是什么导致商代中国人如此早地开始记录历史，而不是像大多数其他欧亚民族那样延续传奇的口头传统？他们更关心准确性吗？它与苏美尔人、埃及人和印度人有何不同？
What caused the Shang Chinese to begin recording history so early instead of continuing a legendary oral tradition like most other Eurasian peoples? Do they care more about accuracy? How was it different from the Sumerians, Egyptians and Indus?
译文简介
网友：不，你错了。商朝的中国人不喜欢记录历史。商代发现的甲骨文全部都是占卜记载，这些占卜记载只不过是从某个角度记录了一部分历史，但显然这并不是它们的目的......
正文翻译
@Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorJul 21
No, you are wrong
The Chinese in the Shang Dynasty did not like to record history
All the oracle bone documents discovered in the Shang Dynasty are divination records. It's just that these divination records record part of history from a certain perspective, but obviously this is not their purpose.
不，你错了
商朝的中国人不喜欢记录历史
商代发现的甲骨文全部都是占卜记载，这些占卜记载只不过是从某个角度记录了一部分历史，但显然这并不是它们的目的。
Living in Singapore, professional investorJul 21
No, you are wrong
The Chinese in the Shang Dynasty did not like to record history
All the oracle bone documents discovered in the Shang Dynasty are divination records. It's just that these divination records record part of history from a certain perspective, but obviously this is not their purpose.
不，你错了
商朝的中国人不喜欢记录历史
商代发现的甲骨文全部都是占卜记载，这些占卜记载只不过是从某个角度记录了一部分历史，但显然这并不是它们的目的。
For example:
One oracle bone says: On a certain day (date), Fu Hao will attack the State of Ba in the east. Will she win?
This is actually a divination for the Shang king, wanting to know whether the female general Fu Hao will win the attack on the State of Ba on a certain day.
But this oracle inscxtion records a piece of history from the side: On a certain date, Fu Hao led the army to attack the State of Ba
In fact, almost all oracle bones are written in this way. You can't call it "recording history"
It took hundreds of years for the Chinese to really start to officially record history until the first real history book "Shangshu (Book of Documents/Shu King)" was born, which was already in the Zhou Dynasty (10th century BC), when the Shang Dynasty had already perished.
例如：
有一块甲骨文说：妇好将在某一天向东进攻巴国。她会赢吗？
这其实是给商王的一个占卜，想知道某年某月某日，女将军妇好能否在攻打巴国的战役中取得胜利。
但这篇卜辞却从侧面记载了一段历史：某年某月某日，妇好率领大军攻打巴国
事实上，几乎所有的甲骨文都是这样写的。你不能称之为“记录历史”
中国人用了几百年的时间才真正开始正式记录历史，直到第一部真正意义上的历史书《尚书》诞生，那时已经是周朝（公元前10世纪），商朝已经灭亡。
One oracle bone says: On a certain day (date), Fu Hao will attack the State of Ba in the east. Will she win?
This is actually a divination for the Shang king, wanting to know whether the female general Fu Hao will win the attack on the State of Ba on a certain day.
But this oracle inscxtion records a piece of history from the side: On a certain date, Fu Hao led the army to attack the State of Ba
In fact, almost all oracle bones are written in this way. You can't call it "recording history"
It took hundreds of years for the Chinese to really start to officially record history until the first real history book "Shangshu (Book of Documents/Shu King)" was born, which was already in the Zhou Dynasty (10th century BC), when the Shang Dynasty had already perished.
例如：
有一块甲骨文说：妇好将在某一天向东进攻巴国。她会赢吗？
这其实是给商王的一个占卜，想知道某年某月某日，女将军妇好能否在攻打巴国的战役中取得胜利。
但这篇卜辞却从侧面记载了一段历史：某年某月某日，妇好率领大军攻打巴国
事实上，几乎所有的甲骨文都是这样写的。你不能称之为“记录历史”
中国人用了几百年的时间才真正开始正式记录历史，直到第一部真正意义上的历史书《尚书》诞生，那时已经是周朝（公元前10世纪），商朝已经灭亡。
This book records the history of the Shang Dynasty and the history of the xia Dynasty before the Shang Dynasty. It should be compiled by historians at that time based on various scattered documents left over from the past. It is an important source of information for China's most famous history book "Records of the Grand Historian".
