美国网友对比中国与美国的铁路网
Railway Map in China vs the US (note speeds)
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网友：我正要说哈哈。我认为美国拥有最大的货运网络，俄罗斯距离美国很近。
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*Passenger railway
*客运铁路。
I was about the say lol. I think the US has the largest freight network with Russia being real close.
我正要说哈哈。我认为美国拥有最大的货运网络，俄罗斯距离美国很近。
Passenger trains don’t go on the same railway network as cargo trains (in the US)?
客运列车和货运列车不在同一铁路网内运行（在美国）？
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Most do. But cargo trains have de facto priority, making many passenger trains unreliable
大多数列车都是这样的。但货运列车实际上享有优先权，这使得许多客运列车靠不住。
I travelled by fast train from Guangzhou to Shenzhen last year and remarked to the local guy I was with that the HUGE station at GZ didn’t look too busy for rush hour. He looked at me like I was a bit stupid and just said “But it wasn’t built to be busy in 2023”
去年我坐高铁从广州到深圳，跟一个当地人说，广州的大型车站在高峰时段看起来并不太繁忙。他看着我，好像我有点傻，只是说“但它不是为2023年的繁忙而建的”
M ain’t the only one with 20 year plans.
毛并不是唯一一个有二十年计划的人。
Isn’t the population declining now…
现在他们的人口不是在减少吗……
Yeah, almost every single developed nation has a leveling or dropping population. China is no different.
They still expect cities to increase as people seek out Metropolitan life. The housing development in the tier 1 and 2 cities has not slowed down
是的，几乎每个发达国家的人口数量都在稳定或下降。中国也不例外。
他们仍然预计，随着人们寻求在大都市生活，城市数量将会增加。一线和二线城市的住房开发并没有放缓。
It is but I think they still plan on their population consolidating into the cities, hence why they also built a shit ton of apartments that have sat empty for years.
是的，但我认为他们仍然计划将人口集中到城市，这就是为什么他们还建造了大量空置多年的公寓。
They've built a shit ton of empty apartments due to real-estate speculation by corporate and retail investors. The situation with Evergrande being a perfect example. That had, and still has, the chance to be a 2008 moment for China.
由于企业和散户投资者的房地产投机，他们建造了大量空置公寓。恒大的情况就是一个完美的例子。那曾经是中国2008年时的一个机遇，现在依然有这种机会。
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Yes, but for a while that population decline will mean rural communities in poorer provinces ageing, emptying and eventually disappearing while the largest cities continue to grow.
A lot of people in China still drive long distances or take domestic flights so the government may also be planning for a future where high speed rail is more dominant.
是的，但一段时间内，人口下降将意味着贫困省份的农村社区老化、空置并最终消失，而大城市则继续发展。
中国很多人仍然开车长途旅行或乘坐国内航班，因此政府可能也在为高铁占主导地位的未来做规划。
and it is built to hold the annual Chinese new year.
它是为了保证中国农历新年时的春运而建造的。
The train between Boston and Providence absofuckinlutely does not go 160MPH
波士顿和普罗维登斯之间的火车绝对不会以160英里/小时的速度行驶。
Yup, I know for a fact it doesn't lol. The global definition of a high speed train route is one that goes 250 kph (155 mph), of which there are none in the US...
是的，我知道事实并非如此，哈哈。全球对高速列车路线的定义是时速250公里（155英里）的列车路线，而美国没有这样的路线……
It's sad, the USA would be perfect for a high speed railway network, as because of the long distances, the advantages of high speed trains would come out much clearer than here in Germany, where you rarely have long stretches where the train can stay on it's top speed for longer, but in the USA, it could stay on speed for hours. Combine these high speed corridors with wind and solar powered alongside, fist to power the trains and second to use the railway's electric grid as a backbone to bring this renewable energy from the empty Midwest over to the coastal areas with high consumption.
很遗憾，美国本来是修建高速铁路网的完美之选，因为距离长，高速列车的优势比德国要明显得多，在德国，列车很少能在很长的时间内保持最高速度，但在美国，它可以保持数小时的速度。将这些高速走廊与风能和太阳能相结合，首先为列车提供动力，其次使用铁路电网作为骨干，将这种可再生能源从空旷的中西部地区输送到能源消耗高的沿海地区。
It wouldn’t be because we’re one of the least population dense countries in the world. Trains work best in population dense countries like China and Europe. The cost of these trains in the U.S. would be extremely high.
