印度人的主要问题是什么?（下）-网帖翻译-龙腾网

Shivam Shekhar
What is the biggest problem in being Indian?
I don't know why but I often feel like that time and again the world has always "used" or "exploited" India and Indians for its own benefits.
There are several reasons for this:

身为印度人最大的问题是什么？
我不知道为什么，但我常常感觉世界一再地"利用"或"剥削"印度和印度人以谋取自身利益。
这其中有好几个原因：

Ancient India was center of learning and diversity. We gave the world the concept of zero, Ayurveda, yoga, kamasutra, plastic surgery, vedic mathematics and a lot more. And yet, many important historical centers of learning like the Nalanda University were destroyed by barbaric invaders.
India has been a victim of massive invasions throughout its history. People like Nadir Shah, Mohammed Ghori, Mahmud of Ghazni, Tamerlane, Babur, invaded India and stripped it of its wealth, looted and plundered the towns and cities etc.
After the Mughal Dynasty was well established, it saw a period of peace under Akbar's reign. But after the death of Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb again imposed his orthodox views of Islam on his people. This resulted in revolts and conflicts in his kingdom.

古代印度是学习和多样性的中心。我们向世界贡献了零的概念，贡献了阿育吠陀、瑜伽、《爱经》、整形手术、吠陀数学等等。然而，许多重要的历史学习中心，如那烂陀大学（Nalanda University），被野蛮的入侵者摧毁。
印度在其历史上遭受了大规模的入侵。像纳迪尔沙、穆罕默德·古里、加兹尼的马哈茂德、帖木儿、巴布尔这样的人入侵了印度，掠夺了它的财富，洗劫了城镇和城市等。
在莫卧儿王朝稳固之后，在阿克巴统治时期出现了一段和平时期。但在沙贾汗（印度莫卧儿帝国皇帝）去世后，奥朗则布再次将他正统的伊斯兰教观点强加于人民。这导致了他王国中的反抗和冲突。

The Britishers came to India during early, 17th century as traders. They demanded the control of beaches and ports which they referred to as "deserted" in exchange of great European goods. Jahangir(the emperor during that period) had no clue why someone would be interested in deserted beaches, quickly complied without hesitation. Thus giving British access to important trade locations and gates to heavy profits, thus beginning the destruction of his empire.
Aurangzeb was the last of the great rulers of Mughal dynasty and never really trained a successor after himself. This led to the breaking up of the great Mughal empire into several smaller states and provinces each with their individual rulers. The Britishers used this to their advantage and using their policy of divide and rule, captured great amounts of land and eventually gained control of the Indian Subcontinent.

在17世纪初期，英国人以商人的身份抵达印度。他们请求控制那些他们认为“荒废”的海滩和港口，以此作为换取他们昂贵的欧洲商品的条件。当时的皇帝贾汉吉尔不明白为何有人会对这些荒废的海滩感兴趣，于是他毫不犹豫地同意了这一要求。这为英国人提供了进入关键贸易地点的机会，并开启了通往巨大利润的大门，这标志着他们帝国衰败的开始。
奥朗则布是莫卧儿王朝最后的伟大君主，他并没有为自己的王朝培养继任者。这导致了曾经辉煌的莫卧儿帝国分裂成数个较小的邦和省，每个地区都有自己的统治者。英国人利用了这一局面，通过他们的“分而治之”政策，占领了大量土地，并最终取得了对整个印度次大陆的控制权。

They forced people to grow opium, recruited Indians as sepoys, engaged in slave trades, extracted massive amounts of wealth, seized the lands, stripped rulers off their administrative powers, etc.
During the world wars, a large number of Indians sepoys died while fighting for the Britishers.
The Japanese agreed for an alliance with the Azad Hind Fauz established by Subhash Chandra Bose only to overthrow the British in the subcontinent. It is often said that had they succeeded in removing the British, the Japanese would have captured India. But they later withdrew their forces.

他们强迫人们种植鸦片，招募印度人作为士兵，参与奴隶贸易，榨取了大量财富，夺取了土地，剥夺了统治者的行政权力等。
在世界大战期间，大量印度士兵在为英国人作战时死亡。
日本人同意与由苏巴斯·钱德拉·鲍斯（Subhas Chandra Bose）建立的"Azad Hind Fauz"（自由印度军队）结盟，只是为了推翻英国人在次大陆的统治。人们常说，如果他们成功地赶走了英国人，日本人就会占领印度，但他们后来将军队撤了回去。

After, the Britishers retreated, the Muslim league and Indian National Congress hunger for power resulted in the nation being split into 2 parts on the basis of 2 nations theory. A 5000 year old civilization being shattered into pieces!
Invasion of Kashmir by Pakistan and Aksai Chin by China resulted in India having territorial conflicts with both the nations thus resulting in 5 wars being fought. 4 with Pakistan in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999 and 1 with China in 1962.
Time and again India has been denied important aid by various nations. For eg: India had to develop its own Global positioning system. The requirement of such a navigation system is driven because access to foreign government-controlled global navigation satellite systems is not guaranteed in hostile situations, as happened to the Indian military depending on American GPS during the Kargil War.