Despite this, China is still the best at recording history among all ancient civilizations. Since the birth of "Book of Documents", Confucian scholars have been keen on recording history. They believe that history can help rulers better understand society, learn lessons and understand how to better govern the country. History has also become a symbol of the continuation of power when Chinese dynasties change: if the new dynasty claims to be the successor of the empire, then you must respect the previous dynasty, take care of the previous emperor's tomb, respect the country's system and organize history for the previous dynasty.
Therefore, historical officials have always been a noble profession in ancient China, and only the most reputable scholars can serve. They will not even obey the emperor's instructions because they believe that history is very serious and cannot be tampered with.
此书记载了商朝的历史和商朝之前夏朝的历史，应是当时史学家根据历代遗留的各种零散文献整理而成，是中国最著名的史书《史记》的重要资料来源。
尽管如此，中国仍然是所有古代文明中最善于记录历史的国家。自《尚书》诞生以来，儒家学者就热衷于记录历史。他们认为历史可以帮助统治者更好地了解社会，吸取教训，了解如何更好地治理国家。历史也成为中国王朝更替时权力延续的象征：如果新王朝自称是帝国的继承者，那么就必须尊重前朝，照顾好前任皇帝的陵墓，尊重国家的制度，为前朝整理历史。
所以史官在中国古代一直是一个高贵的职业，只有最有声望的学者才能担任，他们甚至不会听从皇帝的吩咐，因为他们认为历史非常严肃，不容篡改。
Despite this, China is still the best at recording history among all ancient civilizations. Since the birth of "Book of Documents", Confucian scholars have been keen on recording history. They believe that history can help rulers better understand society, learn lessons and understand how to better govern the country. History has also become a symbol of the continuation of power when Chinese dynasties change: if the new dynasty claims to be the successor of the empire, then you must respect the previous dynasty, take care of the previous emperor's tomb, respect the country's system and organize history for the previous dynasty.
Therefore, historical officials have always been a noble profession in ancient China, and only the most reputable scholars can serve. They will not even obey the emperor's instructions because they believe that history is very serious and cannot be tampered with.
此书记载了商朝的历史和商朝之前夏朝的历史，应是当时史学家根据历代遗留的各种零散文献整理而成，是中国最著名的史书《史记》的重要资料来源。
尽管如此，中国仍然是所有古代文明中最善于记录历史的国家。自《尚书》诞生以来，儒家学者就热衷于记录历史。他们认为历史可以帮助统治者更好地了解社会，吸取教训，了解如何更好地治理国家。历史也成为中国王朝更替时权力延续的象征：如果新王朝自称是帝国的继承者，那么就必须尊重前朝，照顾好前任皇帝的陵墓，尊重国家的制度，为前朝整理历史。
所以史官在中国古代一直是一个高贵的职业，只有最有声望的学者才能担任，他们甚至不会听从皇帝的吩咐，因为他们认为历史非常严肃，不容篡改。
By the way, here I want to mention a word "history"
In English, its root can be divided into Hi and story. There is a certain hint here that history is a non-serious topic, which is often confused with stories, legends, and myths. It is a synonym for epic.
But in China, this word is pronounced as "Lishi'，The roots are Li and Shi, which represent 'time' and 'log'. So in the Chinese context, history is a serious science, and they pursue accuracy and precision.
This leads to different attitudes of Chinese and Western civilizations towards history.
Thousands of years later, the Chinese have a clear and serious historical archive, and their archive is like a big tree. Thousands of historical books of different levels record the events of every year and every day from various angles. They even formed a chain effect: it is meaningless to tamper with one of them.
The Sumerians, Egyptians and Indians left almost no such archives. Their history can only be found from cultural relics, stone tablets, legends and incomplete scxtures.
对了，这里我想提一下“历史”这个词
在英语中，它的词根可以分为Hi和story 。这里有一定的暗示，历史是一个非严肃的话题，经常与故事、传说、神话相混淆。它是史诗（epic）的近义词。
但在中国，这个词的发音为“Lishi”，词根是“Li历”和“Shi史” ，代表“时间”和“日志”。所以在中国语境中，历史是一门严肃的科学，追求准确和精确。
这就导致中西方文明对待历史的态度不同。
几千年后，中国人有了清晰、严肃的历史档案，他们的档案就像一棵大树，成千上万本不同层次的史书从各个角度记录着每一年、每一天发生的事情，甚至形成了区块链效应：篡改其中任何一本都是没有意义的。
苏美尔人、埃及人和印度人几乎没有留下这样的档案，他们的历史只能从文物、石碑、传说和残缺的经文中寻找。
In English, its root can be divided into Hi and story. There is a certain hint here that history is a non-serious topic, which is often confused with stories, legends, and myths. It is a synonym for epic.