这不会像你想的那样，因为我们是世界上人口密度最低的国家之一。火车在人口密集的国家（如中国和欧洲）运行效果最好。在美国，这些火车的成本会非常高。
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That makes no sense. Trains are more efficient the less they have to stop, the faster they can go and the more people they can carry. Why do you think trains were literally everywhere in the us before the invention of cars? The only reason cars took over is because it was a status symbol that became associated with American culture and “freedom”
这毫无道理。火车的停车次数越少，效率就越高，行驶速度越快，载客量也越大。你认为为什么在汽车发明之前，火车在美国无处不在？汽车占据主导地位的唯一原因是，它是一种身份象征，与美国文化和“自由”联系在一起。
You wouldn't start with a broad network of high speed railway, you go with one or two main corridors and use normal railway as feeders, I'd do the Philly -Chicago-Denver-Frisco corridor first, it has the most potential for such a line.
Sure, such infrastructure is expensive and takes decades to build, but you can do it step by step and I'm sure, if you do it right, you can be comparably fast to a plane (where you have to be early at the airport, have security control, wait until it can start etc, which wats time), on a train, you hop on and hop off, that's it.
One of the biggest problems of American railways is, that there's at least half a century, if not more of neglect and missed chances to keep pace with other regions. If you kept investing step by step, you'd have the greatest high speed system worldwide, but all American railway companies do is to squeeze more and more freight on older and more broken rails.
你不会从一个广阔的高速铁路网络开始，而是先建一两条主要走廊，然后使用普通铁路作为支线，我会先建费城-芝加哥-丹佛-弗里斯科走廊，它最有潜力成为这样的线路。
当然，这样的基础设施很昂贵，需要几十年才能建成，但你可以一步一步来，我相信，如果你做得对，你可以像坐飞机一样快（你必须早点到机场，接受安检，等到他可以起飞等等，这很浪费时间），坐火车，你可以随上随下，就是这样。
美国铁路最大的问题之一是，至少有半个世纪，甚至更长的时间被忽视和错失了与其他地区保持同步的机会。如果你继续一步一步地投资，你就会拥有世界上最伟大的高速系统，但美国铁路公司所做的只是在更老、更破损的铁轨上塞进越来越多的货物。
Average density does not mean anything in this case, look at Russia for example. What matters are population centers and there the US has big issues because besides the old 13 colonies they don't really have any big population centers
在这种情况下，平均密度没有任何意义，以俄罗斯为例。重要的是人口中心，而美国在这方面存在很大问题，因为除了旧的13个殖民地外，他们实际上没有任何大型人口中心。
Auto and tire companies purchased the train companies and tracks so Americans would have no option other than buying a car. My relative became a millionaire from pulling up railroad ties from tracks that are no longer used.
汽车和轮胎公司收购了火车公司和铁轨，因此美国人除了买车别无选择。我的亲戚通过从不再使用的铁轨上拆下枕木成为了百万富翁。
The lobbying by the car and airline industries has made passenger transport by train extremely slow.
Boston -NYC: 4 hrs speed: 66 mph Washington -NYC: 3:15 hrs speed 90 mph
Meanwhile, I was on a train in France , cruising at 200mph, with free stable wifi.
The German version even has seat service for snacks, beer and coffee. Noice!
汽车和航空业的游说使得火车客运速度变得极其缓慢。
波士顿 - 纽约：4小时 速度：66英里/小时 华盛顿 - 纽约：3小时15分钟 速度：90英里/小时
与此同时，我在法国乘坐火车，时速200英里/小时，有免费稳定的wifi。
德国的甚至提供小吃、啤酒和咖啡的座位服务。太棒了！
Why does lobbying even exist. It's just corruption
为什么游说会存在？这只是腐败。
“Why does lobbying even exist. It’s just corruption”
That is precisely the reason in exists for
“游说为什么会存在？这只是腐败”
这正是游说存在的原因。
So many excuses. Coming from Japan and living in US I truly wish we had good passenger rail here. It’s very very convenient and it’s painful to see the massive highways jammed everyday when you know how good it could be.
The US for the past 60 or so years is pretty abysmal in terms of building infrastructure. And this is despite bipartisan support in congress, state government, and for the most part voters. For High speed rail construction. The Tokaido bullet train railway in Japan is 300 miles done in 5 years, and the Sanyo line 340 miles in another 5 years, basically back to back in the 1980s. About 1800 miles built by 2021. The EU-27 built a whopping 6800 miles of high speed railway in the span of 1985 to 2021. The Beijing-Kunming high speed railway is 1700 miles built in 7 years, 2010-2017. Despite the High-speed ground transportation act of 1965, Metroliner was only 200 miles in 4 years and barely faster than conventional train. Nothing came out of The Passenger Railroad Rebuilding Act of 1980. Metroliner was discontinued in 2006. 2008 California Prop 1A passes with an expected completion year of 2030 for 800 miles but construction doesn’t begin until 2015. “Officials hope a 119-mile portion… will be complete by 2026”. If we proceed at this pace, full completion will be 2083, a full 53 years past the initial estimate.