英国人撤离之后，穆斯林联盟和印度国大党对权力的争夺导致了国家基于“两个民族理论”被分割成两个部分，一个拥有5000年历史的文明就这样被撕裂了。
巴基斯坦入侵克什米尔、中国xx阿克赛钦，使印度与这两个国家都产生了领土争端，导致印度共参与了五场战争：与巴基斯坦的战争分别在1947年、1965年、1971年和1999年，而与中国的战争则发生在1962年。
印度一次又一次地被各国拒绝提供重要援助。举个例子，印度必须自主研发全球定位系统。之所以有这样的需求，是因为在敌对情况下，依赖外国政府控制的全球导航卫星系统并不总是可靠的，就像印度军队在卡吉尔战争期间依赖美国的GPS系统时所经历的那样。

Movies like Slumdog Millionaire, which has been successful in stereotyping India as a nation of power hungry beggar mafias, uneducated kids, pathetic living standards, and a country of slums, wins 8 Oscars! On the other hand, Indian movies like Rang De Basanti, Taare Zameen Par, My name is Khan, Mangal Pandaey, Lagaan etc fail to impress audience abroad.
Indian software engineers are high in demand abroad because of their high efficiency and low salaries demand than the native citizens.
India has been denied the membership of the United Nations Security Council and gets vetoed every time. A permanent membership for UNSC is very important for India because India has to rely on Russia to veto any unfavorable decisions against itself. This results in India purchasing over expensive military equipment from Russia or export its own goods at a cheaper price.

像《贫民窟的百万富翁》这样的电影，成功地塑造了印度这样一个充满权力欲望的乞丐黑帮、未受教育的孩子、悲惨的生活标准以及遍布贫民窟的国家形象，并因此赢得了8项奥斯卡奖。然而，与此同时，一些同样优秀的印度电影，如《青春无敌》、《地球上的星星》、《我名叫可汗》、《勇士潘迪》和《拉嘎安》等，在国际市场上却未能同样吸引观众的目光。
印度软件工程师在国外的需求量很大，因为他们的效率高，工资需求比本土公民低。
印度一直未能加入联合国安全理事会，并且每次申请都被否决。对印度而言，成为安理会常任理事国极为重要，因为目前印度需要依赖俄罗斯来否决任何对其不利的决策。这种情况导致印度不得不以更高的价格从俄罗斯购买军事装备，或者以更低的价格出口自己的商品。

During 1971 war, India was threatened by US. But thanks to Russian support was saved from the America's wrath. Thus it was high time for us to develop our own Nuclear weapon system. So, In 1974, India conducted its first nuclear test code named "Smiling Buddha". This came with a negative reaction from US and Canada(who supplied the raw plutonium for running nuclear reactors but India used it for its nuclear test). Thus Canada withdrew its support to India's nuclear program after the incident.
India detonated a second nuclear weapon in 1998 known. This was met with with heavy criticism from many countries like
US: Imposed heavy sanctions on India, cutting of all trade and exports except humanitarian aid. Although the effect of such sanctions on Indian economy was minimal and they were lifted after 5 years.
Cannada, Japan, other states: Imposed economic sanctions and suspended foreign aid.

在1971年战争期间，印度面临美国的威胁，但依靠俄罗斯的支持，成功地避开了美国的严厉反击。因此，印度开始发展自己的核武器系统。1974年，印度进行了首次核试验，代号“微笑的佛陀”，但这一行动遭到了美国和加拿大的反对，尤其是加拿大，它曾提供给印度运行核反应堆的原始钚，但印度却用它进行了核试验，那起事件之后，加拿大便停止了对印度核项目的支持。
1998年，印度进行了第二次核试验，遭到包括美国在内的许多国家的严厉批评。
美国对印度实施了严厉的制裁，切断了除人道主义援助外的所有贸易和出口。这些制裁对印度经济的影响相当有限，并在五年后被撤销。在此期间，加拿大、日本以及其他一些国家对印度实施了经济制裁，并中止了对外援助。

China: Rejected India's explanation of "to counter growing Chinese threat in the region" and urged the international community to adopt a unified stand against India and stop it from developing any further nuclear weapons.
Pakistan: Pakistan saw it as a nuclear arms race and thus prioritized its nuclear program and with China's help detonated its first nuclear weapon after few weeks.