But in China, this word is pronounced as "Lishi'，The roots are Li and Shi, which represent 'time' and 'log'. So in the Chinese context, history is a serious science, and they pursue accuracy and precision.
This leads to different attitudes of Chinese and Western civilizations towards history.
Thousands of years later, the Chinese have a clear and serious historical archive, and their archive is like a big tree. Thousands of historical books of different levels record the events of every year and every day from various angles. They even formed a chain effect: it is meaningless to tamper with one of them.
The Sumerians, Egyptians and Indians left almost no such archives. Their history can only be found from cultural relics, stone tablets, legends and incomplete scxtures.
对了，这里我想提一下“历史”这个词
在英语中，它的词根可以分为Hi和story 。这里有一定的暗示，历史是一个非严肃的话题，经常与故事、传说、神话相混淆。它是史诗（epic）的近义词。
但在中国，这个词的发音为“Lishi”，词根是“Li历”和“Shi史” ，代表“时间”和“日志”。所以在中国语境中，历史是一门严肃的科学，追求准确和精确。
这就导致中西方文明对待历史的态度不同。
几千年后，中国人有了清晰、严肃的历史档案，他们的档案就像一棵大树，成千上万本不同层次的史书从各个角度记录着每一年、每一天发生的事情，甚至形成了区块链效应：篡改其中任何一本都是没有意义的。
苏美尔人、埃及人和印度人几乎没有留下这样的档案，他们的历史只能从文物、石碑、传说和残缺的经文中寻找。
评论翻译
很赞 ( 53 )
收藏
In English, its root can be divided into Hi and story
Interesting article. Just a point on the above. History is not divided into two. It's one word and comes from the Greek historia.
The original meaning was inquiry/research, in the context of any knowledge acquired through study of the subject. In Latin this ended up being used mostly for narration of historical facts.
Story is derived from the same word
在英语中，它的词根可以分为 Hi 和 story
有趣的文章。关于以上内容的一点意见。历史这个词并不能分成两个部分的。它是一个词，源自希腊语 "historia"。
其原意是对任何通过学习获得的知识的探究/研究。在拉丁语中，它主要用于历史事实的叙述。
"Story" 也来自同一个词。
You are right, but you are talking about the origin of the word. I am talking about the implications of the word for modern people.
你说得对，但你说的是词的起源。我说的是这个词对现代人的影响。
You are correct concerning the etymology, but that is not the only mistake, there is a curious ignorance of Greek and Latin history. I downvoted because it is in general incorrect concerning the Middle East as well as overestimating true early history in China.
你关于词源的说法是对的，但这不是唯一的错误，对希腊和拉丁历史的无知也是令人惊讶的。我点了反对，因为这篇文章整体上对中东的描述不正确，并且高估了中国早期的真实历史。
The Chinese had bamboo then later paper after all. Much better materials for recording than skins or reeds.
毕竟中国人最早用竹子，后来用纸。这些材料比兽皮或芦苇更适合记录。
All those will rot and not going to last lol
Same like our current civilization, SSD, HDD, or any digital media will not last 3000 years after modern civilization collapse. while inscxtion on Stone Tablets or carving on stone would easily last million of years. Oracle bones last because well… they inscribed it on bones..
Scroll, Bamboo or paper would not last as long. The most ancient medium of writing in rock is unknowingly still the best for preservation
所有这些都会腐烂，无法长久保存，哈哈。
和我们现在的文明一样，SSD、HDD或任何数字媒体在现代文明崩溃后都不会持续3000年。而石碑上的铭文或石雕可以轻松保存数百万年。甲骨文之所以保存下来，是因为它们刻在骨头上……
卷轴、竹子或纸都不会保存那么久。最古老的石头书写媒介仍然是不知不觉中保存最好的。
“All those will rot and not going to last lol”
I feel that you lack knowledge about traditional Chinese handmade papermaking. Even if it is used to practice calligraphy, the rough edge paper of poor quality made by ancient Chinese methods has a lifespan of about 1360 years. As for better quality bast paper, its shelf life is about 6,500 years.