借口太多了。我来自日本，现在住在美国，真心希望我们这里有好的客运铁路。它非常方便，当你知道它有多好的时候，每天看到巨大的高速公路堵塞真是令人痛心。
过去60年左右，美国在基础设施建设方面表现相当糟糕。尽管国会、州政府和大多数选民都支持这一做法，但情况仍然如此。对于高速铁路建设。日本的东海道子弹头铁路在5年内建成了300英里，山阳线又在5年内建成了340英里，基本上是在1980年代连续建成的。到2021年将建成约1800英里。欧盟27国在1985年至2021年期间修建了长达6800英里的高铁。京昆高铁在2010-2017年的7年内建成了1700英里。尽管1965年颁布了高速地面交通法案，但都市特快在4年内只行驶了200英里，速度几乎不比传统火车快。1980年的客运铁路重建法案毫无进展。都市特快于2006年停运。2008年加州1A号提案通过，预计800英里铁路将于2030年完工，但施工要到2015年才开始。“官员们希望119英里的路段……将在2026年完工”。如果我们以这样的速度前进，全面完工将在2083年，比最初的估计整整晚了53年。
This is true, there are places where a high-speed rail line will never be competitive (NY to LA) just because of distance, but there are so many places in the US where a train line should be obvious. One going up the east and west coast, another in the Texas triangle, a rust belt line, and the north east should be absolutely jammed with rail.
The US has the largest rail network in the world, this shouldn't be all that hard.
确实如此，有些地方的高铁线路永远无法与纽约到洛杉矶竞争，原因就在于距离太远，但美国有很多地方应该有铁路线。一条线路沿着东海岸和西海岸，另一条线路在德克萨斯三角区，一条铁锈地带线路，东北部应该完全被铁路挤满。
美国拥有世界上最大的铁路网络，这应该不难。
That US map is very incomplete, the US has the largest rail network in the world.
那张美国地图很不完整，美国拥有世界上最大的铁路网络。
Yeah, U.S. has tons of freight railway. Looks like these maps are specifically of passenger rail, and the fact that they're not labelled as such is pretty dumb.
是的，美国有大量的货运铁路。看起来这些地图是专门针对客运铁路的，而它们没有被标记为客运铁路，这很愚蠢。
The US also has a ton of passenger trains not on this map. This as far as I can tell is just a map of the major lines
美国还有大量未在地图上标注的客运列车。据我所知，这只是一张主要线路的地图。
It’s just a map of the main Amtrak Passenger Trains
There’s many other passenger train lines, and far more freight train lines.
这只是一张主要是美国国家铁路客运公司客运列车的地图
还有许多其他客运列车线路，以及更多的货运列车线路。
True, I should have specified that these maps are for passenger trains only
没错，我应该说明这些地图仅适用于客运列车。
I'm literally sitting on a US passenger train NOT on this map
我实际上正坐在美国客运列车上，但这个线路没有在这张地图上。
Light rails are technically not considered locomotives and not trains
从技术上讲，轻轨不被视为机车，也不是火车。
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Everyone defends for the US but I just want to dream about going from Boston to NYC within 90 mins.
每个人都为美国辩护，但我只希望能在90分钟内从波士顿到达纽约。
The USA has a long history of corruption and Cargo preference, thus the embarrassingly horrible passenger train network. The Cargo lines have track use priority. There is also huge Airline industry lobbying to fight against for better Passenger routes. It's so sad here. We should have some of the best, but it just isn't meant to be here.
美国有着长期的腐败和货运偏好，因此客运列车网络糟糕得令人尴尬。货运线路享有优先使用权。航空业也大力游说，争取更好的客运路线。这真是太可悲了。我们应该拥有一些最好的，但它注定不会出现在这里。
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What an embarrassment
太丢脸了。
This is all the high speed passenger routes in the US plus all of these are also major freight routes which puts a major slow down to the whole operation. Are the routes in china just passenger routes for passenger trains?
这张图都是美国高速客运路线，而且这些路线也是主要的货运路线，这大大降低了整个运营的速度。图上中国的路线只是客运列车的客运路线吗？
China is investing in their middle class. It will pay dividends.
中国正在投资他们的中产阶级。这将带来回报。
don't people fly in the US? I live in Canada and don't know much about domestic flights in the us but I heard they are cheap.
美国没人坐飞机吗？我住在加拿大，对美国国内航班不太了解，但听说很便宜。
I live in a major US city on the west coast. Unless someone is covering my transportation costs, there are about 10 major metro areas (basically everything west of Denver) which I would visit by train 10 times out of 10 if it were a viable option. The US is big so air travel is a necessity especially if you're out west thousands of miles away from the bulk of the population.
