古罗马人为什么没有发明并使用战车呢？
Why didn’t the Ancient Romans invent and then use a war chariot?
译文简介
网友：战车在罗马崛起之前已有数千年历史。苏美尔人大约在5000年前开始使用由野马拉动的战车。这些战车可能对轻装敌人和散兵游勇颇具效果。它们在失去效力后可能被保留作为交通工具和地位象征。
正文翻译
Zebedee
Chariots had been invented thousands of years before Rome rose to power. The Sumerians used the first onager-drawn battle carts about 5,000 years ago. They may have been fairly effective against lightly-armed foes and people in loose formations. Its possible they were retain as transport and status symbols after they ceased to be effective.
Chariots wouldn’t be much used off-road in a mountainous or broken terrain, like much of Europe. Chariots also fared poorly against heavy infantry and cavalry were much more flexible than chariots.
战车在罗马崛起之前已有数千年历史。苏美尔人大约在5000年前开始使用由野马拉动的战车。这些战车可能对轻装敌人和散兵游勇颇具效果。它们在失去效力后可能被保留作为交通工具和地位象征。
战车在像欧洲大部分地区那样的山地或崎岖地形中不太适用。战车也不如重步兵表现出色，而骑兵比战车更加灵活。
Chariots had been invented thousands of years before Rome rose to power. The Sumerians used the first onager-drawn battle carts about 5,000 years ago. They may have been fairly effective against lightly-armed foes and people in loose formations. Its possible they were retain as transport and status symbols after they ceased to be effective.
Chariots wouldn’t be much used off-road in a mountainous or broken terrain, like much of Europe. Chariots also fared poorly against heavy infantry and cavalry were much more flexible than chariots.
战车在罗马崛起之前已有数千年历史。苏美尔人大约在5000年前开始使用由野马拉动的战车。这些战车可能对轻装敌人和散兵游勇颇具效果。它们在失去效力后可能被保留作为交通工具和地位象征。
战车在像欧洲大部分地区那样的山地或崎岖地形中不太适用。战车也不如重步兵表现出色，而骑兵比战车更加灵活。
评论翻译
很赞 ( 2 )
收藏
Chariots had already been invented long before Rome came to power. By the time of Rome, war chariots were already an archaic/fading technology. Chariots were replaced with something better Cavalry.
The Romans did fight against war chariots, e.g Julius Caesar during the Gallic wars, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus during the Boudican Revolt.
二轮战车一直存在，直到罗马崛起之前。战车在罗马时代已经是一种过时的技术。战车被更好的骑兵所取代。
罗马人曾与战车作战，例如在高卢战争期间的凯撒大帝，以及在博迪卡叛乱期间的盖乌斯-苏埃托尼乌斯-保利努斯
在战场上快速移动的能力非常有利，战车之所以在骑兵之前出现，仅仅是因为马匹的能力不足以使骑兵成为可行的选择。高效的马匹繁殖使得战车得以改良，进而使战车在战争中表现出色。随着时间的推移，马匹足够强壮，能够背负士兵进入战斗。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
骑兵简单来说比战车更优越，它们更加灵活，更高效地利用人力，机动性更强，在欧洲不平整的地形和茂密的森林中表现更佳。现在，不再是两匹马拉动一个驾驶员和一个弓箭手，而是两匹马可以搭载两名弓箭手或两名配备剑和长矛的士兵。
Sure archery is a good sport, you wouldn't find any modern army equipping their soldiers with longbows, as instruments of war it is obsolete. That's quite similar to war chariots and Rome
更强壮的马匹使战车在战争中变得过时。但战车赛仍然在罗马帝国时期很受欢迎。
确实，射箭是一项很好的运动，但你不会在任何现代军队中看到士兵装备长弓，因为长弓在作为战争工具时已经过时。这与战车和罗马类似。
Because by the time Rome became a significant state, war chariots were already obsolete.
War chariots were a military innovation at the time, where horses were not yet large enough for a human to ride in war. Therefore they were used to pull chariots.
By the time Rome became a powerful state, cavalry already existed, and the usefulness of chariots was much diminished. Rome had cavalry instead.