Little boy Bu Tianshou's calligraphy homework was unearthed from a Tang Dynasty tomb dating back 1,500 years:
“所有这些都会腐烂，无法长久保存，哈哈”
我觉得你对中国传统手工造纸缺乏了解。即使是用来练习书法的边缘粗糙、质量差的纸，其寿命也有约1360年。而质量更好的麻纸，其寿命约为6500年。
一个名叫步天寿的小男孩的书法作业从一个有1500年历史的唐代墓中出土：
“写书今日了，先生莫嫌迟。明朝是假日，早放学生归。”
ruh, thats assumption you make that the shelf life is 6500 years. in reality, you wont find paper that last that long. a Lab condition not going going to apply in real life. oldest Chinese paper relic is just 2200 years old you know
even if you insist on it, rock painting can last eons. oldest rock painting easily last 60.000 years. or even more than that
哦，那是你假设的寿命是6500年。实际上，你找不到保存这么久的纸。在现实生活中，实验室条件并不适用。你知道，最古老的中国纸质文物只有2200年。
即使你坚持，岩画可以保存数百万年。最古老的岩画轻易就能保存6万年，甚至更久。
This is not a hypothesis, it is a fact that has been proven by experiments. The paper in the picture I listed is basically intact and is nearly 1,500 years old (although its theoretical lifespan is only more than 1,300 years).
这不是假设，而是经过实验验证的事实。我列出的图片中的纸张基本完好，已经接近1500年（尽管其理论寿命只有1300多年）。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
so ?, aint I correct then that I saying its short lived
Human have civilization spanning ten of thousand years ago. The Cities of Jericho was build 11.000 years ago, with record stating the construction of its wall 8000 years ago.
1,500 years old documentation is just short lived, compared to what humanities have passed. Epic of Gilgamesh is 3600 years old. and the earliest Hieroglyph found is like 5260 years old~
那么，我说的不是正确的吗？这就是短暂的寿命。
人类的文明可以追溯到数万年前。耶利哥城建于1.1万年前，有记录表明其城墙的建造可追溯到8000年前。1500年的文献相比于人类文明的历程来说只是短暂的。《吉尔伽美什史诗》有3600年历史，最早的象形文字约有5260年历史。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Epic of Gilgamesh is 3600 years old, do you really believe he was son of god?
《吉尔伽美什史诗》有3600年历史，你真的相信他是神的儿子吗？
Bamboo were probably the hardest to manufacture and used
But once they had paper and brushes it's a different ball game. Printing and stamping methods came along by 1000s so they preserved the printing plates which could be metal
竹子可能是最难制造和使用的材料。
但一旦有了纸和毛笔，就完全不同了。到了1000年代，印刷和雕刻技术出现了，他们保存了印刷板，这些板可能是金属的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
in essence of things, wood and bamboo still relatively very short lived medium for record keeping. Oldest Stone Tablet record is like 5000 years old, The Oracle Bones is 3000 years+, while Upper limit of Wood tablet is around 2400. while peak human record keeping was 51.000 year Cave painting
Erlitou Civilization (pre-shang) has Proto-Writing similiar to ancient Egypt Hieroglyph. which I find interesting. but it lack Records which quite a shame, maybe because they record in skin or bamboo ? unlike Inscribed in stone
If 30,000 year in future alien visit earth, the record of Earth modern civilization would be Spray Grafiti painted inside a Tunnel somewhere~
从本质上讲，木材和竹子仍然是相对寿命很短的记录媒介。最古老的石碑记录约有5000年历史，甲骨文有3000年以上，而木板的寿命上限约为2400年。而人类记录保存的巅峰是51000年的洞穴壁画。
二里头文明（商朝前）有类似于古埃及象形文字的原始文字，这让我觉得很有趣。但它缺乏记录，这很可惜，也许是因为他们用皮革或竹子记录？不像石刻。
如果3万年后外星人访问地球，现代文明的记录可能是某个隧道内的喷涂涂鸦。
Erlitou Civilization (pre-shang) has Proto-Writing similiar to ancient Egypt Hieroglyph. which I find interesting. but it lack Records which quite a shame, maybe because they record in skin or bamboo ? unlike Inscribed in stone
Who knows , we have bronze with inscxtion from Shang and Zhou .
If it's something required on a permanent record they would have cast it or carved .
Any carving on bamboo isn't seen the same way . It's basically a book .
