挑战了传统思维，并在科学界引发了一场围绕火箭技术新理念的革命。
 
Patrick Lewis Van Ness
Russia’s economy is still evolving. Russia violently transitioned from a feudal agricultural society/economy to a completely state managed industrial urban society. There was indeed massive progress and massive setbacks within. Thirty years after the dissolution of the Soviet unx, 20 years after the catastrophe that was Boris Yeltsin, with the consistency and stability of the current administration in the Kremlin, the Russian economy is evolving and expanding and is in the process of accommodating the rich talent pool of its well educated youth. However, there is one problem yet to be resolved. Young women, like my daughter have eschewed tradition family life in favor of a career, in her case business, resulting in a low birth rate. You can’t fault them, having been raised in a society in which gender equality has far out paced that of the West since 1920. This is an issue for all industrial nations that support universal education. My daughter has degrees in both mechanical engineering and accounting. In her mid-thirties, she is now managing her own business in boiler installation along with her husband.
 
俄罗斯的经济仍在持续演变中。从封建农业社会的经济体系，成为了一个完全由国家管理的工业城市化社会，俄罗斯经历了剧烈的转变。在这个过程中，既有巨大的发展，也有巨大的挫折。苏联解体30年后，经历了鲍里斯·叶利钦时期的灾难性治理20年后，在克里姆林宫现政府的稳定领导下，俄罗斯经济正在发展和扩张，并正在逐步吸纳其受过良好教育的青年人才。然而，仍存在一个问题尚未解决。像我女儿这样的年轻女性，已经放弃了传统的家庭生活，转而追求事业，她是投身于商业领域，这导致了出生率的下降。你不能责怪她们，她们在一个性别平等观念远远超越西方国家的社会中成长，这种情况自1920年以来一直如此。这是所有支持普及教育的工业国家所面临的问题。我的女儿拥有机械工程和会计两个学位。现在她三十多岁，正在和丈夫一起经营自己的锅炉安装业务。
 
Svetlana Cherkasova
Now we are moving to a completely different stage - we are freeing ourselves from the colonial dependence of goal-setting. First of all, this means that we set our own goals , including the goals of technological development.
Yes, children should be born, the sooner and more the better. But in the West, regarding childbearing, the position “40 is the new 20” is becoming more and more popular. They say that women who give birth after 40 are 4 times more likely to live to 100 years.
 
我们现在正进入一个全新的阶段——我们正在摆脱设定目标时的殖民依赖。首先，这意味着我们自己来确定目标，包括科技发展的目标。
的确，应该生孩子，而且越早越好，越多越好。但在西方，关于生育的观念，“40岁是新的20岁”这一观点正变得越来越流行。有说法是，40岁以后生育的女性活到100岁的可能性是之前的四倍。
 
Patrick Lewis Van Ness
Culturally that has been true in Russia. My wife gave birth at 21 with our only child. In 2011 at the age of 45 and after a career as an immunologist, she expressed a desire to bear and raise another child. Unfortunately, due to complications that was not to be. Most of our friends have followed the same path - a child early on and a child much later in life. I attribute this, in my opinion, why Russian children are much better behaved and educated from what I have seen. I think Russian fathers devote more time with their children on average than American fathers.
 
在俄罗斯，这在文化上确实是事实。我的妻子在21岁时生下了我们唯一的孩子。2011年，她在45岁，经历了作为一名免疫学家的职业生涯后，表达了想要再生育并抚养另一个孩子的愿望。遗憾的是，由于一些并发症，这个愿望没有实现。我们的大多数朋友都遵循了同样的模式——早年有一个孩子，然后在晚年再有一个孩子。我个人认为，这就是为什么我观察到的俄罗斯孩子表现得更好、教育程度更高的原因。我认为，平均来说，俄罗斯的父亲们比美国的父亲们更多地投入到与孩子的互动中。
 
Frank Hegeman
How many STEM professionals have left Russia in the last 3 years? Also doesn't Russia graduate the same number of stem professionals as the US?
 