因为当罗马成为一个重要国家时，战车已经过时了。 战车是当时的一个军事创新，因为马匹尚未足够大以供人类在战争中骑乘，所以它们被用来拉战车。 当罗马成为一个强大国家时，骑兵已经存在，战车的实用性大大减弱。罗马取而代之的是骑兵。
Because chariots had already been invented, and were limited to places where wheels would work (parts of Egypt, for example, not much of Europe). The Romans did much better. They invented the war horse.
因为战车已经被发明，并且限制在能使用轮子的地方（例如埃及的一些地方，但欧洲大部分地区都不适合）。罗马人做得更好。他们发明了战马。
首先通过繁殖更大的马，其次通过发展配件，特别是马鞍。这是一种木结构，给骑手提供形状，并且比毯子或皮革垫子有巨大的优势，因为它能分散骑手的重量，并为实际战斗提供更坚固的基础，而不仅仅是骑往战场。因此，最早的罗马骑兵是长枪兵。（战车上通常有一个驾驶员和一个站在平台上的战士。）
The bit and bridle and spurs allowed control with one hand.
If only they had invented the stirrup they would have been like modern horsemen. This is often regarded as the greatest military invention ever, greatly increasing control, reducing fatigue and allowing different fighting methods.
(Despite what is shown on films and TV ancient Greeks did not ride around with all the equipment of a modern cowboy.)
这种形式的鞍座也允许东西挂在上面。
马嚼子、缰绳和马刺可以让人单手控制。
如果他们发明了马镫，他们会像现代骑士一样。这通常被认为是有史以来最伟大的军事发明，极大地增加了控制力，减少了疲劳，并允许不同的战斗方法。
(尽管电影和电视上都有介绍，但古希腊人并没有像现代牛仔那样骑着马到处跑。）
If you took the Roman infantry formations with heavy interlocked shields, there want much a chariot could do except stand off at a distance and throw javelins or arrows that would be blocked.
如果你考虑到罗马步兵的重型互锁盾牌编队，战车实际上无法做太多事情，除了远距离投掷标枪或箭矢，而这些可以被挡住。
不列颠女王布狄卡及其军队展示了罗马的杀伤机器几乎对一切都有抵挡之能，除了也许另一个经过训练的罗马军团。罗马在现代德国的条顿堡森林的经历也显示出致命的弱点。在茂密森林中以稀疏的队形展开，罗马的战术毫无用处，而当地部落能够从两侧包围进攻。两个军团几乎全军覆没。
Because they were worthless. Many historians believe that the chariots mentioned in the Iliad were anachronisms at the time of Homer already, and even in those early times the Greeks had long got rid of them.
因为它们是毫无用处的。许多历史学家认为，《伊利亚特》中提到的战车在荷马时代已经过时，甚至在那个早期时期，希腊人早已摒弃了它们。
1- chariots and good quality chariots are Very expensive. Pursay 2 horses can pull a 1–2 person chariot. (The chariot itself would cost around 2 horses worth plus 2 pulling it). Not bad.
but 4 horse chariots that can hold 4–5 people are quite expensive being able to afford more cavalry units with armour and weapons vs a single unit with more units exposed.
战车和高质量的战车非常昂贵。普遍说来，两匹马可以拉动一个可容纳1到2人的战车（战车本身的成本大约相当于两匹马的价值再加上两匹拉车）。这还算不错。但是能容纳4到5人、由4匹马拉动的战车非常昂贵，而用同样的成本可以买更多配备盔甲和武器的骑兵部队，而不是暴露更多部队。
Javelins are direct counters to chariots.
不管怎样，战车只能执行特定的机动。首先，战车不能进行急转弯，也不能应对极端崎岖的地形。它们无法像骑在马上的人一样支持步兵编队，也不能充当侦察员或对抗长矛。标枪是战车的直接克星。
Did the Ancient Romans ever create war chariots? if not, why not? Did the Ancient Romans ever create war chariots? if not why not?The Ancient Romans didn’t create war chariots but the Ancient Romans used chariots in the Circus Maximus that the emperor Augstus built in memoriam to his dead cousin.The Ancient Romans didn;t use war chariots they were too unpractible to use during times of war.and took up too much room.