二里头文明（商朝前）有类似于古埃及象形文字的原始文字，这让我觉得很有趣。但它缺乏记录，这很可惜，也许是因为他们用皮革或竹子记录？不像石刻。
谁知道呢，我们有来自商朝和周朝的刻有铭文的青铜器。
如果需要永久记录的东西，他们会铸造或雕刻。
任何竹子上的雕刻都不会以同样的方式被视为重要。这基本上就是一本书。
There 4 places that is cradle of human civilization. Mesopotamia and Ancient egypt has relatively well preserved. but Yellow river and Indus river valley was not so much
I find it interesting because Chinese collective memory was quite well preserved, like how Qilin was fitting descxtion to what seems to be Ancient Rhinoceroses that used to inhabited China, or how Elephant Bronze relic was found, despite Elephant was extinct from China since 3500 years ago.
Yellow Emperor, suspected to be historical figure. and such interesting figure that enter Chinese collective memory, but lack of Records
I like such stories from such “Age of Myth” - which Ancient China has plenty of that of. is it realy happen.? is it fantasy? The Noah Flood etc, its fringe. but some can be very interesting.
there is Legend of Sangkuriang in Indonesia. it basicly a local legend that used to passed oraly. tldr its told an origin story of a mountain, which involved a young man trying to wooo his own mother, by making a lake and took her for a boat ride. the Interesting thing was there is no Lake to be found in the area.. well, until Geographical record show there it is! but its dried up some 16.000 years ago. how folklore connect to past is fascinating.
thats why its a shame that Pre-Shang has not Inscribing their stories in stone
有四个地方是人类文明的摇篮。美索不达米亚和古埃及保存得相对较好。但黄河和印度河流域就不那么幸运了。
我觉得很有趣，因为中国的集体记忆保存得相当好，比如麒麟的描述似乎符合古代曾居住在中国的犀牛，或者发现的大象青铜遗物，尽管大象在3500年前就已从中国灭绝。
黄帝，被怀疑是历史人物。这样一个有趣的人物进入了中国的集体记忆，但缺乏记录。
我喜欢这种“神话时代”的故事——古代中国有很多这样的故事。它真的发生了吗？是幻想吗？诺亚方舟等等，这些都是边缘话题，但有些故事很有趣。
在印度尼西亚有一个关于桑库里扬的传说。基本上是一个通过口口相传的地方传说。故事简短，是一个年轻人试图通过造湖带母亲泛舟的故事。有趣的是，当时没有湖……直到地理记录显示它确实存在！但它在大约16000年前就干涸了。民间传说与过去的联系非常有趣。
这就是为什么前商时期没有在石头上铭刻他们的故事的遗憾。
There was a video I watched on Chinese oral traditions/folk stories . The chap mentioned it seems hard to memorise as a lay person but if you get into it most of these guys have a particular formula or format so they're just following the format when reciting the history . It's not so much remembering the words verbatim as it is the sequence and formula
我看过一个关于中国口述传统/民间故事的视频。视频中提到，作为外行人似乎很难记住这些故事，但如果你深入了解，大多数人都有特定的公式或格式，因此他们在讲述历史时只是在遵循这些格式。这并不是逐字逐句地记住，而是记住顺序和公式。
Most Oral tradition would become poem, prayer or singing. as it easier to remember. the epic of Gilgamesh is basicly 5 chained poems We know that pre xia, there various civilization that distinct to traditional “Chinese Dynasty”. Hemudu people that used to live near Hangzhou was basicly Proto-Austronesian people. and Liangzhu Civilization prob toppled by 4.2 Kiloyear event. that bring Severe Drought to Old Egypt, Akkadian, Indus and severe flood to Liangzhu. which if you bring myth into mix would seemingly correspond to Legend of the Great flood of Gun-Yu. which told massive flood lasting for 2 Generation. which I belive quite fundamental story in Chinese culture
大多数口头传统会成为诗歌、祈祷或歌唱，因为这样更容易记住。《吉尔伽美什史诗》基本上是五首连锁诗。我们知道在夏朝之前，有各种不同于传统“中华王朝”的文明。曾居住在杭州附近的河姆渡人基本上是原始南岛人。而良渚文明可能因4200年前的自然灾害而被摧毁，该事件导致古埃及、阿卡德、印度和良渚的严重干旱。结合神话的话，这似乎对应于《大禹治水》的传说，据说这场洪水持续了两代人。我相信这是中国文化中非常基本的故事。
This is why the average modern Chinese can easily read texts written more than 2,000 years ago, while the Middle East and the West rely on professionals to decipher texts carved in stone. Because paper allows knowledge to spread quickly, neither wars nor natural disasters interrupt the transmission of knowledge.