But absent those longer trips, I'll sacrifice slower travel time for cheaper travel costs, a presumably more relaxed experience, and the reduced carbon emissions. Could also make for less crowded airports and a reduction in airfare prices. It's pathetic that we don't have a highly developed high speed passenger railway system.
我住在美国西海岸的一个大城市。除非有人承担我的交通费用，否则如果可行的话，我十有八九会坐火车去大约10个大都市地区旅行（基本上是丹佛以西的所有地区）。美国幅员辽阔，所以航空旅行是必需的，特别是如果你在远离大部分人口数千英里的西部。
但如果没有这些长途旅行，我会选择较慢的旅行时间，以换取更便宜的旅行费用、更轻松的体验和更少的碳排放。也可以减少机场拥挤，降低机票价格。我们没有高度发达的高速客运铁路系统，这真是太可悲了。
People do fly here in the US, but it's certainly not cheap.
在美国人们都是坐飞机出行，但肯定不便宜。
Nonstop flight NYC to LAX $118, is not bad, but everything is relative
纽约直飞洛杉矶国际机场118美元，还不错，但一切都是相对的。
That’s an awesome price, but you can’t get that price tomorrow. I’ve only been to China once, but was easy to book next day flight for $200-300.
这个价格太棒了，但明天就买不到这个价格了。我只去过中国一次，但第二天的航班很容易就订到了，只要200-300美元。
Yes you’re right but believe me I’ve lived in China and during the holidays there are times when tickets for trains and buses are sold out in minutes, I personally am a fan of trains but it is what it is
是的，你说得对，但相信我，我在中国生活过，假期期间，火车票和公交车票有时会在几分钟内售罄，我个人很喜欢火车，但这就是事实。
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On a list of things that are “too expensive” in America flying is damn well near the bottom. It used to cost a lot more relative to inflation… Airlines don’t make shit. As long as you aren’t booking last second ahead of time and don’t mind a layover you can find cheap flights to just about any major American city.
在美国“太贵”的物品清单中，飞行几乎排在最后。相对于通货膨胀，飞行成本曾经高得多……航空公司不赚钱。只要你不是在最后一秒提前预订，并且不介意中途停留，你就能找到飞往几乎任何美国主要城市的廉价航班。
Depends. It was cheaper for me to ride a train to BWI and fly, than it was to fly directly from RIC
It takes the same amount of time to take the train to NYC than to drive from here. Flights are not even comparable price wise
视情况而定。对我来说，坐火车到华盛顿国际机场再坐飞机比直接从里士满国际机场飞便宜
坐火车到纽约和开车去的时间一样。机票价格甚至都无法相比。
A lot of those lines in China are uneconomical, and were built as an economic stimulus.
They are carrying a lot of debt that they can't pay.
中国的许多铁路线都是不赚钱的，是为了刺激经济而修建的。
他们背负着无法偿还的巨额z务。
As do many US flying routes. In fact the busy routes subsidize the slow flying routes in the USA.
就像许多美国航线一样。事实上，繁忙的航线补贴了美国飞行缓慢的航线。
Transport is to transport people. Everything need not be for profit
交通就是载人，一切不一定以盈利为目的。
Public transportation doesn’t have to to profitable, since it provides a public service. The fact that some lines are profitable at all, and that revenue comes in from the infrastructure, makes it far more efficient than some other “services” provided by the government, such as the military or space program.
公共交通不一定要盈利，因为它提供的是公共服务。事实上，一些线路是盈利的，收入来自基础设施，这使得它比政府提供的其他“服务”更有效率，如军事或太空计划。
Before anyone says “but America is so big” remember that China is bigger than
在有人说“但美国这么大”之前，请记住中国比美国更大。
These are commuter maps. The US has a fuck ton of cargo rail.
这些是通勤地图。美国有大量的货运铁路。
China's system is way overbuilt.
However, US's system is even moreso underbuilt.
中国的铁路系统建设得过多了。
然而，美国的铁路系统建设得更不完善。
I mean, it is an unfair comparison. China has a billion people compared to American 300 million, it has larger areas of high population density and invests in railways.
我的意思是，这是一个不公平的比较。中国有超过10亿人口，而美国只有3亿，中国拥有更大的人口密度高地区，并且投资于铁路。
The first railroad in the US began in 1828. China's first autonomous railway started in 1881. However, there was a long period of war between 1840 and 1950, and it was only in 1950 that stable railway construction began. This is equivalent to the US being a hundred years ahead of schedule
美国第一条铁路始于1828年，中国第一条自主铁路始于1881年，但1840年至1950年之间经历了漫长的战争，直到1950年才开始稳定的铁路建设，这相当于美国提前了一百年。
I agree. It's unfair to compare a second world country like China to a third world country like the USA.
我同意。将中国这样的第二世界国家与美国这样的第三世界国家进行比较是不公平的。
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