在过去三年中，有多少理工科领域的专业人员离开了俄罗斯？俄罗斯培养的理工科专业人员数量不是和美国一样多吗？
 
Svetlana Cherkasova
Russia trains twice as many engineers as the US, despite having half the population. In the broader category of STEM (science, technology, engineering, math), Russia trains as many specialists as the much more populous US.
Of the Russians who left, 10% did not return. 80% of the departed engineers continue to work for Russian companies. After the start of the special operation, the Russians left for Georgia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Serbia, Armenia and other countries. The salary of engineers in Russia is higher than in these countries.
 
尽管俄罗斯的人口只有美国的一半，但它培养的工程师数量是美国的两倍。在更广泛的理工科领域（科学、技术、工程、数学），俄罗斯培养的专家数量与人口更多的美国培养的专家数量一样多。
在离开的俄罗斯人中，有10%没有返回。而那些离开的工程师中有80%继续为俄罗斯公司工作。特别行动开始后，俄罗斯人开始前往格鲁吉亚、哈萨克斯坦、土耳其、塞尔维亚、亚美尼亚等国家。俄罗斯工程师的薪资水平比这些国家工程师的薪资高。
 
Henk De Hoop
Just look at the time when most young people left. Then tell me that the war had no effect. Young, smart, critical people with acces to more information then state propaganda left in great numbers.
 
只要看看大多数年轻人离开的时期，就能明白战争并非毫无影响。那些年轻、聪明、具有批判性思维，并且能够获取比官方宣传更广泛信息的人，已经大规模地离开了。
 
Svetlana Cherkasova
Youth is an ideal social group for psychological processing. All of the above distinctive features of modern youth are successfully used by the organizers of velvet revolutions. The value of young people lies precisely in the fact that it is they, “progressive” and “advanced”, who are able to become a provider of a new idea to the masses, a detonator of a colored mine that was laid long before the birth of many of them.
 
青年是进行心理操作的理想对象。现代青年的这些显著特征被那些策划“天鹅绒革命”的人精妙地利用。年轻人之所以宝贵，是因为他们具有“进步”和“前卫”的特质，能够向大众传递新思想，成为那些在他们出生前就埋下的、多彩的隐喻性“地雷”的触发者。
 
The middle generation has more knowledge about history. Largely due to the severe shocks that they experienced: the Afghan war, the collapse of the USSR, the default, the Chechen war. These trials have left scars in our hearts and souls. Each of us knows he loves his homeland, and we do not need any foreign land.
 
中年一代对历史有着更丰富的认识。这主要是因为他们亲历了重大的历史事件：阿富汗战争、苏联的解体、国家债务违约、车臣战争。这些经历给我们的心灵深处留下了不可磨灭的印记。我们每个人内心深处都明白，我们热爱自己国家，我们无需他国的土地。
 
Henk De Hoop
Ucraïne will be glad to hear that.
 
乌克兰听到这些可能会感到欣慰的。
 
Svetlana Cherkasova
For me, the criminal countries of NATO are not worthy of respect in anything. To praise our today's adversary is at least a betrayal. It is clear that to a greater extent this happened in the early stages with us out of habit. But now it's time to understand that the West is based on lies in everything, from statistics to trifles. Evil people and deceivers will thrive in evil, deceiving others and deceiving themselves.
 
在我看来，那些属于北约的犯罪国家在任何层面上都不配得到尊重。对我们当下的敌人加以赞美，这无异于背叛。这种情形在早期更多是出于习惯。但现在，我们必须明白，西方世界在所有事情上都充斥着谎言，从统计数字到日常琐事。那些作恶的人和欺骗者在恶劣的环境中会活得很好，他们既欺骗他人，也在自我欺骗。
 
Russell Person
My wife left Russia fifteen years ago to start a family. A family where she knew her child(ren) would enjoy much greater opportunities.
She earned $100 a month as a orthopedic surgeon, working eight or nine twenty four hour shifts in Moscow. This is when the average pay in Russia was $500 a month. She earned a Phd in medicine and received a $25 a month raise, but it was slow to come. The people who printed it, wanted a $20 bribe to make it.
Why do young people leave Russia?
 