中国对印度提出的“为了对抗中国在该地区不断增长的威胁”的说法表示反对，并呼吁国际社会团结一致，阻止印度继续发展核武器。
巴基斯坦则将印度的核试验视为核武器竞赛的一部分，因此加快了本国的核武器项目。在中国的协助下，巴基斯坦在几周后成功试爆了自己的首枚核武器。

India is not a signatory to the Nuclear Non Proliferation treaty, which basically states that, “the NPT non-nuclear-weapon states agree never to acquire nuclear weapons and the NPT nuclear-weapon states in exchange agree to share the benefits of peaceful nuclear technology and to pursue nuclear disarmament aimed at the ultimate elimination of their nuclear arsenals" .

印度没有签署《不扩散核武器条约》。该条约的主要内容包括：非核武器国家承诺不获取核武器，而核武器国家则承诺提供和平利用核技术的好处，并努力实现核裁军，目标是最终消除自己的核武器库。

India argues that the NPT creates a club of "nuclear haves" and a larger group of "nuclear have-nots" by restricting the legal possession of nuclear weapons to those states that tested them before 1967, but the treaty never explains on what ethical grounds such a distinction is valid. India's then External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee said during a visit to Tokyo in 2007: "If India did not sign the NPT, it is not because of its lack of commitment for non-proliferation, but because we consider NPT as a flawed treaty and it did not recognize the need for universal, non-discriminatory verification and treatment."
India has always maintained a "nuclear no first use" policy and after repeatedly being threatened by Pakistan, changed it to "nuclear no first use again non nuclear states".

印度一贯奉行“不首先使用核武器”的原则，但在面对巴基斯坦的多次威胁后，调整了这一政策，改为“对非核武器国家不首先使用核武器”。
印度方面提出，《不扩散核武器条约》（NPT）通过限定只有1967年前进行核试验的国家才能合法拥有核武器，形成了一个“核武器国家”和“非核武器国家”的划分，但条约本身并未阐明这种区分的道德基础。2007年，时任印度外交部长普拉纳布·穆克吉在访问东京期间指出：“印度之所以未签署《不扩散核武器条约》（NPT），并非由于我们不支持核不扩散原则，而是由于我们认为该条约存在缺陷，未能实现对所有国家一视同仁的核查和平等对待。“
印度一贯奉行“不首先使用核武器”的原则，但在面对巴基斯坦的多次威胁后，调整了这一政策，改为“对非核武器国家不首先使用核武器”。

India was denied supercomputers by a US company named Cray Inc, due to an embargo imposed on India. Supercomputers were considered a double edged weapon capable of assisting in the development of nuclear weapons So, India decided to develop its own supercomputer and thus came up with the Param series of supercomputers. For the purpose of achieving self-sufficiency in the field, the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) was set up in 1988 by the then Department of Electronics with Dr. Vijay Bhatkar as its Director.The project was given an initial run of 3 years and an initial funding of ? 300,000,000, the same amount of money and time that was usually expended to purchase a supercomputer from the US.

美国克雷公司（Cray Inc）因对印度实施禁运而拒绝向其出售超级计算机。鉴于超级计算机在核武器研发中的潜在双重用途，印度决定自主研发，于是诞生了Param系列超级计算机。为了实现在超级计算领域的自主可控，1988年，电子部成立了高级计算发展中心（C-DAC），并任命维贾伊·巴特卡尔博士为中心主任。该项目一开始获得了3年的执行时间和3亿卢比的启动资金，这笔资金相当于当时用于从美国购买一台超级计算机的预算。

In 1990, a prototype was produced and was bench marked at the 1990 Zurich Supercomputering Show. It surpassed most other systems, placing India second after US. The final result of the effort was the PARAM 8000, which was installed in 1991. It is considered India's first supercomputer. As of 2008, 52 PARAMs have been deployed. Of these, 8 are located in Russia,Singapore, Germany and Canada, PARAMs have also been sold to Tanzania, Armenia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Ghana, Myanmar, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

1990年，印度成功制造出一个原型机，并在同年的苏黎世超级计算展览会上进行了性能测试，其性能超越了大多数系统，使印度在超级计算领域排名世界第二，仅次于美国。该项目的最终成果是超级计算机PARAM 8000，它在1991年被安装使用，被视为印度的第一台超级计算机。截至2008年，印度已经部署了52台Param超级计算机，其中8台安装在俄罗斯、新加坡、德国和加拿大，Param超级计算机还被出口到坦桑尼亚、亚美尼亚、沙特阿拉伯、新加坡、加纳、缅甸、尼泊尔、哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和越南等国家。

Amusingly, this things even happen in Hollywood movies. Like, in 2012 (film) an Indian Astrophysicist, named Satnam Tsurutani was the one who predicted the entire event and yet no one came to his rescue and he died along with his family in the end.
There are countless examples of the atrocities of the world on India. If I keep going on, this post would never end.