古罗马人有没有制造战车？如果没有，为什么没有？古罗马人没有制造战车，主要是因为战车在战争时期实用性不高，占据空间过大。古罗马人在马克西姆斯马戏团使用战车，这是奥古斯都为了纪念他已故的表兄所建。古罗马人没有使用战车是因为它们在战争时期实用性不高，并且占据空间过大。
Technology had long since moved on from the days of war chariots. They were useful about 1200 years before the Roman Empire. By the time Rome became a power, people rode horses, rather than be dragged behind them. Chariots were for sports show at the Olympics and the Circus Maximus.
技术早已超越了战车时代。战车大约在罗马帝国兴起前1200年左右才有用。到了罗马成为强国的时候，人们已经开始骑马而不是被马拉着。战车主要用于奥林匹克运动会和马克西姆斯马戏团的表演。
The Chariot while a useful weapons platform during the heroic age/ bronze age it was never an ideal military weapon. The first recorded usage of chariots was a platform pulled by an early form of ass or mule and wasn’t very fast of reliable this was around 3rd century BCE in Sumeria.
战车虽然在英雄时代/青铜时代作为一个有用的武器平台，但从未是一种理想的军事武器。最早记录的战车使用是由一种早期的驴或骡拉动的平台，并且速度不快也不可靠，大约发生在公元前3世纪的苏美尔。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
(Bronze Age Chariot typical of the City kingdoms not to dissimilar to what the Mycaneans would have used)
（青铜时代的战车，典型于城邦王国，与迈锡尼人可能使用的战车并无太大差异）
Chariots were suited to smooth terrain rather than rough or rocky, axles could break and there was limited space on the fighting platform. We can categorize chariots as light or heavy in design and neither was really suitable for plowing into mass ranks of the enemy while some did it was designed purely for intimidation purposes.
青铜时代战车的起源（你可能会觉得这个有用）
战车适合平整地形，而不适合崎岖或多石的地形，车轴可能会断裂，并且在战斗平台上的空间有限。我们可以将战车按设计分为轻型和重型，但无论哪种设计都不太适合冲入敌人的大规模阵列，尽管有些战车是为了纯粹的恫吓目的而设计的。
埃及使用战车奔跑者，他们基本上是轻型游击战士，会骑在战车上并跳下来参与战斗，他们还会利用战车发射标枪、长矛或箭矢。
(Egyptian Chariot)
（埃及战车）
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
When they invaded Britain only the British and Irish still used chariots as weapons platforms and they were incredibly vulnerable to the military tactics of the Roman infantry block.
在罗马人经历了第一次洗劫罗马后进行改革后，战车只被用作个人交通工具，有时还用于比赛。当他们入侵不列颠时，只有不列颠和爱尔兰人仍然将战车作为武器平台使用，但它们极易受到罗马步兵方阵的军事战术攻击。
(Gallic/ British possibly even Irish Chariot)
（(高卢/英国甚至爱尔兰战车）
For much the same reason the US Navy hasn’t developed and deployed a new trireme: they were obsolete.
战车和美国海军没有研发和部署新的三层战船差不多，它们都已经过时了。
战车是马的最早军事应用。青铜时代的军队使用战车在战场上迅速移动。为什么使用战车？因为早期驯养的马相对较小，不适合承载装甲骑士。为了利用它们，军队必须使用一队马拉动车辆。经过许多世纪的选择性繁育，最终产生了足够大的马可以作为可行的骑乘动物。与战车相比，骑马更灵活，因为它们不受限于硬而平坦的地面，也不需要战车那种沉重且有时易碎的设备。一旦骑兵成为选择，你只需要让人们骑上个别的马。战车被放弃，人们开始骑马穿越从欧洲到中国的整个旧世界。将完全适用的骑兵马配对在一起，并将它们连接到一个更慢、更笨重的车辆上，将是倒退的一步。