我的妻子十五年前离开了俄罗斯，目的是为了建立一个家庭，她知道在那里她的孩子会有更多、更好的机会。
她在莫斯科作为一名骨科外科医生，每月的收入仅有100美元，且需轮班工作，每班时长达到24小时，有时甚至连续工作八到九个班次。与此同时，俄罗斯的平均工资是每月500美元。尽管她获得了医学博士学位，并且本应得到每月25美元的加薪，但这加薪却迟迟没有实现。原因是负责打印学位证书的人员索要20美元的贿赂。
那么，为什么年轻人要离开俄罗斯呢？
 
Danila Volodarskey
For the same reason young people leave other countries.
Some dislike the government and its policies, and believe that things are going to be much different across the border.
Others seek better education or employment opportunities, which might make a lot of sense in the sectors that are either underdeveloped in Russia (such as, for instance, electronic hardware development) or underpaid compared to some of the other nations (such as medicine or science).
 
年轻人离开俄罗斯的原因与他们离开其他国家的原因相同。
一些人对政府及其政策感到不满，认为边境另一边的生活会有很大不同。还有一些人追求更优质的教育资源或更丰富的就业机会，这在俄罗斯某些尚未充分发展的行业（如电子硬件开发）或与其他国家相比待遇较低的领域（如医学或科学研究）中显得尤为重要。
 
Yet others might be fleeing persecution, whether real (which is the case with Chechen homosexuals or Caucasian blood feuds) or imagined (which is more often the case with political activists).
Generally speaking, the net emigration numbers are relatively low, compared to, say, Germany: it saw 1,135,000 departures in 2017 with its 83 million citizens, while Rosstat reports 377,000 departures from Russia with its 146 million citizens in the same year. Even if the number is understated by up to six times, as the immigration statistics from the receiving nations seem to imply (Rosstat only counts the emigrants who formally abolish their permanent settlement registration in Russia), the per capita emigration is still significantly lower, and immigration easily outpaces it by a couple hundred thousand people yearly.
 
还有一部分人可能正在逃离迫害，这可能是真实存在的（例如车臣地区的同性恋者或高加索地区的血仇问题），或者想象中的（这种情况更常见于政治活动家）。
总体来看，与德国等国家相比，俄罗斯的净移民流出人数相对较少：德国在2017年有8300万居民，却有113.5万人选择离开；而俄罗斯同年有1.46亿居民，离开的人数为37.7万。即使考虑到接收国的移民统计数据显示，俄罗斯的移民流出人数被低估的程度可能高达六倍（因为俄罗斯统计局只计算那些正式取消了在俄罗斯的永久居留登记的移民），俄罗斯的人均移民流出率仍然显著较低，而且每年的移民流入人数也远远超过流出人数，每年多出数十万人。
 
Gil McQueen
Young people want to leave Russia because Putin’s Ruzzia, is currently the biggest psychiatric hospital in the world.
 
年轻人想要离开俄罗斯，因为普京掌权的俄罗斯是目前世界上最大的精神病院。
 
Marina D Samoylovich
Either because of religious persecution or to make more money. America is the richest country. Less fortunate younger people may want to explore other countries. Those who have a lot of money don’t have to move to another country.
 
要么是因为宗教迫害，要么是为了赚更多的钱。美国是最富有的国家。不那么幸运的年轻人可能想要探索其他国家，那些有很多钱的人则不必搬到另一个国家。
 
Vasily Kacherskiy
Young people all over the world want to leave their countries. Also, they want to go somewhere that is different, they want to explore the world.
It's 2020, there are thousands of things you can do, and traveling is one of them. I have a few friends who are thinking about permanently moving to the United States.
Me, I would like to live in America , or maybe England, or Germany. I speak those languages, I have opportunity outside of Russia.
You see why people in Russia, and world wide want to leave their countries?
 
全世界的年轻人都想离开自己的国家。此外，他们想去不同的地方，他们想探索这个世界。
2020年了，人们可以选择做的事情有很多，旅行探索便是其中之一。我身边就有几个朋友正在考虑永久性地搬到美国去。
就我个人而言，我也希望生活在美国，或者可能是英国、或德国。我掌握了这些国家的语言，所以在俄罗斯之外我有更多的机会。
你能理解为什么俄罗斯人以及全世界的人们都想要离开自己的国家吗？（这是因为他们追求的是更广阔的视野和更多的机遇。）