有趣的是，类似的情况甚至在好莱坞电影里也会出现。比如，在2012年的电影《2012》里，印度天体物理学家萨特南·楚拉特尼是预测了整个灾难的人，但结果却没人来救他，他和他的家人最终都遇难了。
世界上对印度不公的事例数不胜数。如果我一直列举下去，这篇帖子就真的没完没了了。

Abhinav Rawat
Traffic Rules
The biggest problem in India is that people do not follow traffic rules. In fact, an even bigger issue is that some people are not even aware of basic traffic rules and signs.
I started driving when I was around 21 or 22 years old, and I got my license at that age. I have mostly driven in the Delhi NCR region, where there is a lot of traffic, and people often drive recklessly. At the age of 31, I shifted to London, and I drove there for almost 2 years. In the United Kingdom, almost 95% of people follow traffic rules. Recently, I came back to Delhi for a family visit, and the first thing I noticed is the significant difference in driving between the UK and India. It's not that Indian roads lack proper signs; everything is similar to the UK, but people just don't follow them.

交通规则问题
印度最大的问题是人们不遵守交通规则。事实上，更令人担忧的是，有些民众甚至对基本的交通规则和指示标志一无所知。
我21或22岁时开始学车，并在那个年纪拿到了驾照。我主要在德里首都辖区开车，那里交通流量巨大，驾驶者常常鲁莽驾驶。31岁时，我移居到伦敦，并在那里开了差不多2年的车。在英国，差不多95%的人都严格遵守交通规则。最近我回德里探亲，立刻就感受到了英国和印度在驾驶习惯上的显著差异。印度的道路标志与英国相差无几，问题在于人们往往不遵守这些规则。

For example, I was approaching a roundabout, and the most basic rule of a roundabout is that you should give priority to those already on the roundabout. That's why there is a "give way" sign at roundabouts. This sign is in the shape of a triangle, and wherever it is present, it means you should wait for other drivers.
Recently, I was at a roundabout, waiting as per the rule, and the cars behind me honked impatiently. That's when I realized that I am in India, not the UK.

举例来说，当我驶向一个环形交叉路口时，基本原则是让已经在路口内的车辆先行，这就是为什么在环形交叉路口会设置“让路”标志。这个标志呈三角形，它的出现意味着你需要等待其他驾驶员先行。
最近，我在环形交叉路口按照规则等待，却被后面的车辆不耐烦地按喇叭催促。那一刻，我意识到自己已经回到了印度。

Similarly, you must have noticed that people turning right block those going straight or turning left by coming from the left side. This is a major problem with traffic in India. If people had a little more patience, the traffic situation in India would be better.
I think the government should implement strict rules and use cameras to impose heavy fines. Only then can we see some changes in this situation. What are your thoughts on this?

同样，你可能也注意到了，有些右转的车辆会从左侧切入，阻碍直行或左转的车辆，这是印度交通中的一个普遍问题。如果驾驶者们能更有耐心一些，印度的交通状况本可以得到改善。
我认为政府应该制定并执行更严格的交通规则，并利用摄像头来执行高额罚款。只有这样，我们才能期望看到一些实质性的改善,你对这个问题有何看法？

Gautam Khera
What is the biggest problem in being an Indian?
RESERVATION :
let me tell you a real life experience. I have two friends Amit and Lokesh one of them is scheduled caste and other one is general. This is at the time of our iit coaching. My SC friend used to go iit coaching and still scored 68 marks and got sexted for jee advance paper and my general friend got 125 marks who didn't went for any coaching didn't got sexted because different criteria of marks on the basis of reservation.

身为印度人，最大的挑战之一是什么？答案是预留制度（Reservation）。
让我分享一个真实的故事。我有两个朋友，阿米特和洛凯什。阿米特来自预定种姓，而洛凯什是普通种姓。这都发生在我们参加印度理工学院（IIT）辅导班的时候。尽管阿米特参加了辅导班，他只考了68分，却因为预留制度的分数标准而被选中参加联合入学考试 (JEE)进阶考试。而洛凯什没有参加任何辅导班，考了125分，却因为不是预留类别而未被选中。

Now let me tell you what are their family status. My SC friend's father has their own house, they have two cars, 3 air conditioners, 2 storey house. They go out to have fun, celebrate birthdays, dinners. My general friend lives in a rented house. No car. No ACs. Only one motorcycle. They do go outside once or twice in 3-4 months. Still he got better marks and didn't get sexted just because he was general.

现在，让我们看看他们的家庭背景。我那预定种姓的朋友的家庭拥有自己的房子，两辆汽车，一栋两层的楼房,三台空调。他们经常外出娱乐，庆祝生日，享受晚餐。相比之下，洛凯什的家庭住在租来的房子里，没有汽车，没有空调，只有一辆摩托车，三四个月才难得外出一次。尽管洛凯什成绩更优秀，却仅仅因为他是普通种姓而没有被选上。