这就是为什么普通现代中国人可以轻松阅读2000多年前的文本，而中东和西方则依赖专业人员来解读刻在石头上的文本。因为纸张允许知识迅速传播，战争或自然灾害都不会中断知识的传递。
These books or recorded information would be copied / reprinted. If there were really only a single book or a single sheet of paper, it would be impossible to be widely disseminated and preserved.
这些书籍或记录的信息会被复制/重印。如果真的只有一本书或一张纸，是不可能广泛传播和保存的。
I recently read this article and would like to share it
我最近读了这篇文章，想分享一下
Wasn't this the beginning of these prophecies (I Ching), which are 5000 years old?
不是《易经》最早吗？它有5000年历史。
That's more like divination
那更像是占卜。
It's a prophecy anyway. The oldest known divination book also offers philosophical theories on wisdom. It is considered a miracle that it has survived for such a long time.
It's interesting what kind of technique has thousands of years of age, almost the same age as the stone tablet records.
无论如何，这都是一个预言。已知最古老的占卜书也提供了关于智慧的哲学理论。它能够保存这么长时间被认为是一个奇迹。
有趣的是，这种技术有数千年的历史，几乎与石碑记录的年龄相同。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Shu King could mean a phonetic translation of 書經 or 书经. In Mandarin the translation should be Shu Jing. The meaning is history book or history bible.
Yes, 書 or 书 means documents or documents of history. And 經 or 经 means bible.
"Shu King" 可能是书经的音译。在普通话中应该翻译为"ShuJing"。意思是历史书或历史圣经。
是的，"书"的意思是文件或历史文件。"经"的意思是圣经。
"Shu King" 也可以指蜀国或四川的国王。早在公元前2000年就有这样的国王。
Shu King is often used to refer to 尚书
"Shu King" 通常用来指代《尚书》。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
WOW. FIRST TIME WRITTEN RECORDS OF CHINA IS EXPLAINED. I CAN CONCUR SIR WITH YOU. THANK YOU
哇，第一次解释了中国的书面记录。我同意你的说法。谢谢。
The Zhou Kings required his Lords of each State to record not only important events of his state, but also those of neighboring states. Those records are ‘time-stamped” with dates and astrological observations made of the night sky, such as planetary and star positions, the calculation methods of which were kept to the Zhou court astronomers.
This can be seen as an early form of block-chain records. Each year the Zhou king collect those records from the lords of each state under him and cross-references them for consistency. Like, why your state did not record this event while your neighbours did? Or, why did this event you claimed happened on a different date with different astrological observation to his? And with this the Zhou king keeps tabs on his realm.
Later dynasties since Qin with centralised bureaucracy rather than feudalistic governance no longer use ‘event recording’ as main form of control, but the seriousness and exactness of maintaining ‘historical’ records remained.
周朝的国王要求各国的诸侯不仅要记录本国的重要事件，还要记录邻国的事件。这些记录带有日期和夜空的天文观测，比如行星和星星的位置，其计算方法由周朝的天文学家保管。
这可以看作是一种早期的区块链记录。每年，周王会收集各国诸侯的记录，并相互参照以保持一致性。比如，为什么你的国家没有记录这个事件，而你的邻国却记录了？或者，为什么你声称发生的事件与其他国家记录的日期和天文观测不同？通过这种方式，周王掌控了他的领土。
自秦朝以来，后来的朝代由于集权的官僚体系取代了封建统治，不再将"事件记录"作为主要控制手段，但保持“历史”记录的严肃性和准确性依然存在。
Isn’t the first history book in China the "Spring and Autumn Annals" written by Confucius?
中国第一本历史书不是孔子写的《春秋》吗？
The Book of Documents appeared earlier than the Spring and Autumn Annals. In fact, when the Book of Documents appeared, Confucianism had not yet been born. The Confucian version of the Book of Documents is essentially a revised version.
《尚书》出现的时间早于《春秋》。事实上，当《尚书》出现时，儒家尚未诞生。儒家版的《尚书》本质上是修订版。